Editing Magnolia sieboldii

{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
 | name = Siebold's magnolia 
 | image = 20120522 CamelliaPath OyamaMagnolia Cutler P1240017 (7312701108).jpg
 | image_caption = 
 | status = LC
 | status_system = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author= Khela, S. |date=2014 |title= ''Magnolia sieboldii'' |volume=2014 |page= e.T194003A2293976 |doi= 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T194003A2293976.en |access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref>
 | genus = Magnolia
 | display_parents = 3
 | parent = Magnolia subsect. Oyama
 | species = sieboldii
 | authority = [[Karl Koch (botanist)|K.Koch]]
 | synonyms = 
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Magnolia oyama'' <small>Kort</small>
*''Magnolia parviflora'' <small>Siebold & Zucc.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Magnolia sinensis'' <small>(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Stapf</small>
*''Magnolia verecunda'' <small>Koidz.</small>
*''Oyama sieboldii'' <small>(K.Koch) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu</small>
*''Oyama sinensis'' <small>(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu</small>
    }}
 | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Magnolia+sieboldii
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=28 January 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''''Magnolia sieboldii''''', or '''Siebold's magnolia''', also known as '''Korean mountain magnolia'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=532|access-date=24 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref> and '''Oyama magnolia''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnolia sieboldii (Oyama Magnolia) {{!}} North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/magnolia-sieboldii/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu}}</ref> is a species of ''[[Magnolia]]'' native to east [[Asia]] in [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]]. It is named after the [[Germany|German]] doctor [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] (1796–1866).

==Description==
''Magnolia sieboldii'' is a large [[deciduous]] shrub or small tree {{convert|5|–|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. The stalks, young leaves, young twigs and young buds are downy. The leaves are elliptical to ovate-oblong, 9–16&nbsp;cm (rarely 25&nbsp;cm) long and 4–10&nbsp;cm (rarely 12&nbsp;cm) broad, with a 1.5-4.5&nbsp;cm [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]].

The flowers, unlike the spring flowering magnolias, open primarily in the early summer, but continue intermittently until late summer. They are pendulous, cup-shaped, 7–10&nbsp;cm diameter, and have 6-12 [[tepal]]s, the outer three smaller, the rest larger, and pure white; the [[carpel]]s are greenish and the [[stamen]]s reddish-purple or greenish-white.

===Subspecies===
There are three [[subspecies]]:
*''Magnolia sieboldii'' subsp. ''japonica''. Japan. Low shrub; flowers with 6 tepals and greenish-white stamens.
*''Magnolia sieboldii'' subsp. ''sieboldii''. Japan, Korea, eastern China. Tree or large shrub; flowers with 9-12 tepals and reddish-purple stamens; leaves smaller, rarely over 16&nbsp;cm.
*''Magnolia sieboldii'' subsp. ''sinensis''. Southwestern China ([[Sichuan]]); flowers as subsp. ''sieboldii''; leaves larger, commonly to 22&nbsp;cm.
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="180" heights="180">
File:Magnolia sieboldii bud.jpg|Flower bud
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower 1.jpg|Flower, male phase
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower 2.jpg|Flower
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower detail.jpg|Flower detail
File:Magnolia sieboldii (Siebold Magnolia) (35675925030).jpg|Immature fruit
File:Magnolia sieboldii fruit.jpg|Nearly mature fruit
</gallery>

==Cultivation==
''Magnolia sieboldii'' is grown as an ornamental tree in gardens. It is one of the hardiest magnolias, successful in cultivation as far north as [[Arboretum Mustila]] in [[Finland]]. The cultivar 'Colossus' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/178464/i-Magnolia-sieboldii-i-Colossus/Details?returnurl=%2fplants%2fsearch-results%3fform-mode%3dtrue%26context%3db%253d0%2526hf%253d10%2526l%253den%2526q%253dMagnolia%252bpegasus%2526s%253ddesc%252528plant_merged%252529%2526sl%253dplantForm%26query%3dMagnolia%2bcolossus%26aliaspath%3d%252fplants%252fsearch-results
|title= ''Magnolia sieboldii'' 'Colossus' AGM
| publisher=Royal Horticultural Society | date=2017 | accessdate=2017-01-27}}</ref>

Called ''mongnan'' or ''mokran'' (목란/{{lang|ko|木蘭}}), Siebold's magnolia is the national flower of [[North Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = Floral Emblems of the world | last = Lim | first = Reuben C. J. | work = anbg.gov.au | publisher = Australian National Herbarium  | date = 29 June 2013 | accessdate = 9 September 2016 | url = https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/world-emblems.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Hunt, D. (ed). (1998). ''Magnolias and their allies''. International Dendrology Society and Magnolia Society. {{ISBN|0-9517234-8-0}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070505104021/http://www.fna.org/china/mss/volume07/Magnoliaceae-CAS_coauthoring.htm Flora of China: Magnoliaceae (draft account)]

==External links==
* {{cite book |date=1992|title=Magnolia Sieboldii: Korea's National Flower|last=Hong|first=Kyong-sik|location=Pyongyang|publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]]|url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?6+6001#.pdf|oclc=52473426}}
* Friedman, William (Ned). ''"[https://arboretum.harvard.edu/stories/oyama-magnolia-in-full-bloom/ Oyama magnolia in full bloom."]'' ''Posts from the Collections'', Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, June 12, 2016. Accessed 1 October 2019.
* [https://arboretum.harvard.edu/plants/image-search/?keyword=Magnolia+sieboldii&submit=Search ''Magnolia sieboldii'' images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database.]
{{National symbols of North Korea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1378390}}

[[Category:Magnolia|sieboldii]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Trees of Japan]]
[[Category:Trees of Korea]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Korea]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Karl Koch]]