Editing Louis de Funès

{{Short description|French actor and comedian (1914–1983)}}
{{Expand French|topic=bio|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Louis de Funès
| image              = Louis de Funès 1970.jpg
| caption            = De Funès in 1970
| birth_name         = Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|7|31}}
| birth_place        = [[Courbevoie]], France
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1983|1|27|1914|7|31}}
| death_place        = [[Nantes]], France
| other_names        = Fufu
| years_active       = 1945–1982
| awards             = Grand prix du rire, 1957, ''[[Comme un cheveu sur la soupe]]''<br />Victoire du cinéma, 1965<br />[[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|18px|]] [[Legion of Honour|Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur]], 1973<br />[[Honorary César|César d'honneur]], 1980
| occupation         = Actor
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Germaine Louise Élodie Carroyer|1936|1942|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Jeanne Barthelémy de Maupassant|1943}}
}}
| children           = 3, including [[Olivier de Funès|Olivier]]
| signature          = Louis de Funès signature.png
}}

'''Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza''' ({{IPA|fr|lwi d(ə) fynɛs|lang}};{{efn|In full: {{IPA|fr|lwi ʒɛʁmɛ̃ david d(ə) fynɛs d(ə) ɡalaʁza|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forvo.com/word/louis_de_fun%C3%A8s/|title=Louis de Funès pronunciation: How to pronounce Louis de Funès in French|first=Forvo|last=Team|website=forvo.com}}</ref>}} 31 July 1914 &ndash; 27 January 1983) was a French actor and comedian. He is France's favourite actor, according to a series of polls conducted since the late 1960s, having played over 150 roles in film and over 100 on stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000086/bio|title=Louis de Funès|website=IMDb}}</ref> His acting style is remembered for its high-energy performance and his wide range of facial expressions and tics. A considerable part of his best-known acting was directed by [[Jean Girault]].

The larger-than-life, conservative ''[[Petite bourgeoisie|petit bourgeois]]'' characters he played, who typically [[Authoritarian personality|kissed up to authority while persecuting their subordinates]], particularly resonated with the [[Protests of 1968|changing Western societies of the 1960s]] and drove him to success. Yet in private life, De Funès was a notoriously shy and reserved man, and a devout [[Catholicism in France|Catholic]].

One of the most famous French actors of all time, Louis de Funès remains to this day the most [[Bankable star|bankable]] actor in French cinema history.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-04-08 |title=Louis De Funès (Acteur français) - Box-Office |url=https://www.jpbox-office.com/mobile/filmosdet.php?id=373 |website=www.jpbox-office.com}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-04-08 |language=fr |title=Box-office France Louis de Funès - Liste de 100 films |url=https://www.senscritique.com/liste/box_office_france_louis_de_funes/1547055 |website=SensCritique}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> He enjoys widespread international recognition: in addition to his immense fame in the [[Geographical distribution of French speakers|French-speaking world]], he remains a household name throughout most of [[continental Europe]] including the former [[Eastern Bloc]], the [[former Soviet Union]], as well as [[Iran]], [[Turkey]], and [[Israel]]. Despite this international popularity, Louis de Funès remains an obscure figure in the English-speaking world. He was exposed to a wider audience only once in the United States, in 1973, with the release of ''[[The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob]]'', which is best remembered for its [[Rabbi Jacob dance]] scene and was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]].

De Funès has two museums dedicated to his life and acting: one in the [[Château de Clermont]], near [[Nantes]], where he resided, as well as another in the town of [[Saint-Raphaël, Var|Saint-Raphaël]], [[Southern France]].<ref>Simon, Loïc. [https://www.my-loire-valley.com/2014/05/musee-louis-de-funes-ouvert-portes-chateau-clermont/ "Le Musée Louis de Funès a ouvert ses portes au Château de Clermont"], my-loire-valley.com (in French), 2 May 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.ville-saintraphael.fr/cultivee/musees/musee-louis-de-funes Musée Louis de Funès] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004024628/https://www.ville-saintraphael.fr/cultivee/musees/musee-louis-de-funes |date=4 October 2022 }}, ville-saintraphael.fr (in French).</ref>

==Early life==
Louis de Funès was born on 31 July 1914 in [[Courbevoie]], a Parisian suburb, to parents who hailed from [[Seville]], Spain. Since the couple's families opposed their marriage, they eloped to France in 1904. His father, Carlos Luis de Funès de Galarza, was a nobleman whose mother descended from the Counts de Galarza (of Basque origin).<ref name="bio">Stars-celebrites.com — [http://www.stars-celebrites.com/DE-FUNES-LOUIS/imprimible-defunes.htm Biografía de Louis de Funès.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023172518/http://www.stars-celebrites.com/DE-FUNES-LOUIS/imprimible-defunes.htm |date=23 October 2020 }}. Retrieved April 2008.</ref> His father's family was from [[Funes, Navarra|Funes]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Orteganos Ilustres|last=Suárez Sandomingo|first=José Manuel|publisher=Axac|year=2015}}</ref> He had been a lawyer in Spain, but became a diamond cutter upon arriving in France. His mother, Leonor Soto Reguera, was Galician, daughter to Galician lawyer Teolindo Soto Barro, of Portuguese descent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-16 |title=Louis de Funes - biographie du grand comédien |url=https://promdevelop.com/fr/personality/louis-de-funes/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Promdevelop |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SUR UN ARBRE PERCHE-VF - DVD - tous les DVD à la Fnac |url=https://www.fr.fnac.be/a8572099/SUR-UN-ARBRE-PERCHE-VF-DVD |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=www.fr.fnac.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DS voador e 2CV desfeito em exposição de homenagem ao "Gendarme" |url=https://away.iol.pt/filme/gendarme/ds-voador-e-2cv-desfeito-em-exposicao-de-homenagem-ao-gendarme/20230425/643590240cf2c84d7fd0e399 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=AWAY magazine |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-23 |title=Le Cellier. Le souvenir de «P'tit Louis» |url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/toute-l-information-de-la-bretagne/spanle-cellierspan-le-souvenir-de-ptit-louis-1925720.php |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Le Télégramme |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Known to friends and intimates as "'''Fufu'''", De Funès spoke French, Spanish, and English. During his youth, he was fond of drawing and playing the piano. He was an alumnus of the [[Lycée Condorcet]] in Paris. He later dropped out, and his early life was rather inconspicuous; as a youth and young adult, De Funès held menial jobs, from which he was repeatedly fired. He became a bar [[pianist]], working mostly as a jazz pianist in [[Quartier Pigalle|Pigalle]], [[Paris]], where he made his customers laugh each time he grimaced. He studied acting for one year at the Simon acting school, where he made some useful contacts, including [[Daniel Gélin]], among others. In 1936, he married Germaine Louise Élodie Carroyer, with whom he had one child: a son named Daniel; the couple divorced in late 1942. Through the early 1940s, De Funès continued playing piano in clubs, thinking there was not much call for a short, balding, skinny actor. His wife and Daniel Gélin encouraged him until he managed to overcome his fear of rejection. His wife supported him in the most difficult moments and helped him to manage his career efficiently.

[[File:DeFunes-1943.png|thumb|left|De Funès at the piano in 1943]]
During the [[Paris in World War II|occupation of Paris]] in the Second World War, he continued his piano studies at a music school, where he fell in love with a secretary, Jeanne Barthelémy de Maupassant. She had fallen in love with "the young man who played jazz like God"; they married in 1943 and remained together for forty years until his death in 1983. They had two sons: Patrick (born on 27 January 1944), who became a doctor, and [[Olivier de Funès|Olivier]] (born on 11 August 1949), who became a pilot for Air France Europe and also followed in his father's footsteps by becoming an actor. Olivier de Funès became known for the roles he played in some of his father's films (''[[Les grandes vacances (film)|Les Grandes Vacances]]'', ''[[Fantômas se déchaîne]]'', ''[[Le Grand Restaurant]]'' and ''[[Hibernatus]]'' being the most famous).

== Theatrical career ==
De Funès began his show business career in the theatre, where he enjoyed moderate success and also played small roles in films. Even after he attained the status of a [[movie star]], he continued to play theatre roles. His stage career culminated in a magnificent performance in the play ''Oscar'', a role which he would reprise a few years later in [[Oscar (1967 film)|the film adaptation]].

== Film career ==
[[File:DeFunes-1947-StudioConty.png|thumb|De Funès in 1947]]
In 1945, thanks to his contact with Daniel Gélin, De Funès made his film debut at the age of 31 with a [[bit part]] in [[Jean Stelli]]'s ''[[The Temptation of Barbizon|La Tentation de Barbizon]]''.<ref>Louis de Funès called Stelli ''Ma Chance'' ("My Luck") whenever they were together (''Louis de Funès : Jusqu'au bout du rire'', p. 43.).</ref> He appears on screen for less than 40 seconds in the role of the porter of the [[cabaret]] ''Le Paradis'', welcoming the character played by Jérôme Chambon in the entrance hall and pointing him to the double doors leading to the main room, saying: ''"C'est par ici, Monsieur"'' ("It's this way, Sir"). Chambon declines the invitation, pushing the door himself instead of pulling it open. De Funès then says: ''"Bien, il a son compte celui-là, aujourd'hui!"'' ("Well, he had enough, today!").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://le-cinema-de-louis.blogspot.co.uk/2012/12/la-tentation-de-barbizon.html |date= 12 December 2012 |title= La Tentation de Barbizon |publisher= Le cinema de Louis |access-date= 30 October 2016}}</ref>

He went on to perform in 130 film roles over the next 20 years, playing minor roles in over 80 movies before being offered his first leading roles. During this period, De Funès developed a daily routine of professional activities: in the morning, he did dubbing for recognized artists such as [[Totò]], an Italian comic of the time; during the afternoon, he did film work; and in the evening, he performed as a theatre actor.

From 1945 to 1955, he appeared in 50 films, usually as an extra or walk-on. In 1954, he went on to star in such films as ''[[Ah! Les belles bacchantes]]'' and ''[[The Sheep Has Five Legs|Le Mouton à cinq pattes]]''. A break came in 1956, when he appeared as the black-market pork butcher Jambier (another small role) in [[Claude Autant-Lara]]'s well-known World War II comedy, ''[[La Traversée de Paris (film)|La Traversée de Paris]]''. He achieved stardom in 1963 with [[Jean Girault]]'s film, ''[[Pouic-Pouic]]''. This successful film guaranteed De Funès top billing in all of his subsequent films. At the age of 49, De Funès unexpectedly became a major star of international renown with the success of ''[[Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez]]''. After their first successful collaboration, director Jean Girault perceived De Funès as the ideal actor to play the part of the scheming, opportunistic and sycophant [[gendarme]]; the first film would lead to a series of six.

Another collaboration with director [[Gérard Oury]] produced a memorable tandem of De Funès with [[Bourvil]]&mdash;another great comic actor&mdash;in the 1965 film, ''[[The Sucker|Le Corniaud]]''. The success of the de Funès-Bourvil partnership was repeated in ''[[La Grande Vadrouille]]'', one of the most successful and the largest-grossing film ever made in France, drawing an audience of 17.27 million. It remains his greatest success.<ref>''Mémoires d'éléphant'' (Paris 1988), p. 250.</ref> Oury envisaged a further reunion of the two comics in his film ''[[Delusions of Grandeur (film)|La Folie des grandeurs]]'', but Bourvil's death in 1970 led to the unlikely pairing of De Funès with [[Yves Montand]] in that film. Notwithstanding, the film was a success.

[[File:Louis de Funès — L'Homme orchestre (1970).jpg|thumb|De Funès on the set of ''[[L'homme orchestre]]'' in 1970]]
Eventually, De Funès became France's leading comic actor. Between 1964 and 1979, he topped the French [[box office]] of the year's most successful movies seven times. In 1968, all three of his films were in the top ten in France for the year, topped by ''[[The Little Bather|Le Petit Baigneur]]'', with its memorable [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] scene.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 January 1969|page=41|title=French Public Favored Their Own Features in '68; 2 Yanks In Dozen}}</ref>

He co-starred with many of the major French actors of his time, including [[Jean Marais]] and [[Mylène Demongeot]] in the ''[[Fantômas]]'' trilogy, and also [[Jean Gabin]], [[Fernandel]], [[Coluche]], [[Annie Girardot]], and Yves Montand. He also worked with [[Jean Girault]] in the famous ''Gendarmes'' series. In a departure from the gendarme image, De Funès collaborated with [[Claude Zidi]], who wrote for him a new character full of nuances and frankness in ''[[L'aile ou la cuisse]]'' (1976), which is arguably one of the best of his roles. Later, De Funès' considerable musical abilities were showcased in films such as ''[[The Sucker|Le Corniaud]]'' and ''[[Le Grand Restaurant]]''. In 1964, he [[Fantômas (1964 film)|debuted]] in the first of the ''Fantômas'' series, which launched him into superstardom.

In 1975, Oury turned again to De Funès for a film entitled ''[[Le Crocodile (cancelled film project)|Le Crocodile]]'', in which he was to play the role of a South American dictator. But in March 1975, De Funès was hospitalized for heart problems and forced to take a break from acting, causing ''Le Crocodile'' to be cancelled. After his recovery, he appeared opposite another comic of the time, Coluche, in ''L'Aile ou la cuisse''. In 1980, De Funès realised a long-standing dream of making [[L'Avare (film)|a film version]] of [[Molière]]'s play ''[[The Miser]]'' (''L'Avare'').

De Funès made his final film, ''[[Le Gendarme et les Gendarmettes]]'', in 1982.

== Style ==
[[File:Louis de Funès — Tournage Le Gendarme et les Extra-terrestres — Saint-Tropez, 1978.jpg|thumb|300px|left|De Funès during the shooting of ''[[Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres]]'']]
Unlike the characters he played, De Funès was said to be a very shy person in real life. Capable of an extremely rich and rapidly changing range of [[Facial expression|facial expressions]], he was nicknamed "the man with forty faces per minute." In many of his films, he played the role of a humorously excitable, cranky, middle-aged or mature man with a propensity for hyperactivity, bad faith, and uncontrolled fits of anger. Along with his short height – {{height|m=1.64}} – and his facial contortions, this hyperactivity produced a highly comic effect. This was particularly visible when he was paired with [[Bourvil]], who was always given roles of calm, slightly naive, good-humoured men. In De Funès's successful lead role in a cinematic version of Molière's ''The Miser'', these characteristics are greatly muted, percolating just beneath the surface.

== Later years and death ==
In the later part of his life, De Funès achieved great prosperity and success. He became a knight of France's [[Legion of Honour|Légion d'honneur]] in 1973. He resided in the [[Château de Clermont]], a 17th-century [[château]] located in the [[Communes of France|commune]] of [[Le Cellier]], 27&nbsp;kilometers (17&nbsp;mi) from Nantes in the west of France. The château, overlooking the river [[Loire]], was inherited by his wife, whose aunt had married a descendant of [[Guy de Maupassant|Maupassant]]. De Funès was an aficionado of roses and planted a rose garden on the château grounds; a variety of rose was named after him: the [[Louis de Funès (rose)|Louis de Funès rose]]. A monument honoring him was erected in the château rose garden.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

[[File:Graf De Funes.JPG|thumb|The tomb of Louis de Funès in [[Le Cellier]], France]]
In his later years, De Funès suffered from a heart condition after having two [[Myocardial infarction|heart attacks]] caused by the excessive strain of his stage antics. He died of a third heart attack on 27 January 1983, a few months after making his final film. He was laid to rest in the Cimetière du Cellier, the cemetery situated on the Château de Clermont grounds.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

== Legacy ==
De Funès was portrayed on a postage stamp issued on 3 October 1998 by the [[La Poste (France)|French postal service]]. He was also portrayed in French comics, including as a gambler in ''[[Lucky Luke]]'' ("[[Lucky Luke#By Morris and various writers (1980–2002)|The One-Armed Bandit]]")<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/de-groot_bob.htm|title=Bob De Groot|website=lambiek.net|access-date=December 3, 2023}}</ref> and as a film studio worker in [[Clifton (comics)|''Clifton'']] ("Dernière Séance"). In 2013, a museum dedicated to De Funès was created in the [[Château de Clermont]] where he had resided. In 2019, another De Funès museum opened in [[Saint-Raphaël, Var]].

The behavior, diminutive size, and body language of the character Skinner from the 2007 [[Pixar]] animated film ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'' are loosely based on Louis de Funès.

==Filmography==
{{main|Louis de Funès filmography}}

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{IMDb name|name=Louis de Funès|id=0000086}}
* [http://filmsdefrance.com/FDF_ldfunes.html Louis de Funès] – Films de [[:fr:France|France]]
* [http://www.defunes.nl DeFunes.nl] – Dutch website about Louis de Funès
* [http://louisdefunes.ru Louisdefunes.ru] – Louis de Funès in [[Russia]]

{{Honorary César}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Funes, Louis de}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century French male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century French comedians]]
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:French monarchists]]
[[Category:French slapstick comedians]]
[[Category:French male comedians]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male stage actors]]
[[Category:French male television actors]]
[[Category:French people of Galician descent]]
[[Category:French people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:French people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:Lycée Condorcet alumni]]
[[Category:People from Courbevoie]]
[[Category:Male actors from Île-de-France]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Comedians from Île-de-France]]