Editing Long-jawed orb weaver

{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|present}}
| name = Long-jawed orb-weavers
| image = Metellina mengei (aka).jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = ''[[Metellina mengei]]''
| image2 = Long-jawed orb-weaver spider (Tetragnatha montana) female.jpg
| image2_caption = ''[[Tetragnatha montana]]'', female
| taxon = Tetragnathidae
| authority = [[Anton Menge|Menge]], 1866
| range_map = Distribution.tetragnathidae.1.png
| range_map_upright = 1.15
| diversity = [[#Genera|50 genera]], [[List of Tetragnathidae species|989 species]]
}}

'''Long-jawed orb weavers''' or '''long jawed spiders''' ('''Tetragnathidae''') are a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described by [[Anton Menge]] in 1866.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Menge| first=Anton| year=1866| title=Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung| journal=Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.)| volume=1}}</ref> They have elongated bodies, legs, and [[chelicerae]], and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long [[vegetation]] near water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gould |first1=John |last2=García |first2=Luis Fernando |last3=Valdez |first3=Jose. W. |title=Water webbing: Long‐jawed spider (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) produces webs that touch the surface of ephemeral waterbodies |journal=Ethology |date=March 2023 |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=182–185 |doi=10.1111/eth.13355 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eth.13355|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Systematics==
{{Main|List of Tetragnathidae species}}
[[File:Opadometa fastigata of Kadavoor.jpg|thumb|''[[Opadometa fastigata]]'' in [[Kerala]]]]
[[File:Tetragnatha montana - 2013-06-08.webm|thumb|Mating behaviour of ''[[Tetragnatha montana]]'']]
[[File:LogJawed SilverSiders.webm|thumb|thumbtime=141|right|Pair of [[Tetragnatha laboriosa|silver long-jawed orb weaver spider]]s interacting, laying silk and losing the [[cranefly]] they were consuming to [[Formicidae|ant]]s.]]

{{as of|2021|03}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following extant genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2021-03-06| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/99}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Allende (spider)|Allende]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, 2007</small> — Chile, Argentina
*''[[Antillognatha]]'' <small>Bryant, 1945</small> — Hispaniola
*''[[Atelidea]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small> — Sri Lanka
*''[[Azilia]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1881</small> — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
*''[[Chrysometa]]'' <small>Simon, 1894</small> — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
*''[[Cyrtognatha]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1881</small> — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
*''[[Dianleucauge]]'' <small>Song & Zhu, 1994</small> — China
*''[[Diphya]]'' <small>Nicolet, 1849</small> — Asia, South America, Africa
*''[[Dolichognatha]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869</small> — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
*''[[Doryonychus]]'' <small>Simon, 1900</small> — Hawaii
*''[[Dyschiriognatha]]'' <small>Simon, 1893</small> — Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
*''[[Glenognatha]]'' <small>Simon, 1887</small> — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
*''[[Harlanethis]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020</small> —  Australia (Queensland)
*''[[Hispanognatha]]'' <small>Bryant, 1945</small> — Hispaniola
*''[[Homalometa]]'' <small>Simon, 1898</small> — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
*''[[Iamarra]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020</small> — Australia (Queensland) 
*''[[Leucauge]]'' <small>White, 1841</small> (including ''Opas'') — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
*''[[Leucognatha]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 1992</small> — Azores, Kenya, Tanzania
*''[[Mesida]]'' <small>Kulczyński, 1911</small> — Oceania, Asia, Africa
*''[[Meta (spider)|Meta]]'' <small>C. L. Koch, 1836</small> — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
*''[[Metabus (spider)|Metabus]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899</small> — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
*''[[Metellina]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941</small> — Africa, Asia, Canada
*''[[Metleucauge]]'' <small>Levi, 1980</small> — Asia, United States
*''[[Mitoscelis]]'' <small>Thorell, 1890</small> — Indonesia
*''[[Mollemeta]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, 2007</small> — Chile
*''[[Nanningia]]'' <small>Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</small>
*''[[Nanometa]]'' <small>Simon, 1908</small> — Australia
*''[[Neoprolochus]]'' <small>Reimoser, 1927</small> — Indonesia
*''[[Okileucauge]]'' <small>Tanikawa, 2001</small> — China, Japan
*''[[Orsinome]]'' <small>Thorell, 1890</small> — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
*''[[Pachygnatha]]'' <small>Sundevall, 1823</small> — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
*''[[Parameta]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small> — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
*''[[Parazilia]]'' <small>Lessert, 1938</small> — Congo
*''[[Pholcipes]]'' <small>Schmidt & Krause, 1993</small> — Comoros
*''[[Pickardinella]]'' <small>Archer, 1951</small> — Mexico
*''[[Pinkfloydia]]'' <small>Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011</small> — Australia
*''[[Sancus (spider)|Sancus]]'' <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> — Kenya, Tanzania
*''[[Schenkeliella]]'' <small>Strand, 1934</small> — Sri Lanka
*''[[Taraire]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Tawhai]]'' <small>Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Tetragnatha]]'' <small>Latreille, 1804</small> — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
*''[[Timonoe]]'' <small>Thorell, 1898</small> — Myanmar
*''[[Tylorida]]'' <small>Simon, 1894</small> — Asia, Africa, Oceania
*''[[Wolongia]]'' <small>Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997</small> — China
*''[[Zhinu (spider)|Zhinu]]'' <small>Kallal & Hormiga, 2018</small> — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
*''[[Zygiometella]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 1995</small> — Israel
{{div col end}}

===Fossil genera===
Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:<ref name=dunlop2018>Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
* †''[[Anameta]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2004</small> ([[Palaeogene]], [[Bitterfield amber|Bitterfield]] and [[Baltic amber]])
* †''[[Balticgnatha]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2004</small> (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †''[[Corneometa]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2004</small> (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †''[[Eometa]]'' <small>Petrunkevitch, 1958</small> (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †''[[Huergnina]]'' <small>Selden & Penney, 2003</small> ([[Cretaceous]], [[La Huérguina Formation|Las Hoyas, Spain]])
* †''[[Macryphantes]]'' <small>Selden, 1990</small> (Cretaceous)
* †''[[Palaeometa]]'' <small>Petrunkevitch, 1922</small> (Palaeogene, [[Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument|Florissant]])
* †''[[Palaeopachygnatha]]'' <small>Petrunkevitch, 1922</small> (Palaeogene, Florissant)
* †''[[Priscometa]]'' <small>Petrunkevitch, 1958</small> (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †''[[Samlandicmeta]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 2012</small> (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
{{div col end}}

===Formerly placed here===
* ''[[Deliochus]]'' <small>Simon, 1894</small> – now in [[Araneidae]]
* ''Eryciniolia'' <small>Strand, 1912</small> – now a synonym of ''[[Nanometa]]''
* ''Menosira'' <small>Chikuni, 1955</small> – now a synonym of ''[[Metellina]]''
* ''Nediphya'' <small>Marusik & Omelko, 2017</small> – now a synonym of ''[[Nanometa]]''
* ''[[Phonognatha]]'' <small>Simon, 1894</small> – now in Araneidae
* ''Prolochus'' <small>Thorell, 1895</small> – see ''[[Dolichognatha]]''

==See also==
A few spiders in this family include:
*[[List of Tetragnathidae species]]
*''[[Leucauge mariana]]''
*''[[Leucauge argyra]]''
*''[[Leucauge venusta]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of ''Mecynometa globosa'' (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). ''[[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]]'' 70:180–183. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060928163951/http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/70/70-180.pdf PDF]

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tetragnathidae}}
{{Wikispecies|Tetragnathidae}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Tetragnathidae/2799 Tree of Life Tetragnathidae]
* [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_longjawed_orb_weaver.htm ''Tatragnatha sp''.] Large format diagnostic photographs and information
* [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_Tetragnathid.htm Reference Photos: ''Tetragnatha laboriosa'']
* [http://cirrusimage.com/spider_Venusta_Orchard.htm Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae]
* [http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=11645 Pictures of ''Tetragnatha sp.''] (free for noncommercial use)

{{Araneae}}
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[[Category:Tetragnathidae|*]]
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