Editing M1 Garand

{{short description|American semi-automatic rifle}}
{{Redirect|Garand}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1
| image              = M1 Garand rifle USA noBG new.png
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = M1 Garand rifle from the collection of the [[Swedish Army Museum]], Stockholm
| type               = [[Semi-automatic rifle]]
| service            = {{plainlist|
*1936–1957 (as the standard U.S. service rifle)<ref>U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). Springfield Armory: The best battle implement ever devised (U.S. National Park Service). National Park Service. Retrieved 18 February 2023, from https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005120441/https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm|archive-date=5 October 2022}}</ref>
*1940s–present (other countries)}}
| wars               = {{plainlist|
* [[World War II]]
* [[Chinese Civil War]]
* [[Indonesian National Revolution]]
* [[Korean War]]
* [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
* [[Hukbalahap Rebellion]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The M1903 Springfield Rifle |series=Weapon 23 |first=Leroy |last=Thompson |date=20 February 2013 |isbn=9781780960111|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXKICwAAQBAJ |page=63}}</ref>
* [[Indo-Pakistani Wars]]
* [[First Indochina War]]
* [[Algerian War]]<ref name ="Algeria">{{cite magazine |language=fr |magazine=Gazette des Armes |issue=220 |date=March 1992 |title=L'armement français en A.F.N. |pages=12–16 |url=http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-14-15-texte-integral}}</ref>
* [[Suez Crisis]]
* [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]]
* [[1958 Lebanon crisis]]
* [[Cuban Revolution]]<ref name="mcnab2002">{{cite book |last=McNab |first=Chris |title=20th Century Military Uniforms |year=2002 |edition=2nd |publisher=Grange Books |location=Kent |isbn=978-1-84013-476-6 |page=49}}</ref>
* [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1961 |series=Elite 166 |first=Alejandro |last= de Quesada |date=10 January 2009 |isbn=978-1-84603-323-0 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=60–61}}</ref>
* [[Vietnam War]]
* [[Laotian Civil War]]
* [[1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War]]
* [[Dominican Civil War]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Power Pack: U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965-1966 |series=Leavenworth Papers, Number 15|last=Yates|first= Lawrence A. |date=July 1988|page= 123|publisher= [[United States Army Command and General Staff College]]|url= https://history.army.mil/html/bookshelves/resmat/dom_republic/Power_Pack-US_Intervention_Dominican_Republic_1965-1966.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150906182310/http://www.history.army.mil/html/bookshelves/resmat/dom_republic/Power_Pack-US_Intervention_Dominican_Republic_1965-1966.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date= 6 September 2015}}</ref>
* [[Six-Day War]]<ref name="Arabs">{{cite book |title=Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 1948–73 |series=Men-at-Arms 128 |first=John |last=Laffin |date=15 June 1982 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-0-85045-451-2 |page=34}}</ref>
* [[Football War]]
* [[Cambodian Civil War]]
* [[Black September]]<ref name="Arabs2">{{cite book |title=Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2) |url=https://archive.org/details/arabarmiesmiddle02katz |url-access=limited |series=Men-at-Arms 128 |first=Sam |last=Katz |date=24 March 1988 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-0-85045-800-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/arabarmiesmiddle02katz/page/n38 40]–41}}</ref>
* [[Sandinista Revolution]]
* [[Angolan Civil War]]
* [[Lebanese Civil War]]
* [[Iran–Iraq War]]
* [[War in Afghanistan]]
* [[First Liberian Civil War]]
* [[Gulf War]]
* [[The Troubles]]<ref name="mult">{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Taylor (journalist) |title=Provos The IRA & Sinn Féin |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-84908-621-9 |page=62}}</ref>
* [[Operation Uphold Democracy]]
* [[Maluku sectarian conflict]]
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Syrian civil war]]}}
| designer           = [[John Garand|John C. Garand]]
| number             = 5,468,772<ref>{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=Leroy |title=The M1 Garand |publisher=Osprey |year=2012|location=Oxford |page=33 |isbn=978-1-84908-621-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-C6CwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
| spec_label         = 
| length             = {{convert|43.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| action             = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[Closed bolt|closed]] [[rotating bolt]]
| origin             = United States
<!-- SEE TALK PAGE BEFORE CHANGING WEAPON TYPE-->| is_ranged          = yes
| used_by            = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
| design_date        = 1928
| manufacturer       = {{plainlist|
* [[Springfield Armory]]
* [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company|Winchester]]
* [[H & R Firearms|Harrington & Richardson]]
* [[International Harvester]]
* [[Beretta]]
* Breda<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/pdf/Berettatypee.pdf |title=The Beretta "Type E" Garand, Variations on John Garand's Combat Proven M1 |magazine=The Small Arms Review |volume=7 |issue=9 |date=June 2004 |last=Ball |first=Bill |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027203952/http://www.smallarmsreview.com/pdf/Berettatypee.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2011}}</ref>
* F.M.A.P.
* [[Springfield Armory, Inc.]] (civilian)
* McCann Industries (civilian)}}
| unit_cost          = About $85 (during World War II) ({{Inflation|US|85|1943|r=-1|fmt=eq}})
| production_date    = 1934–1957
| variants           = ''See [[#Variants|Variants]]''
| weight             = {{convert|9.5|lb|kg|2|abbr=on}} to {{convert|11.6|lb|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|24|in|abbr=on|1}}
| cartridge          = {{Plainlist|
* [[.30-06 Springfield]]
* [[7.62×51mm NATO]]
}}
| rate               = 40–50 rounds/min
| velocity           = {{convert|2800|ft/s|0|abbr=on}}
| range              = {{convert|500|yd|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biggerhammer.net/manuals/tm9100522212/M1GARA.PDF |title=U.S. Department of the Army Technical Manual No. 9-1005-222-12 |page=13 |date=17 March 1969 |access-date=18 May 2007 |via=Biggerhammer.net}}</ref>
| feed               = 8-round [[Clip (ammunition)#En bloc|''en bloc'' clip]], [[internal box magazine]]<ref>Fortier, D. M. (Ed.). (2021, 15 April). The M1 Garand rifle, what made it great?. Firearms News. https://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/m1-garand-rifle-what-made-it-great/391738</ref>
| sights             = * Rear: adjustable aperture
* Front: wing protected post
}}

The '''M1 Garand''' or '''M1 rifle'''<!--This is the spelling on the title page, don't change it!--><ref group="nb">Officially designated as '''U.S. rifle, caliber .30, M1''', later simply called '''Rifle, Caliber .30, M1''', also called '''US Rifle, Cal. .30, M1'''</ref> is a [[semi-automatic rifle]] that was the [[service rifle]] of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] during [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]].

The rifle is chambered for the [[.30-06 Springfield]] cartridge and is named after its [[Canadian Americans|Canadian-American]] designer, [[John Garand]]. It was the first standard-issue [[autoloading rifle]] for the United States.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=US Rifle, Caliber .30in ('Garand'), M1-M1E9, MiC, M1D, T26 |last1=Hogg |first1=Ian V. |last2=Weeks |first2=John |date=1977 |edition=2nd |title=Military Small-Arms of the 20th Century |location=London |publisher=Arms & Armour Press |page=183 |isbn=978-0-88254-436-6}}</ref> By most accounts, the M1 rifle performed well. General [[George S. Patton]] called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/springfieldarmoryww2.htm |title=The Best Battle Implement Ever Devised |website=[[Springfield Armory]] |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="Pendergast 2000 102">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pendergast |first1=Sara |last2=Pendergast |first2=Tom |title=Firearms| encyclopedia=St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture |page=102 |publisher=St. James Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55862-405-4}}</ref> The M1 replaced the ([[bolt-action]]) [[M1903 Springfield]] as the U.S. service rifle in 1936,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thegca.org/history-of-the-m1-garand-rifle/ |title=History of the M1 Garand Rifle |first=Bob |last=Seijas |website=Garand Collectors Association |language=en-US |access-date=3 December 2019}}</ref> and was itself replaced by the ([[selective fire|selective-fire]]) [[M14 rifle]] on 26 March 1958.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/4/28/the-m14-rifle-john-garand-s-final-legacy/ |title=The M14 Rifle: John Garand's Final Legacy |first=Bruce |last=Canfield |date=28 April 2016 |magazine=[[American Rifleman]] |language=en |access-date=3 December 2019}}</ref>

==Pronunciation==
Sources differ on the pronunciation of the M1 Garand. Some, such as General [[Julian Hatcher|Julian Hatcher's]] ''The Book of the Garand'' (1948), give {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ær|ən|d}} {{respell|GARR|ənd}}, identical to the pronunciation of John Garand's surname.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hatcher |first=Julian S. |author-link=Julian Hatcher |date=1983 |orig-year=1948 |edition=Reprint |title=The Book of the Garand |location=Highland Park, New Jersey |publisher=Gun Room Press |isbn=0-88227-014-1 |page=1 |quote=Pronounced with the ''G'' hard as in ''go'', and the stress on the first syllable, to rhyme with ''parent'' (except that the final sound is ''d'' instead of ''t'').}}</ref> However, a 1952 issue of ''Armed Forces Talk'', a periodical published by the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]], gives the pronunciation as {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|d}} {{respell|gə|RAND}}, saying "popular usage has placed the accent on the second syllable, so that the rifle has become the 'guh-RAND{{'"}}.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Development of the Garand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOkLauZ-GBoC&pg=RA1-PA10 |magazine=Armed Forces Talk |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Armed Forces Information and Education Division, Office of the Secretary of Defense |date=1952-01-18 |page=10 |access-date=2022-05-02}}</ref> ''[[American Rifleman]]'' magazine, while acknowledging {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|d}} {{respell|gə|RAND}} as the pronunciation favored by U.S. servicemen, deemed either pronunciation valid.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/garand-name-pronunciation-who-s-right/ |title=Garand Name Pronunciation: Who's Right? |last=Keefe IV |first=Mark A. |date=2012-03-12 |website=American Rifleman |publisher=The National Rifle Association of America |access-date=2022-05-02}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg|thumb|M1 Garand with ''en bloc'' clips]]
[[File:US Army Museum of Hawaii - IMG 2436.JPG|thumb|upright|M1 Garand displayed with ''en bloc'' clip at U.S. Army Museum of Hawaii]]

===Development===
[[French Canadian]]-born Garand<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hambucken |first=Denis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TvjtDwAAQBAJ&dq=French+Canadian-born+Garand&pg=PA34 |title=A G.I. in The Ardennes: The Battle of the Bulge |date=2020-02-28 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1-5267-5621-3 |language=en}}</ref> went to work at the United States Army's [[Springfield Armory]] and began working on a .30 caliber [[Blowback (arms)|primer actuated blowback]] [[Garand Model 1919|Model 1919]] prototype. In 1924, twenty-four rifles, identified as "M1922s", were built at Springfield. At [[Fort Benning]] during 1925, they were tested against models by [[Berthier rifle|Berthier]], Hatcher-Bang, [[Thompson Autorifle|Thompson]], and [[Pedersen rifle|Pedersen]], the latter two being [[blowback (arms)|delayed blowback]] types.<ref name="rifles142">{{cite book |last=Walter |first=John |title=Rifles of the World |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2006 |location=Iola, WI |page=142 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-89689-241-5}}</ref> This led to a further trial of an improved "M1924" Garand against the Thompson, ultimately producing an inconclusive report.<ref name="rifles142"/> As a result, the [[Ordnance Board]] ordered a .30-06 Garand variant. In March 1927, the cavalry board reported trials among the Thompson, Garand, and '03 Springfield had not led to a clear winner. This led to a gas-operated .276 (7&nbsp;mm) model (patented by Garand on 12 April 1930).<ref name="rifles142"/>

In early 1928, both the [[infantry]] and [[cavalry]] boards ran trials with the [[Pedersen rifle|.276 Pedersen T1]] rifle, calling it "highly promising"<ref name="rifles142"/> (despite its use of [[wax]]ed ammunition,<ref name=FitzV19>Fitzsimons, ''op. cit.'', Volume 19, p. 2092, "Pedersen", describes the ammunition as "lubricated".</ref> shared by the Thompson).<ref name=Hatcher>{{cite book |last=Hatcher |first=Julian S. |date=1947 |title=Hatcher's Notebook |location=Harrisburg, PA |publisher=Military Service Publishing Co. |pages=44–46, 155–156, 165–166}}</ref> On 13 August 1928, a semiautomatic rifle board (SRB) carried out joint Army, [[United States Navy|Navy]], and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] trials among the .30 Thompson, both cavalry and infantry versions of the T1 Pedersen, "M1924" Garand, and [[M1922 Bang rifle|.256 Bang]], and on 21 September, the board reported no clear winner. The .30 Garand, however, was dropped in favor of the .276.<ref name="Walter143">{{cite book |last=Walter |first=John |title=Rifles of the World |publisher=Krause Publications|year=2006 |location=Iola, WI |page=143 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-89689-241-5}}</ref>

Further tests by the SRB in July 1929, which included rifle designs by Colt–Browning, Garand, [[Holek]], Pedersen, [[Rheinmetall]], Thompson, and an incomplete one by White,{{refn|group=nb|Additional trials in 1930 found Bostonian Joseph White's rifles insufficiently robust.<ref name="Walter143"/>}} led to a recommendation that work on the (dropped) .30 gas-operated Garand be resumed, and a T1E1 was ordered 14 November 1929.

Twenty gas-operated .276 T3E2 Garands were made and competed with T1 Pedersen rifles in early 1931. The .276 Garand was the clear winner of these trials. The .30 caliber Garand was also tested, in the form of a single T1E1, but was withdrawn with a cracked bolt on 9 October 1931. A 4 January 1932 meeting recommended adoption of the .276 caliber and production of approximately 125 T3E2s. Meanwhile, Garand redesigned his bolt and his improved T1E2 rifle was retested. The day after the successful conclusion of this test, [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Army Chief of Staff]] [[Douglas MacArthur|General Douglas MacArthur]] personally disapproved any caliber change, in part because there were extensive existing stocks of .30 M1 ball ammunition.<ref name=FitzV10>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Fitzsimons |editor-first=Bernard |title=Garand |date=1977 |encyclopedia=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Weapons and Warfare |location=London |publisher=Phoebus |pages=1088 |volume=10}}</ref> On 25 February 1932, Adjutant General John B. Shuman, speaking for the Secretary of War, ordered work on the rifles and ammunition in .276 caliber cease immediately and completely, and all resources be directed toward identification and correction of deficiencies in the Garand .30 caliber.<ref name=Hatcher />{{rp|111}}

On 3 August 1933, the T1E2 became the "semi-automatic rifle, caliber 30, M1".<ref name="rifles142"/> In May 1934, 75 M1s went to field trials; 50 went to infantry, 25 to cavalry units.<ref name=Hatcher />{{rp|113}} Numerous problems were reported, forcing the rifle to be modified, yet again, before it could be recommended for service and cleared for procurement on 7 November 1935, then standardized 9 January 1936.<ref name="rifles142"/> The first production model was successfully proof-fired, function-fired, and fired for accuracy on 21 July 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olive-drab.com/od_other_firearms_rifle_m1garand.php3 |title=Military Firearms: M1 Garand Rifle |website=Olive-Drab.com |access-date=3 October 2008}}</ref>

Production difficulties delayed deliveries to the Army until September 1937. Machine production began at Springfield Armory that month at a rate of ten rifles per day,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The First Garands |first=Bruce N. |last=Canfield |date=September 2011 |magazine=American Rifleman |pages=68–75 & 93}}</ref> and reached an output of 100 per day within two years. Despite going into production status, design issues were not at an end. The barrel, gas cylinder, and front sight assembly were redesigned and entered production in early 1940. Existing "gas-trap" rifles were recalled and retrofitted, mirroring problems with the earlier [[M1903 Springfield rifle]] that also had to be recalled and reworked approximately three years into production and foreshadowing rework of the [[M16 rifle]] at a similar point in its development. Production of the Garand increased in 1940 despite these difficulties,<ref name="Brown">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Jerold E. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2000 |page=286 |isbn=978-0-313-29322-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000unse_n0c7/page/286}}</ref> reaching 600 a day by 10 January 1941,<ref name="rifles142"/> and the Army was fully equipped by the end of 1941.<ref name=FitzV10 /> Following the outbreak of World War II in Europe, [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company|Winchester]] was awarded an "educational" production contract for 65,000 rifles,<ref name="rifles142"/> with deliveries beginning in 1943.<ref name="rifles142"/>

===Service use===
[[File:En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg|thumb|left|John Garand (left) points out features of the M1 to army generals]]
[[File:George Patton - Letter to Springfield Armory, 26 Jan 1945, M1 Garand.jpg|thumb|left|George Patton letter to Springfield Armory on the M1 Garand, 26 January 1945]]
[[File:Infantryman in 1942 with M1 Garand, Fort Knox, KY.jpg|thumb|left|U.S. Army infantryman in 1942 with M1 in front of an [[M3 half-track|M3]] [[half-track]] at [[Fort Knox]], Kentucky]]
[[File:USMC-120305-M-PG598-002.jpg|thumb|upright|U.S. Marine Corps Silent Drill Team with M1 rifles]]

The M1 Garand was made in large numbers during World War II; approximately 5.4 million were made.<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Small Arms of the 20th Century |edition=7th |last1=Hogg |first1=Ian V. |last2=Weeks |first2=John S. |publisher=Krause Publications |date=10 February 2000 |page=286 |isbn=978-0-87341-824-9}}</ref> They were used by every branch of the United States military. The rifle generally performed well. [[George S. Patton|General George S. Patton]] called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised."<ref name="Pendergast 2000 102"/> The typical opponent of a US soldier during World War II was usually armed with a slower-firing [[bolt action|bolt-action rifle]] (e.g. the [[Karabiner 98k]] for Germany, the [[Carcano|Carcano M1891]] for Italy, and the [[Arisaka|Type 38 or Type 99 Arisaka rifle]] for Japan). The effect of faster-firing infantry small arms in general soon stimulated both Allied and [[Axis Powers|Axis forces]] to greatly increase their issue of semi- and [[Automatic firearm|fully automatic]] firearms then in production, as well as to develop new types of infantry firearms.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II |place=New York |publisher=Orbis Publishing Ltd|year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7607-1022-7}}</ref>

Many M1s were repaired or rebuilt after World War II. While U.S. forces were still engaged in the Korean War, the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] decided more were needed. Springfield Armory ramped up production, but two new contracts were awarded. During 1953–56, M1s were produced by [[International Harvester]] and [[H & R Firearms|Harrington & Richardson]] in which International Harvester alone produced a total of 337,623 M1 Garands.<ref>{{Cite book |author=United States Congress House Appropriations|title=Department of the Army Appropriations for 1954: Hearings, 83rd Congress, 1st Session |year=1953 |pages=1336|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOhjvr1boScC |place=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Congress}}.</ref><ref name="Canfield2015">{{cite magazine |title=Cold War Warrior |first=Bruce N. |last=Canfield |date=November 2015 |magazine=American Rifleman |pages=54–99}}</ref> A final, very small, lot of M1s was produced by Springfield Armory in early 1957, using finished components already on hand. [[Beretta]] also produced Garands using Winchester tooling.

In 1939, the [[British Army]] looked at the M1 as a possible replacement for its bolt-action [[Lee–Enfield|Lee–Enfield No.1 Mk. III]], but decided against it as by January 1940 the [[Birmingham Small Arms Company]] was already preparing production of the Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk 1.{{Sfn|Thompson|2012|p=59}} However, [[Military surplus|surplus]] M1 rifles were provided as foreign aid to American allies, including South Korea, West Germany, Italy, Japan, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran]], South Vietnam, the Philippines, etc. Most Garands shipped to allied nations were predominantly manufactured by International Harvester Corporation during the period of 1953–1956, and second from Springfield Armory from all periods.<ref name="Canfield2015" />

Some Garands were still being used by the United States into the [[Vietnam War]] in 1963; despite the [[M14 rifle|M14]]'s official adoption in 1958, it was not until 1965 that the changeover from the M1 Garand was fully completed in the active-duty component of the Army (with the exception of the [[Sniper rifle|sniper]] variants, which were introduced in World War II and saw action in Korea and Vietnam). The Garand remained in service with the [[United States Army Reserve|Army Reserve]], [[Army National Guard]], and the [[United States Navy|Navy]] into the early 1970s. The South Korean Army was using M1 Garands in the Vietnam War until late 60s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/amsoldier5.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231104627/http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/amsoldier5.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2007 |title=Prints and Posters: The American Soldier, 1966 - by H. Charles McBarron |work=Center of Military History}}</ref><ref name="Spokesman 1967">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujdWAAAAIBAJ&q=M16 |title=U.S. Plans M16s for Viets, Koreans |publisher=The Spokesman-Review |date=1967-03-11 |language=en}}</ref>

Due to widespread United States military assistance as well as their durability, M1 Garands have also been found in use in recent conflicts such as with the insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Some military drill teams still use the M1 rifle, including the [[United States Marine Corps Drill Team|U.S. Marine Corps Silent Drill Team]], the United States Air Force Academy Cadet Honor Guard, the [[Civil Air Patrol|U.S. Air Force Auxiliary]], almost all [[Reserve Officer Training Corps]] (ROTC) and some [[Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps]] (JROTC) teams of all branches of the U.S. military.{{citation needed |date=October 2019}} It is also used by the drill team of [[Hans Majestet Kongens Garde|His Majesty the King's Guard]] of Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snl.no/Hans_Majestet_Kongens_Garde|title=Hans Majestet Kongens Garde|date=15 March 2021}}</ref>

==Design details==

===Features===
[[File:garandparts.jpg|thumb|upright=2.25|The M1 Garand with important parts labeled]]

The M1 rifle is a [[.30-06 Springfield|.30 caliber]], [[gas-operated]], eight-shot clip-fed, [[semi-automatic rifle]].<ref name="Popenker">{{cite web |last=Popenker |first=Max |url=http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl05-e.htm |title=Modern Firearms: Rifle M1 Garand |website=WorldGuns.ru |access-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002055115/http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl05-e.htm |archive-date=2 October 2008}}</ref> It is {{convert|43.6|in|mm|0|sp=us}} long and it weighs about {{convert|9.5|lb|kg|2}}.<ref name="easy39th.com">{{cite book |url=http://www.easy39th.com/korea/files/FM_23-5_U.S._Rifle_Caliber_.30,_M1_1951.pdf |title=U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1 |author=Departments of the Army and the Air Force |date=October 1951 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |via=Easy39th.com}}</ref>

The M1's [[Safety (firearms)|safety catch]] is located at the front of the [[trigger guard]], easily operated by the trigger finger. It is engaged when it is pressed rearward into the trigger guard, and disengaged when it is pushed forward and is protruding outside of the trigger guard.<ref name="Mangrum">{{cite web |last=Mangrum |first=Jamie |year=2004 |title=M1 Garand Operations: Loading and Unloading |url=http://www.surplusrifle.com/garand/operations.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812202036/http://surplusrifle.com/garand/operations.asp |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=15 November 2005 |website=SurplusRifle.com}}</ref>

The M1 Garand was designed for simple assembly and disassembly to facilitate field maintenance. It can be field stripped (broken down) without tools in just a few seconds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civilianmarksmanship.com/fieldstrip.html |title=Field Stripping the M1 Garand |website=Civilian Marksmanship Program |access-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915225950/http://www.civilianmarksmanship.com/fieldstrip.html |archive-date=15 September 2008}}</ref>

The rifle has an [[iron sight]] line consisting of rear receiver aperture sight protected by sturdy "ears" calibrated for {{convert|100|-|1200|yd|m|0|abbr=on}} in {{convert|100|yd|m|0|abbr=on}} increments. The bullet drop compensation is set by turning the range knob to the appropriate range setting. The bullet drop compensation/range knob can be fine adjusted by setting the rear sight elevation pinion. The elevation pinion can be fine adjusted in approximately one [[Minute and second of arc#Firearms|MOA]] increments. The aperture sight is also able to correct for wind drift operated by turning a windage knob that moves the sight in approximately one MOA increments. The windage lines on the receiver to indicate the windage setting are four MOA apart. The front sighting element consists of a wing-guard-protected front post.

During [[World War II]] the M1 rifle's semiautomatic operation gave United States infantrymen a significant advantage in firepower and shot-to-shot recovery time over enemy infantrymen armed primarily with bolt-action rifles. The semi-automatic operation and reduced recoil allowed soldiers to fire eight rounds as quickly as they could pull the trigger, without having to move their hands on the rifle and therefore disrupt their firing position and point of aim.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon L. |title=U.S. Marine Rifleman 1939–45: Pacific Theater |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |year=2006 |pages=27–28 |isbn=978-1-84176-972-1}}</ref> The Garand's fire rate, in the hands of a trained soldier, averaged 40–50 accurate shots per minute at a range of 300 yards (270 m). "At ranges over 500 yards (460 m), a battlefield target is hard for the average rifleman to hit. Therefore, 500 yards (460 m) is considered the maximum effective range, even though the rifle is accurate at much greater ranges."<ref name="easy39th.com"/>

===''En bloc'' clip===
[[File:Garand clip.jpg|thumb|right|An M1 Garand ''en bloc'' clip loaded with eight [[.30-06 Springfield]] rounds]]
[[File:M1 Garand rifle being loaded.png|thumb|Loading the M1]]
[[File:M1clip.jpg|thumb|Unloading an M1 ''en bloc'' clip]]

The M1 rifle is fed by a reversible [[Clip (ammunition)#En bloc|''en bloc'' clip]] which holds eight rounds of [[.30-06 Springfield]] ammunition. When the last [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] is fired, the rifle ejects the clip and locks the bolt open.<ref name="Karwan">{{Cite magazine |last=Karwan |first=Charles |title=History in your hands: Springfield Armory's new M1 Garand: the most significant rifle of the 20th Century is once again available to the American shooter |magazine=[[Guns (magazine)|Guns]] |date=October 2002 |page=44}}</ref> The M1 is then ready to reload. Once the clip is inserted, the bolt snaps forward on its own as soon as thumb pressure is released from the top round of the clip, chambering a round and leaving it ready to fire.<ref>{{cite web |website=Springfield Armory |year=2001 |url=http://www.springfield-armory.com/Manuals/M1GarandManual.pdf |title=Springfield Armory M1 Garand Operating Manual |access-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109091157/http://www.springfield-armory.com/Manuals/M1GarandManual.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Department">{{cite web |website=Department of the Army |year=1965 |url=http://www.biggerhammer.net/manuals/garand/m1.htm |title=FM 23-5 |access-date=3 October 2008}}</ref>

Contrary to widespread misconception, partially expended or full clips can be easily ejected from the rifle by means of the clip latch button.<ref name="Mangrum"/> It is also possible to load single cartridges into a partially loaded clip while the clip is still in the magazine, but this requires both hands and a bit of practice. In reality, this procedure was rarely performed in combat, as the danger of getting debris inside the action along with the cartridges increased the chances of malfunction. Instead, it was much easier and quicker to simply manually eject the clip, and insert a fresh one,<ref>"FM 23-100", Department of the Army (1943)</ref> which is how the rifle was originally designed to be operated.<ref name= "Department"/><ref name="George">{{cite book |last=George |first=John B. |year=1981|orig-date=1948 |title=Shots Fired In Anger |publisher=The Samworth Press |isbn=0-935998-42-X}}</ref><ref name="Dunlap"/> Later, special clips holding two (8+2=10 for target shooting) or five rounds (to meet hunting regulations) became available on the civilian market, as well as a single-loading device which stays in the rifle when the bolt locks back.

In battle, the manual of arms called for the rifle to be fired until empty, and then recharged quickly. Due to the well-developed logistical system of the U.S. military at the time, this consumption of ammunition was generally not critical, though this could change in the case of units that came under intense fire or were flanked or surrounded by enemy forces.<ref name="George"/> When using the rifle to launch grenades, it requires the removal of a partially loaded clip of ball ammunition and replacement with a clip of M3 rifle grenade cartridges.<ref name="Department"/>

Officials in Army Ordnance circles demanded a fixed, non-protruding magazine for the new service rifle. At the time, it was believed that a detachable magazine on a general-issue service rifle would be easily lost by U.S. soldiers (a criticism made of British soldiers and the [[Lee–Enfield]] dozens of years previously), would render the weapon too susceptible to clogging from dirt and debris and that a protruding magazine would complicate existing manual-of-arms drills. As a result, inventor [[John Garand]] developed an ''en bloc'' clip system that allowed ammunition to be inserted from above, clip included, into the fixed magazine. While this design provided the requisite flush-mount magazine, the clip system increased the rifle's weight and complexity, and made only single loading ammunition possible without a clip.

Ejection of an empty clip created a distinctive metallic "clanging" sound.<ref name="Bishop">{{cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |year=2002 |page=223 |isbn=978-1-58663-762-0}}</ref> In World War II, it was rumored that German and Japanese infantry were making use of this noise in combat to alert them to an empty M1 rifle in order to catch their American enemies with an unloaded rifle. It was reported that the U.S. Army's [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] began experiments with clips made of various plastics in order to soften the sound, though no improved clips were ever adopted.<ref name="Dunlap">{{cite book |last=Dunlap |first=Roy F. |title=Ordnance Went Up Front |publisher=The Samworth Press |year=1996 |orig-date=1948 |isbn=978-1-884849-09-1}}</ref> Conversely, former German soldiers have said that the sound was inaudible during engagements and not particularly useful when heard, as other squad members might have been nearby ready to fire.<ref>{{cite journal |author=((CW5 Charles D. Petrie, U.S. Army)) |title=More On The "Ping" |journal=American Rifleman |date=April 2012 |page=42}}</ref> Due to the often intense deafening noise of combat and gunfire it is highly unlikely any U.S. servicemen were killed as a result of being given away by the clang noise; however some soldiers still took the issue very seriously.<ref>{{cite book |last=Canfield |first=Bruce |date=1998 |title=The Complete Guide to the M1 Garand and the M1 Carbine |location=Lincoln, RI |publisher=Andrew Mowbray Publishers |pages=69–70 |isbn=0-917218-83-3}}</ref> Some U.S. veterans recalling combat in Europe are convinced that German soldiers did respond to the ejection clang, and would throw an empty clip down to simulate the sound so the enemy would expose themselves.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 March 2021|title=SURROUNDED BY THE ENEMY: WWII Veteran Describes Fighting for Survival!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTck52FZj9Q| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/PTck52FZj9Q| archive-date=2021-10-30|access-date=29 March 2021|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Gas system===
[[File:Garandpatents.gif|thumb|Two of Garand's patents, showing the original gas trap design and revised gas port system]]

Garand's original design for the M1 used a complicated gas system involving a special muzzle extension gas trap, later dropped in mid-1940 in favor of a simpler drilled gas port. Because most of the older rifles were retrofitted, pre-1940 ''gas-trap'' M1s are very rare today and are prized collector's items.<ref name="Popenker"/> In both systems, expanding gases from a fired cartridge are diverted into the gas cylinder. Here, the gases meet a long-stroke piston attached to the operating rod, which is pushed rearward by the force of this high-pressure gas. Then, the operating rod engages a [[rotating bolt]] inside the [[Receiver (firearms)|receiver]]. The bolt is locked into the receiver via two locking lugs, which rotate, unlock, and initiate the ejection of the spent cartridge and the reloading cycle when the rifle is discharged. The operating rod (and subsequently the bolt) then returns to its original position.

The M1 Garand was one of the first self-loading rifles to use stainless steel for its gas tube, in an effort to prevent corrosion.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} As the stainless metal could not be [[Parkerizing|parkerized]], the gas tubes were given a stove-blackening that frequently wore off in use. Unless the gas tube could be quickly repainted, the resultant gleaming muzzle could make the M1 Garand and its user more visible to the enemy in combat.<ref name="George"/>

==Accessories==
[[File:US-Military-M5-Bayonet1.jpg|thumb|left|U.S. M5 bayonet with M8 scabbard]]
[[File:M31HEAT-RifleGrenade.jpg|thumb|upright|U.S. Marine preparing to fire M31 HEAT antitank rifle grenade from M1 rifle in the indirect mode with butt on the ground]]

Several accessories were used with the Garand rifle. Several different styles of [[bayonet]]s fit the rifle: the [[M1905 bayonet|M1905]], with a 16-inch (406&nbsp;mm) blade; the [[M1 bayonet|M1]] with a 10-inch (254&nbsp;mm) blade (either made standard or shortened from existing M1905 bayonets); and the [[M5 bayonet]] with a 6.75-inch (171&nbsp;mm) blade.

Also available was the [[M7 grenade launcher]] that could easily be attached to the end of the barrel.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]]|year=2002 |page=214 |isbn=978-1-58663-762-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Popular Science]] |title=Fitting the Army's Modern Garand Rifle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74 |date=March 1944 |publisher=Bonnier Corporation |page=74}}</ref> It could be sighted using the M15 sight, which was attached with screws to the left side of the stock, just forward of the trigger.

A cleaning tool, oiler and grease containers could be stored in two cylindrical compartments in the buttstock for use in the field.

The M1907 two-piece leather rifle sling was the most common type of sling used with the weapon through World War II. In 1942, a cheaper and more adjustable olive drab canvas sling was introduced and gradually replaced the M1907 after the war.<ref>{{cite book |last=Henry |first=Mark R. |title=The U.S. Army in World War II: The Pacific |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2000 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWfaq-oqMA0C&pg=PA21 |edition=Illustrated |isbn=978-1-85532-995-9}}</ref>

Another accessory was the ''winter trigger'', developed during the Korean War.<ref name="civilianmarksmanship">{{cite web |url=http://www.civilianmarksmanship.com/accessoryhtml/accwintertrig.html |website=Civilian Marksmanship Program |title=M1 Accessories - Winter Trigger |date=2002}}</ref> It consisted of a small mechanism installed on the trigger guard, allowing the soldier to remotely pull the trigger by depressing a lever just behind the guard.<ref name="civilianmarksmanship" /> This enabled the shooter to fire his weapon while using winter gloves, which could get "stuck" on the trigger guard or not allow for proper movement of the finger.<ref name="civilianmarksmanship" />

==Variants==
{{Overly detailed|details=|date=February 2022|section}}

===Sniper models===
[[File:M1C.jpg|thumb|right|Rifle, Cal. 30, M1C with M84 telescope and rear sight protector]]
[[File:M1D.jpg|thumb|right|Rifle, Cal. 30, M1D with M84 telescope and T-37 [[flash suppressor]]]]

Most variants of the Garand, save the [[sniper]] variants, never saw active duty.<ref name="Bishop"/> The sniper versions were modified to accept scope mounts, and two versions (the ''M1C'', formerly M1E7, and the ''M1D'', formerly M1E8) were produced, although not in significant quantities during World War II.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ewing |first=Mel |url=http://www.snipercentral.com/m1cd.htm |title=Sniper Central: U.S. Army M1C & M1D |website=SniperCentral.com |access-date=15 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025033916/http://www.snipercentral.com/m1cd.htm |archive-date=25 October 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The only difference between the two versions is the mounting system for the [[telescopic sight]]. In June 1944, the M1C was adopted as a standard [[sniper rifle]] by the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] to supplement the venerable [[M1903 Springfield rifle#Variants|M1903A4]], but few saw combat; wartime production was 7,971 M1Cs.<ref name=nra/>

The procedure required to install the M1C-type mounts through drilling/tapping the hardened receiver reduced accuracy by warping the receiver. Improved methods to avoid reduction of accuracy were inefficient in terms of tooling and time. This resulted in the development of the M1D, which utilized a simpler, single-ring Springfield Armory mount attached to the barrel rather than the receiver. The M1C was first widely used during the [[Korean War]]. Korean War production was 4,796 M1Cs and 21,380 M1Ds; although few M1Ds were completed in time to see combat.<ref name=nra/>

The [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] adopted the M1C as their official sniper rifle in 1951. This USMC 1952 sniper's rifle, or MC52, was an M1C with the commercial Stith Bear Cub scope manufactured by the Kollmorgen Optical Company under the military designation: telescopic sight - Model 4XD-USMC. The Kollmorgen scope with a slightly modified [[Griffin & Howe]] mount was designated MC-1. The MC52 was also too late to see extensive combat in Korea, but it remained in Marine Corps inventories until replaced by bolt-action rifles during the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name=nra/> The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] has also used the Garand, but rechambered for the popular at the time [[7.62×51mm NATO]] round and calling it the M1 mod 0&1.The Mod 0 has a metal bushing and during testing was prone to fail and fall out. The Mod 1 was fit with a new barrel; and a piece of plastic to make sure the user didn’t put the original 30-06 cartridge in the gun.
 
A detachable M2 conical flash hider, adopted 25 January 1945 slipped over the muzzle and was secured in place by the bayonet lug. A T37 flash hider was developed later. Flash hiders were of limited utility during low-light conditions around dawn and dusk, but were often removed as potentially detrimental to accuracy.<ref name=nra/>

===Tanker models===
The ''Tanker'' name was invented after the war as a marketing gimmick for commercial Garands built on welded demilled receivers. There are three 18-inch M1 Garand variants, the M1E5 and T26, which never saw service, and the Pacific Warfare Board rifle, which saw very limited service in the Pacific.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2020/10/26/tanker-garands-the-real-story|title = American Rifleman &#124; Official Journal of the NRA &#124; 'Tanker Garands': The Real Story}}</ref> The M1E5 is equipped with a shorter 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) barrel and a [[Stock (firearms)|folding buttstock]]. The T26 also uses an 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) [[Gun barrel|barrel]] but retains the standard buttstock. The PWB rifle uses an 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) barrel, retains the standard buttstock, and has a foregrip secured by M1903 barrel band.

A weapon with those features was potentially valuable for paratroopers, as it was more powerful than the carbines and submachine guns currently in use. Preliminary testing revealed it had excessive recoil and muzzle blast, but it was recommended that it be developed further. The Infantry Board directed Col. Rene Studler to proceed with the project.

The task was assigned to Springfield Armory, and John Garand began work in January 1944. The resultant experimental arm, designated as the "U.S. Carbine, Cal. 30, M1E5", was fitted with a specially made 18-inch barrel (not a shortened standard M1 rifle barrel) marked "1 SA 2-44" and a pantograph metal stock that folded underneath the rifle. The receiver was marked "U.S. Carbine/Cal. .30 M1E5/Springfield/Armory/1". It was designated as a carbine and not a rifle.

Other than the folding stock, the basic M1 rifle was essentially unchanged with the exception of the short barrel, a correspondingly shortened operating rod (and spring) and the lack of a front handguard. The overall length was 37½ inches and it weighed approximately 8 lbs., 6 ozs.

The M1E5 "[[Garand carbine]]" was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground in May 1944. It was determined that while accuracy at 300 yards was on par with the standard M1 rifle, recoil, muzzle blast and flash were excessive. It was recommended that a pistol grip be installed, which was done for subsequent testing.

While the M1E5 was more compact than the standard Garand rifle, the short barrel made it an unpleasant gun to fire—and the advantages were not judged to be sufficient to offset the disadvantages. Further development of the M1E5 was suspended as other projects at Springfield, such as the selective-fire T20 series, were deemed to have a higher priority. Only one example of the M1E5 was fabricated for testing, and the gun resides today in the Springfield Armory National Historic Site Museum.

Despite the concept being shelved at Springfield Armory, the idea of a shortened M1 rifle was still viewed as potentially valuable for airborne and jungle combat use. Particularly in the Pacific Theater, there was widespread dissatisfaction with the M1 carbine's range, power and foliage-penetration ("brush-cutting") capability. The Ordnance Department was not responsive to these complaints coming in from the Pacific and maintained that the M1 rifle and M1 carbine each filled a specific niche.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Nonetheless, by late 1944, the Pacific Warfare Board (PWB) decided to move forward with the development of a shortened M1 rifle. Colonel William Alexander, chief of the PWB, directed an Army ordnance unit of the [[Sixth United States Army|6th Army]] in the Philippines to fabricate 150 rifles in this configuration for testing. Since the previous M1E5 project was not widely disseminated, it is entirely possible that the PWB may not have been aware of Springfield Armory's development of a similar rifle, and conceived the idea independently.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Some of the shortened M1 rifles were field-tested in October 1944 on [[Noemfoor Island]], New Guinea, by an ad hoc test committee,{{Clarify|date=October 2021}} which included three platoon leaders of the [[503rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR)]] combat team. While the members of the test committee liked the concept of the short M1 rifle, it was determined that the muzzle blast was excessive and was compared to a flash bulb going off in the darkened jungle. The conclusion of the test report stated that the shortened rifle was "totally unsuitable for a combat weapon".{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Even while the shortened M1 rifles were being evaluated by the 503rd PIR, two of them were sent to the Ordnance Dept. in Washington, D.C., by special courier for evaluation. One of these rifles was then forwarded to Springfield Armory.

The M1s shortened in the Philippines under the auspices of the PWB had been well-used prior to modification, and the conversion exhibited rather crude craftsmanship, including hand-cut splines on the barrel.

Upon receipt of the PWB rifle, Springfield Armory's model shop fabricated a very similar shortened M1 that was designated as the "T26". One of the more noticeable differences was that the shortened PWB rifle had a cut-down front handguard (secured by an M1903 rifle barrel band), while the T26 rifle was not fitted with a front handguard. It had been determined that the full-length stock was superior to the M1E5's folding stock, so the T26 used a standard M1 rifle stock.

The PWB rifle, serial No. 2437139, and Springfield Armory's T26 were sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) on 26 July 1945, for testing. The APG report related that a standard M1 rifle, serial No. 1,032,921, was the "control" rifle to which the shorter rifle was compared during the testing. The results mirrored those of the M1E5's previous testing. The test report found that the modified rifle's muzzle flash, blast, and recoil were all significantly higher than that of the standard rifle. Additionally, it was less reliable, leading to it being declared "totally unsuitable as a combat weapon". Nonetheless, in July 1945, 15,000 short M1 rifles were requested for use by airborne troops. The rifles were supposed to be produced within the next five months, but the procurement was canceled due to the [[Surrender of Japan]] in August 1945.<ref name="auto"/>

Springfield Armory made 637,420 more M1 rifles from 1952 to 1957 and contracts were met with two private firms. Harrington & Richardson made 428,600 from 1953 to 1956 and International Harvester made 337,623 from 1953 to 1957. In total 5,468,772 M1 rifles were made from 1937 to 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-26 |title=Lever-Action Rifle Resurgence & M1 Garand Rifle Facts |url=https://hookandbarrel.com/lever-action-rifle-resurgence-m1-garand-rifle-facts/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Hook & Barrel Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

===T20E2===
[[File:T20E2 Garand Prototype Rifle.jpg|thumb|right|The T20E2 selective-fire prototype was designed to feed from 20-round BAR magazines.]]

Another variant that never saw duty was the T20E2. It was an experimental, gas-operated, selective fire rifle with a slightly longer receiver than the M1 and modified to accept 20-round [[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle|Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) magazines]]. The rifle was machined and tapped on the left side of the receiver for a scope mount, and included the same hardware for mounting a grenade launcher as the M1. The bolt had a hold-open device on the rear receiver bridge, as well as a fire selector similar to the [[M14 rifle|M14]]. Full automatic fire was achieved by a connector assembly which was actuated by the operating rod handle. This, in turn, actuated a sear release or trip which, with the trigger held to the rear, disengaged the sear from the hammer lugs immediately after the bolt was locked. In automatic firing, the cyclic rate of fire was 700 rpm. When the connector assembly was disengaged, the rifle could only be fired semi-automatically and functioned in a manner similar to the M1 rifle. The T20 had an overall length of {{convert|48+1/4|in|cm}}, a barrel length of {{convert|24|in|cm}}, and weighed {{convert|9.61|lb|kg}} without accessories and {{convert|12.5|lb|kg}} with bipod and empty magazine. It was designated as limited procurement in May 1945. Due to the [[Surrender of Japan|cessation of hostilities with Japan]], the number for manufacture was reduced to 100. The project was terminated in March 1948.

===Quick reference===
{| class="wikitable"
! U.S. Army designation
! U.S. Navy designation
! Description
|-
|T1
|—
|Prototype
|-
|T1E1
|— 
|A single trial rifle that broke its bolt in the 1931 trial
|-
|T1E2
|— 
|Trial designation for gas-trap Garand; T1E1 with a new bolt.
|-
|M1
|— 
|Basic model. Identical to T1E2. Later change to gas port did not change designation
|-
|M1E1
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; modified cam angle in op-rod
|-
|M1E2
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; [[prismatic scope]] and mount
|-
|M1E3
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; roller added to bolt's cam lug (later adapted for use in the [[M14 rifle|M14]])
|-
|M1E4
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; gas cut-off and expansion system with piston integral to op-rod
|-
|M1E5
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) barrel, pistol grip and folding stock, for Airborne use 
|-
|M1E6
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; sniper variant
|-
|M1E7/M1C
|— 
|M1E6 Garand variant; M1C sniper variant with 2.2× magnification M73 scope (later modified as the M81, though the M82 or M84 scope could be used) in a [[Griffin & Howe]] mount affixed to the left side of the receiver requiring a leather cheek pad to properly position the shooter's face behind the offset scope<ref name=nra>{{cite journal |last=Canfield |first=Bruce N. |title=Better Late Than Never |journal=[[American Rifleman]] |volume=162 |date=September 2014 |pages=81–85}}</ref>
|-
|M1E8/M1D
|— 
|M1E7 Garand variant; M1D sniper variant with M82 scope (though the M84 scope could be used) in a [[Springfield Armory]] mount attached to the rear of the barrel allowing quick removal of the scope but similarly requiring the leather cheek pad<ref name=nra/>
|-
|M1E9
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; similar to M1E4, with piston separate from op-rod
|-
|M1E10
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; variant with the [[Ag m/42|Ljungman]] direct gas system
|-
|M1E11
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; short-stroke Tappet gas system
|-
|M1E12
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; gas port moved back approx. 6 inches
|-
|M1E13
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; "White" gas cut-off and expansion system
|-
|M1E14
|Mk 2 Mod 0
|M1 Garand variant; rechambered in [[7.62×51mm NATO]] with press-in chamber insert, enlarged gas port, and 7.62mm barrel bushing.{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=38}}
|-
|T20
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; select-fire conversion by [[John Garand]], capable of using [[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle|BAR]] magazines
|-
|T20E1
|— 
|T20 variant; uses its own type of magazines
|-
|T20E2
|— 
|T20 variant; E2 magazines will work in [[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle|BAR]], but not the reverse
|-
|T20E2HB
|— 
|T20E2 variant; HBAR (heavy barrel) variant
|-
|T22
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; fully automatic select-fire conversion by [[Remington Arms|Remington]], magazine-fed
|-
|T22E1
|— 
|T22 variant; improved magazine release and bolt hold-open device
|-
|T22E2
|— 
|T22 variant; improved trigger group, gas cylinder, muzzle brake, and bipod
|-
|T22E3HB
|— 
|T22 variant; stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; heavy barrel; uses T27 fire control
|-
|T23
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; upward angled stock like T22E3HB; standard clip fed.
|-
|T25
|— 
|T25 variant had a pistol grip: the stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; and chambered for the new T65 .30 Light Rifle [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] (7.62×49mm).<ref name="RAY">{{cite book |title=Random Shots: Episodes In The Life Of A Weapons Developer |first=Roy E. |last=Rayle |date=2008 |location=Bennington, VT |publisher=Merriam Press |isbn=978-1-4357-5021-0 |pages=17–22, 95–95}}</ref>
|-
|T26
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) barrel and standard stock, 1 prototype made by Springfield Armory used for testing, proposed use was for airborne and jungle operations. 
|-
|PWB rifle
|— 
|M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457&nbsp;mm) barrel and standard stock and shortened foregrip secured with M1903 barrel band. 150 made in the Pacific theater of operations upon request by the Pacific War Board for airborne and jungle use.<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|T27
|— 
|[[Remington Arms|Remington]] select-fire field conversion for M1 Garand; ability to convert issue M1 Garands to select-fire rifles; fire control setup used in T22E3
|-
|T31
|— 
|Experimental bullpup variant
|-
|T35
|Mk 2 Mod 1
|M1 Garand variant; rechambered for [[7.62×51mm NATO]]; While the majority used the standard ''en bloc'' clip, a small number were experimentally fitted with a 10-round internal magazine loaded by 5-round [[stripper clip]]s.<ref>Historicalfirearms. (2016, 5 February). The T35 side-loading Garand in 1951/52 Springfield... Historical Firearms. https://www.historicalfirearms.info/post/138754496306/the-t35-side-loading-garand-in-195152-springfield</ref>
|-
|T36
|— 
|T20E2 variant; rechambered for 7.62×51mm NATO using T35 barrel and [[M14 rifle#Early development|T25]] magazine
|-
|T37
|— 
|T36 variant; same as T36, except in gas port location
|-
|T44
|— 
|T44 variant; was a conventional design developed on a shoestring budget as an alternative to the T47.<ref name="RAY"/> With only minimal funds available, the earliest T44 prototypes simply used T20E2 receivers fitted with magazine filler blocks and re-barreled for 7.62×51mm NATO, with the long operating rod/piston of the M1 replaced by the T47's gas cut-off system.<ref name="RAY"/>
|-
|T47
|— 
|T47 variant; same as the T25, except for a conventional stock and chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO.<ref name="RAY"/>
|-
|}

===Demilitarized versions===
[[Drill purpose rifle|Demilitarized models]] are rendered permanently inoperable, unless proper techniques, tools, and replacement parts are used to restore the rifle to safe operation. Their barrels have been drilled out to destroy the rifling. A steel rod is then inserted into the barrel and welded at both ends. Sometimes, their barrels are also filled with molten lead or solder. Their gas ports or operating system are also welded closed. Their barrels are then welded to their receivers to prevent replacement. Their firing pin holes are welded closed on the bolt face. As a result, they cannot be loaded with, much less fire live ammunition. However, they may still be used for demonstration or instructional purposes.

{| class="wikitable"
! Nomenclature
! [[National Stock Number]]
! Description
|-
|Rifle, Inert,<br />Caliber .30, M1
|1005-00-599-3289
|Demilitarized and barrel plugged. US Air Force instructional use.
|-
|Rifle, Training Aid, Caliber .30, M1
|1005-01-061-2456
|Demilitarized and barrel plugged. Instructional use.
|-
|Rifle, Dummy Drill, Caliber .30, M1
|1005-01-113-3767
|Demilitarized. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. [[ROTC]] instructional use.
|-
|Rifle, Ceremonial, Caliber .30, M1
|1005-01-095-0085
|Gas cylinder lock valve is removed and the gas system has welds permanently joining the lock and gas cylinder to prevent reversion. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. The weapon has been converted from semi-automatic to a repeater and can only fire blanks. The bolt must be cycled to eject the spent cartridge case and reload a fresh round from the internal clip. Used by [[American Legion]] and [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]] honor guards for parading and firing [[Three-volley salute|ceremonial salutes]].
|}

===Rechambered versions===
M1 Garands in Pakistan were found to be chambered in [[7.92×57mm Mauser|7.92×57&nbsp;mm]] due to a lack of .30-06 ammo in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://silahreport.com/2020/01/04/kpk-region-8mm-m1-garand-rifles/ |title=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Region Modified 8mm M1 Garand Rifles – Silah Report |date=7 February 2020 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207215653/http://silahreport.com/2020/01/04/kpk-region-8mm-m1-garand-rifles/ |archive-date=7 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Modern Garands can be gunsmith built in several novel cartridges, with examples known up to .458 Winchester Magnum.  While not common, 6.5×55mm Swedish barrels are occasionally available to convert with nothing more than a barrel change, though the en bloc clips are more difficult to load and often require a tool.

==Copies and postwar derivatives==

===Japanese Type 4===
[[File:Type 4 rifle.png|thumb|Japanese Type 4]]
The [[Type 4 rifle|Type 4 Rifle]], often referred to as the Type 5 Rifle (Japanese: 四式自動小銃 ''Yon-shiki jidousyoujyuu''), was a Japanese prototype [[semi-automatic rifle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nramuseum.org/the-museum/the-galleries/ever-vigilant/case-63-world-war-ii-allies-and-japan/%27%27japanese-garand%27%27-wwii-semi-automatic-rifle.aspx |title="Japanese Garand" WWII Semi-Automatic Rifle |website=The National Firearms Museum |publisher=NRA |access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327101116/http://nramuseum.org/the-museum/the-galleries/ever-vigilant/case-63-world-war-ii-allies-and-japan/%27%27japanese-garand%27%27-wwii-semi-automatic-rifle.aspx |archive-date=27 March 2014}}</ref> It was a copy of the American M1 Garand but with an integral 10-round [[magazine (firearms)|magazine]] and chambered for the Japanese [[7.7×58mm Arisaka]] cartridge.<ref name= "rifles">{{cite book |last=Walter |first=John |title=Rifles of the World |publisher=Krause Publications|year=2006 |location=Iola, WI |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC&pg=PA146 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-89689-241-5}}</ref> Where the Garand used an [[Clip (ammunition)#En bloc|''en bloc'' clip]], the Type 4's integral magazine was charged with two 5-round [[stripper clip]]s and the rifle also used Japanese style tangent sights. The Type 4 had been developed alongside several other prototypical semi-automatic rifles. However, none of the rifles entered into service before the end of [[World War II]], with only 250 being made and many others were never assembled. There were several problems with jamming and feed systems, which also delayed its testing.

===Beretta models===
[[File:Bm59.jpg|thumb|Beretta BM59]]
During the 1950s, [[Beretta]] produced Garands in Italy at the behest of [[NATO]], by having the tooling used by Winchester during World War II shipped to them by the U.S. government. These rifles were designated "Model 1952" in Italy. Using this tooling, Beretta developed the [[Beretta BM59|BM59]] series of rifles. The BM59 was essentially a rechambered [[7.62×51mm NATO]] caliber M1 fitted with a removable 20-round magazine, folding bipod and a combined flash suppressor-rifle grenade launcher. The BM59 is capable of selective fire. These rifles were produced under license in Indonesia as the "[[Beretta BM59|SP-1]]" series.

===M14 rifle===
[[File:M14 afmil.jpg|thumb|M14 rifle]]
The [[M14 rifle]], officially the United States Rifle, 7.62&nbsp;mm, M14,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qNdrgEACAAJ |title=Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual, Including Repair Parts and Special Tools Lists, (Including Depot Maintenance, Repair Parts and Special Tools), Rifle, 7.62-MM, M14, W/E(1005- 589-1271), Rifle, 7.62-MM, M14A1, W/E(1005-072- 5011), Bipod, Rifle, M2(1005-711-6202) |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Department of the Army |date=August 1972}}</ref> is an American [[selective fire]] [[automatic rifle]] that fires [[7.62×51mm NATO]]&nbsp;([[.308 Winchester]]) [[ammunition]]. The rifle is often described as an improved select-fire M1 Garand with a 20-round magazine.<ref name="smallarmsreview.com">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2434 |title=M14 vs. M16 in Vietnam |last=Bruce |first=Robert |magazine=Small Arms Review |volume=5 |number=7 |date=April 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=M14 |date=2003 |journal=Jane's International Defense Review |volume=36 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |page=43 |quote=The M14 is basically an improved M1 with a modified gas system and detachable magazine, 20 rounds being the standard capacity.}}</ref>

===Ruger Mini-14===
[[File:Mini14GB.jpg|thumb|Ruger Mini-14GB]]
Designed by [[L. James Sullivan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2001/Nov/Focus_on.htm |title=Focus on Basics, Urges Small Arms Designer |last=Ezell |first=Virginia Hart |date=November 2001 |magazine=National Defense |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008235229/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2001/Nov/Focus_on.htm |archive-date=8 October 2006}}</ref> and [[William B. Ruger]], and produced by [[Sturm, Ruger & Co.]] the [[Ruger Mini-14|Mini-14 rifle]] employs an investment cast, heat-treated receiver and a version of the M1/[[M14 rifle]] locking mechanism.<ref name=guthrie>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rifleshootermag.com/featured_rifles/RS_minigrowsup_200804/index.html |title=The Mini Grows Up—Again |first=J. |last=Guthrie |magazine=Rifle Shooter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503023852/http://www.rifleshootermag.com/featured_rifles/RS_minigrowsup_200804/index.html |archive-date=3 May 2010}}</ref>

===Springfield Armory commercial production===
[[File:Garand.jpg|thumb|M1 Garand rifle]]
In 1982, years after the closure of the U.S. Springfield Armory in Springfield, MA, a commercial firm was created of the same name in Illinois– [[Springfield Armory, Inc.]] – began production of the M1 Rifle using a cast, heat-treated receiver with serial numbers in the 7,000,000+ range, along with commercially produced barrels (marked Geneseo, IL) and G.I. military surplus parts.<ref>{{cite press release |title=GI's Best Friend Now In Limited Production As Collectors Item From Springfield Armory |date=30 November 2001 |publisher=Springfield Armory Inc}}</ref>

==Civilian use==
[[File:Ryan M1.jpg|thumb|A civilian, target shooting with an M1 Garand]]
[[File:CMP Cartouche, M1 Garand.jpg|150px|right|thumb|The Civilian Marksmanship Program cartouche on an M1 Garand.]]
[[File:Ingrid M1 - 7726397068.jpg|thumb|A woman, target shooting with an M1 Garand]]
[[United States nationality law|United States citizens]] meeting certain qualifications may purchase U.S. military surplus M1 rifles through the [[Civilian Marksmanship Program]] (CMP). The CMP is run by the Corporation for the Promotion of Rifle Practice and Firearms Safety (CPRPFS), a [[not-for-profit corporation]] chartered by the [[United States Congress]] in 1996 to instruct citizens in marksmanship and promote practice and safety in the use of firearms.<ref>{{USStatute|104|106|36|5502|1996|02|10}}</ref> The group holds a [[congressional charter]] under [[Title 36 of the United States Code]]. From 1903 to 1996, the CMP was sponsored by the Office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship (DCM), a position first within the [[United States Department of War|Department of War]] and later in the [[Department of the Army]]. The DCM was normally an active-duty Army [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]].

In 2009, an effort by the South Korean government to export about 850,000 firearms to the United States, including 87,000 M1 rifles, for eventual sale to civilians, was initially approved by the Obama administration, but it later blocked the sale in March 2010.<ref name="foxy">{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/obama-administration-reverses-course-forbids-sale-of-850000-antique-rifles |title=Obama Administration Reverses Course, Forbids Sale of 850,000 Antique Rifles |date=1 September 2010 |website=Fox News}}</ref> A [[State Department]] spokesman said the administration's decision was based on concerns that the guns could fall into the wrong hands and be used for criminal activity.<ref name="foxy"/> However, in January 2012, the U.S. and South Korea agreed on the sale of 87,000 M1 Garand rifles, and the South Korean government entered into discussion with U.S. civilian arms dealers.<ref name="chosun">{{cite news |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/01/19/2012011901790.html |title=정부, M1소총 8만7000여정 수출 추진…美 정부 동의 |trans-title=Government promotes export of 87,000 M1 rifles...U.S. Government Consents |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |date=19 January 2012 |language=ko}}</ref> Korea has sold tens of thousands of M1 Garand rifles to the U.S. civilian market between 1986 and 1994.<ref name="chosun"/> In 2018, the CMP reported they had received a shipment of more than 90,000 M1 Garand rifles from the Philippines and also stated plans to restore many of those rifles for civilian sale.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dla.mil/About-DLA/News/News-Article-View/Article/1505614/transporting-history/ | title=Transporting History | work=Defense Logistics Agency }}</ref>

In August 2013, the Obama administration banned future private importation of all U.S. made weapons, including the M1 Garand.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/29/obama-executive-actions-guns_n_3836183.html |title=Obama Offers New Executive Actions On Gun Control |first=Josh |last=Lederman |date=29 August 2013 |work=Huffington Post |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309084851/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/29/obama-executive-actions-guns_n_3836183.html |archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Citation provides no detail on the type of regulatory action taken, such as rulemaking or executive order, nor anything but basic details on the regulation adopted. Better would be a citation to the appropriate Federal Register issue.|date=September 2020}} This action did not preclude the return of surplus U.S. weapons, including M1 Garands, previously loaned by the U.S. to friendly nations, to the custody of the U.S. Government; in recent years, the CMP has received most of its surplus weapons through such returns from foreign countries. However, all civilian and military firearms imported into the U.S. after 30 January 2002, are required by federal law to have the name of the importer conspicuously stamped on the barrel, slide, or receiver of each weapon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.atf.gov/file/61776/download |title=ATF Guidebook - Importation & Verification of Firearms, Ammunition, and Implements of War |date=2001 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}</ref> This requirement significantly lowers a military weapon's value relative to those without the importation markings as they distract from its original state.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.robertankony.net/publications/the-financial-assessment-of-military-small-arms |title=The Financial Assessment of Military Small Arms |first=Robert C. |last=Ankony |date=April 2000 |magazine=Small Arms Review |pages=53–59 |via=robertankony.net}}</ref>

Military surplus Garands and post-war copies made for the civilian market are popular among enthusiasts. In 2015, [[President John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy's]] personal M1 Garand was auctioned by Rock Island Auction Company and sold for $149,500.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/65/1807/springfield-armory-national-match-1959-m1-garand-john-f-kennedy |title=Lot 1807: Springfield Armory National Match 1959 M1 Garand John F. Kennedy |date=11 September 2015 |work=Rock Island Auction}}</ref> This rifle was acquired by Kennedy in 1959 from the Director of Civilian Marksmanship and has the serial number 6086970.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Users==
[[File:Ausbildung in der Gruppe (18480913048).jpg|thumb|Austrian troops training with M1 Garands during the 1950s]]
[[File:Changing of the Guard-Unknown Soldier-Hellenic Army.jpg|thumb|[[Evzones]] of the [[Presidential Guard (Greece)|Presidential Guard]] in front of the [[Greek Parliament]] holding M1 Garands]]
[[File:NDAJ Honor Guard Drill Team.JPG|thumb|National Defense Academy of Japan Honor Guard Drill Team]]
[[File:Honor Guard of ROCAF standing at National Revolutionary Martyr's Shrine 20081221.jpg|thumb|upright|An [[Republic of China|ROC]] honor guard soldier and his M1 Garand]]
[[File:Guard at Anıtkabir.jpg|thumb|upright|A Turkish soldier stands guard with his M1 rifle at the Anıtkabir Mausoleum.]]
[[File:M1 Garand Users (Updated).png|thumb|A map with users of the M1 Garand in blue and former users in red]]

===Current operators===

* {{flag|Haiti}}: Thousands were bought from various sources and received as aid from the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Military rifle cartridges of Haiti. - Free Online Library |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Military+rifle+cartridges+of+Haiti.-a0242017608 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.thefreelibrary.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=((jwh1975)) |date=2015-06-09 |title=Uphold Democracy 1994: WWII weapons encountered |url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/06/09/uphold-democracy-1994-wwii-weapons-encountered/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=wwiiafterwwii |language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|Norway}}: Received 72,800 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1964.<ref name="rifles1473">{{cite book |last=Walter |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC&pg=PA147 |title=Rifles of the World |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-89689-241-5 |edition=3rd |location=Iola, WI |page=147}}</ref>
* {{flag|Philippines}}: Received 34,300 M1 and 2,630 M1D rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1975. Retired from active [[Philippine Marine Corps]] service.<ref>{{cite web |last=Martir |first=Jonathan |date=November 2001 |title=Scout Sniper Development - "An accurate shot to the future" |url=http://marinecorps.mil.ph/c6_sniperdev.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306133108/http://marinecorps.mil.ph/c6_sniperdev.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=Philippine Marine Corps |magazine=CITEMAR6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The incumbent Director of Government Arsenal |url=http://arsenal.mil.ph/profdir.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329200649/http://arsenal.mil.ph/profdir.html |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=31 December 2015 |work=Arsenal.mil.ph}}</ref> Used by units of the [[Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit]], Still used by honor guards.<ref name="photobucket2">{{cite web |title=Philippine CAFGU |url=http://i391.photobucket.com/albums/oo359/Gunny1812/philippineCAFGU_zpsdc91bc98.jpg |access-date=23 September 2015 |website=Photobucket.com}}</ref> In 2017, it was reported that the Philippine government may send 86,000 rifles to the U.S. [[Civilian Marksmanship Program]].<ref>{{cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=Breaking: Civilian Marksmanship Program May Receive 86,000 M1 Garand Rifles from the Philippines |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/07/breaking-civilian-marksmanship-program-receive-86000-m1-garand-rifles-philippines/ |website=The Firearm Blog}}</ref>

====Ceremonial uses only====

*{{flag|Belgium}}: Used as a ceremonial rifle by the [[Belgian Police]]<ref name="SAS 20012">{{cite book |author=Small Arms Survey |author-link=Small Arms Survey |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2001.html |title=Small Arms Survey 2011: Profiling the Problem |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2015 |page=69 |chapter=Half a Billion and Still Counting: Global Firearms Stockpiles |ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2001}} |chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2001/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2001-Chapter-02-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109223138/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2001.html |archive-date=9 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Greece}}: Received 186,090 M1 and 1880 M1C/M1D rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" /> Still in use for ceremonial duties by the [[Presidential Guard (Greece)|Presidential Guard]] and the Honor Guard of the [[Ministry of National Defence (Greece)|Ministry of National Defence]].
* {{flag|Japan|1870}}: Issued to the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] until the adoption of the [[Howa Type 64]].{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=494}} Still used by the JSDF as a [[ceremonial weapon]].<ref>{{cite book |title=陸上自衛隊パーフェクトガイド2008–2009 |publisher=[[Gakken]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-4-05-605141-4 |page=195}}</ref>
* {{flag|Republic of China}}: Aiding the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] during the Cold War.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE M1 GARAND & THE COLD WAR |url=https://www.thearmorylife.com/the-m1-garand-and-the-cold-war/|publisher=SPRINGFIELD ARMORY|date=18 May 2021}}</ref> Still used by the Armed Forces as a [[ceremonial weapon]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Introduction to the National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine of R.O.C|url=https://afrc.mnd.gov.tw/faith_martyr_en/Content.aspx?ID=&MenuID=469&MP=2|publisher=Republic of China Armed Forces Reserve Command, All-Out Defense Mobilization Agency, Ministry of National Defense|date=2024-06-17}}</ref>
*{{flag|South Korea}}: The first rifles were provided to the Korean police prior to 1947, then to the Korean Constabulary in February 1948. Between August 1948 and June 1949, 41,897 rifles were transferred to the [[Republic of Korea Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] from the United States. The military was equipped with 40,378 M1s before the [[Korean War]]. The U.S. provided additional 471,839 rifles during the war, and rifle in service with the [[Republic of Korea Army|Army]] reached 152,328 (Dec 1950), 189,704 (Dec 1951), 221,079 (Dec 1952), and 266,633 (27 Jul 1953) units.<ref>{{Cite web |last=국방일보 |title=M1 소총 |url=https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20041026/1/ATCE_CTGR_0020050092/view.do |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=국방일보 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=[전쟁기념관×건들건들: 헌신의 도구] 제1편 국군의 손에 쥐어진 첫 무기, M1 소총 | date=16 July 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLyM1NeJwXg |access-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/GLyM1NeJwXg |archive-date=2021-10-30 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bak |first=Dongchan |url=http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf |title=Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations |date=March 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History |isbn=979-11-5598-079-8 |location=Republic of Korea |pages=26–28 |language=Korean |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170621/http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{notetag|The servicing number does not include the Air Force, the Navy, or the police.}} Also used during the Vietnam War until replacing to M16A1s started in 1967.<ref name="Spokesman 1967"/> Finally, the M1s were replaced by license produced M16A1s, and were removed from active service in 1978. Many rifles were sold back to the United States for civilian use: 100,000 rifles in 1986 to 1989 via Blue Sky, and 85,000 rifles in 1991 to 1993 via Century Arms.{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=67}}<ref>{{Cite news |last1=York |first1=Michael |last2=Digilio |first2=Alice |date=1988-01-08 |title=SOUTH KOREAN WEAPONS SALES TO NORTHERN VA. FIRM PROBED |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/01/08/south-korean-weapons-sales-to-northern-va-firm-probed/6edbcd58-9076-4a33-b68f-1e2a25f8a69f/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=국방일보 |title=국군과 31년 '동고동락' M1, 1978년 '현역 은퇴' |url=https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20170113/4/ATCE_CTGR_0010010000/view.do |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=국방일보 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=국방일보 |title=구형 M1·카빈소총 |url=https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20030705/11/ATCE_CTGR_0010010000/view.do |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=국방일보 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-16 |title=[권홍우의 오늘의 경제소사]M-1 개런드 소총 |url=https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1KSI9UYK1H/GG0225 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=서울경제 |language=ko}}</ref>{{notetag|South Korea was the only nation that profited by reselling the M1 rifles, which were provided through Military Assistance Program (MAP), to private companies as "antique collectibles". These sales were authorized by the U.S. government, but were technically illegal under the laws.}} Currently used for ceremonial duty.
* {{flag|Turkey}}: Received 312,430 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1953–1970,<ref name="rifles1473" /> saw action in [[Korean War]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkish Army in Korean War |url=http://www.expoyeosu2012turkey.com/assets/Uploads/46658052569aff040907z.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429075927/http://www.expoyeosu2012turkey.com/assets/Uploads/46658052569aff040907z.jpg |archive-date=29 April 2014 |access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref> and [[1974 Cyprus War]].<ref name="wikimedia2">{{cite magazine |date=23 August 1974 |title=Cyprus: Round Two |url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/a/a4/Newsweek_26_A%C4%9Fustos_1974_kapak.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205063717/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/a/a4/Newsweek_26_A%C4%9Fustos_1974_kapak.jpg |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=23 September 2015 |magazine=Newsweek |format=Photo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Temmuz 1974: Kıbrıs Barış Harekatı |trans-title=July 1974: Cyprus Peace Operation |url=http://img507.imageshack.us/img507/5489/temmuz1974kbrsbarharekaul3.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429045129/http://img507.imageshack.us/img507/5489/temmuz1974kbrsbarharekaul3.jpg |archive-date=29 April 2014 |access-date=28 April 2014 |work=Imageshack}}</ref> Still used by the Turkish Armed Forces as a [[ceremonial weapon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkish Military High School ceremonial procession |url=http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/HaberResim/20703/IMG_9253.jpg |website=[[Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Deniz Harp Okulu'nda tören |trans-title=Ceremony at the Turkish Naval Academy |url=http://www.dho.edu.tr/sayfalar/00_Anasayfa/00_Duyurular/20201007_andicme/album/02.JPG |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011223501/http://www.dho.edu.tr/sayfalar/00_Anasayfa/00_Duyurular/20201007_andicme/album/02.JPG |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=Deniz Harp Okulu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Turkish Air Force guard at Anitkabir |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg/800px-Guard_at_An%C4%B1tkabir.jpg |work=Bernard Gagnon}}</ref>
* {{flag|United States|size=23px}}: Standard issue rifle for U.S. Army and Marine Corps Infantry from 1936 to 1957.{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=4}} Used in the 1970s in reserve and rear-echelon capacities. Still in use for official military ceremonies, [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]] units, and [[Civil Air Patrol]]. Additionally, it remains the standard rifle of the [[United States Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon]].

===Former operators===<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

* {{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}: Used during the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] by Taliban insurgents.<ref name="FireArmBlog3">{{cite web |date=27 October 2016 |title=A Persian take on the M1 |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422071257/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/ |archive-date=22 April 2023 |work=The Firearm Blog}}</ref>
* {{flag|Algeria}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Windrow |first=Martin |title=The Algerian War, 1954–62 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-85532-658-3 |series=Men-at Arms 312 |place=London |page=46}}</ref>
* {{flag|Argentina}}: Received about 30,000 M1s from the U.S. government before 1964. Some were converted to accept [[Beretta BM 59]] magazines in the 1960s.<ref name="rifles1453">{{cite book |last=Walter |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq2Dnj4sDZIC&pg=PA145 |title=Rifles of the World |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-89689-241-5 |edition=3rd |location=Iola, WI |page=145}}</ref>
* {{flag|Austria}}: 25,000 M1 Garand rifles were supplied to Austria by the U.S. government after the end of World War 2. Used extensively by the Austrian Armed Forces until the adoption of the [[StG58|STG58]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Die Bewaffnung des österreichischen Bundesheeres: 1918 - 1990 |date=1990 |publisher=Weishaupt |isbn=978-3-900310-53-0 |editor-last=Urrisk-Obertyński |editor-first=Rolf M. |edition=1. Aufl |location=Graz}}</ref>
* {{flag|Brazil}}: Received large numbers of M1s from the U.S. government in the early 1950s. Some were converted to the [[7.62×51mm NATO]] cartridge and modified to accept [[FN FAL]] magazines.<ref name="rifles1453" />
* {{flag|Cambodia}}: Royal forces received [[List of weapons of the Cambodian Civil War#Battle rifles|M1 rifles]] from the U.S. during their civil war against communist insurgents.<ref name="smallarmssurvey3">{{cite web |last=Wille |first=Christina |date=June 2006 |title=How Many Weapons Are There in Cambodia? |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-WP4-Cambodia.pdf&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiVtOn4rarmAhVvT98KHSVVBxwQFjAAegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw3bt4Csgidnm3Pyha1tqi-w |access-date=23 September 2015 |website=Small Arms Survey |page=18}}{{dead link|date=September 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* {{flag|Canada|1921}}: A small, but unknown, number of M1, M1C (with infra-red night vision equipment) and M1D rifles were owned by Canada. There were enough to equip a brigade and Garands were issued to certain Canadian Army units near the end of World War II and to some army and Royal Canadian Air Force personnel into the 1950s.<ref>Canadian Army EME Manuals; photographic evidence; book ''Without Warning'' by Clive Law.</ref>
* {{flag|Chile}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Joseph E. |url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit/page/292 |title=Small Arms of the World |publisher=The Stackpole Company |year=1969 |isbn=9780811715669 |edition=11 |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |page=292 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
* {{flag|People's Republic of China}}{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=74}} Captured from Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War and US/ROK forces in the Korean War.
* {{flag|Cuba}}: 10,000 ex-British M1s.{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=59}}
* {{flag|Denmark}}: Received 69,810 M1 rifles (designated "Gevær m/50") from the U.S. government prior to 1964. Some were converted to the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.<ref name="rifles1473" /> Also purchased 20,000 M1s from Italy.<ref name="gunsmag3">{{cite magazine |last=Ball |first=Willis |year=2002 |title=Beretta's BM 59, The Ultimate Garand |url=http://www.gunsmagazine.com/bm59/GCA0283.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509040711/http://www.gunsmagazine.com/bm59/GCA0283.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2006 |access-date=5 October 2008 |magazine=Guns}}</ref> The rifle has now been phased out of service.
* {{flag|El Salvador}}: Received more than 1,365 M1s from the U.S. government until 1965 and 211 M1D sniper rifles.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Montes |first=Julio A. |date=May 2000 |title=Infantry Weapons of the Salvadoran Forces |url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=3006 |magazine=Small Arms Review |volume=3 |issue=8}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ethiopian Empire|name=Ethiopia}}: Received 20,700 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in the 1960s.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|France|1794}}: Received 232,500 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1964.<ref name="rifles1473" /> The M1 was known as the ''Fusil semi-automatique 7 mm 62 (C. 30) M. 1''<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Manuel du Grade TTA 116 |date=19 March 1956 |publisher=Berger-Levrault |page=226 |language=fr}}</ref> (Semi-automatic rifle 7.62mm (calibre .30) M1)
* {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}: Captured from [[United States Army]], limited use in [[World War II]].{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=44}} German designation was ''7.62 mm Selbstladegewehr 251 (a)''<ref>{{cite book |url=https://d-nb.info/98918255x/04 |title=Hand weapons: a reference work about the prey weapons of the Wehrmacht (1942) |date=2008 |publisher=Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |isbn=978-3-8370-4042-5 |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref>
* {{flag|West Germany}}: Received 46,750 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1965.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Honduras|1949}}: Received from the US after the [[General strike of 1954|1954 general strike]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The military rifle cartridges of Honduras from Cortez to zelaya. - Free Online Library |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+military+rifle+cartridges+of+Honduras+from+Cortez+to+zelaya.-a0270283844 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.thefreelibrary.com}}</ref>
* {{flag|Indonesia}}: Received between 55,000 and 78,000 MS1s and a minor number of M1Cs from the U.S. government prior to 1971; some rifles also supplied from Italy.<ref name="rifles1453" />
* {{flagcountry|Pahlavi dynasty|1964}}: Received 165,490 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1964.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Israel}}: Received up to 60,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Italy|1946}}: Used by the army from 1945. Beretta license-built 100,000 M1s from 1950 until the adoption of the [[Beretta BM59|BM59]] in 1959.<ref name="gunsmag3" /> Also received 232,000 M1s from the U.S. government between 1950 and 1970.<ref name="rifles1453" /> The M1 Garand was known in the Italian Army as the ''Fucile «Garand» M1 cal. 7,62''.<ref name="ArmiEMezzi19553">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://archive.org/details/ArmiEMezziInDotazioneAllesercitoItaliano-1955 |title=Armi e mezzi in dotazione all'esercito |date=1955 |publisher=[[Ministero Della Difesa]] |location=Roma |language=it |trans-title=Arms and means supplied to the army}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref name="SAS RCI 20123">{{cite report |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/C-Special-reports/SAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf |title=Enquête nationale sur les armes légères et de petit calibre en Côte d'Ivoire: les défis du contrôle des armes et de la lutte contre la violence armée avant la crise post-électorale |last=de Tessières |first=Savannah |date=April 2012 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]], Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Prolifération et la Circulation Illicite des Armes Légères et de Petit Calibre and [[Small Arms Survey]] |page=74 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118234610/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/C-Special-reports/SAS-SR14-CoteIvoire.pdf |archive-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |series=Special Report No. 14}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Empire of Japan}}: Captured from American troops and eventually reversed-engineered as the [[Type 4 rifle]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Warner |first=Phillip |title=Japanese Army of World War II |publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=18}}</ref>
* {{flag|Jordan}}: Received an estimated 25,000-30,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1974.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Kingdom of Laos}}: Received 36,270 M1 rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Liberia}}<ref name="DoeEnahoro19853">{{cite book |last1=Doe |first1=Samuel Kanyon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlgmAQAAMAAJ |title=Doe, the Man Behind the Image |last2=Enahoro |first2=Peter |publisher=publisher not identified |year=1985}}</ref>
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: known as ''Geweer Garand 7,62mm'' in the [[Dutch Army]] and ''Geweer v/7,62 mm no. 2 S/aut'' in the [[Dutch Navy]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Scarlata |first1=Paul |date=April 2014 |title=Military rifle cartridges of the Netherlands: from Sumatra to Afghanistan |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Military+rifle+cartridges+of+the+Netherlands%3A+from+Sumatra+to...-a0391311403 |magazine=[[Shotgun News]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Nicaragua}}: Received 5000 M1 from the US 1954 MAP bought 1500 M1 from Canada<ref>{{cite book |last=Jurado |first=Carlos Caballero |title=Central American Wars 1959–89 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-85045-945-6 |series=Men-at-Arms 221 |place=London |page=19}}</ref>
* {{flag|Pakistan}}: Received possibly 150,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Panama}}<ref name="gander19953">{{cite book |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996 |date=May 1995 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-1241-0 |editor1-last=Gander |editor1-first=Terry J. |edition=21st |editor2-last=Hogg |editor2-first=Ian V.}}</ref>
* {{flag|Paraguay}}: Received 30,750 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: Received 34,530 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|Thailand}}: Received about 40,000 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1965. (designated "ปลยบ.88" (Type 88 Self-Loading rifle))<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}: Received 38,000 as [[Lend-Lease]]{{sfn|Thompson|2012|p=59}}
* {{flag|Uruguay}}<ref name="gander19953" />
* {{flag|Venezuela}}: Received 55,670 M1 rifles from the U.S. government prior to 1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />
* {{flag|North Vietnam}} and {{flag|Vietnam}}: (Largely captured and/or inherited from now-defunct Army of the Republic of Vietnam) Some used by the Viet Cong and the Viet Minh, taken from American, French and South Vietnamese forces/armories<ref name="NVA3">{{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC21CwAAQBAJ |title=North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75 |date=10 February 2009 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=9781846033711 |series=Warrior 135 |page=32}}</ref> with a few modified to make them compact.
* {{flag|South Vietnam}}: Received 220,300 M1 and 520 M1C/M1D rifles from the U.S. government in 1950–1975.<ref name="rifles1473" />

[[File:M1 rifle in Iraq.jpg|thumb|A U.S. infantryman holding an M1 captured in Iraq, 2007]]

===Non-state actors===

* {{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)|Iraqi insurgents]]<ref name='FireArmBlog'>{{cite web |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/ |title=A Persian take on the M1 |work=The Firearm Blog |date=27 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422071257/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/10/27/garands-of-the-shah-photo-essay/|archive-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Moro National Liberation Front}}: Used by MNLF fighters.<ref name="rifles1473"/>
*{{flagicon image|Infoboxnpa.png}} [[New People's Army]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meniano |first1=Sarwell |title=Another NPA arms cache unearthed in Samar |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1232776 |access-date=13 October 2024 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=6 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lopez |first1=Alexander |title=16 NPA rebels yield, 2 killed in Caraga Region |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1233561 |access-date=14 October 2024 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[File:Provisional Irish Republican Army Badge.svg|20px]] [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2407 |title=Improvised Weapons of the Irish Underground (Ulster) |first=Dan |last=Shea |magazine=Small Arms Review |volume=10 |number=6 |date=March 2007}}</ref>{{Sfn|Thompson|2012|p=68}}

==See also==
* [[Gewehr 43]]
* [[Howell automatic rifle]]
* [[List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation]] SNL B-21
* [[Remington Model 8]]
* [[SVT-40]]
* [[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = United States Army rifle
| years = 1936-1958
| before = [[M1903 Springfield]]
| after =[[M14 rifle]]
}}
{{s-end}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|M1 Garand}}
*{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2013/12/23/762x51-mm-nato-us-navy-garand-rifles/ |title=7.62x51mm NATO U.S. Navy Garand Rifles |first=Bruce |last=Canfield |date=23 December 2013 |magazine=[[American Rifleman]]}}
*{{cite book |url=http://www.fortmiles.org/intel/download/manuals/fm23_5.pdf |title=FM 23-5 Basic Field Manual U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1 |date=1940 |publisher=United States War Department |location=Washington, DC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112000000/http://www.fortmiles.org/intel/download/manuals/fm23_5.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2012}} [https://archive.org/details/FM23-51940/mode/2up Alt URL] 
*{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fm-23.5-u.s.-rifle-caliber-.30-m1-1951|title=Field Manual, U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1 |author=Departments of the Army and the Air Force |date=October 1951 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC}} 
*{{cite web |url=http://www.fulton-armory.com/faqs/M1G-FAQs/tea/m1serial.htm |title=List of M1 Garand Serial Numbers By Month and Year |work=Fulton Armory}}
*{{Internet Archive|id=How_to_Shoot_the_US_Army_Rifle|name="How to Shoot the U.S. Army Rifle (1943)"}}
*{{cite web |url=https://home.nps.gov/spar/learn/historyculture/garand-case-57.htm |title=M1 Garand History |work=Springfield Armory}}
*{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JScDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68 |title=He Invented the World's Deadliest Rifle |date=December 1940 |page=68 |magazine=Popular Science |publisher=Bonnier Corporation}}
*{{cite web |url=http://ww3.rediscov.com/spring/VFPCGI.exe?IDCFile=/spring/DETAILS.IDC,SPECIFIC=9556,DATABASE=42735596 |title=Collection Record: U.S. Rifle M1 .30 SN# 1 |work=Springfield Armory Museum}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.thegca.org/ |title=The Garand Collectors Association (GCA)}} – United States Association, with members worldwide, dedicated to the research and documentation of the M1 Garand.
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=Rifle_Marksmanship_with_the_M1_Rifle|name="Rifle Marksmanship with the M1 Rifle (1942)"}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=Rifle-U.S.Cal.30M1|name="Rifle - U.S. Cal. .30 M1 - Principles of Operation (1943)"}}

{{WWIIUSInfWeaponsNav}}
{{M1GarandderivativesNav}}

[[Category:.30-06 Springfield semi-automatic rifles]]
[[Category:7.62×51mm NATO semi-automatic rifles]] <!-- Post war coversions used by U.S. Navy -->
[[Category:Cold War firearms of the United States]]
[[Category:Rifles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Semi-automatic rifles of the United States]]
[[Category:Sniper rifles of the United States]]
[[Category:Springfield firearms]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps equipment]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1936]]
[[Category:World War II firearms of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of France]]
[[Category:World War II semi-automatic rifles]]
[[Category:Long stroke piston firearms]]