Editing Macabeo

{{Short description|White variety of wine grape}}
{{redirect|Macaban|another Spanish wine grape known as Macaban|Merseguera}}
{{redirect|Lardot|another wine grape known as Lardot|Chasselas}}
{{redirect|Forcalla|the red Spanish wine grape that shares this and other synonyms with Macabeo|Forcallat tinta}}
{{redirect|Alcanon|the anti-[[alcoholism]] organization|Alcoholics Anonymous}}

{{Infobox grape variety
| name          = Macabeo
| color         = Blanc
| color_alt     = White
| image         = Maccabeo blanc.jpg
| caption       = Macabeo in Viala & Vermorel
| species       = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]''
| also_called   = Viura, Macabeu and [[#Synonyms|other synonyms]]
| origin        = [[Spain]]
| pedigree1     = [[Hebén]]
| pedigree2     = [[Brustiano faux]]
| hazards       = <!-- Viticultural hazards     -->
| regions       = [[Rioja wine|Rioja]], [[Catalonia]]
| notable_wines = [[Cava (Spanish wine)|Cava]], white [[Rioja wine|Rioja]]
| wines        = [[Crowd Wine Penedès]]
}}

'''Macabeo''', also called '''Viura''' or '''Macabeu''' ({{IPA|ca|məkəˈβew|lang}}, {{IPA|fr|makabø|lang}}), is a white variety of [[wine]] [[grape]].

It is widely grown in the [[La Rioja (Spain)|Rioja]] region of northeastern [[Spain]], the [[Cava (Spanish wine)|Cava]] producing areas south of [[Barcelona]], and the [[Languedoc-Roussillon]] region of [[France]]. Spanish plantations stood at nearly {{convert|45000|ha}} in 2015, making it the second most grown white grape variety in Spain. In France, plantations accounted for {{convert|2800|ha}} in 2007.<ref>[http://www.onivins.fr/pdfs/457.pdf Viniflhor stats 2008: ''Les cepages blanc dans le vignoble'']  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301190107/http://www.onivins.fr/pdfs/457.pdf |date=2012-03-01 }}</ref>
Since 2009, some Macabeo is grown in Israel.{{cn|date=April 2021}}

==Styles and winemaking==
[[File:White Rioja.jpg|left|thumb|A white Rioja made mostly from the Viura grape.]]
The grape is mostly used to make mildly acidic and young white wines mostly suitable for early consumption or blending with other [[List of grape varieties|varieties]], both red and white. 
Some of the most pleasurable examples of the variety are planted along the Pyrenees, where it is used to produce highly saline and textural white wine. 

It is often the main grape of white Rioja and is sometimes blended in small amounts with [[Tempranillo]] and red [[Garnacha (grape)|Garnacha]], both in unoaked and oaked versions. It was introduced in Rioja after the [[phylloxera epidemic]], where it largely replaced [[Malvasia]] and [[Garnacha blanca]], partially because of the ability of its wines to better withstand oxidation.<ref name="OCW"/>  Some producers of white Rioja make superior wines (Reserva and Gran Reserva) subjected to extended ageing that can span decades, resulting in a highly distinctive and aromatic wine.

Macabeo (or Macabeu, as it is known in Catalan) is traditionally blended with [[Xarel·lo]] and [[Parellada]] to make [[Cava (Spanish wine)|cava]], the best-known sparkling [[Spanish wine|wine of Spain]], and it is also used on its own in varietal wines. It is also used in the base spirit used to create [[Obsello Absinthe]].

In [[Roussillon]], late-picked Macabeo is also used in [[fortified wine]] (''[[vin doux naturel]]''). As well as on its own as exceptional young white wine<ref name="OCW">{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Jancis Robinson |editor-link=Jancis Robinson |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Companion to Wine]] |edition=Third |title=Macabeo |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-860990-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc/page/414 414] |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc/page/414 }}</ref>

== Synonyms ==
Macabeo is also known by the following synonyms:<ref name=VIVC>{{cite web |url=http://www.vivc.de/index.php?r=passport%2Fview&id=13127 |title=VIURA |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 2017 |website=Vitis International Variety Catalogue VIVC |publisher=Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding - Geilweilerhof (ZR) |access-date=2017-09-28}}</ref> Alcañol, Alcañón, Blanca de Daroca, Charas blanc, Forcalla, Gredelín, Lardot, Listan Andaludschii, Listan Andaluzskii, Lloza, Macaban, Macabeu, Maccabeo, Maccabeou, Maccabeu, Makkobeo, Malvoisie, Provensal, Queue de Renard, Rossan, Subirat, Tokay, Viura. Some of these synonyms are also proper names of other grape varieties.

== References ==
{{portal|Wine}}
{{Reflist}}
{{wines}}

[[Category:Spanish wine]]
[[Category:Grape varieties of Spain]]
[[Category:White wine grape varieties]]