Editing MARPAT

{{short description|US Marine Corps camouflage pattern}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox military gear
| name               = MARPAT (Marine Pattern)
| image              = MARPAT woodland pattern.jpg
| image_size         =
| alt                =
| caption            = A swatch of MARPAT-printed fabric in the woodland pattern variant
| origin             = United States
| type               = [[Military camouflage]] pattern
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 2002&ndash;present
| used_by            = {{Plainlist|
*[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]]
*[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] (primarily [[corpsman|corpsmen]], [[military chaplain|chaplains]], and religious program specialists, all while attached to Marine Corps units; Worn with “U.S. Navy” nametapes and Navy rank & insignia)
*[[NROTC|Navy ROTC]] (Marine-option [[midshipman|midshipmen]] only)
*[[JROTC|Marine Corps JROTC]]
*[[New York Naval Militia]] (Marine Reservist & prior-service Marine members only)<ref>https://dmna.ny.gov/forms/naval/NYNMINST_1020.1C_Uniform_Regulations.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
*See ''[[Cadetpat|Users]]'' for non-U.S. users}}
| wars               = In US service:<br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]<br />[[Iraq War]]<br/>In non-US service:<br />[[Insurgency in Northeast India]]<br />[[Naxalite-Maoist Insurgency]]<br />[[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />[[Russo-Georgian war]]<br />[[Insurgency in Northern Chad]]<br />[[Syrian civil war]]<br />[[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni civil war]]<br />[[Internal conflict in Myanmar]] (including the [[Myanmar civil war]]) <br />[[Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Iranian intervention in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = [[Timothy O'Neill (camoufleur)|Timothy O'Neill]], Anabela Dugas, Kenneth G. Henley, John Joseph Heisterman, Jr., Luisa DeMorais Santos, Gabriel R. Patricio, Deirdre E. Townes 
| design_date        = 2000–2001
| manufacturer       = 
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 2001–present
| number             = 
| variants           =

{{Plainlist|
*Desert MARPAT
*Woodland MARPAT
*Winter MARPAT (used only on select cold-weather outer-garments; While the pattern is still “digital,” it differs markedly from the other MARPAT variants)<ref name="auto">[http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/SITES/PMICE/InfoPapers/Clothing/SnowCamo.pdf Snow Camouflage Uniform data sheet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304135054/http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/SITES/PMICE/InfoPapers/Clothing/SnowCamo.pdf |date=4 March 2009}}</ref>
*Urban MARPAT (prototype only, never used operationally)
*See ''[[#Design and colors|Design and colors]]'' for more details}}
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 
| length             = 
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = 
}}
[[File:U.S. Marines Combat Utility Uniforms 2003, Full-Color Plate (2003), by John M. Carrillo.png|right|thumb|A 2003 drawing showcasing the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform in desert and woodland camouflage variants]]

'''MARPAT''' (short for '''Marine pattern''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olive-drab.com/od_soldiers_clothing_marpat.php|title=Marine Pattern Uniform (MARPAT)|website=olive-drab.com}}</ref> is a [[multi-scale camouflage]] pattern in use with the [[United States Marine Corps]], designed in 2001 and introduced from late 2002 to early 2005 with the [[Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform]] (MCCUU), which replaced the [[Battle Dress Uniform|Camouflage Utility Uniform]]. Its design and concept are based on the Canadian [[CADPAT]] pattern. The pattern is formed of small rectangular pixels of color. In theory, it is a far more effective camouflage than standard uniform patterns because it mimics the dappled textures and rough boundaries found in natural settings. It is also known as the "digital pattern" or "digi-cammies" because of its micropattern (pixels) rather than the old macropattern (big blobs).

The United States government has [[patent]]ed MARPAT, including specifics of its manufacture.<ref name="main">{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6805957|title=Camouflage U.S. Marine corps utility uniform: pattern, fabric, and design|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129081629/https://www.google.com/patents/US6805957|archive-date=29 January 2014}}</ref> By regulation, the pattern and items incorporating it, such as the MCCUU and [[ILBE]] backpack, are to be supplied by authorized manufacturers only and are not for general commercial sale, although imitations are available such as "'''Digital Woodland Camo'''" or "'''Digital Desert Camo'''".

MARPAT was also chosen because it distinctively identifies its wearers as Marines to their adversaries, while simultaneously helping its wearers remain concealed. This was demonstrated by a Marine spokesman at the launch of MARPAT, who stated: "We want to be instantly recognized as a force to be reckoned with. We want them to see us coming a mile away in our new uniforms."<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Blechman | first1 = Hardy | last2 =Newman | first2 =Alex | title= DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material | year=2004 | publisher= Department of Publications, Maharishi | isbn = 0-9543404-0-X}}</ref> As such, the U.S. Marine Corps restricts use of the camouflage, preventing its use in most other divisions of the United States military with the exception of some elements of the U.S. Navy.

==Development==
[[File:Swatch of woodland MARPAT with no black pixels, used for sewing nametapes.png|thumb|left|upright|Woodland MARPAT with embedded EGAs and black elements omitted, used for the sewing of nametapes.]]
[[File:Unif703.jpg|thumb|upright|A U.S. Marine showcasing the MCCUU in woodland MARPAT in 2001]]
MARPAT was designed by [[Timothy O'Neill (camoufleur)|Timothy O'Neill]],<ref name=Fusco2010>{{cite web |last1=Fusco |first1=Vincent |title=West Point explores science of camouflage |url=https://www.army.mil/article/40245/West_Point_explores_science_of_camouflage |publisher=U. S. Army |date=3 June 2010 |access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> Anabela Dugas,<ref name=patentMARPAT/> Kenneth G. Henley,<ref name=patentMARPAT/> John Joseph Heisterman Jr.,<ref name=patentMARPAT/> Luisa DeMorais Santos,<ref name=patentMARPAT/> Gabriel R. Patricio,<ref name=patentMARPAT/> and Deirdre E. Townes.<ref name=patentMARPAT/>

The concept of using miniature swatches of color as opposed to large splotches is not new.  In [[World War II]], [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops used various patterns similar to the current German ''[[Flecktarn]]'', which involved similar small dabs of color on a uniform to provide camouflage.

The Canadian Forces originally developed the pattern called [[CADPAT]], on which MARPAT was based.<ref>{{cite web |last1=King |first1=A. |title=The Digital Revolution: Camouflage Uniforms in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://studylib.net/doc/6912885/camouflage-millennium---open-research-exeter--ore-|publisher=University of Exeter |access-date=29 March 2016 |date=2014 }}</ref> O'Neill's<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fusco |first1=Sgt. Vincent |title=West Point explores science of camouflage |url=https://www.army.mil/article/40245/ |publisher=United States Army |access-date=29 March 2016 |date=3 June 2010 |quote=He designed the Marine Corps' MARine PATtern, or MARPAT camouflage and worked with the Marines, Army, Office of Naval Research and Program Executive Office Soldier on various studies and adaptations of texture match. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413103127/http://www.army.mil/article/40245/ |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref> USMC design team in charge of this process, initially with the assistance of Kenneth G. Henley and then John Joseph Heisterman Jr. (both active duty [[United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper|U.S. Marine Scout Snipers]]), went through over 150 different camo patterns before selecting three samples that met their initial objectives. These were two versions of [[tigerstripe]] and an older design of [[Rhodesian Brushstroke]]. The influence of tigerstripe can still be seen in the final MARPAT. These three samples were then reconstructed using new shapes and unique color blends that would allow a more effective uniform in a great range of environments.

The new patterns were then field tested in different environments, day and night, with night vision and various optics. MARPAT did exceptionally well in their wet uniform test when viewed with night vision while illuminated with IR, where normally patterns appear as a solid. The MARPAT patent lists U.S. Army research into [[fractal]] pattern camouflage as the basis for MARPAT.

The MARPAT pattern was chosen in a run-off against seven other patterns at the USMC [[Scout Sniper]] Instructor School.<ref name="tecom.usmc.mil">{{cite web|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/CammieConsid.htm |title=Combat Utility Uniform Camouflage Considerations |website=www.tecom.usmc.mil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010920015716/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/CammieConsid.htm |archive-date=2001-09-20 }}</ref>

Preliminary development of MARPAT began in April 2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648951.pdf|date=September 2012|work=Report to Congressional Requesters|publisher=United States Government Accountability Office|author=United States Government Accountability Office|title=Warfighter Support: DOD Should Improve Development of Camouflage Uniforms and Enhance Collaboration Among the Services|access-date=3 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615172055/https://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648951.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2017}}</ref> with field testing of the pattern and the MCCUU beginning in 2001. The patent for the MARPAT pattern was filed on 19 June 2001,<ref name=patentMARPAT>{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD491372 |title=Camouflage pattern for sheet material and uniforms US D491372 S |access-date=24 February 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020104643/http://www.google.com/patents/USD491372 |archive-date=20 October 2016 }}</ref> whereas the patent for the MCCUU uniform was filed on 7 November 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6805957|title=Camouflage U.S. Marine corps utility uniform: pattern, fabric, and design US 6805957 B1|access-date=24 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129081629/https://www.google.com/patents/US6805957|archive-date=29 January 2014}}</ref> Early prototypes of the MARPAT desert pattern from 2001 featured grey, whereas the finished product did not.

In 2001, Marine Forces Pacific Lt. Gen. Frank Libutti and Sgt. Maj. Stephen Mellinger were the first Marines to publicly wear the uniform<ref>{{cite web|title=Marines get new uniform {{!}} The Honolulu Advertiser {{!}} Hawaii's Newspaper|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2001/Aug/13/mn/mn01a.html|access-date=2021-02-07|website=the.honoluluadvertiser.com}}</ref> before the uniform made its official debut at [[Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune|Camp Lejeune, North Carolina]] on 17 January 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.dcmilitary.com/dcmilitary_archives/stories/011702/13087-1.shtml|title=New uniform debuts today|location=Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia|date=17 January 2002|work=Around the Fleet|access-date=19 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919093854/http://ww2.dcmilitary.com/dcmilitary_archives/stories/011702/13087-1.shtml|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> In February 2003, MARPAT-patterned helmet covers began to be produced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=212748%20 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |publisher=Quicksearch.dla.mil |date= |accessdate=2022-08-28}}</ref> The replacement of the BDU and DCU by the MCCUU was completed on 1 October 2004, a year ahead of the original requirement date set in 2001 of 1 October 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pstripes.com/01/feb01/ed022401e.html |title=Marines' followed Canadians' example in use of digitally-designed 'cammies' |last=Jontz |first=Sandra |work=Stars and Stripes |date=24 February 2001 |access-date=6 June 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606130101/http://www.pstripes.com/01/feb01/ed022401e.html |archive-date=6 June 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/marine_corps_cu_uniform.htm |title=Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform |first=John |last=Pike |website=www.globalsecurity.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413190514/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/marine_corps_cu_uniform.htm |archive-date=13 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmc.mil/maradmins/maradmin2000.nsf/0872a7ac9a4c08a6852569b9000bc3f1/54d1925fde54478885256f170027f0b0?OpenDocument |author=Commandant of the United States Marine Corps |publisher=United States Marine Corps |date=22 September 2004 |title=Maradmin 412/04: Mandatory Possession Dates for the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniforms (Mccuu) And Marine Corps Combat Boots (Mccb) |access-date=29 September 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040929112751/http://www.usmc.mil/maradmins/maradmin2000.nsf/0872a7ac9a4c08a6852569b9000bc3f1/54d1925fde54478885256f170027f0b0?OpenDocument |archive-date=29 September 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.pstripes.osd.mil/01/jul01/ed070301c.html |title=Officials went to the source to ensure new Marine uniform pleased troops |last=Oliva |first=Mark |work=Stars and Stripes |date=3 July 2001 |access-date=7 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010725223449/http://ww2.pstripes.osd.mil/01/jul01/ed070301c.html |archive-date=25 July 2001 }}</ref>
	 
The MARPAT uniform was officially fielded as standard issue to the officer candidates of OCC-181 at MCB Quantico and the recruits of 3rd BN Mike Company at MCRD San Diego in late 2002;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61DqDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1996-IA17|page=1,996|title=Parris Island: "The Cradle of the Corps": A History of the United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina, 1962-2015|first1=Eugene|last1=Alvarez|first2=Leo|last2=Daugherty|date=21 May 2016|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=9781514455333}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}It continues to be the USMC's standard issue uniform pattern to date.
 
In all, the MARPAT development process from concept to completion took 18 months, the fastest time for a U.S. military-developed camouflage pattern to be produced.<ref>{{Cite episode|title=Camouflage|series=Modern Marvels|series-link=Modern Marvels|network=The History Channel|airdate=18 June 2002|season=8|number=23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gIFG5XKFow|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424132035/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gIFG5XKFow|archive-date=24 April 2018}}</ref>

==Design and colors==
Different ratios and variations of colors were tested before final candidate patterns were actually printed to textile for field trials. A modified version of Vietnam War–era [[tigerstripe|tiger stripe]] also made it to final trials but was eliminated due to MARPAT being superior in all environments. The purpose of the digitized pattern is to create visual "noise" and prevent the eye from identifying any visual templates. Thus, the pattern is intended to not register as any particular shape or pattern that could be distinguished.<ref>Kenneth G. Henley, [https://www.militarymorons.com/misc/camo.html "MARPAT - A Personal Tale - From one of the designers of the Marine Pattern camouflage"], ''MilitaryMorons'', Sept 2003</ref>

There were initially three MARPAT patterns tested: Woodland, Desert, and Urban. While keeping the rights for Urban, only the Woodland and Desert patterns were adopted by the Marine Corps for general issue, replacing the [[U.S. Woodland]] pattern and the [[Desert Camouflage Uniform|U.S. Three-Color Desert pattern]]. Webbing and equipment worn with MARPAT Woodland and MARPAT Desert is produced in Coyote Brown, a mid-tone color common to both the woodland and desert patterns. Although a digital snow pattern has also been adopted on cold-weather training over-garments, this uses a different pattern from the Canadian company Hyperstealth.<ref name="auto"/>

Authentic MARPAT material is distinguishable by a miniature "[[Eagle, Globe, and Anchor]]" emblem incorporated into the pattern above the letters "USMC", in both the woodland and desert patterns.<ref name="Magna">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060630184420/http://www.magnafabrics.com/images/invprints/836.jpg Eagle, Globe and Anchor] example, Magna Fabrics.</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="145px">
File:3MCCUU.jpg|The three tested MARPAT patterns: Desert, Urban, and Woodland pattern
File:MARPAT MCCUU Prototypes Removable Sleeves.png|Two U.S. Marines test out early prototypes of the MCCUU in 2001. The two prototypes feature removable sleeves, a feature that was later abandoned on the finished production version. The uniform on the left features an early version of woodland MARPAT.
File:USMC M249 SAW PIP.jpg|[[Woodland]] variant of MARPAT
File:TANKSaimingin2041102.jpg|[[Desert]] variant of MARPAT
File:Scout sniper snow MARPAT.jpg|U.S. Marines wearing [[Snow camouflage|snow-patterned]] MARPAT overgarments at the [[Mountain Warfare Training Center]]
</gallery>

==Similar designs==
[[File:BSRF Marines extend welcome to Canadian Air Force 160329-M-PJ201-017.jpg|thumb|A Canadian airman in [[CADPAT]] (left); a U.S. marine dressed in MARPAT]]
MARPAT is aesthetically similar to [[Canadian Forces]] [[CADPAT]], which was first developed in the 1990s.<ref name="S&S CADPAT">{{cite web |url=http://www.stripes.com/01/feb01/ed022401e.html|title=Marines' followed Canadians' example in use of digitally-designed 'cammies' |last=Jontz |first=Sandra |date=24 February 2001 |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |access-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227060337/http://www.stripes.com/01/feb01/ed022401e.html |archive-date=27 December 2007}}</ref>

The [[United States Army]] used the same shapes in designing its [[Universal Camouflage Pattern]], which uses a much paler three-color scheme of sage green, grey and sand for use on the [[Army Combat Uniform]]. After major questions about its effectiveness arose, the Army adopted the "Scorpion W2" [[Operational Camouflage Pattern]] in 2015, which was fully phased in by 2019.

The [[United States Air Force]] designed its own [[Airman Battle Uniform]] (ABU) using a standard tiger stripe pattern and slight variation on the color scheme of ACU. It was also phased out by the OCP uniform by 2021.
[[File:100419M3599F027.JPG|thumb |[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]] wearing Desert MARPAT (left) and an Iraqi Policeman wearing the since-discontinued [[Navy Working Uniform]] Type I (right)]]
The [[United States Navy]] announced approval for a digital "BDU-style" work uniform in late 2008. The [[NAVPAT|Navy Working Uniform]] (NWU) was chosen by surveyed sailors for consistency and longer life, while the blue-grey-black Type I pattern was designed for aesthetic purposes rather than camouflage to disguise them at sea. In January 2010, the Navy began considering new Navy Working Uniform patterns modified from MARPAT, with a Type II desert pattern and Type III woodland pattern. The Woodland pattern was actually an earlier coloration of the MARPAT scheme, not adopted following USMC trials.<ref name="NWU announce">{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50454|title=Two New Navy Working Uniforms Announced|date=8 January 2010|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=6 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623204520/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50454|archive-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> These patterns are overall darker than their respective MARPAT equivalents, modified with different color shades.<ref name="MCT NWU">{{cite web|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/01/marine_uniform_011810w/|title=Your thoughts: Navy may try Corps-like camo|last=McCullough|first=Amy|date=20 January 2010|work=Marine Corps Times|access-date=6 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612101510/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/01/marine_uniform_011810w/|archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> They were introduced because the blue and grey Type I pattern was not meant for a tactical environment (the Battle Dress Uniform in [[M81 woodland]] and [[Desert Camouflage Uniform]] were still used for this purpose until the Type II and III patterns were introduced).<ref name="NWU FAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=16603|title=Navy Working Uniform (NWU) Concepts Frequently Asked Questions|date=13 January 2005|work=Task Force Uniform Public Affairs|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=6 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629211826/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=16603|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> Backlash from Marines, including an objection from former [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant]] [[James T. Conway|Conway]], led to restrictions when NAVADMIN 374/09 was released:<ref name="CDR Salamander">{{cite web|url=http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2010/01/nwu-unending-nightmare.html|title=NAVADMIN 374/09: Navy Working Uniform Type II and III|date=4 January 2010|work=[[Chief of Naval Operations]]|publisher=CDR Salamander|access-date=6 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724011157/http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2010/01/nwu-unending-nightmare.html|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> Type II pattern is restricted to [[United States Naval Special Warfare Command|Naval Special Warfare]] personnel while deployed, while the NWU Type III is the standard shore working uniform for all Naval personnel effective 1 October 2019. The blue and grey Type I uniform was discontinued .<ref name="NT NWU">{{cite news|title=Sailor Outcry over Desert Camo Denial|date=22 February 2010|work=Navy Times|author=Navy Times staff|publisher=Marine Corps Times<!--access-date=6 May 2010-->}}</ref>

ARMPAT, an Armenian version of the MARPAT pattern, is currently used by the [[Armed Forces of Armenia|Armenian Armed Forces]], and the [[Artsakh Defence Army|Artsakh Defense Army]]. It has the same design as the MARPAT, but with different color sets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia - Camopedia|url=https://www.camopedia.org/index.php?title=Armenia|access-date=2021-02-07|website=www.camopedia.org}}{{better source needed|date=May 2022}}</ref>

==Users==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
<!--READ FIRST: This section is only for countries/groups that have been documented to wear MARPAT only.-->

* {{flag|Argentina}}: Temperate and desert versions used by Argentine Naval Infantry and some special forces units including the [[Special Operations Forces Grouping (Argentina)|SOFG]] and the [[Amphibious Commandos Group]].{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=127}}
* {{flag|Bahamas}}: Used by RBDF soldiers.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=129}}
* {{flag|Bolivia}}: Temperate and desert versions used by some Bolivian Army and police units from 2013.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=132}}
* {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kamouflage.net/camouflage/00028.php |title=Kamouflage.net — Woodland MARPAT |website=www.kamouflage.net |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319150236/http://www.kamouflage.net/camouflage/00028.php |archive-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Brazil}}: Used by [[Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais|BOPE]] in woodland operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/brasil/rj/bope-troca-a-mistica-farda-preta-por-camuflada-em-operacoes-diur/n1597570298890.html|title=Bope troca a mística farda preta por camuflada em operações diurnas - Rio de Janeiro - iG|first=Raphael Gomide, iG Rio de|last=Janeiro|date=13 January 2012|website=ig.com.br|access-date=24 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927011050/http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/brasil/rj/bope-troca-a-mistica-farda-preta-por-camuflada-em-operacoes-diur/n1597570298890.html|archive-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>
* {{flag|Chad}}: MARPAT clones (Temperate/woodland versions) used by Chadian troops.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=18}}
* {{flag|Chile}}: MARPAT clones in limited use by the [[Chilean Army]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://camopedia.org/index.php?title=Chile|title=Chile - Camopedia|website=camopedia.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606103209/http://camopedia.org/index.php?title=Chile|archive-date=6 June 2017}}{{better source needed|date=March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ejercito.cl/prensa/visor/sargento-mayor-en-retiro-del-ejercito-de-los-estados-unidos-se-reune-con-soldados-conscriptos-de-3ra-brigada-acorazada-la-concepcion|title=Prensa y Multimedia - Ejército de Chile}}</ref> Replaced by [[MultiCam]] as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ejercito.cl/prensa/visor/gran-parada-militar-2022?newLang=en|title=Prensa y Multimedia - Ejército de Chile}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cyprus}}: Woodland clones used by Cypriot special forces.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=219}}
* {{flag|Ecuador}}: Ecuador adopted a pattern features black, green & khaki shapes on a brown background in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ecuador - Camopedia |url=https://www.camopedia.org/index.php/Ecuador |website=www.camopedia.org |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Georgia}}: Was the standard issue camouflage of the Georgian military from 2007 to 2014 with temperate and desert versions used,{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=221}} used on US-made uniforms, when it was replaced by [[MultiCam]]. Still in limited use by Georgian Police and paramilitaries as of 2017.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=221}}
* {{flag|Haiti}}: Used by [[Armed Forces of Haiti]] and some specialized units in the [[Haitian National Police]] (USGPN, UDMO).<ref>{{cite web |title=Haiti - Camopedia |url=https://www.camopedia.org/index.php/Haiti |website=www.camopedia.org |access-date=13 May 2023}}{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|India}}: Used by [[Garud Commando Force]] and [[Para (Special Forces)|Para SF]] in jungle operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://defencelover.in/camouflage-uniform-para-sf-marcos-garud-commandos/|title=What are the Camouflage Uniforms of Para SF, MARCOS, and Garud Commandos?|access-date=6 October 2019|archive-date=6 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006135821/https://defencelover.in/camouflage-uniform-para-sf-marcos-garud-commandos/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Hungary}}: Desert variant used by the Hungarian Prison Service
* {{flag|Iran}}: Temperate MARPAT clones used by IRGC Sepah forces.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=243}}
* {{flag|Lebanon}}: Woodland MARPAT worn by [[Lebanese Commando Regiment|Commando Regiment]] and desert MARPAT worn by Airborne Regiment.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
* {{Flag|Mongolia}}: Clones of MARPAT used by the [[084th Special Task Battalion]].{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=280}}
* {{flag|Myanmar}}: Used by some [[People's Defence Force (Myanmar)|PDF]] units as of 2022.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* {{flag|North Macedonia}}: Used by Special Task Unit "Tiger".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Jedinica-za-specijalne-zadatke-Tigrovi-Republike-Makedonije-English.html#sthash.4ZljdZ0l.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com {{!}} Special Task Unit "Tiger" of the Republic Macedonia |website=specijalne-jedinice.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916170123/http://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Jedinica-za-specijalne-zadatke-Tigrovi-Republike-Makedonije-English.html |archive-date=2016-09-16}}</ref> Used by officers of the [[Special Support Unit]].{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=409}}
* {{flag|Saint Lucia}}: MARPAT clone used by Royal Saint Lucia Police Force units.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=177}}
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: Clones of the desert MARPAT seen with Saudi troops.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=308}} Used by Al-Afwaj Regiment, [[Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pictame.com/user/wikalat_alafwaj/4094746993/1521973454844018256_4094746993 |title=&#124; وكالة الافواج الأمنية &#124; (@wikalat_alafwaj) &#124; Instagram Influencer Profile - photos, videos, highlights and stories analysis |access-date=2018-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064055/http://www.pictame.com/user/wikalat_alafwaj/4094746993/1521973454844018256_4094746993 |archive-date=3 February 2018 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=July 2018|the articles do not specifically that they use the MARPAT pattern}}
* {{flag|Serbia}}: Clones of MARPAT seen in use by the Serbian Gendarmerie.
* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Used by some divisions of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] from special forces to airborne units.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=461}}
* {{flag|United States}}

===Non-state actors===
* {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=}} [[People's Protection Units]]<ref>{{cite web|date=December 30, 2019|title=Kalashnikov Stitched Up: Wrapping the AK Platform in Rojava|url=https://silahreport.com/2019/12/30/kalashnikov-stitched-up-wrapping-the-ak-platform-in-rojava/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226042752/https://silahreport.com/2019/12/30/kalashnikov-stitched-up-wrapping-the-ak-platform-in-rojava/|archive-date=26 February 2021|access-date=April 21, 2021|website=Silah Report}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
MARPAT desert camouflage swatch, 24.55".jpg|A {{convert|24.66|in|mm}}-wide fabric swatch of MARPAT desert pattern
File:1stMarineDivision ChangeofCommand May2007.JPG|Two generals wearing woodland MARPAT at a ceremony
File:IR NavPat vs Marpat.JPG|Near-infrared (low light night vision device) comparison of a [[Uniforms of the United States Navy#Navy Working Uniform|Navy Working Uniform]] blouse to MARPAT trousers
File:MARPAT comparison.PNG|MARPAT compared to NWU Type II and Type III prototypes
File:Air Marshal Fahad Al-Amir speaks to a group of US Marines.jpg|[[Air Marshal]] Fahad Al-Amir, the Chief of Staff of the [[Military of Kuwait|Kuwaiti Armed Forces]], speaks to Marines of the [[26th Marine Expeditionary Unit]] wearing a camouflage similar to MARPAT
File:CARAT 2009 Singapore Guardsmen and U.S. Marines.jpg|Camouflage comparison between a [[Singapore Guards|Singaporean guardsman]] and a U.S. Marine.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Larson |first1=Eric H. |title=Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017 |date=2021 |publisher=Pen & Sword |location=Barnsley |isbn=9781526739537}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/index.html |title=Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform |author=United States Marine Corps Uniform Board |publisher=United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command |date=September 2001 |access-date=19 September 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010919221113/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/index.html |archive-date=19 September 2001 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/CammieConsid.htm |title=Combat Utility Uniform Camouflage Considerations |author=United States Marine Corps Uniform Board |publisher=United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command |date=September 2001 |access-date=20 September 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010920015716/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/CammieConsid.htm |archive-date=20 September 2001 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/UtesConcept.htm |title=Combat Utility Uniform - Conceptual Background |author=United States Marine Corps Uniform Board |publisher=United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command |date=September 2001 |access-date=19 September 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010919231950/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/mcub/utility/background/UtesConcept.htm |archive-date=19 September 2001 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060418062725/http://www.civiliangunner.com/MARPAT/index.htm Photos of USMC-issued MARPAT]
* [http://www.militarymorons.com/misc/camo.html Notes from the original designer of MARPAT]

{{US Marine Corps navbox}}
{{Camouflage}}

[[Category:2001 in military history]]
[[Category:United States military uniforms]]
[[Category:Camouflage patterns]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2001]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps equipment]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]