Editing Lungern

{{Infobox Swiss town
 | subject_name		= Lungern
 | municipality_type	= municipality
 | image_photo          = Lungerersee from Brünigpass.jpg
 | imagepath_coa	= CHE Lungern COA.svg|pixel_coa=
 | canton		= Obwalden
 | iso-code-region 	= CH-OW
 | district		= n.a.
 | coordinates  = {{coord|46|47|N|8|09|E|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code		= 6078
 | municipality_code	= 1405
 | area			= 44.99
 | elevation		= 715|elevation_description= 
 | population		= {{Swiss populations NC|CH-OW|1405}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-OW}} |  popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-OW}} 
 | website		= www.lungern.ch
 | mayor		= 
 | mayor_asof=
 | mayor_party=
 | mayor_title	        = 
 | list_of_mayors	= 
 | places		= 
 | demonym		= 
 | neighboring_municipalities= [[Brienzwiler]] (BE), [[Giswil]], [[Hasliberg]] (BE), [[Hofstetten bei Brienz]] (BE), [[Kerns, Switzerland|Kerns]], [[Meiringen]] (BE), [[Sachseln]]
 | twintowns		= 
|}}
'''Lungern''' is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Obwalden]] in [[Switzerland]]. It encompasses [[Lake Lungern]] and, besides the village of Lungern, the settlements of '''Bürglen''', '''Kaiserstuhl''' and '''Obsee'''.

==Geography==
[[Image:Lungern.jpg|thumb|left|Village of Lungern]] 
[[File:ETH-BIB-Lungerer See, Lungern, Brünig v. N. aus 1800 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-005277.tif|thumb|Aerial view from 1800&nbsp;m by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1926)]]
The village of Lungern lies {{convert|750|m|ft}} above sea level in the highest part of the canton of Obwalden, on the eastern shore of the [[Lake of Lungern]] and at the foot of the [[Brünig Pass]]. It is the highest village of the Sarneraa-Valley, in a basin open only to the north and surrounded on all other sides by steep and woody inclinations and rocks.

To the south-west the municipality extends to the Brünig Pass. On its north-western side, the municipal boundary is set by the [[Wilerhorn (Emmental Alps)|Wilerhorn]] and [[Höch Gumme]] mountains, and includes the whole of the Lake of Lungern. To the east, the boundary reaches as far as the [[Hochstollen]] and [[Chingstuel]] mountains, and includes the [[Güpfi]] mountain and part of the [[Kleine Melchtal]] valley.<ref name=swmap>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?zoom=6&X=182599.91&Y=653907.82&lang=en&topic=ech&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&catalogNodes=457,510&layers=ch.swisstopo.swissboundaries3d-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.swissboundaries3d-gemeinde-flaeche.fill | accessdate = 2014-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hikr.org/tour/post826.html | title = Arnihaaggen 2207m | work = Hikr.org | accessdate = 2014-10-27}}</ref>

Besides the village of Lungern, the municipality includes the settlements of Kaiserstuhl and Bürglen that lie at the northern end of the lake, and Obsee on the south-western end of the lake.<ref name=swmap/>

The municipal district of Lungern has an area of {{convert|46.33|km2|acre}}, of which {{convert|6.48|km2|acre}} are meadow and tilled land, {{convert|19.2|km2|acre}} are pastureland, {{convert|15.97|km2|acre}} are wooded and the remaining {{convert|2.91|km2|acre}} are unproductive.<ref name=SFSO/>

==History==

The first legal proof of Lungern's existence is contained in a tax register for the diocese of the bishop of Konstanz in Germany dating from the year 1275.  It is mentioned as ''Lutigern'' and also as ''de Lungern''.<ref name=HDS/>

[[Image:Lungern2.jpg|thumb|View of Lungern, showing the section of Obsee]]

[[File:1 lungern swiss 2012.jpg|thumb|Lungern, traditional and modern houses along the lake]]

[[File:Lungern village.jpg|thumb|View of Lungern from the church]]

In 1861 it became easier to reach the village with the construction of the old road over the [[Brünig pass]]. A quarter century later, in 1886, the first [[mail]] carriages came over the pass. However, this only lasted two years, in 1888 the railroad from [[Brienz]] to [[Alpnachstad]] (now part of [[Alpnach]]) opened. In 1887 the Eibach river flooded causing damage to the old village church. Six years later, in 1893, was the consecration of the [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-gothic]] style church. At the end of the 18th{{Dubious|date=June 2020}}<!-- The context suggests that the 19th is what's meant. --> century the population of Lungern lowered the level of the lake, with great effort and over many years, in order to improve living conditions. The works created new land for agriculture, housing, and a sawmill. Within 80 years the hard-won land was lost to a new dam: in 1922 a company named CKW built and started running a power station located at the lake. Nowadays the local power station (EWO) produces electricity from the power of the water of the Lungerersee. In 1942 the railroad line over the Brünig pass was electrified.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Population and economy==
Nowadays the village of Lungern has about 2120 inhabitants. The population is stable, so there is a rise in the ratio of elderly to total population. In fact 17.5% of the total population of Lungern are of a pensionable age, compared with an average of 12% in the canton. If work opportunities remain limited this will likely grow even further in the future.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

===Demographics===
Lungern has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-OW}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-OW|1405}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-OW}}  {{as of|2007}}, 8.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.<ref name=OW_pop>[http://www.statistik-obwalden.ch/index.cfm?navid=78&docid=78 Canton Obwalden Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003126/http://www.statistik-obwalden.ch/index.cfm?navid=78&docid=78 |date=2011-07-07 }}  accessed 2 September 2009 {{in lang|de}}</ref>  Over the last 10 years{{Vague|date=June 2020}}<!-- ten years till when? --> the population has grown at a rate of 2.6%.  Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (94.8%), with Albanian being second most common (2.2%) and French third (0.7%).<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=2016-01-05 }} accessed 03-Sep-2009</ref>  {{as of|2000}} the gender distribution of the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. In 2000 there were 681 households in Lungern.<ref name=OW_pop/>

In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was{{Dubious|date=June 2020}}<!-- "parties were"? --> just classed as other, which received 41.7% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (26.2%), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (25.6%) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (6.5%).<ref name=SFSO/>

In Lungern about 71.5% of the population (between ages 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

===Economy===
[[Image:Lungern-volklore.jpg|thumb|Folk celebration, with traditional costumes.]]
Lungern has{{When|date=June 2020}} an unemployment rate of 0.6%.  In 2005, there were 156 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 66 businesses involved; 443 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 27 businesses involved; 394 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 54 businesses.<ref name=SFSO/>  About 24% of the workers were involved in agriculture and forestry, 40% were considered artisans or craftsman.  Of the rest of the working population, 13% were in commercial business or teaching staff, 12% were self-employed and 11% were domestic and hotel employees.<ref>[http://www.lungern.ch/de/portrait/willkommensgruss/ Municipality of Lungern-Welcome] {{in lang|de}} accessed 3 September 2009</ref>

Economically, agriculture, forestry and wood-working are predominant.  Agriculture comprises cattle-breeding and dairy-farming. All of the agricultural farms are cultivated by native highlanders, and they are mainly situated not in the bottom of the valley but on its slopes.{{Dubious|date=June 2020}}<!-- Is this about 2020, or about 2005? Is the present tense appropriate? -->

Lungern has a large industrial sector with the main employers being {{Interlanguage link|qid=Q1495365|Gasser Felstechnik}} with 300 employees specialising in securing rockfaces preventing rockfalls and landslides, neue Holzbau AG<ref group="n">[https://neueholzbau.ch/firma/unsere-mitarbeiter/ neue Holzbau AG website]</ref> (70+ employees) specialising in pre-fabricated wooden constructions and engineered wood products, H-P Gasser Membranbau<ref group="n">[https://www.hpgasser.ch/team/ H-P Gasser Membranbau website]</ref> (80+ employees) specialising in membrane structures and skylights and Sutter Fahrzeugbau<ref group="n">[https://sutter-fahrzeugbau.ch/ Sutter Fahrzeugbau website]</ref> who are specialists in coachwork and commercial vehicles. Located in the Obsee sector of Lungern together with many smaller companies, ensures{{Vague|date=June 2020}} <!-- WHAT ensures this? --> that companies in Lungern provide employment not just for the inhabitants of the village but the Sarner-Aa valley and the [[Haslital]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

===Historic population===
The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|744|Lungern}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! year
! population 
|-
| 1790
|  1,234
|-
| 1850
|  1,413
|-
| 1900
|  1,828
|-
| 1950
|  1,878
|-
| 1990
|  1,859
|-
| 2000
|  1,965
|-
| 2005
| 1,950
|-
| 2006
| 1,975
|-
| 2007
| 2,023
|-
| 2008
| 2,035
|-
|}

==Weather==
From 1961 to 1990, Lungern had an average of 149.5 days of rain per year and on average received {{convert|1491|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month was August, during which Lungern received an average of {{convert|163|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation and over an average of 14.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 14.7, but with only {{convert|158|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. The driest month was October, with an average of {{convert|88|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 14.4 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweiz>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |title=Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990 |accessdate=8 May 2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss |language=German, French, Italian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |archivedate=27 June 2009 }}, the weather station elevation is 740 meters above sea level.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2020}}<!-- Link is to a general page that lacks information such as this; this general page links to other pages, and one of the pages to which it links may have this information. -->

==Churches==
There is one Catholic church and five chapels. The church is fairly new, about 110 years old, because the old one was destroyed in a flood of the lake.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Chapels are located in the center of the village (Dorfkapelle), Obseekapelle, Kapelle Bürglen, Kapelle Breitenfeld and Kappele Krummelbach.<ref>[https://www.google.ch/search?rlz=1C1GCEA_enCH796CH796&q=Lungern+kapelle&npsic=0&rflfq=1&rlha=0&rllag=46797446,8138199,2657&tbm=lcl&ved=2ahUKEwiWmcvq7N_cAhVI2aQKHflVCu4QtgN6BAgCEAQ&tbs=lrf:!2m1!1e16!3sIAE,lf:1,lf_ui:1&rldoc=1#rldoc=1&rlfi=hd:;si:,46.78262195303898,8.176008899072258;mv:!1m3!1d25495.903214051446!2d8.167339999536125!3d46.790438344008074!3m2!1i1500!2i896!4f13.1 Chapels in Lungern]</ref>

==Tourist sights==
The main sights of Lungern are: 
*the old church tower (''Alter Kirchturm''), a neo-Gothic church, and the hamlet ''Obsee''
*the Lungern-Turren cablecar to Turren and then hike to Schönbüel<ref group="n">[https://turren.ch/ Lungern-Turren Bahn website]</ref>
*the underground shooting range<ref group="n">[http://www.bruenigindoor.ch Brünig Indoor website]</ref>

==Transport==
The [[Brünig railway line]] passes through the municipality, on its route between [[Interlaken]] and [[Lucerne]]. Both [[Lungern railway station|Lungern station]] and [[Kaiserstuhl OW railway station|Kaiserstuhl OW station]] are on the line and in the municipality; and in 2013 were served by one train per hour in each direction.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fahrplanfelder.ch/fileadmin/fap_pdf_fields/2013/470.pdf | title = Luzern–Brünig–Interlaken | publisher = Bundesamt für Verkehr | accessdate = 2013-01-07}}</ref>

==Notes==
<references group="n" />

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lungern.ch Official site of the municipal Lungern]
*[http://www.lungern-tourismus.ch Tourism Lungern]
*{{HDS|744}}

{{Commons category|Lungern}}

{{Municipalities of the canton of Obwalden}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lungern| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Obwalden]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland]]