Editing Luzula

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the rush family Juncaceae}}
{{Redirect|Woodrush|the buoy tender|USCGC Woodrush (WLB-407){{!}}USCGC ''Woodrush'' (WLB-407)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Luzula sylvatica0.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Luzula sylvatica]]'', great wood-rush
|taxon = Luzula
|authority = [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]], [[conserved name]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=316121 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
|synonyms = 
*''Luciola'' <small>Sm., [[superfluous name]]</small>
*''Juncoides'' <small>Ség., rejected name</small>
*''Gymnodes'' <small>(Griseb.) Fourr.</small>
*''Nemorinia'' <small>Fourr.</small>
*''Cyperella'' <small>J.G.H.Kramer ex MacMill.</small>
*''Pterodes'' <small>(Griseb.) Börner</small>
*''Ebingeria'' <small>Chrtek & Krísa</small>
}}

'''''Luzula''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the rush family [[Juncaceae]]. The genus has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]], with species occurring throughout the world, especially in [[temperate climate|temperate]] regions, the [[Arctic]], and higher elevation areas in the [[tropics]].<ref name=fna>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=119122 |author=Janice Coffey Swab |chapter=''Luzula'' de Candolle in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. France, ed. 3. 1: 198; 3: 158. 1805 |title= Flora of North America |volume=22}}</ref> Plants of the genus are known commonly as '''wood-rush''',<ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7042 ''Luzula''.] Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref> '''wood rush''', or '''woodrush'''.<ref name=itis>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=39330 ''Luzula''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</ref> Possible origins of the genus name include the [[Italian language|Italian]] ''lucciola'' ("to shine, sparkle") or the [[Latin]] ''luzulae'' or ''luxulae'', from ''lux'' ("light"), inspired by the way the plants sparkle when wet with [[dew]].<ref name=fna/> Another etymology sometimes given is that it does derive from ''lucciola'' but that this meant a mid-summer field, or from the [[Latin]] [[:wikt:luculus|''luculus'']], meaning a small place; the same source also states that this name was applied by [[Luigi Anguillara]] (an Italian [[botanist]]) in 1561.<ref name="svalbard">{{cite web|url=http://svalbardflora.net/index.php?id=829 |title=Scientific names - meaning and origin |work=The Flora of Svalbard |publisher=svalbardflora.net |access-date=23 December 2013 |location=[[Svalbard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114900/http://svalbardflora.net/index.php?id=829 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

These rushes are usually [[perennial plant]]s with [[rhizome]]s and sometimes [[stolon]]s. They generally form clumps of cylindrical stems and narrow leaves with hair-lined edges. The [[inflorescence]] is often a dense cluster of flowers with two leaf-like [[bract]]s at the base, or sometimes a solitary flower or a few flowers borne together. They have six brownish [[tepal]]s.<ref name=fna/><ref name=jeps>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=9149 ''Luzula''.] The Jepson eFlora 2013.</ref>

''Luzula'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[smoky wainscot]]. Several moths of the genus ''[[Coleophora]]'' have been observed on the plants. ''[[Coleophora biforis]]'' and ''[[Coleophora otidipennella|C. otidipennella]]'' feed exclusively on ''Luzula''. ''[[Coleophora antennariella|C. antennariella]]'' is limited to ''Luzula pilosa'', and ''[[Coleophora sylvaticella|C. sylvaticella]]'' feeds only on ''L. sylvatica''.

Some species, notably ''[[Luzula sylvatica]]'' and its cultivars, are used as ornamental garden plants.

==Species==
There are around 140 species in the genus:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Juncaceae/Luzula/ |title=''Luzla'' |publisher=[[The Plant List]] |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref>
*''[[Luzula abchasica]]'' <small>Novikov</small>
*''[[Luzula abyssinica]]'' <small>Parl.</small>
*''[[Luzula acuminata]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''[[Luzula acutifolia]]'' <small>H. Nordensk.</small>
*''[[Luzula africana]]'' <small>Drège ''ex'' Steud.</small>
*''[[Luzula alopecuroides]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} 
*''[[Luzula alopecurus]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula alpestris]]'' <small>H. Nordensk.</small>
*''[[Luzula alpina]]'' <small>Hoppe</small>
*''[[Luzula alpinopilosa]]'' <small>(Chaix) Breistr.</small>
*''[[Luzula antarctica]]'' <small>Hook. f.</small>
*''[[Luzula arcuata]]'' <small>(Wahlenb.) Sw.</small>
*''[[Luzula atlantica]]'' <small>Braun-Blanq.</small>
*''[[Luzula atrata]]'' <small>Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula australasica]]'' <small>Steud.</small>
*''[[Luzula banksiana]]'' <small>E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula × bogdanii]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula bomiensis]]'' <small>K. F. Wu</small>
*''[[Luzula × bornmuelleriana]]'' <small>Kük.</small>
*''[[Luzula × borreri]]'' <small>Bromf. ''ex'' Bab.</small>
*''[[Luzula brachyphylla]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
*''[[Luzula bulbosa]]'' <small>(Alph. Wood) Smyth & L. C. Smyth</small>
*''[[Luzula caespitosa]]'' <small>(E. Mey.) Steud.</small>
*''[[Luzula calabra]]'' <small>Ten.</small>
*''[[Luzula campestris]]'' <small>(L.) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula canariensis]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
*''[[Luzula capitata]]'' <small>(Miq. ''ex'' Franch. & Sav.) Kom.</small>
*''[[Luzula caricina]]'' <small>E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula celata]]'' <small>Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula chilensis]]'' <small>Nees & Meyen ''ex'' Kunth</small>
*''[[Luzula colensoi]]'' <small>Hook. f.</small>
*''[[Luzula comosa]]'' <small>E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula confusa]]'' <small>Lindeb.</small>
*''[[Luzula congesta]]'' <small>(Thuill.) Lej.</small>
*''[[Luzula crenulata]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula crinita]]'' <small>Hook. f.</small>
*''[[Luzula × danica]]'' <small>H. Nordensk. & Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula decipiens]]'' <small>Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula densiflora]]'' <small>(H. Nordensk.) Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula denticulata]]'' <small>Liebm.</small>
*''[[Luzula desvauxii]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
*''[[Luzula divaricata]]'' <small>S. Watson</small>
*''[[Luzula divulgata]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula divulgatiformis]]'' <small>Bačič & Jogan</small>
*''[[Luzula echinata]]'' <small>(Small) F. J. Herm.</small>
*''[[Luzula ecuadoriensis]]'' <small>Balslev</small>
*''[[Luzula effusa]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula elegans]]'' <small>Lowe</small>
*''[[Luzula excelsa]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula exspectata]]'' <small>Bačič & Jogan</small>
*''[[Luzula fallax]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula × favratii]]'' <small>K. Richt.</small>
*''[[Luzula flaccida]]'' <small>(Buchenau) Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula formosana]]'' <small>Ohwi</small>
*''[[Luzula forsteri]]'' <small>(Sm.) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula × gayana]]'' <small>Font Quer & Rothm.</small>
*''[[Luzula gigantea]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula glabrata]]'' <small>(Hoppe) Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula groenlandica]]'' <small>Böcher</small>
*''[[Luzula × hasleri]]'' <small>Murr</small>
*''[[Luzula hawaiiensis]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula × heddae]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula × hermannii-muelleri]]'' <small>Asch. & Graebn.</small>
*''[[Luzula hitchcockii]]'' <small>[[Leena Hämet-Ahti|Hämet-Ahti]]</small>
*''[[Luzula × hybrida]]'' <small>H. Lindb. ''ex'' Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula ignivoma]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula inaequalis]]'' <small>K. F. Wu</small>
*''[[Luzula indica]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula jimboi]]'' <small>Miyabe & Kudo</small>
*''[[Luzula × johannis-principis]]'' <small>Murr</small>
*''[[Luzula johnstonii]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula kjellmaniana]]'' <small>Miyabe & Kudo</small>
*''[[Luzula kobayasii]]'' <small>Satake</small>
*''[[Luzula lactea]]'' <small>(Link) E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula leiboldii]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula leptophylla]]'' <small>Buchenau & Petrie</small>
*''[[Luzula × levieri]]'' <small>Asch. & Graebn.</small>
*''[[Luzula longiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Luzula lutea]]'' <small>(All.) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula lutescens]]'' <small>(Koidz.) Kirschner & Miyam.</small>
*''[[Luzula luzulina]]'' <small>(Vill.) Racib.</small>
*''[[Luzula luzuloides]]'' <small>(Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott</small>
*''[[Luzula mannii]]'' <small>(Buchenau) Kirschner & Cheek</small>
*''[[Luzula masafuerana]]'' <small>Skottsb.</small>
*''[[Luzula × media]]'' <small>Kirschner</small>
*''[[Luzula melanocarpa]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula mendocina]]'' <small>Barros</small>
*''[[Luzula meridionalis]]'' <small>H. Nordensk.</small>
*''[[Luzula modesta]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula multiflora]]'' <small>(Ehrh.) Lej.</small>
*''[[Luzula nipponica]]'' <small>(Satake) Kirschner & Miyam.</small>
*''[[Luzula nivalis]]'' <small>(Laest.) Spreng.</small>
*''[[Luzula nivea]]'' <small>(Nathh.) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula nodulosa]]'' <small>E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula novae-cambriae]]'' <small>Gand.</small>
*''[[Luzula oligantha]]'' <small>Sam.</small>
*''[[Luzula orestera]]'' <small>Sharsm.</small>
*''[[Luzula ostenii]]'' <small>(Mattf.) Herter</small>
*''[[Luzula ovata]]'' <small>Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula pallescens]]'' <small>Sw.</small>
*''[[Luzula papuana]]'' <small>M. E. Jansen</small>
*''[[Luzula parviflora]]'' <small>(Ehrh.) Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula pedemontana]]'' <small>Boiss. & Reut.</small>
*''[[Luzula pediformis]]'' <small>(Chaix) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula peruviana]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula × pfaffii]]'' <small>Murr</small>
*''[[Luzula philippinensis]]'' <small>M. E. Jansen</small>
*''[[Luzula picta]]'' <small>A. Rich.</small>
*''[[Luzula pilosa]]'' <small>(L.) Willd.</small>
*''[[Luzula pindica]]'' <small>(Hausskn.) Chrtek & Krísa</small>
*''[[Luzula piperi]]'' <small>(Coville) M. E. Jones</small>
*''[[Luzula plumosa]]'' <small>E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula poimena]]'' <small>W. M. Curtis</small>
*''[[Luzula pumila]]'' <small>Hook. f.</small>
*''[[Luzula purpureosplendens]]'' <small>Seub.</small>
*''[[Luzula racemosa]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula × romanica]]'' <small>J. Dvorák & Vorel</small>
*''[[Luzula rufa]]'' <small>Edgar</small>
*''[[Luzula rufescens]]'' <small>Fisch. ''ex'' E. Mey.</small>
*''[[Luzula ruiz-lealii]]'' <small>Barros</small>
*''[[Luzula seubertii]]'' <small>Lowe</small>
*''[[Luzula × sichuanensis]]'' <small>K. F. Wu</small>
*''[[Luzula × somedana]]'' <small>Fern-Carv. & Fern. Prieto</small>
*''[[Luzula spicata]]'' <small>(L.) DC.</small>
*''[[Luzula stenophylla]]'' <small>Steud.</small>
*''[[Luzula subcapitata]]'' <small>(Rydb.) H. D. Harr.</small>
*''[[Luzula subcongesta]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Jeps.</small>
*''[[Luzula subsessilis]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula sudetica]]'' <small>(Willd.) Schult.</small>
*''[[Luzula sylvatica]]'' <small>(Huds.) Gaudin</small>
*''[[Luzula taiwaniana]]'' <small>Satake</small>
*''[[Luzula taurica]]'' <small>(V. I. Krecz.) Novikov</small>
*''[[Luzula traversii]]'' <small>(Buchenau) Cheeseman</small>
*''[[Luzula tristachya]]'' <small>Desv.</small>
*''[[Luzula ulei]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
*''[[Luzula ulophylla]]'' <small>(Buchenau) Cockayne & Laing</small>
*''[[Luzula × vinesii]]'' <small>Murr</small>
*''[[Luzula vulcanica]]'' <small>Liebm.</small>
*''[[Luzula wahlenbergii]]'' <small>Rupr.</small>
*''[[Luzula × wettsteinii]]'' <small>Buchenau</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Luzula|short=x}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q157588}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Luzula| ]]
[[Category:Poales genera]]