Editing Magirus

{{Short description|German truck manufacturer}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Magirus GmbH
| logo = Magirus (Unternehmen) logo.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as = 
| foundation = 1866 (As Magirus Kommanditist)<br>1974 (Magirus-Deutz)<br>1983 (Iveco Magirus)
| founder = [[Conrad Dietrich Magirus]]
| location = [[Ulm]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], Germany
| locations = ''Production locations:''<br><small>Germany:</small> [[Ulm]]<br><small>Austria:</small> [[Graz]]<br><small>France:</small> [[Chambéry]]<br><small>Italy:</small> [[Brescia]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| defunct = 1936 (As Magirus Kommanditist)
| key_people = {{ubl
|Gerrit Marx ([[chairman of the board|COB]])
|Marc Diening ([[Managing Director|MD]])
}}
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Truck]]s
| services = 
| revenue = 
| operating_income = {{decrease}} €1.042 billion <small>(2009)</small>
| net_income = 
| assets = 
| equity = 
| num_employees = 2,100 <small>(2009)</small>
| parent = [[Iveco]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.magirusgroup.com}}
| footnotes = 
}}
[[File:Iveco Feuerwehrfahrzeug, Füssen.webm|thumb|thumbtime=9|Magirus fire engine in Germany]]
'''Magirus GmbH'''<ref name="top500.welt.de">{{cite web |url=http://top500.welt.de/detail/10679/ |title=Die wichtigsten Unternehmen des Jahres 2009 - Welt Online |publisher=Top500.welt.de |date=2011-07-05 |access-date=2012-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324070447/http://top500.welt.de/detail/10679/ |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a truck manufacturer based in [[Ulm]], Germany, founded by [[Conrad Dietrich Magirus]] (1824–1895). It was formerly known as Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG, maker of the [[Deutz AG|Deutz]] engines, so the brand commonly used was Magirus Deutz, and for a short time Klöckner. Most trucks from Magirus were also known as Magirus-Deutz. The logo of Magirus Deutz was a stylised M with a sharp, long centre point to represent the spire of [[Ulm Minster]]. 

Magirus is one of the largest manufacturers of fire fighting equipment. Its fire trucks are primarily based upon chassis and engines from [[Iveco]], but occasionally also uses platforms from other truck manufacturers. Magirus is an Iveco Group brand.

== History ==
The company began manufacturing fire-fighting vehicles in 1866. In the late 1910s, it started the production of [[truck]]s and [[bus]]es. These vehicles developed a reputation for high engineering standards, able to operate under the most arduous conditions. The company also invented the [[turntable ladder]], as ''Magirus Leiter'', which quickly became an essential item of [[fire brigade]] equipment worldwide.

Magirus had some involvement in [[World War II]] supplying vehicles for the [[Wehrmacht]] Magirus supplied ladders for mobile [[V-2 rocket]] launch sites. The factory used [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labourers]], mostly from the Netherlands and Soviet Union, since 1942, and in 1945, also hosted a forced labour subcamp of the [[Dachau concentration camp]], which held Italians, Poles, Czechs, Ukrainians and one German.<ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=554|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref>

In 1975, Magirus became part of [[Iveco]], which continued producing some Magirus trucks for a short while under the name "Iveco Magirus" before abandoning it completely in most countries. KHD's collaboration with [[Fiat S.p.A.|Fiat]] ended abruptly and less than harmoniously in 1979, leaving Fiat as owner of the Magirus-Deutz brand.<ref name="Truck9.82">{{ cite journal | journal = TRUCK | date = September 1982 | ref = truck982 | page = 21 | editor-last = Kennett | editor-first = Pat | title = Intertruck: Germany | last = Kacher | first = Georg | location = London, UK | publisher = FF Publishing Ltd }}</ref> However, Iveco trucks were sold under the Magirus brand in Germany and other European and Middle Eastern markets until the end of the 1980s.

Today, the Magirus brand is only used for the company's firefighting equipment section, not for the whole fleet of manufactured trucks.

===Airship ladders===
Though seldom seen today, the Magirus company produced almost all of the early, movable ladders used in the construction of large, [[rigid airship]]s in Germany and the United States. The multi-extension, wooden ladders were mounted on massively constructed, wooden carriage frames with a  fifth wheel-style, forward axle assembly. Although it appeared to be designed for horses, the ladders could be easily moved by two men. The carriage was equipped with four, hand screw-type "outriggers" that would resist the ladder from tipping. The ladder did not swivel on the carriage. It was elevated and extended only towards the front of the carriage. In the "working" position, the ladder had to be elevated to about an 80° angle to allow full extension to {{Convert|85|ft|m}}. (The maximum extended length of the largest wooden Magirus ladder is unknown, but the ones used during the erection of the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation's USS ''Akron'' and USS ''Macon'' reached to {{Convert|85|ft|m}}.)

They can be seen, commonly, in early photographs of airships under construction in the 1920s and 1930s.

===In the Soviet Union===
In 1974, the firm was awarded a contract (called the Delta Project) for delivery in 1975–1976 of about 9,500 dumper and flatbed trucks (Magirus М232 D19 and M290 D26) to the [[Soviet Union]] to work on the construction of the [[Baikal–Amur Mainline]] (BAM).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.magirus-deutz.ch/geschichte_t5.html |title=MAGIRUS DEUTZ - die Geschichte 5. Teil |access-date=2014-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728123322/http://www.magirus-deutz.ch/geschichte_t5.html |archive-date=2014-07-28 }} see 1974- das "Delta-Projekt" (deutsch)</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://mirtransporta.ru/fun/747-magirus-neprostaya-istoriya.html |title=Magirus — непростая история |language=ru |date=June 25, 2012|access-date=2019-07-30}}</ref> This order was the largest in the company's history. These models were export-only options KHD products that were not offered on the domestic market in Germany. By January 1, 1975, for the first batch of Magirus trucks for BAM construction was ready to be sent to the Soviet Union. Many of these trucks are still in service today. Largely because of this single order, in 1975, export products accounted for 70% of total production by Magirus-Deutz, and the firm took the second place among the German truck manufacturers.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

In 1982, Magirus-Deutz erstwhile owners KHD sold the licensing rights for Soviet production of up to 25,000 Series 413 diesel engines. These were meant to be installed in heavy USSR trucks and other vehicles.<ref name="Truck9.82"/>

==Products==

===Current products===
* Iveco Magirus Eurocargo
* [[Iveco Stralis|Iveco Magirus Stralis]]
* Iveco Magirus [[Iveco Trakker|Trakker]]
* [[Iveco Magirus Dragon]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image: Magirus 1 C (1922-1928).jpg| Magirus 1 C (1922-1928)
Image:Magirus Bayern 1923 02.jpg|Magirus Fire Engine Model "Bayern" 1923
File:Fire engine - Magirus - 1926.jpg|Horse drawn fire engine, 1926
Image:Magirus Fire Engine 1961 2.jpg|Magirus Fire Engine 1961
File:Magirus-Deutz 232 in Kasachstan.jpg|Magirus in Kokchetav (now [[Kokshetau]]), Kazakh SSR
File:Magirus Deutz Muni front.jpg|[[Magirus-Deutz Muni]] from 1957
Image:TLF16-25.JPG|Iveco Magirus fire engine
Image:TCFD 771BG Magirus TurntableLadders.jpg|Volvo Magirus fire engine
Image:Hino-Magirus.jpg| Japanese Fire Service [[Hino Motors]] Magirus fire engine
File:2june2006 343.jpg|[[Italian Fire Service]] vehicles with an [[Astra SpA|Astra]] crane on the left and a Magirus turntable ladder on the right, Army Parade in Rome, 2 June 2006.
Image:Chelmno Gas Van.jpg|Magirus-Deutz truck.
Image:Macon construction.jpg|Magirus ladder on floor at front of USS Macon
Image:Rigid airship construction with Magirus ladders.jpeg|Several Magirus ladders in use on the construction of a rigid airship.  (Notice men at the very top of several ladders.)
Image:Vatican Fire engine 20141005 114427 (cropped).jpg|An ''Iveco Magirus Daily 65C15'' van of the [[Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State|Vatican fire brigade]].
Image:WIKINEWS 2010 3 03 005.JPG|A retired Iveco 140-25 turntable ladder from [[Hong Kong Fire Services Department]]
</gallery>

==Timeline==
*'''1864''' -  Founded by Conrad Dietrich Magirus
*'''1872''' -  1872 2-wheel hand ladder climbable when free-standing, model »Ulmer Ladder«
*'''1892''' -  First horse-pulled rotating ladder 25 m
*'''1904''' -  First steam powered self-propelled “fire engine”
*'''1916''' -  First fully automatic drive turn table ladder in the world
*'''1917''' -  Production of Magirus motor vehicles
*'''1931''' -  First turn table ladder with steel ladder set
*'''1936''' -  Fusion with Humboldt-Deutz Motorenfabrik
*'''1951''' -  Made the highest turntable ladder in the world 52 m
*'''1953''' -  First turntable ladder with hydraulic drive
*'''1965''' -  First forward control truck chassis
*'''1971''' -  First rescue vehicle RW-rail for subway and local railway operation
*'''1972''' -  First large airport crash tender
*'''1980''' -  First turntable ladder »low-design«
*'''1986''' -  First computer controlled turntable ladder
*'''1987''' -  Take over of previous Bachert production plant in Weisweil, Germany
*'''1992''' -  Iveco Mezzi Speciali, Brescia, Italy
*'''1994''' -  First articulated ladder DLK 23-12 GL CC
*'''1996''' -  Production start of light pumper vehicles in Görlitz/Germany
*'''1997''' -  Lohr-Magirus in Graz/Austria
*'''2000''' -  First oscillation-free turntable ladder (Computer Stabilized)
*'''2005''' -  „Firework of Novelties“ at the Interschutz in Hannover
*'''2007''' -  New modular bodywork generation AluFire 3
*'''2010''' -  Presentation of the models M 32 L-AT, M 33 P, SuperDragon 2, MultiStar2 at the Interschutz in Leipzig
*'''2015''' -  World's highest turntable ladder, 68 meters

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany|Companies}}
*[[Fiat|Fiat S.p.A.]]
*[[Iveco Bus]]
*[[Iveco|Iveco S.p.A.]]
*[[Fiat Industrial|Fiat Industrial S.p.A.]]
*[[Magirus Mercur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Magirus vehicles}}
* {{Official website|https://www.magirusgroup.com}}

{{Iveco}}
{{Automotive industry in Germany}}

[[Category:Iveco]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of Germany]]
[[Category:Companies based in Ulm]]
[[Category:Fire service vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:German brands]]