Editing MARC Train

{{Short description|U.S. passenger rail system in Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Maryland Area Rail Commuter
| image = MARC train.svg
| imagesize = 200 px
| image2 = MARC 438 (14833026066).jpg
| caption2 = A MARC [[Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8|HHP-8]] leads an express train into [[Odenton station]] in [[Odenton, Maryland]]
| locale = [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area]]
| owner = [[Maryland Transit Administration]]
| transit_type = [[Commuter rail]]
| began_operation = {{start date and age|1984}} (as Maryland Rail Commuter)
| chief_executive = Holly Arnold<ref name="StackPath">{{Cite web|title=StackPath|url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/management/article/21246239/holly-arnold-named-mdot-mta-administrator|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=www.masstransitmag.com|date=November 12, 2021 }}</ref>
| lines = 3
| ridership = {{American transit ridership|MD Baltimore CR daily}} ({{American transit ridership|dailydate}}){{American transit ridership|dailycitation}}
| annual_ridership = {{American transit ridership|MD Baltimore CR annual}} ({{American transit ridership|annualdate}}){{American transit ridership|annualcitation}}
| operator = [[Alstom]] {{small|(Camden and Brunswick Lines)}}<br />[[Amtrak]] {{small|(Penn Line)}}
| system_length = {{cvt|187|mi}}
| stations = 42
| track_gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| top_speed = {{cvt|125|mph}}
| marks = MARC
| host = [[Amtrak]], [[CSX Transportation|CSX]]
| el = [[Overhead line]], [[Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system|12&nbsp;kV&nbsp;25&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;AC]] {{small|(Penn&nbsp;Line)}}
| website = {{URL|https://mta.maryland.gov/marc-train|mta.maryland.gov/marc-train}}
| map = {{switcher
| {{maplink-road|from=MARC Train.map}}
| Show interactive map
| [[File:MARC Train lines.svg|275px]]
| Show static map
| {{MARC Train lines|inline=yes}}
| Show route diagram
}}
}}

The '''Maryland Area Rail Commuter''' ('''MARC''')<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Maryland Statutes :: Transportation :: Title 7 – Mass Transit :: Subtitle 2 – Maryland Transit Administration :: Section 7-208 – Jurisdiction of Administration Over Transit Facilities |url=https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2020/transportation/title-7/subtitle-2/section-7-208/ |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> is a [[commuter rail]] system in the [[Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area|Washington–Baltimore area]]. MARC {{Reporting mark|MARC}} is administered by the [[Maryland Transit Administration]] (MTA) and operated under contract by [[Alstom]] and [[Amtrak]] on track owned by [[CSX Transportation]] (CSXT) and Amtrak.<ref name="Alstom 2023 contract">{{cite news |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/alstom-receives-new-contract-for-marc-operations-maintenance/ |title=Alstom receives new contract for MARC operations, maintenance |date=April 10, 2023 |newspaper=Trains News Wire}}</ref><ref name="Amtrak Penn contract">{{cite web |title=Amtrak Awarded Five-Year Contract for MARC Penn Line |url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/technology/facilities/shelters-stations-fixtures-parking-lighting/press-release/12400771/amtrak-amtrak-awarded-fiveyear-contract-for-marc-penn-line |date=2018-02-28 |magazine=Mass Transit |publisher=Endeavor Business Media}}</ref> In {{American transit ridership|annualdate}}, the system had a ridership of {{American transit ridership|MD Baltimore CR annual}}, or about {{American transit ridership|MD Baltimore CR daily}} per weekday as of {{American transit ridership|dailydateasof}}, less than pre-[[COVID-19 pandemic]] weekday ridership of 40,000.<ref>https://frederickcountymd.gov/DocumentCenter/View/323253/TSAC-MARC-101-presentation {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref>

With trains on the [[Penn Line]] reaching a maximum speed of {{convert|125|mph}}, MARC has the highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States.<ref name="125 mph">{{Cite news |url=http://www.metro-magazine.com/rail/article/713751/maryland-s-marc-railroad-upgrades-fleet-service-to-bolster-ridership |title=Maryland's MARC Railroad Upgrades Fleet, Service to Bolster Ridership |last=Starcic |first=Janna |date=June 17, 2016 |work=Metro Magazine |access-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref>

== Operations ==
MARC has three lines that radiate from [[Washington Union Station|Union Station]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]:
* [[Penn Line]] – 58 weekday trains
* [[Camden Line]] – 21 weekday trains
* [[Brunswick Line]] – 18 weekday trains
The Penn Line is the only line with weekend service, having 18 trains on Saturdays and 12 on Sundays. Service is reduced or suspended on certain federal holidays.

All MARC trains operate in [[Push-pull train|push-pull]] mode. The [[control car|cab car]] is typically on the end of the train closest to Washington; on trains with diesel locomotives, this arrangement keeps exhaust further away from Union Station's terminal. Train lengths vary from the 3–5 cars to 10 cars on Penn Line rush hour trains. Shorter trains typically consist of all single level or all [[Bilevel rail car|bilevel]] passenger cars while longer trains may have a combination.

The MTA contracts out operations and maintenance of MARC trains to Amtrak for the Penn Line and Alstom for the Brunswick Line and Camden Line.<ref name="Amtrak Penn contract"/><ref name="Alstom 2023 contract"/>

=== Penn Line ===
{{Main|Penn Line}}
The '''Penn Line''' is a {{Convert|77|mi|adj=on}} line that runs along the far southern leg of Amtrak's [[Northeast Corridor]] between Washington, D.C., and [[Perryville station|Perryville, Maryland]], via [[Pennsylvania Station (Baltimore)|Baltimore Penn Station]]. Most trains operate along a {{Convert|39|mi|adj=on}} stretch between Washington and Baltimore Penn, with limited service to [[Martin State Airport station|Martin State Airport]] and Perryville. It is the fastest commuter rail line in North America, with equipment capable of operating at speeds up to {{convert|125|mph}}.<ref name="125 mph" /> Descended from Washington-Baltimore commuter routes operated by the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], it is by far the busiest MARC line, with almost twice as many trains and twice as many passengers as the other two lines combined. The Penn Line is the only electrified MARC line, and its only line that operates on weekends.

=== Camden Line ===
{{Main|Camden Line}}
The '''Camden Line''' is a {{Convert|39|mi|adj=on}} line that runs on CSX-owned tracks between Washington, D.C., and [[Camden Station]] in [[Baltimore]]. It is descended from B&O commuter routes running between Washington and Baltimore. The B&O began operating over portions of this route in 1830, making it one of the oldest passenger rail lines in the U.S. still in operation.<ref name="dilts">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JjrCWPwvHzIC |title=The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad, 1828–1853 |last=Dilts |first=James D. |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8047-2629-0 |location=Palo Alto, CA |page=157}}</ref>

=== Brunswick Line ===
{{Main|Brunswick Line}}
The '''Brunswick Line''' is a {{Convert|74|mi|adj=on}} line that runs on [[CSX Transportation|CSX]]-owned tracks between Washington, D.C., and [[Martinsburg station|Martinsburg, West Virginia]], with a {{Convert|14|mi|adj=on}} branch to [[Frederick station|Frederick, Maryland]]. It is descended from [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (B&O) commuter service between Washington and its northern and western suburbs.

=== Special Western Maryland service ===
MARC has run special weekend trips to and from [[Cumberland station (Maryland)|Cumberland, Maryland]], for [[Western Maryland]] residents to attend sporting events in the [[Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area|Washington–Baltimore area]], and to facilitate tourist excursions to Western Maryland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Maryland Area Rail Commuter, A Rider's Guide |last=Stakem |first=Patrick H. |publisher=PRB Publishing |year=2008 |asin=B004U7FKQS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=DH1GL5rRsyX|user=westernmarylandscenic|title=MARC hosted a special one-way excursion from Washington, DC to Frostburg, MD|first=Western Maryland Scenic Railroad|author=Tim Wilson|date=2025-03-30|access-date=2025-04-28|location=[[Cumberland,_Maryland|Cumberland]]}}</ref>

=== Intermodal connections ===
Nearly all stations served by MARC connect with local bus or [[Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)|Metrobus]] service. Washington Union Station, New Carrollton, College Park, Greenbelt, Silver Spring and Rockville offer connections to the [[Washington Metro]] subway, while Baltimore Penn Station and Camden Station both offer connections to the [[Baltimore Light RailLink]]. While the [[Baltimore Metro SubwayLink]] is not directly connected to the MARC system, its [[State Center station]] is not far from Baltimore Penn Station. Washington Union, Baltimore Penn, BWI Airport, Aberdeen, New Carrollton, Rockville, Harpers Ferry, and Martinsburg stations are shared with [[Amtrak]] service, and Union Station also offers a connection to the [[Virginia Railway Express]] system.

== History ==
[[File:Point of Rocks MARC 1987.jpg|thumb|left|A MARC [[EMD F7#Rebuilds|EMD F9PH]] leads a service through {{marc|Point of Rocks}} in 1987]]

=== Origins ===
All three MARC lines date from the 19th century. Service on the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (B&O) between Baltimore and [[Ellicott City, Maryland|Ellicott City]] began on May 24, 1830, over part of what is now the Camden Line.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IEPCqQErPHAC |title=History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad |last=Stover |first=John F. |date=January 1, 1995 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=978-1-55753-066-0 |language=en}}</ref> B&O service between Baltimore and Washington, the modern Camden Line route, began on August 25, 1835.<ref name="dilts" />

The [[Old Main Line Subdivision|B&O's main line]] was extended to Frederick Junction (with a branch to {{marc|Frederick}}) in 1831, to {{marc|Point of Rocks}} in 1832, to {{marc|Brunswick}} and {{marc|Harpers Ferry}} in 1834, and {{marc|Martinsburg}} in 1842. The B&O completed its [[Metropolitan Subdivision|Metropolitan Branch]] in 1873; most service from Martinsburg and Frederick was then diverted onto the Metropolitan Branch to Washington, and the old main line became a secondary route. This established the basic route for what would become the [[Brunswick Line]].

The [[Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad]] (PW&B) completed its line between Baltimore and Philadelphia in December 1838, save for the ferry across the [[Susquehanna River]], which was not bridged until the 1860s. Although the B&O was chartered with the unspoken assumption that no competing line would be built between Baltimore and Washington, the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]-owned [[Baltimore and Potomac Railroad]] (B&P) was completed between the two cities in 1872.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mdot.maryland.gov/Office_of_Planning_and_Capital_Programming/Plans_Programs_Reports/Historical_Documents/Southern_Maryland_Commuter_Service_Technical_Memorandum_07282009.pdf |title=Southern Maryland Commuter Rail Service Feasibility Study |date=August 2009 |publisher=Maryland Transit Administration}}</ref> The PW&B was initially hostile to the Pennsylvania (PRR); however, the PRR acquired it in a stock battle with the B&O in 1881. The PW&B soon began operating PRR through service{{snd}}the ancestor of [[Penn Line]] service{{snd}}between Washington and Philadelphia in conjunction with the B&P. Meanwhile, the PRR ended B&O [[Arrangements between railroads|trackage rights]] over the PW&B in 1884, forcing it to open [[Philadelphia Subdivision|its own parallel route]] in 1886. The PW&B and the B&P were combined into the PRR's [[Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad]] in 1902.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1902.pdf |title=A GENERAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE SUCCESSORS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY AND THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT: 1902 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref>

The B&O ended local service on the [[Frederick Branch (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad)|Frederick Branch]] in November 1949. All B&O passenger service between Baltimore and Philadelphia ended in 1958; local service from Washington was curtailed to [[Camden Station]]. The B&O continued to offer local service to Brunswick plus long-distance service, while the PRR operated a mix of local, intercity, and long-distance service on the [[Northeast Corridor]]. Local service north of Baltimore on the PRR ended around 1964.

=== Public takeover ===
[[File:Baltimore & Ohio train 161 from the Beltway, December 1970.jpg|thumb|A [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] train near the [[Capital Beltway]] in 1970, running on what is now the [[Camden Line]]]]
[[File:Penn Central MP54s near Capital Beltway station, July 1970.jpg|thumb|A [[Penn Central Transportation Company|Penn Central]] train near the Beltway in 1970, running on what is now the [[Penn Line]]]]
In the mid-20th century, passenger rail service declined owing to a variety of factors, particularly the advent of the automobile, even as commuting between suburban locations and urban business districts remained common. In 1968, the PRR folded into [[Penn Central Transportation Company|Penn Central]], which took over its passenger operations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1968.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical Context: 1968 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref> On May 1, 1971, [[Amtrak]] took over most intercity passenger service in the United States, including some of Penn Central's former routes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19710501&item=0008 |title=Nationwide Schedules of Intercity Passenger Service |date=May 1, 1971 |publisher=National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) |page=6 |via=The Museum of Railway Timetables}}</ref> The B&O and Penn Central continued to operate their Washington–Baltimore and Washington–Brunswick commuter routes without subsidies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1971.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical Context: 1971 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref>

Amtrak initially operated the Washington–[[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]] ''[[West Virginian (Amtrak train)|West Virginian]]'', later renamed ''Potomac Special''. The ''Potomac Special'' was cut back to a {{convert|146|mile|adj=on}} commuter-based Washington–Cumberland trip, the ''[[Blue Ridge (train)|Blue Ridge]]'', on May 7, 1973. In early 1974, the B&O threatened to discontinue its remaining unsubsidized commuter services, citing heavy losses. On March 1, 1974, the [[Maryland Department of Transportation]] (MDOT) began a 50% subsidy of the B&O's Washington–Brunswick and Washington–Baltimore service{{snd}}the first state-sponsored commuter rail service to Washington.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1974.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical Context: 1974 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref><ref name="marchistory">{{Cite web |url=http://mtamaryland.com/about/transitprofiles/MARC_History.cfm |title=History of MARC Train |publisher=Maryland Department of Transportation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117174532/http://mtamaryland.com/about/transitprofiles/MARC_History.cfm |archive-date=January 17, 2010}}</ref> In 1975, the state signed an operating agreement with the B&O, under which the state provided rolling stock and reimbursed the railroad for all operating losses.<ref name="marchistory" /> On October 31, 1976, Amtrak introduced the Washington–Cincinnati ''[[Shenandoah (Amtrak train)|Shenandoah]]'' and cut the ''Blue Ridge'' to a {{convert|73|mile|adj=on}} Washington–Martinsburg trip.<ref name=intercity>{{cite web |title=West Virginia State Rail Plan: Intercity Service Review |author=West Virginia Department of Transportation, State Rail Authority |date=March 12, 2013 |url=http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Intercity_Service_Review.sflb.ashx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131524/http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Intercity_Service_Review.sflb.ashx |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=usurped |pages=4–6}}</ref> In the late 1970s, West Virginia began to fund the B&O shuttles between Brunswick and Martinsburg; the shuttles were soon incorporated as extensions of Brunswick service in order to secure [[Federal Transit Administration|Urban Mass Transportation Administration]] subsidies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Maryland_Area_Regional_Commuter_Service.sflb.ashx |title=West Virginia State Rail Plan: Maryland Area Regional Commuter Service |date=March 12, 2013 |publisher=West Virginia Department of Transportation, State Rail Authority |access-date=October 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071936/http://www.westvirginiarailplan.com/Libraries/project_information/WV_SRP_-_Maryland_Area_Regional_Commuter_Service.sflb.ashx |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=usurped  }}</ref> In December 1981, MDOT purchased 22 ex-PRR coaches for use on B&O lines.<ref name="baer1980" /> The Maryland State Railroad Administration (SRA) was established in 1986 to administer contracts, procure rolling stock, and oversee short line railroads in the state.<ref name="marchistory" />

[[Conrail]] took over the unsubsidized ex-PRR Baltimore–Washington service from Penn Central at its creation on April 1, 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1976.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical ContextT: 1976 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref> MDOT began subsidizing that service after Conrail threatened to discontinue service on April 1, 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1977.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical Context: 1977 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref> Prior to 1978, most ex-PRR Baltimore–Washington service was operated by aging [[PRR MP54|MP54]] [[electric multiple unit]]s, most dating back to the line's 1933 electrification. In 1978, Amtrak and the City of Baltimore negotiated with the [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]] to lease a number of new [[Arrow (railcar)|Arrow]] railcars to replace the MP54s.<ref name="baer1978">{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1977.pdf |title=A General Chronology of the Successors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and Their Historical Context: 1977 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref> With funding from Pennsylvania and Maryland, Amtrak used some of the cars to initiate a Philadelphia–Washington commuter trip, the ''[[Chesapeake (train)|Chesapeake]]'', on April 30, 1978.<ref name="baer1978" /> The ''Chesapeake'' stopped at some local stations but fewer than the Conrail service; it provided commuter service from north of Baltimore for the first time since the 1960s.

[[BWI Rail Station]] opened for Amtrak and Conrail trains on October 26, 1980.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BWI Airport Rail Link Celebrates Opening |last=Shifrin |first=Carole |date=October 24, 1980 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=D3 |id = {{ProQuest|147198286}}}}</ref> In August 1982, Conrail trains began stopping at [[Capital Beltway station]], used by intercity trains since 1970. {{marc|Lanham}} and {{marc|Landover}} stations were closed.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Commuter Trains' New Stop: Beltway Station |date=August 11, 1982 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=MD11 |id = {{ProQuest|147456718}}}}</ref> Two additional round trips{{snd}}one in the peak direction, and one reverse for commuters working in Baltimore{{snd}}were added on July 5, 1983.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baltimore-D.C. Commuter Train Trips to Increase |last=Lynton |first=Stephen J. |date=June 9, 1983 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=B8 |id = {{ProQuest|147548056}}}}</ref> On October 30, 1983, Amtrak and MARC moved from Capital Beltway into a new platform and waiting room at nearby [[New Carrollton station]], which had been served by the Washington Metro since 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Tom |date=April 2009 |title=30th Anniversary of New Carrollton Station |url=http://www.actfortransit.org/archives/publications/TransitTimes-V23-2-Apr2009.pdf |journal=Transit Times |volume=23 |issue=2 |page=5 |access-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408043148/http://www.actfortransit.org/archives/publications/TransitTimes-V23-2-Apr2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Metro Parking Spots Rented to Amtrak For Temporary Use at New Carrollton |date=October 28, 1983 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=C12 |id = {{ProQuest|147479061}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-new-i-new-carrollton-station-brochure-1983 |title=New New Carrollton station |date=1983 |publisher=Amtrak}}</ref> The Edmondson Avenue and Frederick Road stops in Baltimore were replaced by [[West Baltimore station]] on April 30, 1984.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18762237/marc_west_baltimore/ |title=New station, schedule for rail users |last=McCord |first=Joel |date=April 28, 1984 |work=Baltimore Sun |via=Newspapers.com}}{{free access}}</ref>

In 1981, MDOT began installing highway signs to point drivers to commuter rail stations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bulletin Board |date=May 28, 1981 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=MD9 |id = {{ProQuest|147307755}}}}</ref> The ''Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981'' allowed Conrail to shed its commuter rail operations in 1983 in order to focus on its more profitable freight operations.<ref name="NERSA 1981">United States. Northeast Rail Service Act of 1981. (Title XI, Subtitle E of Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981.) {{USPL|97|35}} Section 1136. {{USC|45|744a}} Approved August 13, 1981.</ref> On January 1, 1983, public operators (including [[Metro-North Railroad]], [[NJ Transit]], and [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]) took over Conrail commuter rail systems in the Northeast.<ref>{{cite news |last=Feaver |first=Douglas B. |title=States Rush to Replace Conrail In Switch of Commuter Service |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/12/30/states-rush-to-replace-conrail-in-switch-of-commuter-service/9a16910a-61f8-46c0-9d7b-61c6f3681dcc/ |date=December 30, 1982 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> MDOT began paying Amtrak to run the ex-PRR Washington–Baltimore service.<ref name="marchistory" /><ref name="baer1980" /> That service was branded as AMDOT (Amtrak Maryland Department of Transportation).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/07/11/many-commute-from-baltimore-to-district-jobs/3842d475-8495-411f-af33-6d7a2be73453/ |title=Many Commute From Baltimore To District Jobs |last=Sargent |first=Edward D. |date=July 11, 1983 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> In October 1983, with low patronage and largely duplicated by the MDOT-subsidized service, the ''Chesapeake'' was discontinued. In 1984, the SRA introduced a unified brand for its three subsidized lines, MARC (originally short for '''Ma'''ryland '''R'''ail '''C'''ommuter, later modified to '''M'''aryland '''A'''rea '''R'''ail '''C'''ommuter). Operations remained the same, but public elements such as schedules and crew uniforms were consolidated under the new name.<ref name="marchistory" /><ref name="baer1980" /> MARC soon dubbed its three lines the Penn Line, Camden Line, and Brunswick Line.

=== Improved service ===
[[File:MARC 64 Jessup MD June 94 - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|thumb|right|MARC train led by an [[EMD E9]] (former [[Burlington Northern]]) at Jessup in 1994]]
In October 1986, MARC began testing an Amtrak [[EMD AEM-7|AEM-7]] locomotive, aiming to replace the Arrows with [[Push–pull train|push–pull trains]].<ref name="baer1980">{{Cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1980.pdf |title=A GENERAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE SUCCESSORS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY AND THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT: 1980–89 |last=Baer |first=Christopher T. |date=April 2015 |publisher=Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society}}</ref> On February 27, 1989, MARC increased Washington–Baltimore service from 7 to 13 weekday round trips. A new park-and-ride station opened at {{marc|Bowie State}}, while the previous [[Bowie Railroad Buildings|Bowie station]] was closed.<ref name="baer1980" /> Two more round trips were added in May 1989.<ref name="baer1980" />

On May 1, 1991, MARC service was extended north from Baltimore to {{marc|Perryville}} with intermediate stops at {{marc|Martin State Airport}}, {{marc|Edgewood}}, and {{marc|Aberdeen}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/05/01/commuter-rail-perryville-to-baltimore-starts-today-marc-lines-new-susquehanna-flyer-out-to-attract-commuters-all-aboard/ |title=Commuter rail, Perryville to Baltimore, starts today: MARC line's new Susquehanna Flyer out to attract commuters. ALL ABOARD! |last=Reid |first=Bruce |date=May 1, 1991 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-date=September 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915030630/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-05-01/news/1991121140_1_perryville-commuter-rail-service-marc |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 1988 and 1993, MARC expanded service from 34 to 70 total daily trips across the system.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/07/24/marc-plans-to-raise-fares-19-percent-boost-to-be-proposed/ |title=MARC plans to raise fares 19 percent boost to be proposed |last=Lee |first=Edward |date=July 24, 1993 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917213535/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-07-24/news/1993205036_1_buckley-marc-system-camden-station |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1995, 800 parking spaces were added to [[Odenton station]].<ref name="parking1995" />

From 1989 to 1996, the Camden Line had high ridership growth and substantial changes to its stations. A new station at {{marc|Savage}} just off [[Maryland Route 32|Route 32]] was opened on July 31, 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Columbia Commuters Get a Station Break: Convenience Touted at New MARC Stop in Savage Station Opens in Savage |last=Worden |first=Amy |date=August 3, 1989 |newspaper=The Washington Post |id = {{ProQuest|139977789}}}}</ref> MARC began service to [[Greenbelt station]] on May 3, 1993, seven months before Metro began serving the station.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1993/12/10/lukewarm-thrill-at-end-of-line/017c98b2-5d12-4e61-ad31-2e89e54109e6/ |title=LUKEWARM THRILL AT END OF LINE |last=Meyer |first=Eugene L. |date=December 10, 1993 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> On January 31, 1994, MARC expanded midday service on the Camden and Brunswick lines, opened [[Laurel Race Track station]] to relieve a parking shortage at [[Laurel station (MARC)|Laurel station]], and closed the underused Berwyn station on the Camden Line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1994/01/18/marc-is-off-to-the-races-jan-31/ |title=MARC is off to the races Jan. 31 |last=Jensen |first=Peter |date=January 18, 1994 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110142741/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-01-18/news/1994018046_1_marc-midday-service-union-station |url-status=live }}</ref> On December 12, 1994, [[Muirkirk station (MARC)|Muirkirk station]] (originally planned as South Laurel) was opened to reduce congestion on nearby [[U.S. Route 1 in Maryland|Route 1]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Commuter Lines Add Stations in Va. and Md. |last=Fehr |first=Stephen |date=December 12, 1994 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=D3 |id = {{ProQuest|757194485}}}}</ref> In 1996, a $1.2 million project added 600 parking spaces at Savage station to relieve crowding.<ref name="parking1995">{{Cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1995/06/22/600-spaces-to-be-added-to-marc-station-parking-lot-by-spring/ |title=600 spaces to be added to MARC station parking lot by spring |last=Hedgpeth |first=Dana |date=June 22, 1995 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829061920/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-06-22/news/1995173023_1_commuters-marc-stations-parking-lots |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 1996, the Elkridge station was closed and replaced with [[Dorsey station]], which has a larger parking area and a dedicated interchange with [[Maryland Route 100|Route 100]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-56834962.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911025205/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-56834962.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |title=State DOT Considers New Road near Dulles |last=Spellmann |first=Karyn |date=July 8, 1996 |work=The Washington Times |url-access=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.baltometro.org/reports/MajorTransMilestones.pdf |title=MAJOR TRANSPORTATION MILESTONES IN THE BALTIMORE REGION SINCE 1940 |last=Logan |first=Mary |date=December 1, 2005 |publisher=Baltimore Metropolitan Council |page=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227234104/http://www.baltometro.org/reports/MajorTransMilestones.pdf |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On April 30, 1987, the B&O was merged into [[CSX Transportation|CSX]]. CSX continued to operate Camden and Brunswick Line service.<ref name="baer1980" /> On July 6, 1987, MARC opened [[Metropolitan Grove station]] – the first new station on the Brunswick line in over a century.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=Summer 1987 |title=News and Upcoming Events |url=http://actfortransit.org/archives/publications/TransitTimes-V01-2-Sum1987.pdf |journal=Transit Times |publisher=Action Committee for Transit |volume=1 |issue=2 |access-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404212306/http://actfortransit.org/archives/publications/TransitTimes-V01-2-Sum1987.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Md. Commuters Get Another Way to Go |date=July 9, 1987 |newspaper=The Washington Post |id = {{ProQuest|139235759}}}}</ref>

=== 1996 Silver Spring collision ===
{{Main|1996 Maryland train collision}}
[[File:Brunswick train crash memorial front.jpg|left|thumb|150px|MARC Memorial on the grounds of the Brunswick train station]]

On February 16, 1996, during the Friday evening [[rush hour]], an eastbound train headed to [[Washington Union Station]] via the Brunswick Line [[1996 Maryland train collision|collided]] with the westbound [[Amtrak]] ''[[Capitol Limited (Amtrak train)|Capitol Limited]]'' headed to [[Chicago]] via [[Pittsburgh]]. The collision occurred at Georgetown Junction on a snow-swept stretch of track just west of [[Silver Spring, Maryland]]. The crash left 11 people dead aboard the MARC train. Three died of injuries suffered in the impact alone, with the rest succumbing to the ensuing smoke and flames or a combination of the two. Engineer Ricky Orr and conductors Jimmy Major Jr. and Jim Quillen were among the victims. Eight Jobs Corps students also were killed during the accident.

The NTSB report concluded that the MARC crew apparently forgot the approach signal [[Railway signal#Aspects and indications|aspect]] of the Kensington [[Railway signal#Colour-position signals|color-position signal]] after making a [[Request stop|flag stop]] at [[Kensington station (Maryland)|Kensington station]]. The MARC train was operating in [[Push-pull train|push]] mode with the cab control car out front. The Amtrak locomotives were in the crossover at the time of the collision; the MARC cab control car collided with the lead Amtrak unit, [[EMD F40PH|F40PH]] #255, rupturing its fuel tank and igniting the fire that caused most of the casualties. The second unit was a [[GE Genesis#P40DC|GE Genesis P40DC]] #811, a newer unit that has a fuel tank that is shielded in the center of the frame. The official investigation also suggests that the accident might have been prevented if a [[human reliability|human-factors analysis]] had been conducted when modifications to the track signaling system were made in 1992 with the closing of nearby QN tower.

=== Operations and maintenance contracting controversy ===
In June 2010, the MTA began looking for a new operations and maintenance contractor to replace [[CSX Transportation]] for the Camden and Brunswick lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2010/06/marc-to-seek-new-operator-for-csx-run-routes|title=MARC to seek new operator for CSX-run routes|publisher=Trains Magazine|date=June 14, 2010|access-date=June 14, 2010|url-access=subscription|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126212256/https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2010/06/marc-to-seek-new-operator-for-csx-run-routes|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Controversy arose when the French-owned and [[Montgomery County, Maryland]]-based [[Keolis]], already operating [[Virginia Railway Express]] trains, was the only bidder for the contract. The bidding process was suspended in late 2010 due to lack of competition. Before bidding reopened in 2011, Maryland passed a law requiring Keolis' majority owner, French state railway company [[SNCF]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/06/AR2010070605169_2.html?sid=ST2010070605786 |title=Holocaust group faults VRE contract |last=Shaver |first=Katherine |date=July 7, 2010 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> to fully disclose its role in transporting Jews to concentration camps during [[World War II]], at the request of Leo Bretholz and other [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] survivors. This disclosure would need to meet the satisfaction of the Maryland state archivist before Keolis would be allowed to place a bid for MARC service. Keolis faced similar issues while bidding for VRE operations in 2009 before eventually being awarded the contract. Keolis and SNCF lawyers claimed that all documentation required by the law had been produced long before.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/politics/27069604/detail.html |title=No way to run a railroad |date=March 3, 2011 |publisher=WBAL TV |access-date=September 1, 2012}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In June 2011, the future of Keolis's ability to bid on the MARC contract remained up in the air with the new disclosure law in place. No other bidder had emerged to replace CSXT. On June 5, 2011, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' ran an editorial critical of the disclosure law. The Post claimed that SNCF has been working for years on digitizing its records, and the Maryland law may require items or formats counter to SNCF's current system and/or French law. The article also stated that some in the Maryland Attorney General's Office worried the law was not Constitutional, may risk retaliation towards Maryland firms overseas, and may risk federal funding for Maryland "by imposing arbitrary procurement demands on a single company".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/no-way-to-run-a-railroad/2011/06/03/AGk2gmJH_story.html |title=No way to run a railroad |last=Lind |first=Michael |date=June 5, 2011 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.jewishtimes.com/index.php/jewishtimes/news/jt/local_news/state_archivist_sncf_archives_might_not_be_enough/29884 |title=State archivist SNCF archives might not be enough |last=Rubin |first=Neil |date=February 10, 2012 |work=Baltimore Jewish Times |access-date=March 4, 2012 |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805172730/http://www.jewishtimes.com/index.php/jewishtimes/news/jt/local_news/state_archivist_sncf_archives_might_not_be_enough/29884 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

MTA issued a new [[Request for proposal|RFP]] for the operations and maintenance of MARC services on the Brunswick and Camden Lines on July 14, 2011, with a deadline for proposals on November 21, 2011. The terms specified a nearly six-year base contract with a five-year renewal option.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.masstransitmag.com/news/10454236/md-mta-keolis-mum-on-bids-to-run-marc-lines |title=MD MTA Keolis mum on bids to run MARC lines |last=Sohr |first=Nicholas |date=November 21, 2011 |work=The Daily Record via masstransitmag.com}}</ref> On October 17, 2012, the $204 million contract was awarded to the [[Canada|Canadian]] company [[Bombardier Transportation]],<ref name="Weir">{{Cite news |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/bombardier-wins-204m-marc-commuter-train-contract/article/2511058#.UI1WIWe_Msc |title=Bombardier wins $204m MARC commuter train contract |last=Weir |first=Kytja |date=October 17, 2012 |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |access-date=October 28, 2012}}</ref> effectively ending the Keolis controversy. The pre-service transition period began on the Thursday of that week, during which time CSXT continued to operate MARC trains.<ref name="Weir" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dr-gridlock/wp/2012/10/17/new-company-to-operate-some-marc-trains/ |title=New company to operate some MARC trains |last=Shaver |first=Katherine |date=October 17, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 18, 2012}}</ref> The five-year renewal was exercised in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vantuono |first=William |date=March 26, 2018 |title=MARC extends Bombardier O&M contract |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/commuterregional/marc-extends-bombardier-om-contract/ |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=Railway Age |language=en-US}}</ref> The contract passed to Alstom in 2021 when they purchased Bombardier. Alstom was awarded a $401 million, five-year contract in April 2023, with two five-year extensions possible.<ref name="Alstom 2023 contract"/>

== Rolling stock ==
The following tables summarize current and former MARC rolling stock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/MARC.HTML|title=Maryland Rail Commuter Roster|website=www.thedieselshop.us|access-date=May 17, 2018}}</ref>

=== Locomotives ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Current MARC Locomotives
! Manufacturer || Model || Quantity || Unit Numbers
! Image || Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]] || [[EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives#GP39H-2|GP39PH-3C]] || 6 || 70–75 || [[File:MARC GP39PH-2 70 (cropped).jpg|150px]]|| Entered service in 1988. Originally built as GP39H-2, all were rebuilt as GP39PH-3Cs {{as of|lc=y|2023}}.
|-
| [[EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives#GP40PH-2|GP40PH-2A]] || 1 || 4145 || || Purchased from [[New Jersey Transit]] in 2018.
|-
| [[EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives#GP40WH-2|GP40WH-2]] || 1 || 68 || [[File:MARC52 (cropped).jpg|150px]]|| Entered service in 1992; used for non-revenue work duty and rescue use.
|-
| [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier–]] [[Alstom]] || [[Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8|HHP-8]] || 6 || 4910–4913, 4915 || [[File:MARC 4911 (14669332360) (cropped).jpg|150px]]||
Entered service in 1998; {{Convert|125|mph|abbr=on}} maximum speed; refurbished 2017–2018.  4914 is retired and used as a parts source.
|-
| [[MPI MPXpress|MPI]] || [[MPI MPXpress#MP36PH-3C|MP36PH-3C]] || 26 || 10–35 || [[File:MARC 29 (9116980755).jpg|150px]] ||
Entered service 2009–2011; replaced GP40WH-2s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtamaryland.com/services/marc/serviceInformation/On_Your_MARC_Text.cfm |title=MTA Expands MARC Penn Line Service |publisher=MTA Maryland Service Information |access-date=February 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331152834/http://www.mtamaryland.com/services/marc/serviceInformation/On_Your_MARC_Text.cfm |archive-date=March 31, 2009  }}</ref>
|-
| [[Siemens]] || [[Siemens Charger|Charger SC-44]] || 8<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Board Of Public Works Approves $58 Million Contract For Eight MARC Locomotives |date=September 17, 2015 |publisher=[[Maryland Transit Administration]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |url=http://mta.maryland.gov/board-public-works-approves-58-million-contract-eight-marc-locomotives |access-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> || 80–87
|[[File:MARC Charger Testing in Odenton (cropped).jpg|150px]]||Entered service in 2018; replaced AEM-7s; {{Convert|125|mph|abbr=on}} maximum speed<ref name="jan 2018 minutes">{{Cite web |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/mta-website-staging/mta-website-staging/files/Community/MARCRAC_Minutes_20178-01-18.pdf |title=MARC Riders Advisory Council Meeting Summary Minutes |website=MTA Maryland |date=January 18, 2018 |access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mta.maryland.gov/content/penn-line-schedule-change-april-23 |title=Penn Line schedule change: April 23 |website=MTA Maryland |access-date=April 15, 2018}}</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Former MARC Locomotives
! Manufacturer || Model || Quantity || Unit Numbers
! Image || Notes
|-
| [[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]]/[[ASEA]] || [[EMD AEM-7|AEM-7]] || 4 || 4900–4903
| [[File:EMD AEM-7 MARC 4902 at Union Station.jpg|150px]]||
Replaced by the Siemens SC-44 Chargers; units placed in storage,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mta-d7.cg-devel.com/sites/default/files/MARCRAC_Minutes_2017-04-20.pdf |title=MARC Riders Advisory Council Meeting Minutes |date=April 20, 2017 |website=MTA Maryland |access-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602164602/https://mta-d7.cg-devel.com/sites/default/files/MARCRAC_Minutes_2017-04-20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> pending disposal
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]] || [[EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives#GP40WH-2|GP40WH-2]] || 19 || 51–67, 69
| [[File:MARC52.jpg|150px]]||
Replaced by the MP36PH-3Cs; nos. 67–69 were rebuilt from [[EMD GP40|GP40]] work locomotives 30–32; no. 68 continues in non-revenue work duty and rescue use; several units rebuilt into MPI MP32PH-Q for Central Florida's [[SunRail]] commuter train; remaining units in Columbia, Pennsylvania pending rebuild by MPI or Progress Rail, Units 54, 56, 57, and 58 sold to PNLX;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dof-USwl8Tc| title=North Pole Express 2022 - Owosso to Ashley, MI - 12/10/22 | website=[[YouTube]] | date=December 11, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pnlxrail.com/locomotives |title=Locomotives for Lease &#124; Precision Locomotive &#124; United States }}</ref> 69 was sold to CSX and renumbered 9969.
|-
| [[EMD E9|E9AM]] || 10 || 60–69
| [[File:MARC 64 Jessup MD June 1994xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|150px]]||Ex-[[Burlington Northern Railroad]]/Metra;<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Journal Update |magazine=Passenger Train Journal |page=13 |date=February 1993 |issue=2 |volume=24 |issn=01606913}}</ref> originally built as [[EMD E8|E8As]]; nos. 67–68 renumbered to 91–92.
|-
| [[EMD F9|F9PH]] || 5 || 81–85
| [[File:MARC 83 at Brunswick MD June 1994xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|150px]]||Ex-[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]; rebuilt by [[Morrison-Knudsen]] from former [[EMD F7|F7]] locomotives; former MDOT 7181–7185.
|-
| [[EMD F7|F7 APCU]] ||1 || 7100 || [[File:MARC No. 7100 (15519101509).jpg|150px]] || Ex-Baltimore and Ohio Railroad F7 #4553, converted to an [[Control car#Converted locomotives|APCU]] and equipped with a generator for [[head-end power]]; occasionally substituted for a cab car in the early 2000s; preserved at the B&O Railroad Museum and used on the museum's railroad tour<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/csxrailfan/nov99/marc7100/marc7100.html |title=The MARC 7100 Returns! (November 1999 ''CSX Railfan Magazine'') |website=TrainWeb |access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MARC #7100 - Locomotive, Diesel-Electric {{!}} B&O Railroad Museum |url=https://borail.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/2D41903D-73E0-4D36-8511-466995681962 |website=borail.pastperfectonline.com}}</ref>
|}

=== Passenger cars ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Current MARC Passenger Cars
! Manufacturer
! Model
! Quantity
! When Delivered
! Car Numbers
! Image
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Sumitomo Corporation|Sumitomo]]/{{zwsp}}[[Nippon Sharyo]]
| MARC&nbsp;IIA
| 16&nbsp;coaches
| 1985–1987
| 7700–7715
| rowspan="3" |[[File:MARC deadhead (12373901765).jpg|150px]]
| 7710-7713 are "Bike Cars" with 16 bike racks and 22 passenger seats. 7709 destroyed in [[1996 Maryland train collision|1996 Silver Spring collision]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | MARC&nbsp;IIB
| 28&nbsp;coaches
| rowspan="2" | 1991–1993
| 7716–7735, 7791–7799
| rowspan="2" | Overhauled in 2009–2011 by [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]; 7720 destroyed in [[1996 Maryland train collision|1996 Silver Spring collision]]
|-
| 6&nbsp;cab&nbsp;cars
| 7757-7762
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company|Kawasaki]]
| rowspan="2" | MARC&nbsp;III
| 49&nbsp;coaches
| rowspan="2" | 1999–2001
| 7800–7834, 7870–7876, 7890–7896
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MARC 537 (12374362454).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | Overhauled 2018–2020 by Bombardier;<ref>{{Cite press release |title=MARC Train Awards $36.8 Million Contract to Bombardier Transportation to Overhaul 63 Bi-Level Rail Cars |date=February 4, 2016 |publisher=Maryland Transit Administration |location=Baltimore, MD |url=https://www.mta-d7.cg-devel.com/marc-train-awards-368-million-contract-bombardier-transportation-overhaul-63-bi-level-rail-cars |access-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602195948/https://www.mta-d7.cg-devel.com/marc-train-awards-368-million-contract-bombardier-transportation-overhaul-63-bi-level-rail-cars |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jan 2018 minutes" /> nos. 7826–7834 and 7855–7858 are ex-[[Virginia Railway Express|VRE]] purchased in 2000, acquired by MARC in 2008<ref>{{Cite news |title=New cars may ease MARC crowding |last=Michael Dresser |date=August 20, 2008 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |pages=1B, 6B}}</ref>
|-
| 14&nbsp;cab&nbsp;cars
| 7845–7858
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]
| rowspan="2" | MARC&nbsp;IV
| 39&nbsp;coaches
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| 8000–8034, 8090-8094
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MARC 8046.jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Bombardier MultiLevel Coach]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mta-d7.cg-devel.com/governor-o%E2%80%99malley-announces-marc-purchase-54-multi-level-passenger-cars |title=Governor O'Malley Announces Marc to Purchase 54 Multi-level Passenger Cars |date=November 2, 2011 |publisher=MTA Maryland |access-date=September 1, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|15&nbsp;cab&nbsp;cars
|8045–8059
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Former MARC Passenger Cars
! Manufacturer
! Model
! Quantity
! When Delivered
! Car Numbers
! Image
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Budd Company|Budd]]
| [[Budd Rail Diesel Car|RDC]]
| 16
| 1984
| 1, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 20, 22, 23, 800, 9801, 9802, 9805, 9918, 9921, 9941
| [[File:MARC 20 at Gaithersburg, MD on August 14, 1987 (22763179726) (cropped).jpg|150px]]
|Self-propelled cars inherited from various railroads
|-
| MARC I
| 22
| 1984
| 100–114, 130–134, 140–149, 150–154,160–169, 190–191<ref>Amtrak Employee Timetable, 1990</ref>
|[[File:Single level passenger car in Hyannis (cropped).JPG|150px]]
| Ex-[[Pennsylvania Railroad]], [[Norfolk and Western Railway]], [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]], and [[SEMTA Commuter Rail|SEMTA]] single level&nbsp;coaches; some used at the [[B&O Railroad Museum]], others sold to private operators
|-
|[[Sumitomo Corporation|Sumitomo]]/ [[Nippon Sharyo]]
|MARC IIA
| 11
| 1985–1987
| Cabs: 7745–7756
|[[File:MARC deadhead (12373901765).jpg|150px]]
|Single level&nbsp;coaches; 7752 destroyed in 1996 Silver Spring train collision; Units have not officially retired, however they have been stored since 2020.
|-
| [[Pullman Company|Pullman Standard]]
| Gallery cars
| 12
| 2004
| 7900–7911
| [[File:Gallery Cars (4782645545) (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| Ex-[[Metra]] gallery bilevel&nbsp;coaches often used on the Brunswick Line; replaced by Bombardier MARC IV in early 2015 and returned to Metra<ref>{{Cite web|last=Starcic|first=Janna|date=June 17, 2016|title=Maryland's MARC Railroad Upgrades Fleet, Service to Bolster Ridership|url=https://www.metro-magazine.com/10007454/marylands-marc-railroad-upgrades-fleet-service-to-bolster-ridership|access-date=February 4, 2021|website=Metro}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Proposals for service expansion ==
=== 2007 plan ===
In the first decade of the 21st century, MARC ridership increased significantly, and the system neared capacity for its current configuration. With the area population growing and the [[Base Realignment and Closure|BRAC]] process poised to bring new jobs to [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] and [[Fort Meade]], both near MARC stations, the state saw the need to expand service. In September 2007, MTA Maryland unveiled an ambitious 30-year plan of system improvements. Though funding sources had not been established at that time, the plan represented the state's goals of increasing capacity and flexibility. Proposed improvements included:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtamaryland.com/marc%20plan%20full.pdf |title=MARC Growth & Investment Plan |date=September 2007 |publisher=MTA Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227000614/http://www.mtamaryland.com/marc%20plan%20full.pdf |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 16, 2010 }}</ref>

*54 Bombardier MultiLevels were ordered to replace aging single-level cars.
*Weekend service on the Penn Line. Service began on December 7, 2013, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., with some trips extending to Martin State Airport. There are nine round trips on Saturdays (three begin and three then later end at Martin State Airport) and 6 round trips on Sundays (two begin and two then later end at Martin State Airport).<ref name="penn line">{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2019 |title=MARC Penn Line Full Timetable |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/mta-website-staging/mta-website-staging/files/Routes+Schedules/marc_penn-washington.pdf |access-date=May 14, 2019 |publisher=Maryland Transit Administration}}</ref>
*Increased mid-day service and [[reverse commute]] service on the Camden and Brunswick Lines. As of 2015, there is a somewhat limited reverse commute service in effect on the [[Camden Line]].
*Extension of service past Union Station in Washington to [[L'Enfant Plaza station|L'Enfant Plaza]] and to [[Northern Virginia]] along [[Virginia Railway Express|VRE]] routes, thus relieving pressure on the [[Washington Metro]]
*More daily trips east of Baltimore's Penn Station, including improved service to Aberdeen Proving Ground
*Service beyond [[Perryville station|Perryville]] to [[Newark, Delaware|Newark]] or [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] in Delaware, providing a connection to [[SEPTA Regional Rail|SEPTA]] commuter trains to Philadelphia and beyond
*New or expanded tunnels along the Northeast Corridor in Baltimore
*New stations in Baltimore, providing direct connections with the [[Baltimore Metro Subway|Metro Subway]], and service to [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] and [[Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center|Bayview Medical Center]]
*Rapid transit-like service through Baltimore

Some of the proposals were foreseen to take years or decades to implement, however others such as Penn Line weekend service could have begun in a matter of months, yet budgetary shortfalls prevented this. In Spring 2009, to offset such budget shortfalls, ticket sales employees at most non-Amtrak stations were replaced with Amtrak "[[Amtrak Arrow Reservation System|Quik-Trak]]" [[touchscreen]] ticket machines, and some train services were eliminated or scaled back. Ticket machines were also added to stations that were not previously staffed, such as {{marc|Halethorpe}}. The only remaining staffed stations, Odenton and Frederick, remained staffed by Commuter Direct.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mta-d7.cg-devel.com/news/odenton-station-now-commuter-direct-store |title=Odenton station is now a Commuter Direct Store |date=September 2009 |publisher=MTA Maryland |access-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602201544/https://www.mta-d7.cg-devel.com/news/odenton-station-now-commuter-direct-store |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.commuterpage.com/pages/tools-resources/commuter-store-commuter-direct/#store_locations |title=Commuter Direct Store Locations |date=March 2015 |publisher=Commuter Direct}}</ref>

=== 2010s: Initial Extension Proposal to Delaware ===
In 2017, the Wilmington Area Planning Council submitted ridership studies to [[Cecil County, Maryland|Cecil County]], the [[Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission]], [[SEPTA]] and the [[Delaware Department of Transportation]] for the extension of MARC service from [[Perryville station|Perryville]] to [[Newark station (Delaware)|Newark, Delaware]], and possibly [[Wilmington station (Delaware)|Wilmington]], via [[Elkton station|Elkton]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kroner |first1=Brad |date=April 28, 2017 |title=MARC stop in Elkton moves forward, Perryville MARC facility stalls |publisher=Cecil Whig |url=https://www.cecildaily.com/spotlight/marc-stop-in-elkton-moves-forward-perryville-marc-facility-stalls/article_6fc3adeb-b5ab-5f96-890e-37862d28e2d0.html |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kroner |first1=Brad |date=March 7, 2017 |title=Study to examine extending MARC line to Newark |publisher=Newark Post (Delaware) |url=https://www.newarkpostonline.com/news/study-to-examine-extending-marc-line-to-newark/article_f1b25144-e82b-5966-bf7d-51e9d41d52ae.html |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> The section from Perryville to Newark is the one of only three along the [[Northeast Corridor]] not covered by commuter train service (the others are between [[New London Union Station|New London, Connecticut]], and [[Wickford Junction station|Wickford Junction, Rhode Island]], and between [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|New York Penn Station]] and [[New Rochelle, New York]]). The Route 5 bus operated by [[Cecil Transit]] formerly connected the two stations.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fixed Route 5 (schedule) |publisher=[[Cecil Transit]] |url=http://www.ccgov.org/home/showdocument?id=32808 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044513/http://www.ccgov.org/home/showdocument?id=32808 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2020s: Extension to Delaware and Virginia Agreement ===
On April 13, 2023, MDOT announced an agreement with the Virginia Passenger Rail Authority and the [[Delaware Transit Corporation]] for expansion possibilities beyond the current termini of MARC train service. Expansion into Virginia would allow a one seat ride from Maryland to [[Alexandria, Virginia]] and to Newark, Delaware, with the latter being initially proposed in 2017 as advocated by Cecil County residents. The extension into Delaware would require further deliberations among regional partners, while the extension into Virginia would require replacing the [[Long Bridge (Potomac River)|Long Bridge]] over the Potomac to safely allow more train capacity, which is slated to be completed by 2030. In the short-term, a plan to allow VRE and MARC passenger tickets to be honored on each system is under consideration.<ref>{{cite news|last1 = Lazo|first1= Luz|title = Maryland advances plan for MARC train service to Virginia, Delaware|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2023/04/13/marc-maryland-commuter-trains-virginia/|newspaper = The Washington Post|date = April 13, 2023|accessdate = April 17, 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
{{Commons category|MARC Train}}
{{Portal|Maryland|Trains}}
*[https://mta.maryland.gov/ Maryland Transit Administration]
*[https://www.mta.maryland.gov/transit-maps Baltimore Area Transit & MARC System Map]
*[http://www.marctracker.com/PublicView/status.html MARC Current Train Status Using GPS Technology]

{{MTA Maryland}}
{{MARC Train}}
{{Baltimore Transit}}
{{Transit In DC}}
{{Delaware Valley transit}}
{{Northeast Corridor navbox}}
{{USCommRail}}

[[Category:MARC Train| ]]
[[Category:Commuter rail in the United States]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1984]]
[[Category:Maryland railroads]]
[[Category:High-speed trains of the United States]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C., railroads]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Maryland]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200&nbsp;km/h in commercial operations]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in the United States]]
[[Category:Electric railways in Maryland]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in the United States]]