Editing Llanberis

{{short description|Village in North Wales}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                     = Wales
| official_name               = Llanberis
| static_image_name           = Llanberis from above.JPG
| static_image_caption        = Llanberis seen from the bottom of Llanberis Path at the base of [[Snowdon]]
| community_wales             = Llanberis
| unitary_wales               = [[Gwynedd]]
| lieutenancy_wales           = [[Gwynedd]]
| constituency_welsh_assembly = [[Arfon (Assembly constituency)|Arfon]]
| constituency_westminster    = [[Dwyfor Meirionnydd (UK Parliament constituency)|Dwyfor Meirionnydd]]
| post_town                   = CAERNARFON
| postcode_district           = LL55
| postcode_area               = LL
| dial_code                   = 01286
| os_grid_reference           = SH572602
| population                  = 2,026
| population_ref              = (2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/llanberis-w05000078#sthash.rKK2PNaY.dpbs |title=Ward/Community population 2011 |access-date=16 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306193434/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/llanberis-w05000078#sthash.rKK2PNaY.dpbs |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| coordinates                 = {{coord|53.119|-4.131|display=inline,title}}
| module= [[File:Wales Gwynedd Community Llanberis map.svg|240px]]<br />Map of the community
}}
'''Llanberis''' ({{IPA|cy|ɬanˈbɛrɪs|lang|LL-Q9309 (cym)-Jason.nlw-Llanberis.wav}}) is a village, [[community (Wales)|community]] and [[electoral ward]] in [[Gwynedd]], northwest [[Wales]], on the southern bank of the lake {{lang|cy|[[Llyn Padarn]]|italic=no}} and at the foot of [[Snowdon]],<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Llanberis |volume=16 |page=827}}</ref> the highest mountain in [[Wales]]. It is a centre for [[outdoor activity|outdoor activities]] in [[Snowdonia]], including [[walking]], [[mountaineering]], [[climbing]], [[mountain biking]] and [[pony trekking]], as well as [[water sport]]s such as [[scuba diving]]. The community includes [[Nant Peris]].

Llanberis takes its name from {{lang|cy|[[Saint Peris]]|italic=no}}, an early [[Wales|Welsh]] [[saint]].<ref>Parker, Mike; Whitfield, Paul (2003). ''The Rough Guide To Wales''. Rough Guides. p. 501.</ref> It is [[town twinning|twinned]] with the [[Italy|Italian]] town of {{lang|it|[[Morbegno]]|italic=no}} in [[Lombardy]].

==History==
{{see also|Category:People from Llanberis|l1=Notable people from Llanberis}}
The ruins of [[Dolbadarn Castle|{{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no|nocat=y}} Castle]], which were painted by [[Richard Wilson (painter)|Richard Wilson]] and [[J. M. W. Turner]], stand above the village. The 13th century fortress was built by [[Llywelyn the Great|{{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no|nocat=y}} the Great]] and is a grade I [[listed building]].<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999998&workid=75093&searchid=8538 Llanberis Pass, North Wales]. [[Tate|Tate Collection]].</ref>

The church of St {{lang|cy|Padarn|italic=no}} is grade II* listed, as is the chapel of {{lang|cy|Capel Coch|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wales/gwynedd/llanberis |title=Listed Buildings in Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales |publisher=British Listed Buildings |access-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

In the 18th century {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} was the home of the legendary strong woman [[Marged ferch Ifan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Marged Ferch Ifan |url=http://www.caryb.co.uk/Women-MargedFerchIfan.html |publisher=Cary B |access-date=15 July 2014 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
The population of Llanberis in 2021 was 2,023.<ref>[https://www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru/en/Council/Documents---Council/Key-statistics-and-data/Census-2021/Llanberis-S.pdf?form=MG0AV3]</ref>

=== Languages ===
According to the [[2021 United Kingdom census|United Kingdom Census 2021]], 69.5 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Llanberis can speak Welsh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Welsh Language Change in the percentage of people aged three years or older able to speak Welsh by LSOA 2011 to 2021 {{!}} DataMapWales |url=https://datamap.gov.wales/layers/geonode:welsh_language_change_2021 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=datamap.gov.wales |language=en}}</ref> 79.6 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language skills (detailed) - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS032/editions/2021/versions/1 |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> The [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 census]] noted 74.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the village could speak Welsh.<ref name=":0" />

As of October 2018, approximately 56 per cent of pupils in the village's primary school (Ysgol Dolbadarn) spoke Welsh at home.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A report on Ysgol Dolbadarn |url=https://www.estyn.gov.wales/system/files/2021-08/Inspection%20report%20Ysgol%20Dolbadarn%202018.pdf |website=Estyn}}</ref>

=== Country of birth ===
The 2021 Census noted that 96.6 per cent of Llanberis' population was born in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Census - Demography and migration - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/home/release_group.asp?g=33 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref> The 2011 Census noted that 97.2 per cent of the population was born in the United Kingdom; 73.6 per cent of the population was born in Wales and 22.4 per cent of the population born in England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS204EW (Country of birth) - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks204ew |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>

=== Identity ===
According to the 2011 Census, 67.4 per cent of the population noted that they had Welsh-only national identity, with 26.1 per cent noting that they had no Welsh national identity at all.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ward and area profiles |url=https://www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru/en/Council/Key-statistics-and-data/Ward-and-area-profiles.aspx |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru}}</ref> According to the 2021 Census, 64.8 per cent of the population noted that they had Welsh-only national identity.

==Local attractions==
Places of interest in and near the village include the [[Snowdon Mountain Railway]], the [[National Slate Museum]], the [[Llanberis Lake Railway|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Lake Railway]], {{lang|cy|Llyn Padarn|italic=no}} [[country park]] and [[Electric Mountain]]. Tours of [[Dinorwig Power Station|{{lang|cy|Dinorwig|italic=no|nocat=y}} Power Station]] are also available from a purpose-built visitor centre.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/2009/04/11/things-to-do-this-easter-91466-23362714/ |title=Things to do this Easter |publisher=[[WalesOnline]] }}</ref>

The village is a common starting point for ascents of Snowdon along the [[Llanberis Path|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Path]]. Although it is the longest route, it is the least strenuous ascent, largely following the line of the Snowdon Mountain Railway.<ref name="Barnes">{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=David |year=2005 |title=The Companion Guide to Wales |publisher=[[Companion Guides]] |isbn=978-1-900639-43-9 |chapter=Caernarfonshire: Eifionydd; Llŷn; Arfon |pages=279–315}}</ref> This makes it the most popular walking route on the mountain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://snowdonia-npa.gov.uk/page/screen.php?nav1=recreation&nav2=11&nav3=2&nav4=&nav5=1&level=1&lang=eng|title=Snowdonia National Park website}}</ref>

[[Dolbadarn Castle]], a fortification built by the Welsh prince {{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no}} the Great during the early 13th century, is located at the base of the [[Llanberis Pass|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Pass]]. The castle was important militarily and as a symbol of {{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no}}'s power and authority. It features a large stone [[keep]], which historian Richard Avent considers "the finest surviving example of a Welsh round tower".<ref>{{cite book |last=Avent |first=Richard |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajf5AAAACAAJ |title=Dolwyddelan Castle, Dolbadarn Castle, Castel y Bere |location=Cardiff |publisher=[[Cadw]] |isbn=978-1-85760-205-0}}</ref> In 1284 {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no}} was taken by [[Edward I of England]], who removed some of its timbers to build his [[Caernarfon Castle|new castle]] at {{lang|cy|[[Caernarfon]]|italic=no}}. {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no}} was used as a [[manor house]] for some years, before falling into ruin. In the 18th and 19th century it was a popular destination for painters interested in [[Sublime (philosophy)|Sublime]] and [[Picturesque]] landscapes. It is now owned by {{lang|cy|[[Cadw]]|italic=no}} and managed as a [[tourist attraction]], and is protected as a grade I [[listed building]].

{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} [[Mountain Rescue]] Team deals with 150–200 incidents a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/about |title=About Llanberis MRT |publisher=Llanberis Mountain Rescue Team |access-date=8 August 2013 }}</ref>

[[List of film festivals in Europe#Wales|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Mountain Film Festival]], which is held in annually in February, began in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2008/02/11/fifth-film-festival-set-for-llanberis-55578-20459748/ |title=Fifth film festival set for Llanberis |last=Crump |first=Eryl |work=[[Daily Post (North Wales)|Daily Post]] |date=11 February 2008 |access-date=18 August 2018 }}</ref> It was placed on hiatus in 2019 due to a lack of funding.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Things to do in Llanberis in 2019 |url=https://www.walkupsnowdon.co.uk/days-out-in-snowdonia-best-things-to-do-in-llanberis-in-2019/ |website=Walk Up Snowdon.co.uk |date=30 December 2018 |access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref>

It is the home of the Slateman Triathlon which runs in early summer each year. It attracts over 2,000 triathletes and many more spectators over two days. It is a mountain triathlon which begins in {{lang|cy|Llyn Padarn|italic=no}}, follows on the bike up to {{lang|cy|[[Capel Curig]]|italic=no}}, and finishes with a run in the Snowdonian mountains.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/snowdonia-slateman-triathlon-set-attract-11306820 |title=Snowdonia Slateman Triathlon set to attract huge crowds to Gwynedd |first=David |last=Powell |work=[[Daily Post (North Wales)|Daily Post]] |date=9 May 2016 |access-date=18 August 2018 }}</ref> It is also the start and finish of the [[Snowdonia Marathon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snowdoniamarathon.co.uk/ |title=Snowdonia Marathon Eryri |publisher={{lang|cy|Marathon Eryri Cyf|italic=no}} |access-date=6 December 2017 }}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Llanberis Lake Railway|collapse=yes}}
Bus services to {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} are provided by [[Arriva Buses Wales]] and {{lang|cy|Gwynfor|italic=no}} Coaches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gwynedd.gov.uk/en/Residents/Parking-roads-and-travel/Bus-timetables/Bus-timetables.aspx |title=Bus timetables |publisher=[[Gwynedd County Council]] |access-date=18 August 2018 }}</ref> Former operator [[Padarn Bus]], which went into receivership in 2014, was based in the town and ran several routes to it,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsnorthwales.co.uk/news/134232/llanberis-based-bus-company-to-end-services-with-the-loss-of-around-80-jobs.aspx |title=- Llanberis-based bus company to end services with the loss of around 80 jobs |access-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113914/http://www.newsnorthwales.co.uk/news/134232/llanberis-based-bus-company-to-end-services-with-the-loss-of-around-80-jobs.aspx |archive-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> including a number of [[open-top bus|open-top]] routes.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Clark|first=Rhodri|title=Welsh takeover with a difference|magazine=Buses|pages=34–36|date=July 2009|issue=652}}</ref> Another local bus company, [[Express Motors]], based in {{lang|cy|[[Penygroes, Gwynedd|Penygroes]]|italic=no}}, ran services to {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} but had its bus licence revoked in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cambrian-news.co.uk/article.cfm?id=116017&headline=Two%20family-run%20companies%20have%20bus%20licences%20revoked&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2017 |title=Two family-run companies have bus licences revoked |first=Antony |last=Gedge |work=[[Cambrian News]] |date=24 August 2017 |access-date=18 August 2018 }}</ref>

The village used to be served by [[Llanberis railway station (London and North Western Railway)|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} railway station]] on a [[Carnarvon and Llanberis Railway|branch line]] of the [[Carnarvonshire Railway]]. Passenger services ceased in 1932; freight continued until closure in 1964.<ref>Baughan, Peter E. (1980). ''North and mid Wales''. David & Charles. p. 105.</ref> The [[heritage railway|heritage]] [[Snowdon Mountain Railway]] and [[Llanberis Lake Railway|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Lake Railway]] both have stations in the town, but serve primarily as tourist attractions rather than local transport links.

== Notable people ==
* [[Griffith Williams (Gutyn Peris)|Griffith Williams]] (1769–1838), bardic name ''Gutyn Peris'', a Welsh language poet, brought up in Llanberis
* [[Annie Foulkes]] (1877-1962) a writer and teacher of French.
* [[Thomas Rowland Hughes]] (1903–1949), broadcaster, dramatist and poet.
* [[Marc Lloyd Williams]] (born 1973) a former footballer with 576 club caps and the Welsh Premier League's all-time top scorer with 319 goals; brought up in Llanberis

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
(Barcelona) View across Llanberis Lake toward Snowdon c.1799-1800 - William Turner - Tate Britain.jpg| ''View across Llanberis Lake toward Snowdon'' c.1799-1800 - [[William Turner (painter)|William Turner]] - [[Tate Britain]]
Llanberris & Snowden, Caernarvonshire.jpeg|Llanberris, {{circa|1850}}
St. Padarns Church, Llanberis (geograph 2803408).jpg|[[St Padarn's Church, Llanberis|St {{lang|cy|Padarn|italic=no|nocat=y}}'s church]]
Llanberis Station 2004.jpg|left|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} Station forecourt
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Llanberis Pass|{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Pass]]
* [[St Padarn's Church, Llanberis|St {{lang|cy|Padarn|italic=no|nocat=y}}'s Church, {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}}]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Llanberis}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.llanberis.com/ Llanberis' Website]
* [https://snowdoniatourism.co.uk/llanberis/ Llanberis Tourism]
* [http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/ Llanberis Mountain Rescue – Online home of the country's busiest mountain rescue team]
* [https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=3490539 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Llanberis and surrounding area]

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[[Category:Llanberis]]
[[Category:Villages in Gwynedd]]