Editing Llamero

{{Short description|Indigenous llama herders}}{{Not confuse|Llanero}}[[File:Llamero de Colquepata - Cuzco.png|thumb|A llamero from [[Paucartambo Province|Paucartambo]], Peru, in 2023.]]
'''Llameros''' (lit. "people who drive llamas"; also known as '''pastores''' or '''caravaneros''') are indigenous peasants who run [[llama]] caravans throughout the [[Andes]] of [[South America]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vilá |first=Bibiana |date=2018 |title=On the Brink of Extinction: Llama Caravans Arriving at the Santa Catalina Fair, Jujuy, Argentina |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2993/0278-0771-38.3.372 |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=372–389 |doi=10.2993/0278-0771-38.3.372 |issn=0278-0771|hdl=11336/97922 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Shimada |first1=Melody |last2=Shimada |first2=Izumi |date=1985 |title=Prehistoric Llama Breeding and Herding on the North Coast of Peru |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/280631 |journal=American Antiquity |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=3–26 |doi=10.2307/280631 |jstor=280631 |issn=0002-7316|url-access=subscription }}</ref> 

During the [[Inca Empire]], llameros were high-ranking officials tasked with managing the emperor's llama and [[alpaca]] herds, and facilitating trade and communication throughout the empire. Nowadays, roads have reduced the need for llameros, and they now mostly serve isolated mountain villages inaccessible by road.<ref group="Documentary">{{cite web |title=LE LLAMERO ET L'ENFANT AU LAMA BLANC |url=http://www.vodeo.tv/documentaire/le-llamero-et-l-enfant-au-lama-blanc |accessdate=18 May 2016 |website=Vodeo.tv |publisher=Vodeo}}</ref> 

== History ==
Llama caravans have been historically used by Andean people for transport of goods and people. With the modernization of transport in Bolivia, as well as climatic and economic changes, llamas have been significantly replaced by motorized vehicles.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

Llameros are usually fluent in [[Quechuan languages|Quechua]] and Spanish. They do not use money for the exchange of goods, instead relying on [[Barter|bartering]] alone. Some groups are composed of family members, including young boys and women.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Vilá |first1=Bibiana |last2=Arzamendia |first2=Yanina |date=2022 |title=South American Camelids: their values and contributions to people |journal=Sustainability Science |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=707–724 |doi=10.1007/s11625-020-00874-y |issn=1862-4065 |pmc=7586864 |pmid=33133295|bibcode=2022SuSc...17..707V }}</ref>

==References==
[[Category:Animal-powered vehicles]]
[[Category:Transport in Peru]]
<references />{{reflist|group=Documentary}}


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