Editing Ma Zhiyuan

{{Short description|Chinese poet and  playwright (c.1250–1321)}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Ma (surname)|Ma]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Chinese|t=馬致遠|s=马致远|p=Mǎ Zhìyuǎn}}
[[File:Statue of Ma Zhiyuan, Former Residence of Ma Zhiyuan.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Statue of Ma Zhiyuan in the Former Residence of Ma Zhiyuan in Beijing.]]
'''Ma Zhiyuan''' ({{zh|t=馬致遠|s=马致远|first=t}}, {{circa}} 1250–1321), [[courtesy name]] '''Dongli''' ({{zh|t=東籬|s=东篱|first=t}}), Chinese dramatist, playwright, and poet during the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref name="CiHai">Cihai: Page 1132-1133.</ref>

Among his achievements is the development and popularizing of the ''[[sanqu]]'' ({{lang|zh|散曲}}) lyric type of [[Classical Chinese poetry forms]]. The poem "Autumn Thoughts" ({{lang|zh|秋思}}) is the most widely known of his sanqu poems.<ref name="CiHai"/> 

His sanqu poems were collected in the book "'''Dongli Yuefu'''" ({{zh|t=東籬樂府|s=东篱乐府|l=The Eastern Fence Poetry|c=|first=t}}), where there were 104 single ''sanqu'' (Xiaoling 小令) and 17 song suites (Taoshu 套數). 

==Works==
===Poems===
Ma Zhiyuan's ''sanqu'' poem "Autumn Thoughts" ({{lang|zh|秋思}}), composed to the metric pattern Tianjingsha ({{lang|zh|天淨沙}}), uses ten images in twenty-two monosyllables to preamble a state of emotion, and is considered as the penultimate{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} piece in Chinese poetry to convey the typical Chinese male literati's melancholy during late autumn:

:{{lang|zh|《秋思》}} ''Autumn Thoughts''
:{{lang|zh|枯藤老樹昏鴉。}} Over old trees wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;
:{{lang|zh|小橋流水人家。}} Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;
:{{lang|zh|古道西風瘦馬。}} On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.
:{{lang|zh|夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。}} Westward declines the sun; Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.

===Plays===
Only seven of his 15 plays are extant, of which four have been translated into English:<ref name="CiHai"/> 
* ''Autumn in Han Palace'', {{lang|zh|漢宮秋}} (Full title: ''Breaking a Troubling Dream: A Lone Goose in Autumn over the Palaces of Han'', {{lang|zh|破幽夢孤雁漢宮秋}}). This play tells the story of Han Emperor [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuandi]] and [[Wang Zhaojun]], and is considered the best example of Yuan theatre.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chinese Theatre |first= Jin |last=Fu |date= 2012 |isbn=9780521186667|publisher=Cambridge University Press |author-link=Fu Jin|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_A3t61VgNXkC&pg=PA31 |pages=31–32}}</ref>
* [[Lü Dongbin#Yellow Millet Dream|''The Yellow-Millet Dream'']], {{lang|zh|黃粱夢}} (Full title: ''On the Road to Handan, Awakening from a Dream Dreamt While Cooking Millet'', {{lang|zh|邯鄲道省悟黃粱夢}})
* ''[[Yueyang Tower]]'', {{lang|zh|岳陽樓}} (Full title: ''Lü Dongbin Gets Drunk Three Times in Yueyang Tower'', {{lang|zh|呂洞賓三醉岳陽樓}})
* ''Tears on the Blue Gown'', {{lang|zh|青衫淚}} (Full title: ''The Overseer of Jiangzhou: Tears on the Blue Gown'', {{lang|zh|江州司馬青衫淚}})
* {{lang|zh|任風子}} (Full title: {{lang|zh|馬丹陽三度任風子}})
* {{lang|zh|薦福碑}} (Full title: {{lang|zh|半夜雷轟薦福碑}})
* {{lang|zh|陳搏高臥}} (Full title: {{lang|zh|西華山陳搏高臥}})

==See also==
*[[Chinese Sanqu poetry]]
*[[Qu (poetry)]]
*[[Zaju]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* ''Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui'' ({{lang|zh|辞海编辑委员会}}. Ci hai ({{lang|zh|辞海}}). Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she ({{lang|zh|上海辞书出版社}}), 1979.

==External links==
* {{Librivox author |id=8431}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ma, Zhiyuan}}
[[Category:13th-century births]]
[[Category:1330 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Chinese dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:14th-century Chinese dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Poets from Beijing]]
[[Category:Yuan dynasty dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Yuan dynasty poets]]

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