Editing Luna 5

{{short description|Space probe}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Luna 5''}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = ''Luna 5''
| image                 = 
| image_caption         =

| mission_type          = Lunar lander
| operator              = Soviet space program
| COSPAR_ID             = 1965-036A 
| SATCAT                = 
| mission_duration      = 3 days (launch to impact)

| spacecraft_type       = [[Ye-6]]
| manufacturer          = [[S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|OKB-1]]
| dry_mass              = 
| launch_mass           = {{convert|1476|kg|lb}}<ref name=NSSDC/>
| power                 =

| launch_date           = {{start-date|9 May 1965, 07:49:37|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name=NSSDC/>
| launch_rocket         = [[Molniya-M]] 8K78M
| launch_site           = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1|1/5]]
| launch_contractor     = 
| last_contact          =

| orbit_epoch           = 
| orbit_reference       = <!--transfer orbit-->
| orbit_periapsis       = 
| orbit_apoapsis        = 
| orbit_inclination     = 
| apsis                 =

| programme             = '''[[Luna programme]]'''
| previous_mission      = ''[[Luna E-6 No.8|Luna 1965A]]''
| next_mission          = [[Luna 6]]

|interplanetary         = 
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = lander_impact
   |object              = [[Moon|Lunar]]
   |arrival_date        = {{end-date|12 May 1965, 19:10|tz=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name=NSSDC/>
   |location            = {{Lunar coords and quad cat|8|N|23|W}}<ref name=NSSDC/>
 }}
}}
'''''Luna 5''''', or '''''E-6 No.10''''' (Ye-6 series), was an uncrewed [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft intended to land on the [[Moon]] as part of the [[Luna programme]]. It was intended to become the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, however its retrorockets failed, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface.

==Launch==
''Luna 5'' was launched by a [[Molniya-M]] carrier rocket, flying from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1|Site 1/5]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]. Liftoff occurred at 07:49:37 UTC on 9 May 1965. The spacecraft and [[Blok L]] upper stage entered a [[low Earth orbit|low Earth]] [[parking orbit]], before the Blok L fired to propel ''Luna 5'' towards the Moon.

''Luna 5'' became the first Soviet probe to be successfully launched towards the Moon in two years. Between it and the previous mission to be launched successfully, ''[[Luna 4]]'', there were three launch failures: [[Luna E-6 No.6|''E-6 No.6'']] and [[Luna E-6 No.5|''No.5'']] in 1964 and ''[[Kosmos 60]]'' in 1965.

==Failure==
[[File:Moon map Smart 1 Ranger 9 Luna 5 Surveyor 7 Apollo 14.png|thumbnail|left|First announced location of the ''Luna 5'' impact (lower right), in relation to other lunar probes and landing sites.]]
Following the mid-course correction on 10 May, the spacecraft began spinning around its main axis due to a problem in a flotation gyroscope in the I-100 guidance system unit. A subsequent attempt to fire the main engine failed because of ground control error, and the engine never fired. As a result of these failures, the soft landing attempt failed, and ''Luna 5'' impacted the Moon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moonregistry.forallmoonkind.org/apollo-10-crewed-lunar-orbit-3-2-2-2-4/|title=Moonkind Lunar Registry – Luna-5|access-date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> The place of impact was first announced as {{Lunar coords and quad cat|31|S|8|W}} (coast of [[Mare Nubium]]), but later it was estimated as {{Lunar coords and quad cat|8|N|23|W}} (near crater [[Copernicus (lunar crater)|Copernicus]]).<ref name=NSSDC/> It was the second Soviet spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, following ''[[Luna 2]]'' in 1959. The [[Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory|Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory]] registered television images of the failed landing noted that shown it produced a {{convert|220|by|80|km|mi|adj=on}} plume which was visible for ten minutes.<ref name="moon">{{cite journal|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CosRe..56..276K/abstract|title=Luna-5 (1965): Some Results of a Failed Mission to the Moon|last1=Ksanfomality |first1=L. V.|journal=Cosmic Research|volume=56|number=4|pages=276–282|date=July 2018|doi=10.1134/S0010952518040020 |bibcode=2018CosRe..56..276K |s2cid=254420064 |access-date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> A 2017 analysis of the reprocessed images allowed to refine the impact coordinates, provide an altitude estimate of 3.7−3.9 km for the generated gas cloud and corroborate estimations published for the 2009 [[LCROSS]] impact.<ref name="moon"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of artificial objects on the Moon]]
* [[List of missions to the Moon]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=NSSDC>{{cite web
 |url         = https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-036A
 |title       = Luna 5
 |work        = NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive
 |date        = 2014-08-26
 |access-date  = 2023-01-09
}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna.php Zarya – Luna programme chronology]

{{Luna programme}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Lunar landers}}
{{Orbital launches in 1965}}

[[Category:Luna programme|Luna 05]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon]]
[[Category:May 1965]]
[[Category:1965 on the Moon]]