Editing Live television

{{Short description|Type of broadcast medium}}
{{Redirect|Live TV|the British TV station formerly known by this name|L!VE TV|the defunct Italian TV station|Live! (TV channel)}}
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{{Globalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|United Kingdom|3name=the United Kingdom|date=August 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2008}}
{{Original research|date=October 2016}}
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'''Live television''' is a [[television production]] broadcast in real-time, as events happen, in the present. In a secondary meaning, it may refer to [[streaming television]] where all viewers watch the same stream simultaneously, rather than watching [[video on demand]].

Shows broadcast live include [[News broadcasting|newscast]]s, [[Breakfast television|morning shows]], awards shows, sports programs, reality programs and, occasionally, episodes of scripted television series.

Live television was more common until the late 1950s, when [[videotape]] technology was invented. Because of the prohibitive cost, adoption was slow, and some scripted television shows remained live until the 1970s, such as [[soap opera]]s. To prevent unforeseen issues, live television programs may be [[Broadcast delay|delayed]], which allows censors to edit the program. Some programs may be broadcast live in certain time zones and delayed in others.

== Types of programs ==
From the early days of television until about 1958, live television was used heavily, except for filmed programs such as ''[[I Love Lucy]]'' and ''[[Gunsmoke]]''. Although [[videotape]] was invented in 1956, it cost $300 per one hour reel ({{Inflation|US|300|1956|fmt=eq}})
slowing its adoption.<ref>[http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A3224936 "The History of Magnetic Recording"], ''BBC'',  20 December 2004. Retrieved on 23 October 2014.</ref> Some genres, such as [[soap opera]]s, did not completely abandon live broadcasts until the mid-1970s.

In general, a live [[television program]] was more common for broadcasting content produced specifically for [[Commercial broadcasting|commercial television]] in the early years of the medium, before technologies such as video tape appeared. As [[video tape recorder]]s (VTR) became more prevalent, many entertainment programs were recorded and edited before broadcasting rather than being shown live.

=== Morning shows ===
As of September 2021, [[Television network]]s provide most live television for [[Breakfast television|morning shows]] with television programs such as: ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]'', ''[[BBC Breakfast]]'', ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]'', ''[[GB News|Breakfast with Eamonn and Isabel]]'', etc. broadcast live in the UK; ''[[Sunrise (Australian TV program)|Sunrise]]'' live in Australia; ''[[Your Morning]]'' live in Canada; and ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]'', ''[[Good Morning America]]'', and ''[[CBS Mornings]]'' in the U.S., which air live only in the Eastern Time Zone. The only exceptions are ''[[CBS Saturday Morning]]'' and ''[[Weekend Today|Sunday Today with Willie Geist]]'', which air live in the Eastern and Central time zones. Spanish-language morning shows (such as ''[[Despierta America]]'' and ''[[Un Nuevo Día]]''), unlike their English speaking counterparts, air live in across the mainland U.S. except for viewers in the Pacific time zone, which, along with viewers in Hawaii and Alaska, have tape-delayed shows.

A few daytime talk shows in the U.S. broadcast live before a studio audience in select time zones. Shows such as ''[[Live with Kelly and Mark]]'' and [[Sherri (talk show)|''Sherri'']] air live in the Eastern time zone only, while ABC's ''[[The View (U.S. TV series)|The View]]'' air live in the Eastern and Central time zones. A separate program is taped on Thursday afternoon for airing on Friday. Affiliates in the remaining time zones air these programs on a [[broadcast delay|tape delay]]. Most other daytime talk shows and [[Late-night talk show|late night programs]] are taped before a live studio audience earlier in the day and edited for later broadcast.

=== Entertainment shows ===
Major entertainment events, such as [[award show]]s and [[beauty pageants]], are often broadcast live in [[primetime]] hours based on U.S. East Coast's schedule. In the 21st century, [[reality competition]] franchises began to emerge (such as, in the United States, ''[[American Idol]]'' and ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing With The Stars]]''), where viewers could vote for their favorite acts featured in live performances, but ''American Idol'', as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, is the only reality competition series to have broadcast live in all U.S. territories at the same time.

Scheduling of live entertainment programming may be complicated in countries that span multiple [[time zone]]s, such as [[Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting|Mexico, Canada and the United States]], where programming is aired live in the easternmost time zones, but may be delayed in order to air in local primetime hours in western markets (although since the last decade, Canada and Mexico have regularly televised all major live events simultaneously across all of their territories).

Historically, live global sports and breaking international news programming are usually broadcast live in all time zones worldwide. Several [[award show]]s began to air live in all time zones worldwide in order to avert the need to avoid "spoilers" via the internet and [[social media]] outlets in the onset of the latter's rise in the late 2000s. For decades, the [[Academy Awards]] have continuously broadcast live in Alaska and both U.S. coasts (and now including Hawaii and American Samoa by the late 2010s), and are later joined by the [[Golden Globe Awards]] since the early 2010s. In recent years, the [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], [[Grammy Awards]] and [[Tony Awards]] have joined airing live in all U.S. territories.

Some award shows like the [[Billboard Music Awards]] and the [[MTV Video Music Awards]] have switched annually between delayed and live nationwide telecasts since the mid-2010s as a result of the declining viewership across live event television in the same period.

=== News shows ===
Most local television station [[News broadcasting|newscast]]s are broadcast live in the U.S. as they are an essential medium for providing up-to-the-minute weather forecasts and breaking news stories. Broadcast television networks in the United States typically air their evening newscasts live in the Eastern and Central time zones. A separate "Western Edition" is broadcast to viewers in the [[Pacific Time Zone]] to account for latest news updates, and may sometimes be a second live broadcast with the same running time as the original East Coast airing. When a major breaking news event occurs, whether nationally or globally, broadcast television networks will break into regularly scheduled programming and will televise a live "[[special report]]" in all time zones. Local television stations break into regularly scheduled programming in the event of [[Severe weather|severe weather warnings]] or major local breaking news stories that occur within their viewing area.

Cable news outlets (such as [[CNN]] and [[Fox News Channel]]) air continuous live programming during the day, and air rebroadcasts of earlier live shows during the late night hours, except in cases where [[breaking news]] occurs.<ref name="rebroadcasts">Shows such as [[Hannity]] on the Fox News Channel are pre-recorded the afternoon of its broadcast. However, this show occasionally airs live if breaking news or special events are being covered.</ref>  The ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'' airs live on PBS stations in the Eastern Time Zone.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/history/ "History - PBS NewsHour"], www.pbs.org. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</ref> Sunday morning news programs in the USA such as ''[[Meet The Press]]'' on NBC, ''[[This Week (ABC TV series)|This Week]]'' on ABC, and ''[[Fox News Sunday]]'' air live in the Eastern Time Zone (including a limited number of small markets in the Central Time Zone), while ''[[CBS Sunday Morning]]'' and ''[[Face The Nation]]'' on CBS air live in the Eastern and Central time zones.

Cable outlets (such as CNN and Fox News Channel) incorporate the word ''LIVE'' in their network logo (also known as a [[digital on-screen graphic]]) when those networks broadcast live content.  Some (but not all) sports cable networks will opt to insert the word ''LIVE'' somewhere on the corner of the screen. With the exception of [[breaking news|special breaking news reports]] and overseas sporting events, broadcast television networks rarely display such a graphic during its live programming. (although NBC did display the word LIVE next to their logo during its Olympic coverage when live content was being broadcast, a practice that was continued by its sister station, [[NBCSN]], until its closure in 2021.)<ref name="Broadcast networks">In 2015, NBC began inserting the word ''LIVE'' above its on-air graphic during live telecasts of "Undateable" and "The Wiz", and in 2016, the Golden Globe Awards. However, they do not display the ''LIVE'' graphic during programs such as ''Saturday Night Live'' and the ''NBC Nightly News''. Broadcast networks such as CBS, ABC, PBS, and FOX typically do not display a LIVE graphic during any of their live telecasts.</ref>

Local television station newscasts display time and temperature during their broadcasts, and only display the word LIVE when they air a news report or a [[live shot]] on location. Some networks have begun to insert (in addition to the word LIVE) the local time of where that news report is originating from, particularly when that report is airing live via satellite from overseas.

=== Sports and other events ===
As of the current decade, major [[sports television|sporting events]] like the [[World Series]], [[Super Bowl]], [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], [[NBA Finals]], and [[Olympic Games]] have been broadcast entirely live in all U.S. territories, encompassing both prime time hours of both U.S. coasts, simultaneous with the live global telecasts of these events in accordance with the official international broadcasters of such games.

Other events that air live all across U.S. territories include multi-network coverage of U.S. presidential and congressional elections, U.S. [[inauguration|presidential inaugurations]], the [[State of the Union|State of the Union Address]], [[News conference|presidential news conferences]], [[Oval Office Address|Presidential Addresses to the Nation]], the [[Rose Parade|Tournament of Roses Parade]], and funerals of major national or international public and religious figures. Local television stations air live local election coverage and special events, such as large scale [[parade]]s, [[Marathon|big city marathons]], funerals of major local public and religious figures, inauguration ceremonies of big city mayors and governors, installation masses of cardinals or bishops in a major Catholic archdiocese, and [[Pep rally|pep rallies]] for a major sports team. In the UK, events such as the [[State Opening of Parliament]] are broadcast live.

==Uses of live television==
Live television is often used as a device, even in scripted programming to take advantage of these often to great success in terms of attracting viewers. The [[NBC]] live comedy/variety program ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', for example, has been on that network continuously since 1975 and airs live in the Eastern and Central zones (including the Pacific and Mountain zones beginning 2017 in its transition to its first live season all across the continental U.S. beginning 2018) during the show's season which runs from October though May.

On September 25, 1997, NBC aired two separate live broadcasts (for viewers in both U.S. coasts) of an episode of ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'', which at the time was the [[List of most watched television broadcasts in the United States|most watched U.S. television program overall]]. Many [[News broadcasting#Television news|television news]] programs, particularly [[local news]] ones in North America, have also used live television as a device to gain [[audience]] viewers by making their programs appear more exciting. With technologies such as [[production truck]]s, [[satellite truck]] uplinks, a [[Journalist|news reporter]] can report live "on location" from anywhere where a story is happening in the city. This technique has attracted criticism for its overuse (like minor car accidents which often have no injuries) and resulting tendency to make stories appear more urgent than they actually are.

The unedited nature of live television can pose problems for broadcasters because of the potential for mishaps, such as anchors being interrupted or harassed by bystanders shouting profane phrases.<ref name=kiss>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/08/10/do-you-know-the-man-who-kissed-this-tv-reporter-on-the-air.html|title=Teen who kissed CBC reporter live on-air apologizes|last=Pelley|first=Laura|work=[[The Toronto Star]]|date=August 10, 2015|access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/11/14/mallick_sick_new_trend_of_trying_to_humiliate_female_tv_reporters.html|title=Mallick: sick new trend of trying to humiliate female TV reporters|last=Mallick|first=Heather|work=[[The Toronto Star]]|date=November 14, 2014|access-date=October 19, 2016}}</ref>  In 2015, a female [[CityNews]] journalist confronted a group of young men who had used such a phrase; one of them later lost his job after he was identified.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straight.com/blogra/448956/man-gets-fired-after-sexist-heckling-toronto-reporter-shauna-hunt|title=Man gets fired after sexist heckling of Toronto reporter Shauna Hunt|last=Nelson|first=Miranda|work=[[The Georgia Straight]]|date=May 12, 2015|access-date=October 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11583542|title=TV3 reporter Kim Vinnell was groped, claims boyfriend|author=<!-- Staff -->|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=February 3, 2016|access-date=October 19, 2016}}</ref> Channels often [[broadcast delay|broadcast live programs on a slight delay]] (usually of less than ten seconds) to give them the ability to censor words and images while keeping the broadcast as "live" as possible.

==Notable events on live television==
Many events have happened on live television broadcasts that are well-remembered, sometimes because they were part of a major breaking news story already, and always because they happened unexpectedly and before audiences of thousands or millions of viewers.

===News===
*September 30, 1929 – The [[BBC]] made the world's first television broadcast to British audiences: it is a live transmission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Experimental Television Transmission by the Baird Process - BBC Genome|date=30 September 1929 |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/1f054f8e6830404e9a1d5c020720c6ac|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref>
*September 4, 1951&nbsp;– The first national live television broadcast in the U.S. took place when President [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]]'s speech at the [[Treaty of San Francisco|Japanese Peace Treaty Conference]] in [[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], was transmitted over [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]]'s transcontinental [[coaxial cable|cable]] and [[Microwave transmission#Microwave radio relay|microwave radio relay]] system to broadcast stations in local markets.<ref>"Truman to Be Televised In First National Hook-Up", ''The New York Times'', September 4, 1951, p. 2.</ref><ref>"Television Highlights", ''The Washington Post'', September 4, 1951, p. B13.</ref><ref>"Coast to Coast Television" (CBS advertisement), ''The Wall Street Journal'', September 4, 1951, p. 9.</ref>
* January 14, 1952&nbsp;– ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|The Today Show]]'', the first broadcast morning news program in the U.S., premieres. Initially airing live in the Eastern and Central time zones up until 1958, nowadays this program airs live only in the Eastern Time Zone.<ref>Gerstenberger, Tim. [http://www.tvovermind.com/lists/15-things-didnt-know-today-show-239880 "15 Things You Didn't Know about The Today Show"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014082623/http://www.tvovermind.com/lists/15-things-didnt-know-today-show-239880 |date=2014-10-14 }}, "www.tvovermind.com", 11 September 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</ref>
*March 30, 1953&nbsp;– Crown Prince [[Akihito]] of Japan's departure from the [[Port of Yokohama]] on the {{SS|President Wilson}} to attend the [[coronation of Elizabeth II]] in the United Kingdom was the first live television news broadcast in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/digitalmuseum/nhk50years_en/history/p07/index.html|title=50 Years of NHK Television: 50's Discovering TV's Potential|work=[[NHK]]|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
*June 2, 1953&nbsp;– The [[coronation of Elizabeth II]], screened live on [[television in the United Kingdom]], is influential in encouraging sales of television sets.<ref>Moran, Joe. [http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-06-02/why-elizabeth-iis-1953-coronation-is-the-day-that-changed-television "Why Elizabeth II's 1953 Coronation is the day that changed television."], "Radiotimes.com", London, 02 June 2013. Retrieved on 01 November 2014.</ref>
*July 23, 1962&nbsp;– The first live transatlantic television broadcast via the [[Telstar|Telstar I]] satellite.<ref>Klein, Christopher. [http://www.history.com/news/the-birth-of-satellite-tv-50-years-ago  "The Birth of Satellite TV, 50 years ago"], "History.com", 23 July 2012. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.</ref>
*November 25, 1963&nbsp;– The [[State funeral of John F. Kennedy]] was broadcast on live TV. It was seen by perhaps what was the largest viewing audience up to then. It was the first live TV coverage of a Presidential funeral. Kennedy had been assassinated in [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]], three days before, on November 22, 1963. [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|The assassination]] itself initiated four days of non-stop live television news coverage seen by millions.
* November 13, 1965&nbsp;– Critic and author [[Kenneth Tynan]] became the first person to say the word "[[fuck]]" on British television on the live satirical programme ''[[BBC-3 (TV series)|BBC-3]]'' while commenting on censorship during a TV debate.
* December 24, 1968&nbsp;– [[Apollo 8 Genesis reading]] during the ninth orbit of the [[Moon]]
* July 20–21, 1969&nbsp;– [[Apollo 11]], the first astronauts walking on the Moon after the first human landing. This event, broadcast live by nearly every television station in operation at the time, was viewed by 125 million viewers in the U.S. (93% of its television audience), and was the first live satellite broadcast in the State of Alaska.<ref>[http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/news-articles/remote-broke-all-records/110227?rssid=20065 "A Remote that Broke all the Records"], "Broadcasting Magazine", New York, 28 July 1969. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.</ref> It was estimated to have been seen by 600 million viewers worldwide.
* November 7, 1970&nbsp;– [[Felix Dennis]], in a group interview on ''[[David Frost|The Frost Programme]]'', became the first person to say "[[cunt]]" on live TV.
* July 15, 1974&nbsp;– [[Christine Chubbuck]], a television news reporter for station WXLT-TV in Sarasota, Florida, committed suicide on live television by firing a revolver shot into her head.
* June 1, 1980&nbsp;– CNN is launched as the world's first 24-hour news channel.<ref>Keisewetter, John. [http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2000/05/28/loc_kiesewetter.html "In 20 years, CNN has changed the way we view the news"], "Enquirer.com", 28 May 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</ref>
*January 28, 1986&nbsp;– The [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]] was seen on live TV by millions in the U.S.
*February 9, 1988&nbsp;– Bank robber [[Phillip Hutchinson]] led police on a terrifying chase in [[Denver, Colorado]]. It was filmed by a news helicopter cameraman in one of the first ever recorded police chases to be featured in the news. The pilot of the news helicopter assisted police by landing directly in front of Hutchinson during his escape and stopped him from fleeing with a hostage in a stolen pickup truck. Hutchinson was then shot dead by police after refusing to surrender and threatening his hostage with a gun. The hostage escaped unharmed, but Hutchinson's death was filmed live by the news cameraman.<ref>Moca, Diane [https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1991/02/10/pilot-joined-the-chase-controversy-followed/ ''Pilot Joined The Chase, Controversy Followed''], Orlando Sentinel, 10 February 1991. Retrieved 10 April 2016.</ref>
* February 5, 1989&nbsp;– [[Sky News]] is launched as Europe's first 24-hour news channel.<ref>Brown, Maggie [https://www.theguardian.com/media/organgrinder/2009/feb/04/sky-tv-early-years "Sky TV's launch: 'a wing and a prayer'], The Guardian, London, 5 February 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</ref>
* November 9, 1989&nbsp;– Live coverage of the abolition of travel restrictions and [[Berlin Wall#The Fall|the opening of the border]] to [[West Berlin]] after mass panic and jubilation from East Germans.
* June 17, 1994&nbsp;– The [[O. J. Simpson murder case]] slow-speed [[car chase]] of a [[Ford Bronco]] vehicle containing American football star and murder suspect [[O. J. Simpson]] was broadcast live throughout the U.S., with NBC interrupting its coverage of the [[1994 NBA Finals#Telecast interruption|1994 NBA Finals]] to do so.
* April 30, 1998&nbsp;– [[Daniel V. Jones]], a cancer and HIV-positive patient apparently frustrated with his [[HMO]] coverage, ended a live televised stand-off with police on a Los Angeles freeway by committing suicide, shooting himself in the chin with a shotgun. The event, which took place on a Thursday afternoon, was witnessed by many children whose after-school cartoons had been interrupted in order to broadcast the incident, which originally began as a high-speed pursuit, and led many to criticize Los Angeles television stations' practice of airing police pursuits live.
* September 11, 2001&nbsp;– At 9:03{{nbsp}}am Eastern Daylight Time, [[United Airlines Flight 175]] crashed into the south tower of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]], in front of millions of viewers who were already watching live coverage of the unfolding [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks]] of that day. Major networks had broken into regular programming just minutes earlier with live shots of the twin towers after [[American Airlines Flight 11]] crashed into the north tower at 8:46{{nbsp}}am.<ref name="Major networks">At 8:56am ET, all three U.S. broadcast morning shows (''Early Show'', ''Today'' and ''Good Morning America'') suspended tape delayed broadcasting and went live in all time zones coast to coast.</ref> Millions of viewers around the world watching live coverage of the attacks saw [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|both buildings collapse]].
*March 23, 2003&nbsp;– [[Sky News]] broadcast live coverage of US forces attacking an Iraqi position. Sky reporter David Bowden, embedded with the US Marines, gave a live running commentary on the battle, something viewers had not seen before.
*July 7, 2005&nbsp;– A live television report on the unfolding situation on the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]] captured the sound of the Tavistock Square bus explosion at 9:46{{nbsp}}am British Summer Time.
*July 27, 2007&nbsp;– Two news helicopters [[2007 Phoenix news helicopter collision|collided in midair]] over [[Phoenix, Arizona]], while covering a police pursuit. One of the helicopters was broadcasting live; viewers heard the collision and a scream before the station cut to the studio.
*September 28, 2012&nbsp;– 33-year-old Jodon F. Romero committed suicide in a field after he carjacked a vehicle in Phoenix and went on an 80-mile car chase.  This was accidentally broadcast on ''[[Studio B with Shepard Smith]]''.
*August 26, 2015&nbsp;- [[Murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward]]: A news reporter and cameraman are murdered on live television by a former coworker during a news report. Shooter Vester Flanagan committed suicide some time later.<ref>Sandoval, Silverstein, and McShane, [http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/shot-live-tv-news-broadcast-virginia-article-1.2337586 "TV news reporter, cameraman are fatally shot during live broadcast in Virginia; suspected shooter posts video of attack, then kills himself"], New York Daily News, 27 August 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.</ref>
*July 13, 2024&nbsp;- [[Donald Trump]] was [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|shot in the ear]] in an assassination attempt during live coverage of the Trump rally on various television channels and major news networks near [[Butler, Pennsylvania]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/article/shooting-trump-rally.html What We Know About the Assassination Attempt Against Trump] [[NY Times]], July 20, 2024.</ref>

===Entertainment & sport===
* August 1–16, 1936&nbsp;– The [[1936 Summer Olympics]], held in Berlin, Germany, were the first Olympic Games (and sporting event) to have live television coverage. <sup>[http://www.olympic.org/berlin-1936-summer-olympics <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</sup> 
* May 17, 1939&nbsp;– The first live televised sporting event in the U.S. takes place: a college baseball game between the Columbia Lions and the Princeton Tigers, was broadcast by NBC from Columbia's Baker Field in New York City. Princeton won that game 8–6.<ref>Koppett, Leonard.[http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/spr99/34a.html "Baker Field: Birthplace of Sports Television"], "Columbia University", 1999. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.gocolumbialions.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=9600&ATCLID=3738874 "Columbia vs. Princeton:  First Televised Sporting Event Marks 70th Anniversary"], "Columbia University Athletics", 17 May 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</ref>
* March 19, 1953&nbsp;– First live broadcast of [[25th Academy Awards|The Academy Awards]].<ref>Bacon, James. "TV Will Carry Film Awards Show Tonight", The Fresno Bee,  Associated Press, 19 March 1953. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.</ref>
* March 7, 1955&nbsp; – First nationwide live broadcast of [[7th Primetime Emmy Awards|The Emmy Awards]].<ref>[http://www.emmys.com/content/1950s-%E2%80%93-history-emmy "The 1950s - A History of Emmy"], "Emmy.com", Retrieved 20 November 2014.</ref>
* November 30, 1958&nbsp;– Midway through transmission of the ''[[Armchair Theatre]]'' play ''[[Underground (1958 TV play)|Underground]]'' on the British [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] network, actor [[Gareth Jones (actor)|Gareth Jones]] died off-camera, forcing the cast to improvise the remainder of the broadcast.
* December 7, 1963&nbsp;– [[Instant replay]] is used for the first time during the live transmission of the [[Army–Navy Game]] by its inventor, director [[Tony Verna]].
* February 9, 1964&nbsp;– [[The Beatles]] make their first appearance on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''. This live broadcast on [[CBS]] drew an estimated 73 million viewers (40% of the American population), the largest audience in the history of American television up to that time.
* April 18, 1966&nbsp;– [[38th Academy Awards|The Academy Awards]] broadcast in color for the first time.<ref>[http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/academytrivia_2.htm "The Oscars - Academy Awards Trivia & Fun Facts"], "About Education". Retrieved 27 October 2014.</ref> 
* June 25, 1967&nbsp;– ''[[Our World (TV special)|Our World]]'', the first live international [[satellite television]] production aired, seen by 400 million people in 25 countries worldwide. It closed with [[The Beatles]] performing a new song: "[[All You Need Is Love]]", composed by John Lennon for the occasion.<ref>[http://mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2014/08/30/our-world-the-worlds-first-ever-live-satellite-tv-broadcast-1967-included-the-beatles-marshall-mcluhan/ "Our World - The World's First Ever Live Satellite TV Broadcast (1967) Included The Beatles & Marshall McLuhan"], 30 August 2014. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.</ref>
* September 17, 1967&nbsp;– While [[The Doors]] performed "[[Light My Fire]]" on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'', [[Lead vocalist|frontman]] [[Jim Morrison]] used the word "higher" instead of the previously agreed-upon change "better". This resulted in the band being banned from the program.
* November 17, 1968&nbsp;– A football game (known subsequently as the [[Heidi Game|''Heidi'' Game]]) between the [[New York Jets]] and the [[Oakland Raiders]] ran over its allotted time. At the time, NBC was contractually bound to air the children's movie ''Heidi'' at 7{{nbsp}}pm Eastern Time. NBC broke away from the game on the East Coast, after which Oakland scored 2 touchdowns in the final minute to win the game 43–32. This prompted outrage from sports fans, resulting in a change of policy where all televised sports events are now broadcast to its conclusion.
* March 16, 1971&nbsp;– First live broadcast of [[13th Grammy Awards|The Grammy Awards]].<ref>Ehrlich, Ken (2007). "At The Grammys: Behind the Scenes at Music's Biggest Night", Hal Leonard Books. {{ISBN|978-1-4234-3073-5}}.</ref>
* March 5, 1975&nbsp;– [[Graham Kennedy]] mimicked a crow call ("faaaaaaark") reminiscent of the word [[fuck]] during a hairspray ad on ''[[The Graham Kennedy Show]]'' on the [[Nine Network]] in [[Australia]]. He was banned from live TV indefinitely for the stunt. He later parted ways with the network on April 17 after the network took advantage of the pre-taping to delete a speech critical of Senator [[Doug McClelland]] (the then Minister for the Media), though Kennedy returned years later.
*October 11, 1975&nbsp;– First episode of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' broadcast in the United States.
* December 1, 1976&nbsp;– Appearing in a live interview on the [[Thames Television]] pre-[[Watershed (television)|watershed]] programme ''Today'' as last-minute replacements for fellow EMI artists [[Queen (band)|Queen]], the [[Sex Pistols]] were interviewed by [[Bill Grundy]] to promote their recently released "[[Anarchy in the U.K.]]" single. During the interview, Steve Jones said the band had "fucking spent" its label advance money and [[John Lydon|Johnny Rotten]] used the word "shit." Pistols [[guitarist]] [[Steve Jones (musician)|Steve Jones]] called Grundy a "dirty sod" and a "dirty old man", leading Grundy to goad the band into swearing on live TV, and Jones ended the interview with "you dirty bastard," "you dirty fucker," and "what a fucking rotter".<ref>[http://www.bubblegun.com/features/sexpis.html Sex Pistols vs Bill Grundy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The incident quickly became the subject of media attention, Grundy was fired by ITV and ''Today'' was cancelled.
* February 20, 1981&nbsp;– Appearing on the live [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] comedy show ''[[Fridays (TV series)|Fridays]]'' as guest host, comedian [[Andy Kaufman]] refused to read his lines during the last sketch, to the annoyance of the cast and crew. The situation escalated into a minor brawl, and the network cut off the broadcast. Kaufman later admitted that the fight was planned by him and some of the cast and crew.
* April 15, 1984&nbsp;– English comedian [[Tommy Cooper]] collapsed and subsequently died of a heart attack in front of millions of viewers on ''[[Live From Her Majesty's]]''. The audience carried on laughing thinking it was part of his act, before the programme took a commercial break.
* July 13, 1985&nbsp;– [[Live Aid]], the first live global concert aired to 1.9 billion viewers in 150 countries worldwide.<ref>Jones, Graham. [http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/01/liveaid.memories/index.html "Live Aid 1985: a day of magic"], "CNN.com", London, 06 July 2005. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.</ref>
* January 4, 1987&nbsp;– A massive bench-clearing brawl (the so-called [[Punch-up in Piestany]]) occurred during the final game of the World Junior Hockey Championships between Canada and the Soviet Union in [[Piešťany]], [[Czechoslovakia]] (now located in [[Slovakia]]). After Pavel Kostichkin took a two handed slash at Canada's [[Theoren Fleury]], the Soviet Union's [[Evgeny Davydov]] came off the bench, eventually leading to both benches clearing. The officials walked off the ice and tried shutting off the arena lights, but the brawl lasted for 20 minutes until the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] declared the game null and void. Both teams were ejected from the tournament, and the Soviet team were barred from attending the end-of-tournament dinner.
* October 17, 1989&nbsp;– Right before Game 3 of The [[1989 World Series]] between the [[San Francisco Giants]] and the [[Oakland Athletics]], the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake|Loma Prieta earthquake]] occurred.
* February 18, 2001&nbsp;- during the final lap of the [[2001 Daytona 500]], seven-time champion and fan favorite [[Dale Earnhardt]] was involved in a crash that resulted in [[Death of Dale Earnhardt|his death]].
* February 1, 2004&nbsp;– During a performance by singers [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Janet Jackson]] at the [[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy|Super Bowl XXXVIII half time show]], Timberlake pulled off a part of Jackson's leather corset, revealing her right breast covered by a piece of jewelry attached to her nipple. He later described the incident as a "[[wardrobe malfunction]]". The incident caused outrage among religious groups and demands for the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] to crack down on in [[decency]] on television and radio. It resulted in broadcast television networks imposing a [[seven-second delay]] on all future live programming.
* April 21, 2004&nbsp;– After commenting on a [[UEFA Champions League]] match on [[ITV1]], [[Ron Atkinson]] thought that the broadcast had finished. However, although transmission in the UK had finished, he was still on air to various countries in the Middle East and proceeded to say that "...&nbsp;he is what is known in some schools as a fucking lazy thick nigger" towards [[Marcel Desailly]]. He resigned with immediate effect.
* May 9, 2004&nbsp;- on the finale of survivor all stars moments before the final votes were revealed survivor marquesas castaway Rob Maraiano proposed to survivor the Australian Outback castaway Amber Brkich and she accepted Brkich would win the jury vote 4-3 over Maraiano one year later there wedding in the Bahamas was televised on CBS in a primetime special titled Rob and Amber get married on May 24th 
* August 20, 2006&nbsp;– During a live dance performance of "Crazy Love Song" by the female pop trio [[SeeYa]] on the Korean television program [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] ''[[The Music Trend|Inkigayo]]'', a backup dancer who suffered from [[epilepsy]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} had a seizure in the middle of the song. The performers ignored the interruption and completed the performance normally before and after the dancer was carried off the stage.
* April 14, 2007&nbsp;– At the conclusion of an AFL match between [[Fremantle Football Club|Fremantle]] and [[West Coast Eagles|West Coast]] on [[Network 10]], Eagles player Michael Braun concluded his Ross Glenndenning Medal acceptance speech with "Let's have a fucking good year" in front of a TV audience of 550,000 and a crowd of 42,051. Braun was fined $5,500 ({{Inflation|US|5500|2007|fmt=eq}}) by the AFL for the incident.
* February 1, 2015&nbsp;– NBC aired a rare Sunday Super Bowl edition of ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon]]'' live from the Orpheum Theater in Phoenix, Arizona. This marked the first time since 1971 that ''The Tonight Show'' had aired a live episode.
*December 20, 2015&nbsp;– [[Miss Universe]] host [[Steve Harvey]] crowned [[Colombia]]'s [[Ariadna Gutierrez|representative]] as the wrong winner by mistake then crowned the [[Philippines]]' [[Pia Wurtzbach|representative]] as the actual winner on live television.<ref>{{cite web|title=Miss Universe Forgives Steve Harvey: 'Don't Beat Yourself Up for This Anymore'|date=15 January 2016 |url=http://www.etonline.com/news/180133_steve_harvey_breaks_silence_on_miss_universe_mishap_two_day_tv_event/}}</ref>
* January 8, 2016&nbsp;– ''[[The Late Show with Stephen Colbert]]'' aired a live episode for the first time in the 23-year history of CBS's late-night franchise.<ref>Ramisetti, Kirthanna,[http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/stephen-colbert-late-show-airs-live-episode-article-1.2490764 "Stephen Colbert's 'Late Show' airs live episode in warm-up for post-Super Bowl telecast"], "New York Daily News", New York, 09 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</ref>
* July 21, 2016&nbsp;– ''[[Late Night with Seth Meyers]]'' aired a live episode for the first time in the 30-year history of NBC's late-night franchise.<ref>Itzkoff, Dave [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/09/arts/television/seth-meyers-late-night-live-republican-national-convention-coverage.html?_r=0 "Seth Meyers Takes 'Late Night' Live as Convention Coverage Heats Up", New York Times, 08 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.]</ref>
* February 5, 2017&nbsp;– [[NFL on Fox|Fox]]'s live broadcast of [[Super Bowl LI]] became the first Super Bowl ever to be decided in [[overtime (sports)|overtime]] and drew the largest total audience for any television program in U.S. history, garnering 172 million viewers (more than 50% of the U.S. population). Its half-time show featuring [[Lady Gaga]] drew 117.5 million viewers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.syracuse.com/superbowl/index.ssf/2017/02/super_bowl_2017_patriots_comeback_win_most-viewed_show_in_television_history.html |title=Super Bowl 2017: Patriots' comeback win most-viewed show in television history |first=Brent |last=Axe |date=February 7, 2017 |website=syracuse.com| access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://programminginsider.com/fox-sports-reports-172-million-viewers-total-super-bowl-li/|title=Fox Sports: Super Bowl LI Most-Viewed U.S. Program Ever |first=Chris |last=Tribbey |date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=NewBay Media| access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref>
* February 26, 2017&nbsp;– Towards the end of the [[89th Academy Awards]], the wrong winner for Best Picture was announced on live television before millions of people watching worldwide. A representative for Price Waterhouse Cooper (PwC), while tweeting a picture of Emma Stone, handed the presenter the wrong envelope. This caused a major embarrassment for AMPAS, and two accountants from PwC were banned from participating in future Academy Awards shows over the incident.<ref>Superstein, Pat [https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscars-academy-apologizes-mistake-1201998411/ "Oscars Snafu: Academy Deeply Regrets Mistake"], "www.variety.com", Hollywood, 27 February 2017, Retrieved 02 March 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.tmz.com/2017/03/01/pwc-accountants-booted-oscars/?adid=hero3 "The Oscars Fire The PWC Accountants: Behind Best Pic Fail"], "www.tmz.com", Los Angeles, 01 March 2017, Retrieved 03 March 2017.</ref>
* April 15, 2017&nbsp;– ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' airs the first coast to coast live episode in the U.S. for the first time in the show's 42-year history.<ref>Littleton, Cynthia [https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/saturday-night-live-jimmy-fallon-tv-ratings-1202031625/ "'Saturday Night Live' Gets Ratings Boost With Coast-to-Coast Live Airing"], www.variety.com, Hollywood, 16 April 2017, Retrieved 17 April 2017.</ref>
* April 29, 2018&nbsp;– ''[[American Idol]]'' became the first reality competition series in the history of American television to air live coast to coast, allowing for real time voting across all U.S. territories.<ref>Strause, Jackie [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/american-idol-air-nationwide-live-telecasts-first-time-1104877/ "American Idol to Air Nationwide Live Telecasts for First Time"], "www.hollywoodreporter.com", Hollywood, 23 April 2018, Retrieved 29 April 2018.</ref>
* March 27, 2022&nbsp;– During the ''[[94th Academy Awards]]'', [[Will Smith]] stormed on stage and slapped [[Chris Rock]] during his presentation of an award. Smith returned to his seat and shouted profanities at Rock, who had made a questionable joke about Smith's wife, [[Jada Pinkett Smith]]. While the incident was censored by [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] in the United States by cutting out the sound due to the profanity, it aired uncensored elsewhere.<ref>Cilia, Johnathan [https://lovinmalta.com/news/watch-will-smith-slaps-chris-rock-after-oscars-host-jokes-about-wife-jada-pinkett-smith/ "Will Smith Slaps Chris Rock After Oscars Host Jokes About Wife Jada Pinkett Smith"], "www.lovinmalta.com", Malta, 28 March 2022, Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathis-Lilley |first=Ben |date=2022-03-30 |title=Why American TV Censored the Awesome Stuff During the Oscars and Foreign TV Didn’t |url=https://slate.com/culture/2022/03/will-smith-chris-rock-oscars-censorship-japan-australia.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref>
* June 12, 2022&nbsp; - The [[Tony Awards]] airs its first live coast to coast edition in the U.S. in the awards show's history.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Evans |date=May 4, 2022 |title=Ariana DeBose To Host 2022 Tony Awards |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/ariana-debose-tony-awards-host-1235015974/ |access-date=May 4, 2022 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2022 |title=The 75th Tony Awards to Air Coast to Coast on CBS, Sunday, June 12 |url=https://www.tonyawards.com/news/75th-tony-awards-air-coast-coast-cbs-sunday-june-12 |publisher=[[Tony Awards]] |accessdate=March 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 9, 2022 |title=The Tony Awards to Return in June as a Live Coast-to-Coast, Two-Network Event |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/The-Tony-Awards-to-Return-in-June-as-a-Live-Coast-to-Coast-Two-Network-Event-20220309 |publisher=[[BroadwayWorld]] |accessdate=March 12, 2022}}</ref>
* February 8, 2023&nbsp;– During an NBA match between the [[Los Angeles Lakers]] and the [[Oklahoma City Thunder]] on [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]], Lakers player [[LeBron James]] concluded his all-time NBA leading points scorer record-breaking speech with "Fuck, man".
* February 12, 2023&nbsp;– [[NFL on Fox|Fox]]'s live broadcast of [[Super Bowl LVII]] became the most watched television program in U.S. history, garnering an average of 115.1 million viewers. Its half-time show featuring [[Rihanna]] drew more than 121 million viewers.<ref name="Deadline LVII">{{cite web |last1=Campione |first1=Katie |title=Super Bowl LVII Now Most-Watched In History After Nielsen Adjusts Viewing Measurement |url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/super-bowl-lvii-most-watched-ever-nielsen-adjusts-audience-1235353710/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>

==Live television episodes==
Although all programs were once live, the use of video tape means that very few television programs in the modern era have ever attempted such a feat. In the U.S., [[soap opera]]s including ''[[As the World Turns]]'' and ''[[The Edge of Night]]'' were broadcast live until [[1975 in television|1975]].

On rare occasions, a scripted series will do an episode live to attract ratings. In the U.S. and Canada, the episode is occasionally performed twice: once for the east coast which is composed of the [[Eastern Time Zone]] and [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central Time Zone]] and again three hours later for the west coast which is composed of the [[Mountain Time Zone]] and the [[Pacific Time Zone]] unless they have [[Dish Network]] or [[Direct TV]] who provides the live feed in all states. The most recent scripted series to air all live episodes was ''[[Undateable]]'' on NBC during its third season, which aired from October 2015 until January 2016.<ref>Nededog, Jethro.  [http://www.businessinsider.com/what-happens-behind-the-scenes-of-a-hit-nbc-show-as-it-airs-live-2016-1 "What happens behind the scenes of a hit NBC show as it airs live"], Business Insider, New York. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.</ref>

In the case of soap operas, they usually broadcast live episodes to celebrate a milestone anniversary.

Notable examples of shows that have had a live episode include:

*''[[Gimme a Break!]]'' (1985)<ref>"''GIMME A BREAK'' / TV SITCOM SHOWN LIVE -- AND IT WORKS", ''San Francisco Chronicle''. San Francisco, Calif.: February 25, 1985. pg. 37</ref>
*[[Roc (TV series)|''Roc'']] (The entire second season, 1993)
*''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' (1997)<ref name="twice">Performed twice so that viewers in multiple time zones saw a live version</ref>
*''[[Coronation Street]]'' (for its [[Coronation Street Live (2000 episode)|40th anniversary]] in 2000, its [[Coronation Street Live (2010 episode)|50th anniversary]] in 2010 and [[ITV (TV Network)|ITV's 60th anniversary]] in 2015)
*''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'' (1999, 2000, and 2001)
*''[[One Life to Live]]'' (Went live for an entire week of episodes in May 2002)
*''[[The Bill]]'' (2003 and 2005)
*''[[The Daily Show]]'' (2004, 2008, 2009)
*''[[Blue Heelers]]'' (2004)
*''[[Will & Grace]]'' (2005 and 2006)
*''[[Air Farce Live]]'' (All episodes from October 2007 – December 2008)
*''[[The West Wing]]'' (2005) - An episode ("[[The Debate (The West Wing)|The Debate]]")<ref name="twice" /> was presented as a live debate between presidential candidates
*''[[Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps]]'' (2008)
*''[[EastEnders]]'' (Went live for a single episode celebrating its [[EastEnders Live|25th anniversary]] in February 2010, an entire week of episodes for its [[EastEnders Live Week|30th anniversary]] in February 2015 and another set to happen for its [[EastEnders 40th Anniversary Week|40th anniversary]] in February 2025)
*''[[30 Rock]]'': [[30 Rock (season 5)|season five]], "[[Live Show]]" (2010)<ref name="twice" /> and [[30 Rock (season 6)|season six]], "[[Live from Studio 6H]]" (2012)<ref name="twice" />
*''[[Watch What Happens: Live]]'' (July 2009 to present)
*''[[WWE Raw|WWE Monday Night RAW]] '' (January 1993 to present)
*''[[WWE SmackDown]] '' (since 1999, occasional live specials; began airing all live effective July 19, 2016)<ref>Howard, Brandon [https://www.vice.com/en/article/wwe-smackdown-live-brand-split-usa-network/ "WWE SmackDown Going Live Shows Cable TV's Desperation for DVR-Proof Content"], "www.vice.com", 25 May 2016, Retrieved 25 May 2016.</ref> 
*''[[Talking Dead]] '' (October 2011 to present)
*''[[Emmerdale]] '' (For its 40th Anniversary)
*''[[Undateable]] '' (went live for an hour long episode, May 5, 2015, and went live again for the entire third season, October 2015-January 2016)
*''[[The Simpsons]] '' (For its [[The Simpsons (season 27)|twenty-seventh season]] episode "[[Simprovised]]" in May 2016)<ref name="twice" />
*'' [[The Late Show with Stephen Colbert]] '' (aired 2 weeks of live shows during the Republican and Democratic Conventions on July 18–21 and 25–28, 2016)<ref>Pallotta, Frank [https://money.cnn.com/2016/06/22/media/stephen-colbert-late-show-conventions-live/ "Stephen Colbert's 'Late Show' to go live during political conventions", 22 June 2016, "CNN", Retrieved 22 July 2016.]</ref>
*''[[Inside No. 9|inside no. 9]]'' (Halloween special, October 2018)

Since 2000, there have been a number of special films broadcast live. These include the remakes of [[Fail Safe (2000 TV)|''Fail Safe'']] (2000) and ''[[The Quatermass Experiment (2005)|The Quatermass Experiment]]'' (2005). Some recent examples of live episodic TV series include shows such as ''[[Melissa and Joey]]'' (2010), ''[[Whitney (TV series)|Whitney]]'' (2011) and ''[[Undateable]]'' (2014).

A live television advertisement was shown for the first time in 40 years to celebrate the arrival of the new Honda Accord in the United Kingdom. It was broadcast on Channel Four on 29 May 2008 at 20:10 during a special episode of ''Come Dine With Me''. The ad featured skydivers forming the letters of the word Honda over Spain.

==Live television specials==
Many live [[television special]]s were telecast during the pre-videotape era. Among the most successful were the 1955 and 1956 telecasts of ''[[Peter Pan (1954 musical)|Peter Pan]]'', a 1954 musical adaptation of [[J. M. Barrie]]'s 1904 play, starring [[Mary Martin]], and [[Cyril Ritchard]]. This was such a hit that the show was restaged and rebroadcast (this time on videotape) with the same two stars and most of the rest of the cast in 1960, and rerun several times after that. The ''Peter Pan'' telecasts marked the first-ever telecasts of a complete Broadway musical with most of its original cast.

On December 5, 2013, [[NBC]] broadcast a live television special called ''[[The Sound of Music Live!]]'' starring [[Carrie Underwood]]. This program aired live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and was the first television musical special to air live on NBC in almost fifty years. On January 31, 2016, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] became the first non-[[Big Three (American television)|Big Three]] American network to produce a musical special when it aired the television adaptation of ''[[Grease Live!|Grease]]'' live in the Eastern and Central time zones.

==Further reading==
*''No Retakes'', by Sandra Grabman and Wright King. BearManor Media, 2008.
*''Caesar's Hours: My Life in Comedy, with Love and Laughter'', by Sid Caesar with Eddy Friedfeld. Public Affairs, 2003.
*''The Box: An Oral History of Television 1920-1961'', by Jeff Kisseloff. Penguin Books, 1995.
*''The Live Television Generation of Hollywood Film Directors'', by Gorham Kindem. McFarland, 1994.
*''Live Television: The Golden Age of 1946-1958 in New York'', by Frank Sturcken. McFarland, 1990.
*''Golden Age of Television: Notes from the Survivors'', by [[Max Wilk]]. Moyer Bell Limited, 1989.
*''Where Have I Been? An Autobiography'', by Sid Caesar with Bill Davidson, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1982.

==See also==
*[[Event television]]
*[[Video chat]]
*[[Breakfast television]]
*[[Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:History of television]]
[[Category:Television terminology]]
[[Category:Television news]]
[[Category:Live broadcasting|Television]]
[[Category:History of telecommunications]]

[[wa:Live]]