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{{Short description|Azerbaijani scientist (1921–2017)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox scientist | image = Lotfi Zadeh Berkeley c.jpg | caption = Zadeh in 2016 | birth_name = Lotfi Aliasgerzadeh | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|2|4|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|9|6|1921|2|4|df=yes}}<ref name=ucbnews /><ref name=ap>{{cite news | author = <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> | date = 2017-09-12 | title = Lotfi Zadeh dead: Computing revolutionary and founder of fuzzy logic dies aged 96 | url = https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/lotfi-zadeh-dead-computing-revolutionary-founder-fuzzy-logic-dies-aged-96-1638636 | url-status = live | work = [[International Business Times]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130075114/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/lotfi-zadeh-dead-computing-revolutionary-founder-fuzzy-logic-dies-aged-96-1638636 | archive-date = 2021-11-30 | access-date = 2021-12-02 | quote = Lotfali Rahim Oglu Asgarzadeh, better known as Lotfi A. Zadeh, was an Iranian mathematician, artificial intelligence researcher and professor of computer science at the University of California. He died on 6 September at 7.30 am it was confirmed by close friend.}}</ref> | death_place = [[Berkeley, California]], US<ref name=nytobit>{{cite news | last1 = Metz | first1 = Cade | date = 2017-09-11 | title = Lotfi Zadeh, Father of Mathematical 'Fuzzy Logic,' Dies at 96 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/science/lotfi-zadeh-father-of-mathematical-fuzzy-logic-dies-at-96.html | url-status = live | url-access = subscription | work = [[The New York Times]] | language = en-us | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211201222155/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/science/lotfi-zadeh-father-of-mathematical-fuzzy-logic-dies-at-96.html | archive-date = 2021-12-01 | access-date = 2021-12-02 | issn = 0362-4331 | eissn = 1553-8095 | oclc = 1645522 | quote = Lotfi Zadeh, the computer scientist and electrical engineer whose theories of "fuzzy logic" rippled across academia and industry, influencing everything from linguistics, economics and medicine to air-conditioners, vacuum cleaners and rice cookers, died on Wednesday at his home in Berkeley, Calif. He was 96.}}</ref> | field = {{ublist | [[Artificial intelligence]] | [[Computer science]] | [[Electrical engineering]] | [[Mathematics]]}} | work_institution = [[University of California, Berkeley]] | alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Tehran]] | [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] | [[Columbia University]]}} | doctoral_advisor = [[John R. Ragazzini]] | doctoral_students = {{ublist | [[Joseph Goguen]] | [[John Yen]]}} | thesis_title = Frequency analysis of variable networks | thesis_year = 1949 | thesis_url = http://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/1502694 | known_for = Founder of [[fuzzy mathematics]], <br /> [[fuzzy set]] theory, and [[fuzzy logic]], Z numbers, [[Z-transform]] | awards = [[Eringen Medal]] {{small|(1976)}}<br />[[IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal|IEEE Hamming Medal]] {{small|(1992)}}<ref name=ucbnews /><br />[[Rufus Oldenburger Medal]] <small>(1993)</small><br />[[IEEE Medal of Honor]] {{small|(1995)}}<ref name=ucbnews /><br />2012 [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards|BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]]<br /> [[Honorary Doctorate]] of [[Tehran University]] (2016)<ref name="UT"/> <br /> [[Association for Computing Machinery#Fellows|ACM Fellow]] <br /> [[IEEE Fellow]] <br /> [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences|AAAS]] Fellow <br /> [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence|AAAI]] Fellow<br /> Member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]]<br /> Founding Member of Eurasian Academy | spouse = Fay Zadeh | children = 2, including [[Norman Zada]] | footnotes = }} '''Lotfi Aliasger Zadeh'''<ref name="NAE"/> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ɑː|d|eɪ}}; {{langx|az|Lütfi Rəhim oğlu Ələsgərzadə}};<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://diaspora.gov.az/index.php?options=content&id=619 |title=Diasporla İş üzrə Dövlət Komitəsi<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2014-06-07 |archive-date=2014-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704184103/http://diaspora.gov.az/index.php?options=content&id=619 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{langx|fa|لطفی علیعسکرزاده}};<ref name="UT">{{cite web|title=Granting honorary doctorate from Tehran University to professor Lotfizadeh|url=http://ut.ac.ir/fa/news/3017/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87|website=Official website of [[University of Tehran]] (UT)|access-date=1 July 2017|location=Tehran, Iran|language=fa|date=March 9, 2016|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116022537/https://ut.ac.ir/fa/news/3017/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87|url-status=live}}</ref> 4 February 1921 – 6 September 2017)<ref name=ucbnews /><ref name=ap /> was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer, artificial intelligence researcher, and professor<ref name=cv /> of [[computer science]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. <!-- THE QUESTION OF THE SUBJECT'S ETHNICITY AND NATIONALITY IS COMPLEX, AND IS COVERED IN THE BODY OF THE ARTICLE. PLEASE DO NOT TRY TO PUT AN OVER-SIMPLIFIED VERSION INTO THE LEDE SECTION. THANK YOU. --> Zadeh is best known for proposing [[fuzzy mathematics]], consisting of several ''fuzzy''-related concepts: [[fuzzy set]]s,<ref name="FuzzySets1965" /> [[fuzzy logic]],<ref name="FuzzyLogicEqualIEEE1996" /> fuzzy algorithms,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zadeh |first1=L.A. |author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh |author-mask=1 |date=1968-02-01 |title=Fuzzy algorithms |journal=[[Information and Computation|Information and Control]] |language=en |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |publication-place=San Diego, California |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1016/S0019-9958(68)90211-8 |doi-access=free |issn=0019-9958 |lccn=59047612 |oclc=871736339}}</ref> fuzzy semantics,<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0020-0255(71)80004-X| title=Quantitative fuzzy semantics| journal=Information Sciences| volume = 3| issue = 2| pages = 159–176| year=1971| last1=Zadeh |first1=L.A.| author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh |author-mask=1}}</ref> fuzzy languages,<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/0020-0255(69)90025-5| title=Note on fuzzy languages| journal=Information Sciences| volume=1| issue=4| pages=421–434| year=1969| last1=Lee| first1=E. T. |last2=Zadeh |first2=L. A. |author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh |author2-mask=1}}</ref> [[Fuzzy control system|fuzzy control]],<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1115/1.3426540| title=A Rationale for Fuzzy Control| journal=Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control| volume=94| page=3| year=1972| last1=Zadeh |first1=L. A.| author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh |author-mask=1}}</ref> [[fuzzy systems]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Toward a theory of fuzzy systems |last1=Zadeh |first1=L. |author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh |author-mask=1 |date=1969 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690027655.pdf |access-date=18 October 2014 |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022155253/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690027655.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> fuzzy probabilities,<ref name="doi10.1016/0306-45738490067-0">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1016/0306-4573(84)90067-0| title=Fuzzy probabilities| journal=Information Processing & Management| volume=20| issue=3| pages=363–372| year=1984| last1=Zadeh| first1=L. A.| author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh| author-mask=1}}</ref> fuzzy events,<ref name="doi10.1016/0306-45738490067-0"/> and fuzzy information.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi=10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00077-8| title=Toward a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic| journal=Fuzzy Sets and Systems| volume=90| issue=2| pages=111–127| year=1997| last1=Zadeh| first1=L. A.| author-link1=Lotfi A. Zadeh| author-mask=1}}</ref> Zadeh was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy.<ref name=ucbnews /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eurasia-academy.org/?page_id=54%2F |title=Eurasian Academy Official Site |access-date=2021-05-12 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621220757/http://eurasia-academy.org/?page_id=54%2F |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Early life and career== === Azerbaijan === Zadeh was born in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan SSR]],<!--DO NOT ADD "SOVIET UNION" HERE, PLEASE READ FOOTNOTE--><ref>At this time, the [[Azerbaijan SSR]] was an independent republic, created by the [[Red Army]]. It would become part of the [[Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]] in March 1922, and then part of the [[Soviet Union]] in December 1922.</ref> as '''Lotfi Aliasgerzadeh'''.<ref name=FL17>[[#McNeil|McNeil & Freiberger]], p. 17</ref> His father was Rahim Aleskerzade, an [[Iranian Azerbaijanis|Iranian Muslim Azerbaijani]]<ref>Blair, Betty (winter 1994) "Interview with Lotfi Zadeh" Azerbaijan International. "Obstinacy and tenacity. Not being afraid to get embroiled in controversy. That's very much a Turkish tradition. That's part of my character, too" http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_fuzzylogic.html</ref> journalist from [[Ardabil]] on assignment from Iran, and his mother was Fanya (Feyga<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh">{{cite magazine |last1=Samad |first1=Mohbaddin |title=A Phenomenon in Modern Science or Who Are You Lotfi Zadeh? |url=http://www.visions.az/en/news/49/2bbd742d/ |access-date=30 November 2021 |magazine=Visions of Azerbaijan Magazine |volume=4 |issue=2 |date=Summer 2009 |language=en |quote=...mother Feyga and wife Faina...wife Faina, son Norman and daughter Stella...mother Feyga, father Rahim...(Mohbaddin Samad is the screen writer of the documentary film Far and Near Lotfi Zadeh (in Azerbaijani and English) and the author of a book about Lotfi Zadeh, The World Cannot Survive Without Geniuses)}}</ref>) Korenman, a [[Jewish]] [[pediatrician]] from [[Odesa, Ukraine]], who was an Iranian citizen.<ref name="ScienceDirect.com 2015">{{cite journal |title=Fuzzy logic—a personal perspective |date=2015-05-21 |doi=10.1016/j.fss.2015.05.009 |volume=281 |pages=4–20 |journal=Fuzzy Sets and Systems| last1=Zadeh |first1=Lotfi A.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jinfo.org/Computer_Info_Science.html "Jews in Computer & Information Science"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513125715/http://www.jinfo.org/Computer_Info_Science.html |date=2013-05-13 }} on the JINFO.org website</ref><ref>[http://alamjurnal.com/stati/262-zhanet-selimova Анвар Унугви "Жанет Селимова"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193842/http://alamjurnal.com/stati/262-zhanet-selimova |date=2014-07-14 }} (Memoirs of Lotfi A. Zadeh's cousin in Baku, theatrical director, professor Zhanet Selimova).</ref><ref name=bookrags>Gale, Thomson. [http://www.bookrags.com/biography/lotfi-asker-zadeh-wcs/ Lotfi Asker Zadeh Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115180256/http://www.bookrags.com/biography/lotfi-asker-zadeh-wcs/ |date=2010-01-15 }} ''World of Computer Science''</ref> The Soviet government at this time courted foreign correspondents, and the family lived well while in Baku.<ref name=FL18>[[#McNeil|McNeil & Freiberger]], p. 18</ref> Zadeh attended elementary school for three years there,<ref name=FL18 /> which he said "had a significant and long-lasting influence on my thinking and my way of looking at things."<ref name=blair99>{{cite magazine | last1 = Blair | first1 = Betty | date = Winter 1994 | url = https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/74_folder/74.articles/74_zadeh.html | title = Famous People: Then and Now {{!}} Lotfi Zadeh | magazine = [[Azerbaijan International]] | pages = 28–29 | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231208181813/https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/74_folder/74.articles/74_zadeh.html | archive-date = 2023-12-08 | access-date = 2024-02-06 | issn = 1075-086X | quote = What experiences and interests in childhood would you say shaped your life and career? I went through the first three grades of elementary school in Baku. Those three years - from age 7 to 10 - had a significant and long-lasting influence on my thinking and my way of looking at things.}}</ref> === Iran === In 1931, when Stalin began agricultural collectivization,<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> and Zadeh was ten, his father moved his family back to [[Tehran]], Iran. Zadeh was enrolled in [[Alborz High School]], a missionary school,<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> where he was educated for the next eight years, and where he met his future wife,<ref name=FL18 /> Fay (Faina<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/>) Zadeh, who said that he was "deeply influenced" by the "extremely decent, fine, honest and helpful" [[Presbyterian church|Presbyterian]] missionaries from the United States who ran the college. "To me they represented the best that you could find in the United States – people from the Midwest with strong roots. They were really 'Good Samaritans' – willing to give of themselves for the benefit of others. So this kind of attitude influenced me deeply. It also instilled in me a deep desire to live in the United States."<ref name=blair99 /> During this time, Zadeh was awarded several [[patents]].<ref name=FL18 /> Zadeh sat for the Iran national university exams and placed third in the nation.<ref name=FL18 /> As a student, he ranked first in his class in his first two years. In 1942, he graduated from the [[University of Tehran]] with a degree in [[electrical engineering]], one of only three students in that field to graduate that year, due to the turmoil created by [[World War II]], when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union invaded Iran. Over 30,000 American soldiers were based there, and Zadeh worked with his father, who did business with them as a contractor for hardware and building materials.<ref name=FL19>[[#McNeil|McNeil & Freiberger]], p. 19</ref> === United States === In 1943, Zadeh decided to leave for the United States to continue his education.<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> He travelled to [[Philadelphia]] by way of [[Cairo]] after months of delay waiting first for the proper papers and later for the right ship to appear.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} He arrived in mid-1944, lived in New York and worked for an electronic association,<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> and entered the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) as a graduate student in September that year.<ref name=FL19 /><ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> While in the United States, he shortened his family name, creating a new middle name from the part he removed, and was thenceforth known as Lotfi Aliasker Zadeh.<ref name=FL17 /> He received an [[Master of Science|MS degree]] in electrical engineering from MIT in 1946. In 1947, as his parents had settled in [[New York City]], Zadeh went to work as an engineer at Columbia University.<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> Zadeh then applied to [[Columbia University]].<ref name=FL19 /><ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> Columbia admitted him as a doctoral student and offered him an instructorship as well.<ref name=FL19 /> He received his [[PhD]] in electrical engineering from Columbia in 1949 and became an assistant professor the next year.<ref name=bookrags/><ref name=FL19 /> Zadeh taught for ten years at Columbia and was promoted to [[full professor]] in 1957. The chairman of the electronic engineering department at the University of California, wrote and offered him work.<ref name="visions.az-Samad-Zadeh"/> In 1959, Zadeh joined the Electrical Engineering faculty at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. During his lengthy research career, Zadeh made important scientific contributions in two distinct areas: (1) linear system theory and classical control systems, and (2) fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and related science and technology. Zadeh was awarded a [[List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1967|Guggenheim Fellowship in 1967]] for Natural Sciences in Applied Mathematics.<ref name="gf.org-fellows-Zadeh">{{cite web |title=Lotfi A. Zadeh |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/lotfi-a-zadeh/ |website=[[John Simon Guggenheim Foundation]] |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> Zadeh's first important research contribution, well known among scholars of his generation in the electrical engineering community, was in the area of classical control systems. His pioneer work, co-authored with [[Charles Desoer]], ''Linear System Theory: The State Space Approach,'' laid a critical foundation for all modern approaches to system analysis and control.<ref>Zadeh, Lotfi and Desoer, Charles, ''Linear System Theory: The State Space Approach,'' Courier Dover Publications, 2008 (reprint).</ref> The second and more well-known contribution of Zadeh's research is his lifelong dedication to the creation, enhancement and the real-world impacts of a broad collection of science and technology based on fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. He published his seminal work on [[fuzzy sets]] in 1965, in which he described the motivation of replicating human-like reasoning and detailed the mathematics of fuzzy set theory. In 1973 he proposed his theory of [[fuzzy logic]]. Together, fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic provide the necessary foundations for a broad class of related innovations, including (but not limited to): * fuzzy control – a practical approach to non-linear control using fuzzy if-then rules in fuzzy logic * fuzzy pattern recognition – a generalization of conventional pattern recognition techniques using fuzzy sets (e.g., fuzzy k-means generalizes k-means clustering) * fuzzy database – generalizes classical database query language using fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic * fuzzy mathematics – generalizes conventional mathematics using fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic * [[neuro-fuzzy]] systems – a synergistic combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks, providing the first interpretable AI system based on neural network learning He was also on the Board of Governors for International Neural Network Society (INNS) in 2003. ==Impacts to higher education== Zadeh became the Chair of Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1963. One of the lasting impacts of his leadership in this role is the expansion and the integration of computer science. He initiated and completed (in 1968) the transformation of the Electrical Engineering department at UC Berkeley to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS). This strategic move not only led UC Berkeley's advancement into the top ranks of computer science education and research, but also led other research universities globally to add computer science to their electrical engineering departments. In 1973, Zadeh received the prestigious (Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers) IEEE Education Award, largely in recognition of his performance as chair of EE and then EECS. Other important services to UC Berkeley include his Academic Senate committee memberships: Academic Planning & Resource Allocation (1992–95); Committees (1969–70; 1980–81); Courses of Instruction (1975–80); and Faculty Awards (1990–92). Professor Zadeh graduated more than 50 PhD students, many of whom went on to become leaders in various areas of engineering, management and information sciences.<ref>[https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/in-memoriam/files/lotfi-a-zadeh.html Lotfi A Zadeh], Academic Senate, [[University of California]]</ref> ==Personal life and beliefs== {{external media | float = right | width = | topic = <!--centered italic text--->Photographs | caption = <!-- text placed left or right of headerimage ---> | headerimage= <!--search commons please include "|alt= text" and x-height in px "|x20px" example [[File:YouTube Logo 2017.svg|alt=YouTube logo|x20px|left]] or ...|right]] ---> | title = | image1 =[https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/12/arts/11zadeh-obit-1/11zadeh-obit-1-jumbo.jpg Zadeh, at his office, with camera, 1988]<ref name=nytobit/> | image2 =[<!-- https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59c163f4bb13930f490faafa/master/w_1600,c_limit/Roberts-Lotfi-Zadeh.jpg -->https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Lotfi-Zadeh-Computer-Science-Division-Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Sciences-UC-Berkeley.jpg Zadeh, self-portrait]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Siobhan |title=Remembering Lotfi Zadeh, the Inventor of Fuzzy Logic |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/remembering-lotfi-zadeh-the-inventor-of-fuzzy-logic |access-date=30 November 2021 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=19 September 2017}}</ref> | image3 = [https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Claude-Shannon-Information-Theory-MIT.jpg Claude Shannon, by Zadeh]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/> | image4 = [https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Edgar-Varese-Composer-Electronic-Music.jpg Edgar Varese, by Zadeh]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/> | image5 = [https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Fay-Zadeh-Wife-of-Lotfi-Zadeh.jpg Fay Zadeh, by Zadeh]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/> | image6 = [https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Lotfi-n-Fay.jpg Fay and Lotfi, by Zadeh]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/> | image7 = [https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Rahim-Zadeh-Father-of-Lotfi-Zadeh.jpg Rahim Zadeh, by Zadeh]<ref name="zadeh-portraits"/> }} Zadeh photographed people around him.<ref name="zadeh-portraits">{{cite web |last1=Crowley |first1=Magdalene L. |title=Portraits by Lotfi Zadeh |url=https://newsletter.eecs.berkeley.edu/2018/02/zadeh-portraits/ |website=EECS Department Newsletter |publisher=UC Berkeley |access-date=30 November 2021 |date=27 February 2018}}</ref> {{anchor|Nationality}} Zadeh was called "quick to shrug off nationalism, insisting there are much deeper issues in life", and was quoted as saying in an interview: "The question really isn't whether I'm American, Russian, Iranian, Azerbaijani, or anything else. I've been shaped by all these people and cultures, and I feel quite comfortable among all of them."<ref name="Blaire_Short_Biographical">{{cite magazine | last1 = Blair | first1 = Betty | date = Winter 1994 | url = https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_zadeh.html | title = Lotfi Zadeh {{!}} Short Biographical Sketch | magazine = [[Azerbaijan International]] | pages = 49 | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231204143910/https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_zadeh.html | archive-date = 2023-12-04 | access-date = 2024-02-06 | issn = 1075-086X | quote = He's quick to shrug off nationalism, insisting there are much deeper issues in life. "The question really isn't whether I'm American, Russian, Iranian, Azerbaijani, or anything else," he'll tell you. "I've been shaped by all these people and cultures and I feel quite comfortable among all of them."}}</ref> He noted in the same interview: "Obstinacy and tenacity, not being afraid to get embroiled in controversy – that's very much a Turkish tradition. That's part of my character, too. I can be very stubborn. That has probably been beneficial for the development of fuzzy logic."<ref name="Blaire_Interview">{{cite magazine | last1 = Blair | first1 = Betty | date = Winter 1994 | url = https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_fuzzylogic.html | title = Interview with Lotfi Zadeh {{!}} Creator of Fuzzy Logic | magazine = [[Azerbaijan International]] | pages = 46–47, 50 | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240205084733/https://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_fuzzylogic.html | archive-date = 2024-02-05 | access-date = 2024-02-06 | issn = 1075-086X | quote = And what about the influence from Azerbaijanis? [...] Obstinacy and tenacity. Not being afraid to get embroiled in controversy. That's very much a Turkish tradition. That's part of my character, too. I can be very stubborn. That's probably been beneficial for the development of Fuzzy Logic.}}</ref> He described himself as "an American, mathematically oriented, electrical engineer of Iranian descent, born in Russia."<ref name=bookrags /> He and his wife Fay Zadeh had two children, Stella and [[Norman Zada]]. His wife wrote a book, ''My Life and Travels with the Father of Fuzzy Logic''<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Zadeh | first1 = Fay | title = My Life and Travels with the Father of Fuzzy Logic | publisher = [[John Asimakopoulos#Transformative Studies Institute|TSI Press]] | date = 1998 | isbn = 978-1889335056 | oclc = 40252107 | ol = OL12186678M }}</ref> about their travels and experiences together, visiting "exotic places" and meeting interesting people around the world. Zadeh died in his home in [[Berkeley, California]],<ref name=nytobit /> on 6 September 2017, at the age of 96.<ref name=ucbnews /><ref name=ap />{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2021}} He was buried at the First Alley of Honors, on 29 September 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Prominent scientist Lotfi Zadeh buried in Baku - PHOTO |url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/119740.html |website=AzerNews.az |access-date=30 November 2021 |language=en |date=29 September 2017 |quote=...Lotfi Zadeh was laid to rest at the First Alley of Honors in Baku on September 29. State and government officials, scientists and representatives of the general public attended the funeral, [[Azertac]] reported...}}</ref> in [[Baku, Azerbaijan]], the city in which he was born.<ref name=nytobit /> His funeral was well attended by "highly respected people."<ref>Brewer, Jared and Shakeel, Azwar (September 17, 2017) [http://www.dailycal.org/2017/09/17/uc-berkeley-professor-creator-fuzzy-logic-lotfi-zadeh-dies-96/ "UC Berkeley professor, creator of 'fuzzy logic' Lotfi Zadeh dies at 96"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920044136/http://www.dailycal.org/2017/09/17/uc-berkeley-professor-creator-fuzzy-logic-lotfi-zadeh-dies-96/ |date=2017-09-20 }} ''[[The Daily Californian]]''</ref> A month prior to his death, the [[University of Tehran]] had released an erroneous report that Zadeh had died, but withdrew it several days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lotfi Zadeh, Father Of Fuzzy Logic Dies At 96 |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iranian-mathematician-lotfi-zadeh-dies/28729659.html |work=[[Radio Farda]] |date=11 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref> == Work == [[File:Lotfi A. Zadeh stamp 2021.png|thumb|Stamp of Azerbaijan dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lotfi A. Zadeh]] According to [[Google Scholar]], as of November 2021, Zadeh's work has been cited at least 269,091 times in scholarly works,<ref>{{cite web |title=Lotfi A. Zadeh |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ&hl=en |website=[[Google Scholar]] |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130203932/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |quote=All Citations: 269091}}</ref> with the 1965 ''Fuzzy sets'' paper receiving at least 122,743 citations.<ref name="scholar.google-S6H-0RAAAAAJ:QKtdBID3u5MC">{{cite web |last1=Zadeh |first1=Lotfi |title=Fuzzy Sets |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ&citation_for_view=S6H-0RAAAAAJ:QKtdBID3u5MC |website=[[Google Scholar]] |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130203157/https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ&citation_for_view=S6H-0RAAAAAJ%3AQKtdBID3u5MC |archive-date=30 November 2021 |date=1965 |quote=Total citations: Cited by 122743}}</ref> === Fuzzy sets and systems === Zadeh, in his theory of [[fuzzy set]]s, proposed using a [[membership function]] (with a [[Interval (mathematics)|range]] covering the [[interval (mathematics)|interval]] [0,1]) operating on the [[Domain of a function|domain]] of all possible values. He proposed new operations for the calculus of logic and showed that [[fuzzy logic]] was a generalisation of classical and Boolean [[logic]]. He also proposed [[fuzzy number]]s as a special case of fuzzy sets, as well as the corresponding rules for consistent mathematical operations (fuzzy arithmetic).<ref>[[#McNeil|McNeil & Freiberger]], ''passim''</ref> === Fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence === Zadeh's research career has had a lasting impact on artificial intelligence (AI). Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic are both motivated by our understanding of human cognition: that we are comfortable with concepts that have vague boundaries. This is well aligned with the [[Physical symbol system]] assumption in AI (by [[Allen Newell]] and [[Herbert A. Simon]]), inspired by another aspect of human cognition: that humans are comfortable with concepts that are described by symbols. The concept of a linguistic variable in fuzzy logic connects a symbol that is typically a predicate in classical logic (e.g., "John is Bold", or in [[predicate logic]] – Bold(John)) – to linguistic values (e.g., "John is somewhat bold." or in fuzzy logic – Bold(John)=Somewhat ) – which generalizes the binary value of predicate logic in two ways. First, the two possible values (True or False) in predicate logic are generalized to a continuum (typically from 0, which corresponds to False, to 1, which corresponds to True). This allows the expression of Bold(John)= 0.5, which indicates that John is midway between being devoid of boldness and being entirely bold. The second generalization enabled by fuzzy logic is to use a fuzzy set such as "somewhat bold" to describe a person's boldness level in a way that is more natural to human understanding and communication. Without this generalization, we can only describe the value of a person's boldness as a number (e.g., 0.5) or as an interval (e.g., [0.25, 0.75]). With this generalization, one can express the semantic meaning of "somewhat bold" as a fuzzy set in the domain of 0 and 1. Zadeh was also an active contributor to the AI community, including at the [[Dartmouth Workshop]] that coined the term "artificial intelligence". He was subsequently a frequent contributor to leading AI conferences such as AAAI and IJCAI, as well as other top venues such as AI Magazine. === Other contributions === Zadeh is credited, along with [[John R. Ragazzini]], in 1952, with having pioneered the development of the [[Z-transform]] method in discrete time [[signal processing]] and analysis. These methods are now standard in [[digital signal processing]], [[digital control]], and other discrete-time systems used in industry and research. He was an editor of the ''International Journal of Computational Cognition''. Zadeh's work also included [[computing with words and perceptions]]. His later papers include "From Search Engines to Question-Answering Systems"<ref>{{cite book |last=Zadeh |first=Lotfi A. |date=2006 |chapter=From search engines to question answering systems—The problems of world knowledge, relevance, deduction and precisiation |editor-last=Sanchez |editor-first=Elie |title=Fuzzy Logic and the Semantic Web |series=Capturing Intelligence |volume=1 |publisher=Elsevier |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fuzzylogicsemant0000unse/page/163 163–210] |isbn=9780444519481 |oclc=62475292 |doi=10.1016/S1574-9576(06)80011-0 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/fuzzylogicsemant0000unse/page/163 |chapter-url-access=registration |citeseerx=10.1.1.89.3883}}</ref> and "Toward a Generalized Theory of Uncertainty (GTU)—An Outline".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zadeh |first=Lotfi A. |date=June 2005 |title=Toward a generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU)—an outline |journal=[[Information Sciences (journal)|Information Sciences]] |volume=172 |issue=1 |pages=1–40 |doi=10.1016/j.ins.2005.01.017 |citeseerx=10.1.1.95.1834}}</ref> == Selected publications == A complete list of publications is available.<ref name="Complete List" /> {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite Q | Q25938993 | author-mask = 1 | journal = [[Information and Computation|Information and Control]] | doi-access = free }} * {{cite conference | url = https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofsym15symp/mode/1up | url-access = registration | title = Proceedings of the Symposium on System Theory, New York, N.Y., April 20, 21, 22, 1965 | editor1-last = Fox | editor1-first = Jerome | year = 1965 | conference = Symposium on System Theory | conference-url = | first1 = L. A. | last1 = Zadeh | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 | chapter = FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofsym15symp/page/29/mode/1up | chapter-url-access = registration | volume = XV | book-title = | publisher = [[New York University Tandon School of Engineering|Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn]] | pages = 29{{ndash}}39 | asin = B000L4NPSY | ol = OL24217402M | oclc = 1102587 | access-date = 2021-11-30 | via = [[Internet Archive]] | language = en}} * {{cite Q | Q109944346 | author-mask = 1 | journal = [[Cybernetics and Systems|Journal of Cybernetics]] }} * {{cite Q | Q56083455 | author-mask = 1 | journal = [[IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society#Publications|IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics]] }} * {{cite conference | last1 = Zadeh | first1 = L.A. | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 | editor1-last = Rosenfeld | editor1-first = Jack L. | date = 1974-12-04 | chapter = Fuzzy Logic and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning. |title = Information Processing, Proceedings of the 6th IFIP Congress 1974, Stockholm, Sweden, August 5-10, 1974 | chapter-url = https://dblp.org/db/conf/ifip/ifip74.html |chapter-url-access= |chapter-format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |edition= |publication-place= |location= | publisher = [[Elsevier|North-Holland Publishing]] |pages= 591{{ndash}}594 | isbn = 978-0720428032 | lccn = 74076063 | ol = OL22108197M |access-date= |via= |quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages=}} * {{cite Q | Q57275767 | author-mask = 1 | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] }} * {{cite book|year=1975|chapter = Calculus of fuzzy restrictions |last1 = Zadeh| first1= Lotfi A. | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 | last2= Fu |first2= King-Sun | author-link2 = King-Sun Fu | last3=Tanaka | first3=Kokichi | last4= Shimura | first4=Masamichi |title=Fuzzy Sets and their Applications to Cognitive and Decision Processes|place= New York|publisher= [[Academic Press]] |pages=1{{ndash}}39| doi=10.1016/C2013-0-11734-5|isbn=978-0-12-775260-0|language=en}} * {{cite Q | Q109950743 | author-mask = 1 }} * {{cite Q | Q109951641 | author-mask = 1 }} * {{cite Q | Q109951958| author-mask = 1 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Zadeh|first1=Lotfi A. | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 |title=From Computing with Numbers to Computing with Words|journal= Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=929|issue=1 |year=2006 |pages=221–252 |pmid=11357866 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05718.x| s2cid=60538650}} * {{cite book | last1 = Zadeh | first1 = L.A. | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 | date = 2012-07-12 | title = Computing with Words: Principal Concepts and Ideas | series = Studies in fuzziness and soft computing | language = en | volume = 277 | edition = 2012 | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]] | doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-27473-2 | eissn = 1860-0808 | isbn = 978-3-642-27472-5 | issn = 1434-9922 | lccn = 2012937218 | oclc = 818324681 | ol = OL27026389M}} {{refend}} == Lectures == * 1991 - [https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb6690734s Fuzzy logic: principles, perspectives, and applications] Lecture sponsored by the Dept. of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of California, San Diego. Electrical and Computer Engineering Distinguished Lecture Series. Digital Object Made Available by UC San Diego Library. ==Awards and honors== [[File:Lütfi Zadənin məzarı.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Grave of Lotfi A. Zadeh in [[Baku]].]] Zadeh was a [[IEEE Fellow|Fellow]] of the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]], the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], the [[Association for Computing Machinery]], the [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]] and the [[International Fuzzy Systems Association]], and a [[List of members of the National Academy of Engineering (Computer science)|member]] of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref name="NAE">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/MemberDirectory/28316.aspx |title=Dr. Lotfi A. Zadeh was elected in 1973 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering and Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering. |access-date=2015-12-08 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208190559/http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/MemberDirectory/28316.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also a member of the Academies of Science of [[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|Azerbaijan]], [[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|Bulgaria]], [[Finnish Academy of Science and Letters|Finland]], [[Korean Academy of Science and Engineering|Korea]] and [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Poland]], and of the [[International Academy of Systems Studies]] in [[Moscow]]. He received 24 honorary doctorates.<ref name=cv /> Awards received by Zadeh include, among many others: * [[IEEE Education Medal]]; 1973<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/education_rl.pdf |title=IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|9|3}} |archive-date=2010-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124235219/http://ieee.org/documents/education_rl.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Eringen Medal]]; 1976 * [[IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal]], for "seminal contributions to information science and systems, including the conceptualization of fuzzy sets"; 1992<ref name=ucbnews /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/hamming_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal Recipients |publisher=IEEE |access-date={{Format date|2011|5|29}} |archive-date=2015-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612152243/http://www.ieee.org/documents/hamming_rl.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] [[Rufus Oldenburger Medal]]; 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/rufus-oldenburger-medal |title=Rufus Oldenburger Medal |publisher=[[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] |access-date={{Format date|2013|2|12}} |archive-date=2019-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107200153/https://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/rufus-oldenburger-medal |url-status=live }}</ref> * Honorary Professorship from the [[Azerbaijan State Oil Academy]]; 1993 * [[IEEE Medal of Honor]], for "pioneering development of fuzzy logic and its many diverse applications"; 1995<ref name=ucbnews /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/moh_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients |publisher=IEEE |access-date={{Format date|2011|9|3}} |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422004457/http://www.ieee.org/documents/moh_rl.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-22 }}</ref> * [[American Automatic Control Council]]'s [[Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award]]; 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://a2c2.org/awards/richard-e-bellman-control-heritage-award |title=Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award |publisher=[[American Automatic Control Council]] |access-date={{Format date|2013|2|10}} |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001032837/http://a2c2.org/awards/richard-e-bellman-control-heritage-award |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] [[Allen Newell|Allen Newell Award]]; 2001 * Outstanding Contribution Award, Web Intelligence Consortium (WIC), Halifax, Canada, 2003. * Wall of Fame, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum (HNF), Paderborn, Germany, 2004. * V. Kaufmann Prize and Gold Medal, International Association for Fuzzy-Set Management and Economy (SIGEF), Barcelona, Spain, Nov. 15, 2004. * J. Keith Brimacombe IPMM Award in recognition of his development of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, 2005. * [[The Franklin Institute Awards|Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in Electrical Engineering from [[The Franklin Institute]] in Philadelphia, for inventing and developing the field of "fuzzy logic"; 2009 * Induction into the [[IEEE Intelligent Systems]]' AI's Hall of Fame, 2011, "for his work on [[soft computing]], fuzzy logic, and neural-net theory".<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1109/MIS.2011.64 | title = AI's Hall of Fame | url = http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2011/0811/rW_IS_AIsHallofFame.pdf | journal = [[IEEE Intelligent Systems]] | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 5–15 | year = 2011 | access-date = 2015-09-04 | archive-date = 2011-12-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111216235804/http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2011/0811/rW_IS_AIsHallofFame.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> * [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards|BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] in the category of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Spain, 2012. * Honorary Doctor of the [[Óbuda University]] ([[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]) 2011<ref>{{cite web | title = Tudósítás Prof. Dr. Lotfi A. Zadeh díszdoktoravatásáról | trans-title = Report on the inauguration of Prof. Dr. Lotfi A. Zadeh | website = [[Óbuda University|Óbudai Egyetem]] | language = hu | date= 2011-11-08 | url = http://news.uni-obuda.hu/articles/2011/11/08/tudositas-prof-dr-lotfi-a-zadeh-diszdoktoravatasarol | access-date = 2021-11-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151347/http://news.uni-obuda.hu/articles/2011/11/08/tudositas-prof-dr-lotfi-a-zadeh-diszdoktoravatasarol | archive-date = 2020-08-03 | url-status = live | quote = A Nobel-díjas Dr. Oláh György díszdoktorrá avatását követően Prof. Dr. Lotfi A. Zadeh, az University of California, Berkeley professzora, a Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC) intézet igazgatója részesült Doctor Honoris Causa kitüntetésben 2011. november 7-én. | trans-quote = Following the inauguration of Nobel Laureate Dr. George Oláh as an Honorary Doctor, Prof. Dr. Lotfi A. Zadeh, Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Director of the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC), received the [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] Award on November 7, 2011. | via = [[Google Translate]] }}</ref> * [[Golden Goose Award]], for Fuzzy Logic; 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/fuzzy-logic|title=2017: Fuzzy Logic, Clear Impact|website=The Golden Goose Award|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213147/https://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/fuzzy-logic|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Legacy== In 2014, the [[IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society]] established the "Lotfi A. Zadeh Pioneer Award", which is given to honour a person or persons with "outstanding and pioneering contributions to academic and/or industrial research in systems science and engineering, human-machine systems, and/or cybernetics." The award is funded from a $100,000 donation from Zadeh's son, Norm Zadeh, and is administered by the IEEE. Nominees must have "pioneered and developed innovative research, executed in either academe or industry," that has resulted in major scientific advances in "systems science and engineering, human-machine systems, and/or cybernetics." Contributions must have been made at least 15 years prior to the award date.<ref>[https://www.ieeesmc.org/about-smcs/awards/lotfi-a-zadeh-pioneer-award "Lotfi A. Zadeh Pioneer Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618001751/https://www.ieeesmc.org/about-smcs/awards/lotfi-a-zadeh-pioneer-award |date=2020-06-18 }} IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society website</ref> In February 2019, [[ADA University]] in [[Baku, Azerbaijan]] presented the first "Lotfi Zadeh Scholarships", which honour the academic success of undergraduate students in the university's School of IT and Engineering. Winners of the scholarship receive a complete tuition waiver for the semester or semester-equivalent in which they achieved a 4.0 average.<ref>Staff (25 February 2019) [https://www.ada.edu.az/en/news/68-lotfi-zadeh-scholarship-is-granted-for-the-first-time-academic-excellence-across-schools-celebrated "Presentation of Inaugural Lotfi Zadeh Scholarships"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331191844/https://www.ada.edu.az/en/news/68-lotfi-zadeh-scholarship-is-granted-for-the-first-time-academic-excellence-across-schools-celebrated |date=2019-03-31 }} [[ADA University]] website</ref> On 4 February 2021, the [[IEEE Computational Intelligence Society]] and the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA) jointly celebrated the centenary of Zadeh's birth.<ref>Staff (April 15, 2021) [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/computational-intelligence/celebrating-the-centenary-of-lotfi-a-zadeh-1921-2017 "Celebrating the centenary of Lotfi A. Zadeh (1921–2017)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507020207/https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/computational-intelligence/celebrating-the-centenary-of-lotfi-a-zadeh-1921-2017 |date=2021-05-07 }} ''IEEE.TV''</ref> On 30 November 2021, [[Google]] honored Zadeh with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref name="GoogleDoodle">{{cite web |title=Celebrating Lotfi Zadeh |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-lotfi-zadeh/ |website=www.google.com |access-date=30 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Soo |title=Google Doodle honors Lotfi Zadeh, the late Azerbaijani American scientist |url=https://www.newsweek.com/google-doodle-lotfi-zadeh-scientist-fuzzy-logic-mathematical-concept-1654317 |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=Newsweek |date=30 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> His seminal paper ''Fuzzy sets'' was submitted for publication on this day in 1964.<ref name="FuzzySets1965"/><ref name="GoogleDoodle"/> ==See also== * [[Concept of Stratification]] ==References== === Citations === {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=ucbnews>{{cite web |url = https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2017/09/lotfi-zadeh-has-passed-away | title = Lotfi Zadeh has passed away | last1 = Crowley | first1 = Magdalene L. | date = 2017-09-06 | website = Berkeley {{!}} Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences | publisher = [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering]] | language = en-us | access-date = 2021-11-30 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211003002030/https://eecs.berkeley.edu/news/2017/09/lotfi-zadeh-has-passed-away | archive-date = 2021-10-03 | quote = CS Prof. Lotfi Zadeh, known as the Father of Fuzzy Logic, passed away on the morning of September 6, 2017. He was 96. Zadeh touched many lives and had a tremendous impact on many scientific and technological fields. He is best known as the founder of fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic, Z numbers and Z-transform. He won many awards including the IEEE Medal of Honor, the Honda Prize, the Okawa Prize, and the IEEE Hamming Medal. He was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy and a member of the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. A state funeral will be held in his birth city of Baku, Azerbaijan.}}</ref> <ref name="Complete List">{{cite web | title = Faculty Publications - Lotfi A. Zadeh | url = https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/Faculty/zadeh.html | website = Berkeley {{!}} Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences | publisher = [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering]] | access-date = 2021-11-30 | language=en-us | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201125143903/https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/Faculty/zadeh.html | archive-date = 2020-11-25 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=cv>{{cite web |url = https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zadeh.html | title = Lotfi A. Zadeh: Former Professor Emeritus | date = n.d. | website = Berkeley {{!}} Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences | publisher = [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering]] | language = en-us | access-date = 2021-12-04 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211202071134/https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zadeh.html/ | archive-date = 2021-12-02 | quote = Lotfi Zadeh was a Professor in the Graduate School of the Computer Science Division of Berkeley EECS. He also e served as the Director of BISC (Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing). Lotfi Zadeh passed away on September 6, 2017. Zadeh was an alumnus of the University of Tehran, MIT and Columbia University. From 1950 to 1959, he was a member of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at UC Berkeley in 1959 and served as its Chair from 1963 to 1968. During his tenure as Chair, he played a key role in changing the name of the Department from EE to EECS. He held visiting appointments at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ; MIT, Cambridge, MA; IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, CA; AI Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA; and the Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.}}</ref> <ref name="FuzzySets1965">{{cite Q | Q25938993 | author-mask = 1 | journal = [[Information and Computation|Information and Control]] | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="FuzzyLogicEqualIEEE1996">{{cite Q | Q56157601 | last1 = Zadeh | first1 = L.A. | author-link1 = Lotfi A. Zadeh | author-mask = 1 }}</ref> }} === General bibliography === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book | last1 = McNeill | first1 = Daniel | last2 = Freiberger | first2 = Paul | date = 1993-02-25 | title = Fuzzy Logic: The Discovery Of A Revolutionary Computer Technology {{mdash}} And How It Is Changing Our World | url = https://archive.org/details/fuzzylogic00mcne/mode/2up | url-access = registration | language = en-us | publisher = [[Simon & Schuster|Touchstone Books]] | asin-tld = | isbn = 978-0671738433 | lccn = 92042631 | oclc = 894862117 | ol = OL1737492M | via = [[Internet Archive]]}} {{refend}} == Further reading == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book | last1 = Seising | first1 = Rudolf | date = 2007-06-19 | title = The Fuzzification of Systems: The Genesis of Fuzzy Set Theory and its Initial Applications - Developments up to the 1970s | series = Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing | language = en,de | volume = 216 | edition = 1st | publisher = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-71795-9 | isbn = 978-3-540-71794-2 | lccn = 2007926120 | oclc = 799809616 | ol = OL9063652M | ol-access = free}} * {{cite book | last1 = Zadeh | first1 = Fay | title = My Life and Travels with the Father of Fuzzy Logic | publisher = [[John Asimakopoulos#Transformative Studies Institute|TSI Press]] | date = 1998 | isbn = 978-1889335056 | oclc = 40252107 | ol = OL12186678M }} * Zadeh, Lofti A. "Lotfi Visions", two-part interview with Jack J. Woehr, ''Dr. Dobb's Journal'', [http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/184409272 July 1994 (part 1)] and [http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/184409290 August 1994 (part 2)]. * {{cite book |last1=Seising |first1=Rudolf |last2=Trillas |first2=Enric |last3=Moraga |first3=Claudio |last4=Termini |first4=Settimo |title=On Fuzziness: A Homage to Lotfi A. Zadeh – Volume 1 |date=12 January 2013 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3642356407 |language=en |oclc=840905604}} * {{cite book |last1=Seising |first1=Rudolf |last2=Trillas |first2=Enric |last3=Moraga |first3=Claudio |last4=Termini |first4=Settimo |title=On Fuzziness: A Homage to Lotfi A. Zadeh – Volume 2 |date=15 December 2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-35643-8 |language=en |oclc=910975146}} * [[:es:Enrique Trillas Ruiz|Trillas, Enric]]. [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6238153&orden=0&info=link In Memory of L.A. Zadeh] Mathware & soft computing, ISSN-e 1134–5632, Vol. 24, Nº. 2, 2017, págs. 16-18 <!-- https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=2167688 --> * I. Dzitac, F.G. Filip, M.J. Manolescu, [http://univagora.ro/jour/index.php/ijccc/article/view/3111 Fuzzy Logic Is Not Fuzzy: World-renowned Computer Scientist Lotfi A. Zadeh], International Journal of Computers Communications & Control (December), Vol 12 No 6 (2017), 748–789. * {{cite journal |last1=Trillas |first1=Enric |author1-link=:es:Enrique Trillas Ruiz |title=Zadeh in My Life |journal=Informatik-Spektrum |date=December 2015 |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=471–475 |doi=10.1007/s00287-015-0934-5 <!-- |access-date=30 November 2021 -->|s2cid=13172144 }} {{refend}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zadeh.html Lotfi A. Zadeh] <!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20140715074715/http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zadeh.html https://web.archive.org/web/20030701055149/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~zadeh/ https://archive.today/20140414094516/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~zadeh/ -->, Academic profile, College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, [[University of California, Berkeley]] * {{cite web |title=Lotfi A. Zadeh |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ&hl=en |website=[[Google Scholar]] <!-- |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130203932/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=S6H-0RAAAAAJ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |quote=All Citations: 269091 -->}} * [[Didier Dubois (mathematician)|Dubois, Didier]]; Prade, Henri. {{YouTube|id=fcvTw7IuAwM|title="Celebrating the centenary of Lotfi A. Zadeh (1921-2017)"}} * Azerbaijan International: ** Lotfi Zadeh (interview): [http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_fuzzylogic.html Reflections on the Beginnings of "Fuzzy Logic"] in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 2:4 (1994), pp. 46–47. ** Lotfi Zadeh, Berkeley Commencement Speech: [http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/61_folder/61_articles/61_zadeh.html "Commercialism and Human Values: When You Can't Stop for Lunch,"] in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 6:1 (Spring 1998), p. 65. ** "[http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/74_folder/74.articles/74_zadeh.html Famous People: Then and Now, Lotfi Zadeh] (reflecting on his childhood) in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 7:4 (Winter 1999), pp. 28–29. ** Lotfi Zadeh: "[http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/24_folder/24_articles/24_zadeh.html Short Biographical Sketch]". Azerbaijan International, Vol. 2:4 (Winter 1994), p. 49. * Lotfi Zadeh, Honorary Chair and Keynote Speaker, [https://archive.today/20121221103235/http://www.iccc.univagora.ro/ ICCCC 2008]. [[Agora University of Oradea]] * {{AIGenealogy|id=599}} {{Navboxes |title=Awards and honors for Lotfi A. Zadeh |state=collapsed |list1= {{IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal}} {{Richard W. Hamming Medal recipients}} {{IEEE Medal of Honor}} {{Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Mathematics in Iran}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zadeh, Lotfali}} [[Category:1921 births]] [[Category:2017 deaths]] [[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]] [[Category:Alborz High School alumni]] [[Category:Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni]] [[Category:Control theorists]] [[Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients]] [[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]] [[Category:Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]] [[Category:Azerbaijani logicians]] [[Category:American logicians]] [[Category:American computer scientists]] [[Category:Iranian computer scientists]] [[Category:Scientists from Baku]] [[Category:Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients]] [[Category:Systems scientists]] [[Category:UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty]] [[Category:Columbia University faculty]] [[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]] [[Category:University of Tehran alumni]] [[Category:Iranian electrical engineers]] [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]] [[Category:Iranian expatriate academics]] [[Category:American people of Azerbaijani-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Soviet emigrants to Iran]] [[Category:Iranian emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Soviet Azerbaijani people]] [[Category:Burials at Alley of Honor]] [[Category:Iranian logicians]] [[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Azerbaijani people of Iranian descent]] [[Category:Azerbaijani people of Jewish descent]] [[Category:20th-century Iranian mathematicians]] [[Category:21st-century Iranian mathematicians]] [[Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates]] [[Category:1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]
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