Editing Mammal classification

{{Short description|Taxonomy of mammals}}
{{Pie chart
|caption=Over 70% of mammal species are in the orders [[Rodent]]ia, [[Chiroptera]], and [[Eulipotyphla]].
|label1=[[Rodentia]] |value1=40.5 |color1=#63aafe
|label2=[[Chiroptera]] |value2=22.2 |color2=#dd2d32
|label3=[[Eulipotyphla]] |value3=8.8 |color3=#fff58c
|label4=[[Primates]] |value4=7.8 |color4=#4ee257
|label5=[[Artiodactyla]] |value5=5.4 |color5=#fea746
|label6=[[Carnivora]] |value6=4.7 |color6=#6711ff
|label7=[[Diprotodontia]] |value7=2.3 |color7=#865357
|label8=[[Didelphimorphia]] |value8=1.9 |color8=#00ccff
|label9=[[Lagomorpha]] |value9=1.7 |color9=#a2bd90
|label10=[[Dasyuromorphia]] |value10=1.3 |color10=#ccffcc
|label11=[[Afrosoricida]] |value11=0.8 |color11=#ffff99
|label12=[[Cingulata]] |value12=0.3 |color12=#ff99cc
|label13=[[Macroscelidea]] |value13=0.3 |color13=#33cccc
|label14=[[Peramelemorphia]] |value14=0.3 |color14=#cc99ff
|label15=[[Perissodactyla]] |value15=0.3 |color15=#3366ff
|label16=[[Pilosa]] |value16=0.3 |color16=#99cc00
|label17=[[Scandentia]] |value17=0.3 |color17=#ffcc99
|label18=[[Paucituberculata]] |value18=0.1
|label19=[[Pholidota]] |value19=0.1
|label20=[[Hyracoidea]] |value20=0.09 |color20=#99ccff
|label21=[[Monotremata]] |value21=0.08 |color21=#ff6600
|label22=[[Sirenia]] |value22=0.06
|label23=[[Proboscidea]] |value23=0.05 |color23=#003366
|label24=[[Dermoptera]] |value24=0.03 |color24=#ccffff
|label25=[[Notoryctemorphia]] |value26=0.03
|label26=[[Microbiotheria]] |value25=0.03
|label27=[[Tubulidentata]] |value27=0.02
}}

{{Mammals by population sidebar}}
[[Mammalia]] is a class of animal within the phylum [[Chordata]]. '''Mammal classification''' has been through several iterations since [[Carl Linnaeus]] initially defined the class. No classification system is universally accepted; McKenna & Bell (1997) and Wilson & Reader (2005) provide useful recent compendiums.<ref name=Mammalogy>{{cite book |title=Mammalogy|edition=Sixth|date=2015|last1=Vaughan|first1=Terry A.|last2=Ryan|first2=James M.|last3=Czaplewski|first3=Nicholas J.|isbn=9781284032093|chapter=Chapter 4: Classification of Mammals |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |chapter-url=http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284032093/9781284032093_CH04_Secure.pdf}}</ref> Many earlier ideas from Linnaeus et al. have been completely abandoned by modern taxonomists, among these are the idea that [[bat]]s are related to [[bird]]s or that [[human]]s represent a group outside of other living things.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marks|first1=Jonathan M.|title=Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and History|date=1995|publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=9780202366562}}</ref> Competing ideas about the relationships of mammal orders do persist and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, [[cladistics|cladistic]] thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations represent [[monophyletic]] groups. The field has also seen a recent surge in interest and modification due to the results of [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogenetics]].

[[George Gaylord Simpson]]'s classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" ([[#References|Simpson, 1945]]) [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] text laid out a [[systematics]] of [[mammal]] origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century.

Since Simpson's 1945 [[scientific classification|classification]], the [[fossil record|paleontological record]] has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of [[cladistics]]. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals. See [[List of placental mammals]] and [[List of monotremes and marsupials]] for more detailed information on mammal genera and species.

==Molecular classification of placentals==
Molecular studies by [[molecular phylogeny|molecular systematist]]s, based on [[DNA]] analysis, in the early 21st century have revealed new relationships among mammal families. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of [[placental]] mammals, [[Afrotheria]], [[Xenarthra]], and [[Boreoeutheria]]. which diverged from early common ancestors in the [[Cretaceous]].<ref name=Kriegs2006>{{cite journal|last=Kriegs|first=Jan Ole|author2=Churakov, Gennady |author3=Kiefmann, Martin |author4=Jordan, Ursula |author5=Brosius, Jürgen |author6= Schmitz, Jürgen |title=Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals|journal=PLOS Biology|year=2006|volume=4|issue=4|pages=e91|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091|pmid=16515367|pmc=1395351 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The relationships between these three lineages are contentious, and all three have been proposed as basal in different hypotheses.<ref name=Kriegs2006/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hallström |first1=B. M. |last2=Kullberg |first2=M. |last3=Nilsson |first3=M. A. |last4=Janke |first4=A. |date=2007 |title=Phylogenomic Data Analyses Provide Evidence that Xenarthra and Afrotheria Are Sister Groups |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=2059–2068 | pmid=17630282 | doi=10.1093/molbev/msm136| doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Nishiharaetal2009>{{cite journal|last=Nishihara|first=H.|author2=Maruyama, S. |author3=Okada, N. |title=Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|year=2009|volume=106|issue=13|pages=5235–5240|doi=10.1073/pnas.0809297106|pmid=19286970|pmc=2655268|bibcode=2009PNAS..106.5235N|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The following taxonomy only includes living placentals (infraclass [[Eutheria]]):{{citation needed|reason=There is no reference for the up to date molecular taxonomy. A suitable reference is Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology by George A. Feldhamer, Lee C. Drickamer, Stephen H. Vessey, Joseph F. Merritt, Carey Krajewski, JHU Press, 19 Feb 2015, which claims to be using a preliminary taxonomy for the 4th edition of Mammal Species of the World. The google books link is https://books.google.com/books?id=CAq5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA238. The reference will be added when the taxonomy has been changed  |date=February 2020}}

===[[Atlantogenata]]===

====[[Afrotheria]]====
*Clade [[Afroinsectiphilia]]
**Order [[Macroscelidea]]
***Family [[Macroscelididae]]: (20 species), sengis or elephant shrews (Africa)<ref>{{cite web|title=Afrotherian Systematics|website=IUCN Afrotheria Specialist Group|url=http://www.afrotheria.net/systematics.php|access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref>
**Order [[Afrosoricida]]
***Family [[Tenrecidae]]: (31 species<ref>{{BioRef|asm|family=Tenrecidae|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>), tenrecs (Madagascar) 
***Family [[Potamogalidae]]: (3 species<ref>{{BioRef|asm|family=Potamogalidae|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>), otter-shrews (West and Central Africa)
***Family [[Chrysochloridae]]: (21 species), golden moles (Africa south of the Sahara)
**Order [[Tubulidentata]]
***Family [[Orycteropodidae]]: (1 species), aardvark (Africa south of the Sahara)
*Clade [[Paenungulata]]
**Order [[Proboscidea]]
***Family [[Elephantidae]]: (3 species), elephants (Africa, Southeast Asia)
**Order [[Hyracoidea]]
***Family [[Procaviidae]]: (4 species), hyraxes, dassies (Africa, Arabia)
**Order [[Sirenia]]
***Family [[Dugongidae]]: (1 species), dugong (East Africa, Red Sea, North Australia)
***Family [[Trichechidae]]: (3 species), manatees (tropical Atlantic coasts and adjacent rivers)

====[[Xenarthra]]====
*Order [[Cingulata]]<ref name="GibbCondamine2016">{{cite journal|last1=Gibb|first1=Gillian C.|last2=Condamine|first2=Fabien L.|last3=Kuch|first3=Melanie|last4=Enk|first4=Jacob|last5=Moraes-Barros|first5=Nadia|last6=Superina|first6=Mariella|last7=Poinar|first7=Hendrik N.|last8=Delsuc|first8=Frédéric|title=Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=33|issue=3|year=2016|pages=621–642|issn=0737-4038|doi=10.1093/molbev/msv250|doi-access=free|pmid=26556496|pmc=4760074}}</ref>
**Family [[Chlamyphoridae]]: (14 species), armadillos (Neotropical)
**Family [[Dasypodidae]]: (7 species), long-nosed armadillos (Neotropical and Nearctic)
*Order [[Pilosa]] (=Dasypoda)<ref name="GibbCondamine2016"/>
**Suborder [[Vermilingua]] (anteaters)
***Family [[Cyclopedidae]]: (1 species), silky anteater (Neotropical)
***Family [[Myrmecophagidae]]: (3 species), anteaters (Neotropical)
**Suborder [[Folivora]] (sloths)
***Family [[Choloepodidae]]: (2 species), two-toed sloths (Neotropical)
***Family [[Bradypodidae]]: (4 species), three-toed sloths (Neotropical)

===[[Boreoeutheria]]===

====[[Euarchontoglires]] ====
[[File:Katzenmaki (Chirogaleus furcifer).png|thumb|right|199px|[[Masoala fork-marked lemur]] (''Cheirogaleus'') ''Phaner furcifer'']]
*Superorder [[Euarchonta]]
**Order [[Scandentia]]
***Family [[Ptilocercidae]] (1 species), pen-tailed treeshrews (Southeast Asia)
***Family [[Tupaiidae]]: (19 species), treeshrews (Southeast Asia)
**Mirorder [[Primatomorpha]]
***Order [[Dermoptera]]
****Family [[Cynocephalidae]]: (2 species), flying lemurs or colugos (Southeast Asia)
***Order [[Primates]]: lemurs, bushbabies, monkeys, apes ([[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]]) [[File:Wild aye aye.jpg|thumb|right|199px|[[Aye aye]] (Daubentonid)]]
****Family [[Cheirogaleidae]]: (32 species), dwarf lemurs (Madagascar)
****Family [[Lemuridae]]: (22 species), lemurs (Madagascar)
****Family [[Lepilemuridae]]: (26 species), sportive lemurs (Madagascar)
****Family [[Indriidae]]: (19 species), indri and sifakas (Madagascar)
****Family [[Daubentoniidae]]: (1 species), aye-aye (Madagascar area)
****Family [[Lorisidae]]: (9 species), lorises and potto (Africa and Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Galagidae]]: (19 species), galagos (Africa) [[File:Capuchin Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|right|199px|[[Capuchin monkey]] (Cebid)]]
****Family [[Tarsiidae]]: (9 species), tarsiers (Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Callitrichidae]]: (41 species), marmosets and tamarins (South America)
****Family [[Cebidae]]: (14 species), New World monkeys (South America)
****Family [[Cercopithecidae]]: (137 species), Old World monkeys (Africa and Eurasia)
****Family [[Hylobatidae]]: (14 species), gibbons (Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Hominidae]]: (8 species), great apes (worldwide)
*Superorder [[Glires]]
**Order [[Lagomorpha]]: pikas, rabbits, hares (Eurasia, Africa, Americas) [[File:Arctic Hare 1.jpg|thumb|right|199px|[[Arctic hare]] ([[Leporidae|Leporid]])]]
***Family [[Leporidae]]: (60 species), rabbits and hares (Eurasia, Africa, Americas)
***Family [[Ochotonidae]]: (30 species), pikas (Holarctic)
**Order [[Rodent]]ia: rodents (cosmopolitan)
***Suborder [[Castorimorpha]] 
****Family [[Castoridae]]: (2 species) beavers (Holarctic)
****Family [[Geomyidae]]: (about 35 species) pocket gophers (North America)
****Family [[Heteromyidae]]: (about 59 species) kangaroo rats and kangaroo mice (North America)
***Suborder [[Myomorpha]]
****Family [[Dipodidae]]: (33 species) jerboas (Africa, Eurasia, North America)
****Family [[Zapodidae]]: (11 species) jumping mice (North America, Asia)
****Family [[Sicistidae]]: (19 species) birch mice (Eurasia)
****Family [[Platacanthomyidae]]: (3 species) spiny dormouse (Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Spalacidae]]: (37 species) zokors, root rats, blind mole rats (Africa, Eurasia)
****Family [[Calomyscidae]]: (8 species) mouse-like hamsters (Asia)
****Family [[Nesomyidae]]: (68 species) old endemic African muroids (Africa, Madagascar)
****Family [[Cricetidae]]: (about 580 species) hamsters, voles, and New World rats and mice (Holarctic, South America)
****Family [[Muridae]]: (about 1,383 species) Old World rats and mice and gerbils (Africa, Eurasia, Australia)
***Suborder [[Anomaluromorpha]]
****Family [[Anomaluridae]]: (6 species) scaly-tailed flying squirrels (Africa)
****Family [[Pedetidae]]: (2 species) springhares or springhaas (Africa)
***Suborder [[Hystricomorpha]]
****Family [[Ctenodactylidae]]: (5 species) gundis (Africa, Asia)
****Family [[Diatomyidae]]: (1 species) Laotian rock rat (Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Hystricidae]]: (11 Species) Old World porcupines (Africa, Asia)
****Family [[Bathyergidae]]: (about 21 species) African mole-rats (Africa)
****Family [[Petromuridae]]: (1 species) rock dassies (Africa)
****Family [[Thryonomyidae]]: (2 species) cane rats (Africa)
****Family [[Erethizontidae]]: (19 species) New World porcupines (New World)
****Family [[Chinchillidae]]: (3 species) chinchillas and viscachas (South America)
****Family [[Dinomyidae]]: (1 species) pacarana (South America)
****Family [[Caviidae]]: (18 species) cavies and capybara (South America)
****Family [[Dasyproctidae]]: (13 species) agoutis and acouchis (South America)
****Family [[Cuniculidae]]: (about 3 species) paca (South America)
****Family [[Ctenomyidae]]: (about 60 species) tuco-tucos (South America)
****Family [[Octodontidae]]: (14 species) degus (South America)
****Family [[Abrocomidae]]: (9 species) chinchilla-rats (South America)
****Family [[Echimyidae]]: spiny rats (South America)
****Family [[Capromyidae]]: (10 species) hutias (South America)
****Family [[Heptaxodontidae]]: giant hutias (recently extinct)
****Family [[Myocastoridae]]: (57 species) nutrias (South America)
***Suborder [[Sciuromorpha]] [[File:Aplodontia.jpg|thumb|right|199px|Mountain beaver (''Aplodont'')]]
****Family [[Aplodontiidae]]: (1 species) mountain beaver (western North America)
****Family [[Sciuridae]]: (about 285 species) squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots (cosmopolitan except Australia)
****Family [[Gliridae]]: (29 species) dormice (Africa, Eurasia)

====[[Laurasiatheria]]====
*Order [[Eulipotyphla]]
**Family [[Solenodontidae]]: (2 species) solenodons (Cuba, Hispaniola)
**Family [[Nesophontidae]]: nesophontes (West Indies shrews) (recently extinct)
**Family [[Soricidae]]: (385 species) shrews (Eurasia, Africa, North America to northern South America)
**Family [[Talpidae]]: (59 species) moles, shrew-moles, desmans (Eurasia, North America)
**Family [[Erinaceidae]]: (26 species) hedgehogs, gymnures (Eurasia, Africa)
**Family [[Galericidae]]: (8 species) moonrats (southeast Asia)
*Grandorder [[Chiroptera]] <!-- used for both ranks, following reference noted in citation needed -->
**Order [[Chiroptera]]: bats 
***Suborder Yinpterochiroptera 
****Family [[Pteropodidae]]: (about 197 species) flying foxes (Africa, Eurasia, Australia)
****Family [[Hipposideridae]]: (84 species) trident bats, leaf-nosed bats
****Family [[Rhinolophidae]]: (106 species) horseshoe bats (Old World)
****Family [[Rhinopomatidae]]: (6 species) mouse-tailed bats (Africa, Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Craseonycteridae]]: (1 species) Kitti's hog-nosed bat (Thailand)
****Family [[Megadermatidae]]: (6 species) false vampire bats (Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia)
***Suborder Yangochiroptera 
****Family [[Emballonuridae]]: (54 species) sac-winged bats (southern continents)
****Family [[Nycteridae]]: (about 15 species) slit-faced bats (Africa, Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Mystacinidae]]: (about 2 species) short-tailed bats (New Zealand)
****Family [[Thyropteridae]]: (5 species) disk-winged bats (South America)
****Family [[Furipteridae]]: (2 species) smoky bats (South America)
****Family [[Noctilionidae]]: (2 species) fishing bats (South America)
****Family [[Mormoopidae]]: (about 11 species) leaf-chinned bats (South America)
****Family [[Phyllostomidae]]: (192 species) leaf-nosed bats (South America)
****Family [[Myzopodidae]]: (2 species) sucker-footed bats (Madagascar)
****Family [[Natalidae]]: (10 species) funnel-eared bats (South America)
****Family [[Molossidae]]: (about 110 species) free-tailed bats (cosmopolitan)
****Family [[Miniopteridae]]: (about 40 species) long-fingered bats (Africa, Eurasia, Australia)
****Family [[Cistugidae]]: (2 species) wing-gland bats (Southern Africa)
****Family [[Vespertilionidae]]: (over 300 species) vesper bats (cosmopolitan)
*Grandorder [[Ferae]]
**Order [[Pholidota]]
***Family [[Manidae]]: (about 8 species) pangolins, scaly anteaters (Africa, South Asia)
**Order [[Carnivora]]: carnivorans (cosmopolitan)
***Suborder [[Feliformia]]
****Family [[Nandiniidae]]: (4 species) African palm civet (Central Africa)
****Family [[Prionodontidae]]: (2 species) Asiatic linsangs (Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Felidae]]: (41 species) cats (cosmopolitan except Australia)
****Family [[Viverridae]]: (33 species) civets, Asiatic palm civets (Africa, Southern Europe, Southeast Asia)
****Family [[Herpestidae]]: (34 species) mongooses (Africa, Asia, Southern Europe)
****Family [[Eupleridae]]: (10 species) Malagasy carnivorans (Madagascar)
****Family [[Hyaenidae]]: (4 species) hyaenas, aardwolf (Africa)
***Suborder [[Caniformia]]
****Family [[Canidae]]: (38 species) dogs (cosmopolitan)
****Family [[Ursidae]]: (8 species) bears (Europe, Asia, New World)
****Family [[Otariidae]]: (15 species) eared seals (cosmopolitan except North Atlantic)
****Family [[Odobenidae]]: (1 species) walrus (Northern North American, Northern Europe, Northern Asia)
****Family [[Phocidae]]: (18 species) true seals (cosmopolitan)
****Family [[Ailuridae]]: (1 species) red panda (South-Central Asia)
****Family [[Mephitidae]]: (12 species) skunks (Southeast Asia, New World)
****Family [[Mustelidae]]: (about 69 species) weasels and relatives (cosmopolitan except Australia)
****Family [[Procyonidae]]: (14 species) ringtails, olingos, kinkajou, raccoons, coatis (New World)
*Grandorder [[Euungulata]]
**Order [[Perissodactyla]]: odd-toed ungulates
***Family [[Equidae]]: (13 species) horses, zebras, donkeys (Africa, West and Central Asia)
***Family [[Tapiridae]]: (3 species) tapirs (Central and South America, Southeast Asia)
***Family [[Rhinocerotidae]]: (5 species) rhinoceroses (Africa, Southeast Asia)
**Order [[Artiodactyla]]: even-toed ungulates (now includes [[cetacea]]ns)
***Suborder [[Suiformes]]
****Family [[Suidae]]: (18 species) pigs (Africa, Eurasia) [[File:Sow with piglet.jpg|200px|thumb|Pig and piglet]]
****Family [[Tayassuidae]]: (about 3 species) peccaries (New World)
***Suborder [[Tylopoda]]
****Family [[Camelidae]]: (7 species) camels (South America, Asia)
***Suborder [[Ruminantia]]
****Family [[Tragulidae]]: (10 species) mouse-deer (Africa, Asia)
****Family [[Antilocapridae]]: (1 species) pronghorn (North America)
****Family [[Giraffidae]]: (2-9 species) giraffe and okapi (Africa) [[File:Giraffen.jpg|200px|thumb|Giraffe]]
****Family [[Cervidae]]: (26 species) deer (Holarctic, South America)
****Family [[Moschidae]]: (7 species) musk deer (Asia) [[File:Muntjac deer.JPG|199px|thumb|right|Muntjac deer]]
****Family [[Bovidae]]: (143 species) cattle, antelope, sheep, etc. (Africa, Holarctic) [[File:Pair of Icelandic Sheep.jpg|thumb|200px|Pair of Icelandic sheep]]
***Suborder [[Whippomorpha]]
****Family [[Hippopotamidae]]: (2 species) hippos (Africa)
****Infraorder [[Cetacea]]
*****Parvorder [[Mysticeti]]
******Family [[Balaenopteridae]]: (10 species) rorquals and grey whales (cosmopolitan)
******Family [[Balaenidae]]: (4 species) right and bowhead whales (polar and temperate waters)
******Family [[Eschrichtiidae]]: (1 species) gray whale (North Pacific and North Atlantic)
******Family [[Neobalaenidae]]: (1 species) pygmy right whales (southern hemisphere) 
*****Parvorder [[Odontoceti]]
******Family [[Delphinidae]]: (about 37 species) dolphins (cosmopolitan)
******Family [[Monodontidae]]: (2 species) beluga and narwhal (Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific)
******Family [[Phocoenidae]]: (8 species) porpoises (cosmopolitan)
******Family [[Physeteridae]]: (3 species) sperm whales (cosmopolitan)
******Family [[Kogiidae]]: (2 species) dwarf sperm whales (cosmopolitan)
******Family [[Platanistidae]]: (2 species) South Asian river dolphin (Southern Asia)
******Family [[Iniidae]]: (1-4 species) Amazon River dolphin (South America)
******Family [[Pontoporiidae]]: (1 species) La Plata River dolphin (South America)
******Family [[Lipotidae]]: baiji<!--need citation to add this new family--->
******Family [[Ziphiidae]]: (24 species) beaked whales (cosmopolitan)

==Standardized textbook classification==

A somewhat standardized classification system has been adopted by most current [[mammalogy]] classroom textbooks. The following taxonomy of extant and recently extinct mammals is taken from the 6th edition of Vaughan's ''Mammalogy''.<ref name=Mammalogy/> This approach emphasizes an initial split between egg-laying prototherians and live-bearing therians. The therians are further divided into the marsupial Metatheria and the "placental" Eutheria. No attempt is made in this classification to further distinguish among the orders within these subclasses and infraclasses. This system also makes no note of the position of entirely fossil groups.

In this and later taxonomies, families are merely listed under the order to which they belong. More detailed relationships among families is presented in the article of each order.

===Subclass [[Prototheria]]/[[Yinotheria]]===
*Order [[Monotremata]]
**Family [[Tachyglossidae]] (echidnas)
**Family [[Ornithorhynchidae]] (platypuses)

===Subclass [[Theria]]===
*Infraclass [[Metatheria]] (marsupials and their nearest ancestors)
**Order [[Didelphimorphia]]
***Family [[Didelphidae]] (opossums, etc.)
**Order [[Paucituberculata]]
***Family [[Caenolestidae]] (shrew opossums)
**Order [[Microbiotheria]]
***Family [[Microbiotheriidae]] (monitos del monte)
**Order [[Dasyuromorphia]] (most carnivorous marsupials)
***Family [[Thylacinidae]] (Tasmanian tigers)
***Family [[Myrmecobiidae]] (numbats)
***Family [[Dasyuridae]] (Tasmanian devils, quolls, dunnarts, planigale, etc.)
**Order [[Peramelemorphia]] (bandicoots, bilbies, etc.)
***Family [[Peramelidae]] (bandicoots, echymiperas)
<!-- [[Peroryctidae]] is not part of cited classification -->
***Family †[[Chaeropodidae]] (pig-footed bandicoot) 
**Order [[Notoryctemorphia]] (marsupial moles)
***Family [[Notoryctidae]]
**Order [[Diprotodontia]]
***Family [[Phascolarctidae]] (koalas)
***Family [[Vombatidae]] (wombats)
***Family [[Phalangeridae]] (brushtail possums and cuscuses)
***Family [[Potoroidae]] (bettongs, potoroos and rat kangaroos)
***Family [[Macropodidae]] (kangaroos, wallabies, etc.)
***Family [[Burramyidae]] (pygmy possums)
***Family [[Pseudocheiridae]] (ringtailed possums, etc.)
***Family [[Petauridae]] ([[striped possum]], [[Leadbeater's possum]], [[yellow-bellied glider]], [[sugar glider]], [[mahogany glider]] and [[squirrel glider]])
***Family [[Tarsipedidae]] (honey possum)
***Family [[Acrobatidae]] ([[feathertail glider]] and [[feather-tailed possum]])
***Family [[Hypsiprymnodontidae]] (musky rat kangaroo)
*Infraclass [[Eutheria]]
**Order [[Afrosoricida]]
***Family [[Tenrecidae]] (tenrecs)
***Family [[Chrysochloridae]] (golden moles)
**Order [[Macroscelidea]]
***Family [[Macroscelididae]] (elephant-shrews)
**Order [[Tubulidentata]]
***Family [[Orycteropodidae]] (aardvark)
**Order [[Proboscidea]]
***Family [[Elephantidae]] (elephants)
**Order [[Sirenia]]
***Family [[Dugongidae]] (dugongs, sea cows)
***Family [[Trichechidae]] (manatees)
**Order [[Hyracoidea]]
***Family [[Procaviidae]] (hyraxes)
**Order [[Pilosa]]
***Family [[Bradypodidae]] (three-toed tree sloths)
***Family [[Megalonychidae]] (two-toed tree sloths)
***Family [[Myrmecophagidae]] (tamanduas and giant anteater)
***Family [[Cyclopedidae]] (silky anteater)
**Order [[Cingulata]]
***Family [[Dasypodidae]] (armadillos)
**Order [[Dermoptera]]
***Family [[Cynocephalidae]] (colugos)
**Order [[Scandentia]]
***Family [[Tupaiidae]] (tree shrews)
***Family [[Ptilocercidae]] (pen-tailed treeshrew)
**Order [[Primates]]
***Family [[Cheirogaleidae]] (dwarf lemurs, mouse lemurs)
***Family [[Lemuridae]] (lemurs)
***Family [[Lepilemuridae]] (sportive lemurs)
***Family [[Indriidae]] (wooly lemurs, sifakas)
***Family [[Daubentoniidae]] (aye-aye)
***Family [[Lorisidae]] (lorises)
***Family [[Galagidae]] (bushbabies, galagos)
***Family [[Tarsiidae]] (tarsiers)
***Family [[Cebidae]] (marmosets, tamarins, capuchins, squirrel monkeys)
***Family [[Aotidae]] (night monkeys)
***Family [[Pitheciidae]] (titis, uacaris, sakis)
***Family [[Atelidae]] (howlers, spider monkeys, wooly monkeys)
***Family [[Cercopithecidae]] (Old World monkeys)
***Family [[Hylobatidae]] (gibbons)
***Family [[Hominidae]] (apes, human)
<!-- not in this classification  ***Family [[Callitrichidae]] -->
**Order [[Rodentia]]
***Family [[Aplodontiidae]] (sewellel or mountain beaver)
***Family [[Sciuridae]] (squirrels)
***Family [[Gliridae]] (dormice)
***Family [[Castoridae]] (beavers)
***Family [[Heteromyidae]] (kangaroo rats, pocket mice)
***Family [[Geomyidae]] (pocket gophers)
***Family [[Dipodidae]] (jerboas, birch mice, jumping mice)
***Family [[Platacanthomyidae]] (tree mice)
***Family [[Spalacidae]] (zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats)
***Family [[Calomyscidae]] (calomyscuses)
***Family [[Nesomyidae]] (pouched rats and mice, climbing and fat mice, etc.)
***Family [[Cricetidae]] (voles, hamsters, New World rats and mice
***Family [[Muridae]] (rats, mice)
***Family [[Anomaluridae]] (scaily-tailed flying squirrels)
***Family [[Pedetidae]] (springhaas, springhares)
***Family [[Ctenodactylidae]] (gundis)
***Family [[Diatomyidae]] (kha-nyous or Laotian rock rat)
<!--***Family [[Myoxidae]] not included in classification-->
***Family [[Bathyergidae]] (mole-rats)
***Family [[Hystricidae]] (African and Asian porcupines)
***Family [[Petromuridae]] (dassie rat)
***Family [[Thryonomyidae]] (can rats)
***Family [[Erethizontidae]] (bristle-spined rat and New World porcupines)
***Family [[Chinchillidae]] (chinchillas, vizcachas)
***Family [[Dinomyidae]] (pacarana)
***Family [[Caviidae]] (cuis, guinea-pigs, cavies, maras, capybaras)
<!--***Family [[Hydrochaeridae]] not included in classification-->
***Family [[Dasyproctidae]] (agoutis, acouchis)
<!--***Family [[Agoutidae]] not a separate family in this classificaiton-->
***Family [[Cuniculidae]] (pacas)
***Family [[Ctenomyidae]] (tuco-tucos)
***Family [[Octodontidae]] (degus, rock rats, vizcacha-rats)
***Family [[Abrocomidae]] (chinchilla rats)
***Family [[Echimyidae]] (spiny rats, tree rats, hutias, & coypu)
***Family †[[Heptaxodontidae]] (giant hutias and key mice)
**Order [[Lagomorpha]]
***Family [[Ochotonidae]] (pikas)
***Family †[[Prolagidae]] (Sardinian pika)
***Family [[Leporidae]] (rabbits)
**Order [[Eulipotyphla]]
***Family [[Erinaceidae]] (hedgehogs, gymnures)
***Family †[[Nesophontidae]] (nesophontes)
***Family [[Solenodontidae]] (solenodons, alamiquis)
***Family [[Soricidae]] (shrews)
***Family [[Talpidae]] (moles, desmans)
**Order [[Chiroptera]]
***Family [[Pteropodidae]] (Old World fruit bats, flying foxes)
***Family [[Rhinopomatidae]] (mouse-tailed bats)
***Family [[Craseonycteridae]] (hog-nosed or bumblebee bat)
***Family [[Megadermatidae]] (false vampire bats)
***Family [[Rhinolophidae]] (horseshoe bats)
***Family [[Emballonuridae]] (sac-winged bats)
***Family [[Nycteridae]] (slit-faced bats)
***Family [[Myzopodidae]] (sucker-footed bats)
***Family [[Mystacinidae]] (New Zealand short-tailed bats)
***Family [[Thyropteridae]] (disk-winged bats)
***Family [[Furipteridae]] (smokey bat and thumbless bat)
***Family [[Noctilionidae]] (bulldog bats)
***Family [[Mormoopidae]] (mustached and ghost-faced bats)
***Family [[Phyllostomidae]] (New World leaf-nosed bats)
***Family [[Natalidae]] (funnel-eared bats)
***Family [[Molossidae]] (free-tailed bats)
***Family [[Vespertilionidae]] (evening bats, common bats)
***Family [[Miniopteridae]] (bent-winged or long-fingered bats)
**Order [[Pholidota]]
***Family [[Manidae]] (pangolins)
**Order [[Carnivora]]
***Family [[Felidae]] (cats)
***Family [[Viverridae]] (civets, genets)
***Family [[Eupleridae]] (falanouc, fossa, Madagascaran mongooses)
***Family [[Nandiniidae]] (African palm civet)
***Family [[Herpestidae]] (mongooses)
***Family [[Hyaenidae]] (hyaenas, aardwolf)
***Family [[Canidae]] (wolves, foxes, jackals)
***Family [[Ursidae]] (bears, giant panda)
***Family [[Odobenidae]] (walrus)
***Family [[Otariidae]] (eared seals, fur seals, sea lions)
***Family [[Phocidae]] (earless seals)
***Family [[Mustelidae]] (weasels, badgers, otters)
***Family [[Procyonidae]] (raccoons, ringtails, coatis)
***Family [[Ailuridae]] (red panda)
**Order [[Perissodactyla]]
***Family [[Equidae]] (horses, asses, zebras)
***Family [[Tapiridae]] (tapirs)
***Family [[Rhinocerotidae]] (rhinoceroses)
**Order [[Artiodactyla]]
***Family [[Suidae]] (hogs, pigs)
***Family [[Tayassuidae]] (peccaries)
***Family [[Hippopotamidae]] (hippopotamuses)
***Family [[Camelidae]] (camels, vicunas, guanacos, llamas)
***Family [[Tragulidae]] (chevrotains and mouse deer)
***Family [[Moschidae]] (musk deer)
***Family [[Cervidae]] (deer)
***Family [[Antilocapridae]] (pronghorn)
***Family [[Giraffidae]] (giraffe and okapi)
***Family [[Bovidae]] (antelope, bison, cattle, duikers, goats, sheep, etc.)
**Order [[Cetacea]]
***Family [[Balaenidae]] (right whales)
***Family [[Balaenopteridae]] (rorquals)
***Family [[Eschrichtiidae]] (gray whales)
***Family [[Cetotheriidae]] (pygmy right whale)
***Family [[Delphinidae]] (ocean dolphins)
***Family [[Monodontidae]] (narwhal and beluga)
***Family [[Phocoenidae]] (porpoises)
<!--***Family [[Neobalaenidae]] not in this classification-->
***Family [[Physeteridae]] (sperm whales)
***Family [[Platanistidae]] (Ganges and Indus river dolphins)
***Family [[Iniidae]] (baiji, franciscana, and Amazon river dolphins)
***Family [[Ziphiidae]] (beaked whales)

==McKenna/Bell classification==
In 1997, the classification of mammals was revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell.<ref name=McKenna-Bell>{{cite book|last1=McKenna|first1=Malcolm C.|last2=Bell|first2=Susan K.|last3=Simpson|first3=George Gaylord|title=Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level|year=1997|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-11012-9
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zS7FZkzIw-cC
}}</ref> The ''Classification of Mammals Above the species level'', here referred to as the "McKenna/Bell classification", is a comprehensive work on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus. The authors worked together as [[paleontologists]] at the [[American Museum of Natural History]], New York. McKenna inherited the project from Simpson and, with Bell, constructed a completely updated hierarchical system, covering living and extinct taxa that reflects the historical genealogy of Mammalia.

The McKenna/Bell hierarchical listing of all of the terms used for mammal groups above the species includes extinct mammals as well as modern groups, and introduces some fine distinctions such as [[legion (taxonomy)|legions and sublegions]] and ranks which fall between classes and orders that are likely to be glossed over by the layman.

Click on the highlighted link for a [http://www.utep.edu/leb/classification/table1a.htm table comparing the traditional and the new McKenna/Bell classifications of mammals].

[[Extinct]] groups are represented by †.

===Subclass [[Prototheria]]===
(monotremes)
*Order [[Platypoda]]: platypuses
**Family [[Ornithorhynchidae]]: platypuses
*Order [[Tachyglossa]]: echidnas (spiny anteaters)
**Family [[Tachyglossidae]]: echidnas

===Subclass [[Theriiformes]]===
<div style="min-width:700px">
*Infraclass †[[Allotheria]]
**Order †[[Multituberculata]]: multituberculates
***Family †[[Plagiaulacidae]]
***Family †[[Bolodontidae]]
***Family †[[Hahnodontidae]]
***Family †[[Albionbaataridae]]
***Family †[[Arginbaataridae]]
***Family †[[Kogaionidae]]
***Suborder †[[Cimolodonta]]
****Family †[[Sloanbaataridae]]
**** Superfamily †[[Ptilodontoidea]]
*****Family †[[Cimolodontidae]]
*****Family †[[Ptilodontidae]]
****Superfamily †[[Taeniolabidoidea]]
*****Family †[[Cimolomyidae]]
*****Family †[[Eucosmodontidae]]
*****Family †[[Taeniolabididae]]
<!-- these two families are placed in Paucituberculata (marsupial) in McKenna-Bell
***Family †[[Patagoniidae]] 
***Family †[[Groeberiidae]] 
-->
***Suborder †[[Gondwanatheria]]
****Family †[[Ferugliotheriidae]]
****Family †[[Sudamericidae]]
*Infraclass †[[Triconodonta]]
**Family †[[Austrotriconodontidae]]
**Family †[[Amphilestidae]]
**Family †[[Triconodontidae]]
*Infraclass [[Holotheria]]
**Family †[[Chronoperatidae]]
**Superlegion †[[Kuehneotheria]]
***Family †[[Kuehneotheriidae]]
***Family †[[Woutersiidae]]
**Superlegion [[Trechnotheria]]
***Legion †[[Symmetrodonta]]
****Family †[[Shuotheriidae]]
****Order †[[Amphidontoidea]]
*****Family †[[Amphidontidae]]
****Order †[[Spalacotherioidea]]
*****Family †[[Tinodontidae]]
*****Family †[[Spalacotheriidae]]
*****Family †[[Barbereniidae]]
***Legion [[Cladotheria]]
****Sublegion †[[Dryolestoidea]]
*****Order †[[Dryolestida]]
<!--placed in Triconodonta in McKenna-Bll
******Family †[[Austrotriconodontidae]]-->
******Family †[[Dryolestidae]]
******Family †[[Paurodontidae]]
******Family †[[Donodontidae]]
******Family †[[Mesungulatidae]]
******Family †[[Reigitheriidae]]
******Family †[[Brandoniidae]]
*****Order †[[Amphitheriida]]
******Family †[[Amphitheriidae]]
****Sublegion [[Zatheria]]
*****Family †[[Arguitheriidae]]
*****Family †[[Arguimuridae]]
*****Family †[[Vincelestidae]]
*****Infralegion †[[Peramura]]
******Family †[[Peramuridae]]
*****Infralegion [[Tribosphenida]]
******Family †[[Necrolestidae]]
******Supercohort †[[Aegialodontia]]
*******Family †[[Aegialodontidae]]
******Supercohort [[Theria]]: therian mammals
*******Family †[[Pappotheriidae]]
*******Family †[[Holoclemensiidae]]
*******Family †[[Kermackiidae]]
*******Family †[[Endotheriidae]]
*******Family †[[Picopsidae]]
*******Family †[[Potamotelsidae]]
*******Family †[[Plicatodontidae]]
*******Order †[[Deltatheroida]]
********Family †[[Deltatheridiidae]]
********Family †[[Deltatheroididae]]
*******Order †[[Asiadelphia]]
********Family †[[Asiatheriidae]]
*******Cohort [[Marsupialia]]: marsupials
********Family †[[Yingabalanaridae]]
********Suborder †[[Archimetatheria]] 
*********Family †[[Stagodontidae]]
*********Family †[[Pediomyidae]]
********Magnorder [[Australidelphia]]
*********Superorder [[Microbiotheria]]
**********Family [[Microbiotheriidae]]: monito del monte
*********Superorder [[Eometatheria]]
**********Order †[[Yalkaparidontia]]
***********Family †[[Yalkaparidontidae]]
**********Order [[Notoryctemorphia]]: marsupial moles
***********Family [[Notoryctidae]]: marsupial moles
**********Grandorder [[Dasyuromorphia]]: marsupial carnivores
***********Family †[[Thylacinidae]]: recently extinct Tasmanian tiger and relatives
***********Family [[Dasyuridae]]: Tasmanian devil, quolls, numbat, etc.
<!--this is subfamily Myrmecobiinae of Dayuridae in McKenna-Bell
***********Family [[Myrmecobiidae]]: numbat-->
**********Grandorder [[Syndactyli]]: syndactylous marsupials
***********Order [[Peramelia]]: bandicoots
************Family [[Peramelidae]]
************Family [[Peroryctidae]]
***********Order [[Diprotodontia]]
************Family †[[Palorchestidae]]
************Family †[[Wynardiidae]]
************Family †[[Thylacoleonidae]]
************Family [[Tarsipedidae]]: honey possum
************Superfamily [[Vombatoidea]]
*************Family †[[Ilariidae]]
*************Family †[[Diprotodontidae]]
*************Family [[Vombatidae]]: wombats
************Superfamily [[Phalangeroidea]]
*************Family [[Phalangeridae]]: phalangers
*************Family [[Burramyidae]]: pygmy possums
*************Family [[Macropodidae]]: rat kangaroos, kangaroos and wallabies
*************Family [[Petauridae]]: gliders
*************Family †[[Ektopodontidae]]
*************Family [[Phascolarctidae]]: koala
*************Family †[[Pilkipildridae]]
*************Family †[[Miralinidae]]
*************Family [[Acrobatidae]]: feather-tail glider, pen-tailed phalanger
********Magnorder [[Ameridelphia]]
*********Order [[Didelphimorphia]]: opossums
**********Family [[Didelphidae]]: opossums
**********Family †[[Sparassocynidae]]
*********Order [[Paucituberculata]]
**********Superfamily [[Caenolestoidea]] 
***********Family †[[Sternbergiidae]]
***********Family [[Caenolestidae]]: rat or shrew opossums
***********Family †[[Paleothentidae]]
***********Family †[[Abderitidae]]
**********Superfamily †[[Polydolopoidea]] 
***********Family †[[Sillustaniidae]]
***********Family †[[Polydolopidae]]
***********Family †[[Prepidolopidae]]
***********Family †[[Bonapartheriidae]]
**********Superfamily †[[Argyrolagoidea]]
***********Family †[[Argyrolagidae]]
***********Family †[[Patagoniidae]] 
***********Family †[[Groeberiidae]] 
**********Superfamily †[[Caroloameghinioidea]]
***********Family †[[Glasbiidae]]
***********Family †[[Caroloameghiniidae]]
*********Order †[[Sparassodonta]]
**********Family †[[Mayulestidae]]
**********Family †[[Hondadelphidae]]
**********Family †[[Borhyaenidae]]
*******Cohort [[Placentalia]]: placentals                  <!------------ Placental mammals comment to help find place when editing -->
********Order †[[Bibymalagasia]]
********Magnorder [[Xenarthra]]: edentates
*********Order [[Cingulata]]: armadillos and relatives
**********Family †[[Protobradidae]] 
**********Superfamily [[Dasypodoidea]]
***********Family [[Dasypodidae]]: armadillos
***********Family †[[Peltephilidae]]
**********Superfamily †[[Glyptodontoidea]]
***********Family †[[Pampatheriidae]]
***********Family †[[Palaeopeltidae]]
***********Family †[[Glyptodontidae]]: glyptodonts
*********Order [[Pilosa]]: anteaters, sloths, and relatives
**********Family †[[Entelopidae]]
**********Suborder [[Vermilingua]]
***********Family [[Myrmecophagidae]]: giant anteaters and relatives
***********Family [[Cyclopedidae]]: pygmy anteater
**********Suborder [[Phyllophaga]]
***********Family †[[Rathymotheriidae]]
***********Infraorder †[[Mylodonta]]
************Superfamily †[[Mylodontoidea]]
*************Family †[[Scelidotheriidae]]
*************Family †[[Mylodontidae]]
************Superfamily †[[Orophodontoidea]]
*************Family †[[Orophodontidae]]
***********Infraorder [[Megatheria]]
************Superfamily [[Megatherioidea]]
*************Family †[[Megatheriidae]]: ground sloths
*************Family [[Megalonychidae]]: two-toed sloths
************Superfamily [[Bradypodoidea]]
*************Family [[Bradypodidae]]: three-toed sloths
********Magnorder [[Epitheria]]: epitheres
*********Superorder †[[Leptictida]]
**********Family †[[Gypsonictopidae]]
**********Family †[[Kulbeckiidae]]
**********Family †[[Didymoconidae]]
**********Family †[[Leptictidae]]
*********Superorder [[Preptotheria]]
**********Grandorder [[Anagalida]]
***********Family †[[Zambdalestidae]]
***********Family †[[Anagalidae]]
***********Family †[[Pseudictopidae]]
***********Mirorder [[Macroscelidea]]: elephant shrews
************Family [[Macroscelididae]]: elephant shrews
***********Mirorder [[Duplicidentata]]
************Order †[[Mimotonida]]
*************Family †[[Mimotonidae]]
************Order [[Lagomorpha]]
*************Family [[Ochotonidae]]: pikas
*************Family [[Leporidae]]: rabbits
***********Mirorder [[Simplicidentata]]
************Order †[[Mixodontia]]
*************Family †[[Eurymylidae]]
************Order [[Rodentia]]: rodents
*************Family †[[Alagomyidae]]
*************Family †[[Laredomyidae]]
*************Suborder [[Sciuromorpha]] 
**************Superfamily †[[Ischyromyoidea]]
***************Family †[[Ischyromyidae]]
**************Superfamily [[Aplodontoidea]]
***************Family †[[Allomyidae]]
***************Family [[Aplodontiidae]]: mountain beaver
***************Family †[[Mylagaulidae]]
**************Infraorder †[[Theridomyomorpha]]
***************Family †[[Theridomyidae]]
**************Infraorder [[Sciurida]]
***************Family †[[Reithroparamyidae]]
***************Family [[Sciuridae]]: squirrels
**************Infraorder [[Castorimorpha]] 
***************Family †[[Eutypomyidae]]
***************Family [[Castoridae]]: beavers
***************Family †[[Rhizospalacidae]]
*************Suborder [[Myomorpha]]
**************Family †[[Protoptychidae]]
**************Infraorder [[Myodonta]]
***************Superfamily [[Dipodoidea]]
****************Family †[[Armintomyidae]]
****************Family [[Dipodidae]]: jumping mice, jerboas
***************Superfamily [[Muroidea]]
****************Family †[[Simimyidae]]
****************Family [[Muroidea|Muridae]]: rats, mice, and relatives
**************Infraorder [[Glirimorpha]]
***************Family [[Myoxidae]]: dormice
**************Infraorder [[Geomorpha (mammal)|Geomorpha]]
***************Superfamily †[[Eomyoidea]]
****************Family †[[Eomyidae]]
***************Superfamily [[Geomyoidea]]
****************Family †[[Florentiamyidae]]
****************Family [[Geomyidae]]: pocket gophers, pocket mice, and kangaroo rats
*************Suborder [[Anomaluromorpha]]                                                 
**************Superfamily [[Pedetoidea]] 
***************Family †[[Parapedetidae]]
***************Family [[Pedetidae]]: springhaas
**************Superfamily [[Anomaluroidea]]
***************Family †[[Zegdoumyidae]]
***************Family [[Anomaluridae]]: scaly-tailed squirrels
*************Suborder [[Sciuravida]]
**************Family †[[Ivanantoniidae]]
**************Family †[[Sciuravidae]]
**************Family †[[Chapattimyidae]]
**************Family †[[Cylindrodontidae]]
**************Family [[Ctenodactylidae]]: gundis
*************Suborder [[Hystricognatha]]
**************Family †[[Tsaganomyidae]]
**************Infraorder [[Hystricognathi]]
***************Family [[Hystricidae]]: Old World porcupines
***************Family [[Erethizontidae]]: New World porcupines
***************Family †[[Myophiomyidae]]
***************Family †[[Diamantomyidae]]
***************Family †[[Phiomyidae]]
***************Family †[[Kenyamyidae]]
***************Family [[Petromuridae]]: rock rats
***************Family [[Thryonomyidae]]: cane rats
***************Parvorder [[Bathyergomorphi]]
****************Family [[Bathyergidae]]: mole-rats
****************Family †[[Bathyergoididae]]
***************Parvorder [[Caviomorpha|Caviida]] 
****************Superfamily [[Cavioidea]]
*****************Family [[Agoutidae]]: agoutis and pacas
*****************Family †[[Eocardiidae]]
*****************Family [[Dinomyidae]]: pacarana
*****************Family [[Caviidae]]: cavies
*****************Family [[Hydrochoeridae]]: capybara
****************Superfamily [[Octodontoidea]] 
*****************Family [[Octodontidae]]: degus, tuco-tucos
*****************Family [[Echimyidae]]: spiny rats, nutria
*****************Family [[Capromyidae]]: hutias
*****************Family †[[Heptaxodontidae]]
****************Superfamily [[Chinchilloidea]]
*****************Family [[Chinchillidae]]: chinchillas, viscachas
*****************Family †[[Neoepiblemidae]]
*****************Family [[Abrocomidae]]: rat chinchillas
**********Grandorder [[Ferae]]                                        <!--Ferae placemarker-->
***********Order [[Cimolesta]] - pangolins and relatives
************Family †[[Palaeoryctidae]]
************Suborder †[[Didelphodonta]]
*************Family †[[Cimolestidae]]
************Suborder †[[Apatotheria]]
*************Family †[[Apatemyidae]]
************Suborder †[[Taeniodonta]]
*************Family †[[Taeniodont|Stylinodontidae]]
************Suborder †[[Tillodonta]]
*************Family †[[Tillotheriidae]]
************Suborder †[[Pantodonta]]
*************Family †[[Wangliidae]]
*************Superfamily †[[Bemalambdoidea]] 
**************Family †[[Harpyodidae]]
**************Family †[[Bemalambdidae]]
*************Superfamily †[[Pantolambdoidea]] 
**************Family †[[Pastoralodontidae]]
**************Family †[[Titanoideidae]]
**************Family †[[Pantolambdidae]]
**************Family †[[Barylambdidae]]
**************Family †[[Cyriacotheriidae]]
**************Family †[[Pantolambdodontidae]]
*************Superfamily †[[Coryphodontoidea]]
**************Family †[[Coryphodontidae]]
************Suborder †[[Pantolesta]]
*************Family †[[Pantolestidae]]
*************Family †[[Paroxyclaenidae]]
*************Family †[[Ptolemaiidae]]
************Suborder [[Pholidota]]
*************Family †[[Epoicotheriidae]]
*************Family †[[Metacheiromyidae]]
*************Family [[Manidae]]: pangolins
************Suborder †[[Ernanodonta]]
*************Family †[[Ernanodontidae]]
***********Order †[[Creodonta]]: creodonts
************Family †[[Hyaenodontidae]]
************Family †[[Oxyaenidae]]
***********Order [[Carnivora]]
************Suborder [[Feliformia]]
*************Family †[[Viverravidae]]
*************Family †[[Nimravidae]]
*************Family [[Felidae]]: cats
*************Family [[Viverridae]]: civets, Asiatic palm civets
*************Family [[Herpestidae]]: mongooses
*************Family [[Hyaenidae]]: hyaenas, aardwolf
*************Family [[Nandiniidae]]: African palm civets
************Suborder [[Caniformia]]
*************Family †[[Miacidae]]
*************Infraorder [[Cynoidea]]
**************Family [[Canidae]]: dogs
*************Infraorder [[Arctoidea]]
**************Parvorder [[Ursida]]
***************Superfamily †Amphicyonoidea
****************Family †[[Amphicyonidae]]
***************Superfamily Ursoidea 
****************Family [[Ursidae]]: bears
****************Family †[[Hemicyonidae]]
***************Superfamily [[Pinnipedia|Phocoidea]]
****************Family [[Otariidae]]: eared seals
****************Family [[Phocidae]]: seals, walrus
**************Parvorder [[Mustelida]]
***************Family [[Mustelidae]]: weasels, skunks, and relatives
***************Family [[Procyonidae]]: ringtails, olingos, kinkajou, raccoons, coatis, red panda
**********Grandorder [[Lipotyphla]]
***********Family †[[Adapisoriculidae]]
************Order [[Chrysochloridea]]
*************Family [[Chrysochloridae]]: golden moles
************Order [[Erinaceomorpha]]
*************Family †[[Sespedectidae]]
*************Family †[[Amphilemuridae]]
*************Family †[[Adapisoricidae]]
*************Family †[[Creotarsidae]]
*************Superfamily [[Erinaceoidea]]
**************Family [[Erinaceidae]]: hedgehogs and relatives
*************Superfamily [[Talpoidea]]
**************Family †[[Proscalopidae]]
**************Family [[Talpidae]]: moles
**************Family †[[Dimylidae]]
************Order [[Soricomorpha]]
*************Family †[[Otlestidae]]
*************Family †[[Geolabididae]]
*************Superfamily [[Soricoidea]]
**************Family †[[Nesophontidae]]: recently extinct west Indian shrews
**************Family †[[Micropternodontidae]]
**************Family †[[Apternodontidae]]
**************Family [[Solenodontidae]]: solenodons
**************Family †[[Plesiosoricidae]]
**************Family †[[Nyctitheriidae]]
**************Family [[Soricidae]]: shrews
*************Superfamily [[Tenrecoidea]]
**************Family [[Tenrecidae]]: tenrecs
**********Grandorder [[Archonta]]                                            <!-- Archonta placemarker-->
***********Order [[Chiroptera]]: bats
************Suborder [[Megachiroptera]] 
*************Family [[Pteropodidae]]: flying foxes
************Suborder [[Microchiroptera]]
*************Family †[[Archaeonycteridae]]
*************Family †[[Paleochiropterygidae]]
*************Family †[[Hassianycterididae]]
*************Family [[Emballonuridae]]: sac-winged bats
*************Infraorder [[Yinochiroptera]] 
**************Superfamily [[Rhinopomatoidea]] 
***************Family [[Rhinopomatidae]]: mouse-tailed bats
***************Family [[Craseonycteridae]]: bumblebee bats
**************Superfamily [[Rhinolophoidea]]
***************Family [[Megadermatidae]]: false vampire bats
***************Family [[Nycteridae]]: hispid bats
***************Family [[Rhinolophidae]]: horseshoe and Old World leaf-nosed bats
*************Infraorder [[Yangochiroptera]]
**************Family [[Mystacinidae]]: New Zealand short-tailed bats
**************Superfamily [[Noctilionoidea]] 
***************Family [[Noctilionidae]]: fishing bats
***************Family [[Mormoopidae]]: spectacled bats
***************Family [[Phyllostomidae]]: New World leaf-nosed and vampire bats
**************Superfamily [[Vespertilionoidea]] 
***************Family †[[Philisidae]]
***************Family [[Molossidae]]: free-tailed bats
***************Family [[Natalidae]]: funnel-eared bats
***************Family [[Furipteridae]]: smoky bats
***************Family [[Thyropteridae]]: New World sucker-footed bats
***************Family [[Myzopodidae]]: Old World sucker-footed bats
***************Family [[Vespertilionidae]]: common bats
***********Order [[Primates]]: primates
************Family †[[Purgatoriidae]]
************Family †[[Microsyopidae]]
************Family †[[Micromomyidae]]
************Family †[[Picromomyidae]]
************Family †[[Plesiadapidae]]
************Family †[[Palaechthonidae]]
************Family †[[Picrodontidae]]
************Suborder [[Dermoptera]] 
*************Family †[[Paramomyidae]]
*************Family †[[Plagiomenidae]]
*************Family †[[Mixodectidae]]
*************Family [[Galeopithecidae]]: colugos
************Suborder [[Euprimates]] 
*************Infraorder [[Strepsirrhini]] 
**************Family †[[Plesiopithecidae]]
**************Superfamily [[Daubentonioidea]]
***************Family [[Daubentoniidae]]: aye-aye
**************Superfamily [[Lemuroidea]] 
***************Family †[[Adapidae]]
***************Family [[Lemuridae]]: lemurs
**************Superfamily [[Loroidea]] 
***************Family [[Lorisidae]]: lorises and galagos
***************Family [[Cheirogaleidae]]: dwarf lemurs
**************Superfamily [[Indroidea]]
***************Family †[[Archaeolemuridae]]
***************Family †[[Palaeopropithecidae]]
***************Family [[Indriidae]]: indris and sifakas
*************Infraorder [[Haplorhini]] 
**************Parvorder [[Tarsiiformes]] 
***************Superfamily †[[Carpolestoidea]] 
****************Family †[[Carpolestidae]]
***************Superfamily [[Tarsioidea]]
****************Family †[[Omomyidae]]
****************Family †[[Microchoeridae]]
****************Family †[[Afrotarsiidae]]
****************Family [[Tarsiidae]]: tarsiers
**************Parvorder [[Anthropoidea]]
***************Family †[[Eosimiidae]]
***************Family †[[Parapithecidae]]
***************Superfamily [[Cercopithecoidea]]
****************Family †[[Pliopithecidae]]
****************Family [[Cercopithecidae]]: Old World monkeys including colobuses
****************Family [[Hominidae]]: humans, greater apes, lesser apes
***************Superfamily [[Callitrichoidea]] [=[[Ceboidea]] of other authors]
****************Family [[Callitrichidae]]: marmosets
****************Family [[Atelidae]] [=[[Cebidae]] of other authors]: New World monkeys 
***********Order [[Scandentia]]
************Family [[Tupaiidae]]: tree shrews
**********Grandorder [[Ungulata]]: ungulates                    <!-- Ungulata placemarker-->
***********Order [[Tubulidentata]]
************Family [[Orycteropodidae]]: aardvark
***********Order †[[Dinocerata]]
************Family †[[Uintatheriidae]]
***********Mirorder [[Eparctocyona]]
************Order †[[Procreodi]]
*************Family †[[Oxyclaenidae]]
*************Family †[[Arctocyonidae]]
************Order †[[Condylarthra]]
*************Family †[[Hyopsodontidae]]
*************Family †[[Mioclaenidae]]
*************Family †[[Phenacodontidae]]
*************Family †[[Periptychidae]]
*************Family †[[Peligrotheriidae]]
*************Family †[[Didolodontidae]]
************Order †[[Arctostylopida]]
*************Family †[[Arctostylopidae]]
************Order [[Cetacea|Cete]]: whales and relatives
*************Suborder †[[Acreodi]] 
**************Family †[[Triisodontidae]]
**************Family †[[Mesonychidae]]: mesonychids
**************Family †[[Hapalodectidae]]
*************Suborder [[Cetacea]]
**************Infraorder †[[Archaeoceti]] 
***************Family †[[Basilosauridae]]
***************Family †[[Protocetidae]]
***************Family †[[Remingtonocetidae]]
**************Infraorder [[Autoceta]]
***************Family †[[Agorophiidae]]
***************Superfamily †[[Squalodontoidea]] 
****************Family †[[Squalodontidae]]
****************Family †[[Rhabdosteidae]]
***************Parvorder [[Mysticeti]] 
****************Family †[[Aetiocetidae]]
****************Family †[[Mammalodontidae]]
****************Family †[[Cetotheriidae]]
****************Family [[Balaenopteridae]]: rorquals and grey whales
****************Family [[Balaenidae]]: right and bowhead whales
***************Parvorder [[Odontoceti]]
****************Superfamily [[Physeteroidea]] 
*****************Family [[Physeteridae]]: sperm whales
****************Superfamily [[Hyperoodontoidea]] 
*****************Family [[Hyperoodontidae]]: beaked whales
****************Superfamily [[Platanistoidea]]
*****************Family [[Platanistidae]]: river dolphins
****************Superfamily [[Delphinoidea]]
*****************Family [[Delphinidae]]: dolphins
*****************Family [[Pontoporiidae]]: La Plata River dolphin
*****************Family [[Lipotidae]]: baiiji
*****************Family [[Iniidae]]: Amazon River dolphin
*****************Family †[[Kentridontidae]]
*****************Family [[Monodontidae]]: beluga and narwhal
*****************Family †[[Odobenocetopsidae]]
*****************Family †[[Dalpiazinidae]]
*****************Family †[[Acrodelphinidae]]
*****************Family [[Phocoenidae]]: porpoises
*****************Family †[[Albireonidae]]
*****************Family †[[Hemisyntrachelidae]]
************Order [[Artiodactyla]]: even-toed ungulates
*************Suborder [[Suiformes]] 
**************Family †[[Raoellidae]]
**************Family †[[Choeropotamidae]]
**************Superfamily [[Suoidea]]
***************Family [[Suidae]]: pigs
***************Family [[Tayassuidae]]: peccaries
***************Family †[[Santheriidae]]
***************Family [[Hippopotamidae]]: hippos
**************Superfamily †[[Dichobunoidea]] 
***************Family †[[Dichobunidae]]
***************Family †[[Cebochoeridae]]
***************Family †[[Mixtotheriidae]]
*****************Family †[[Helohyidae]]
**************Superfamily †[[Anthracotherioidea]] 
***************Family †[[Haplobunodontidae]]
***************Family †[[Anthracotheriidae]]
**************Superfamily †[[Anoplotherioidea]]
***************Family †[[Dacrytheriidae]]
***************Family †[[Anoplotheriidae]]
***************Family †[[Cainotheriidae]]
**************Superfamily †Oreodontoidea 
***************Family †[[Agriochoeridae]]
***************Family †[[Oreodont]]idae
**************Superfamily †Entelodontoidea 
***************Family †[[Entelodontidae]]
*************Suborder [[Tylopoda]]
**************Family †[[Xiphodontidae]]
**************Superfamily [[Cameloidea]]
***************Family [[Camelidae]]: camels and llamas
***************Family †[[Oromerycidae]]
**************Superfamily †[[Protoceratoidea]] 
***************Family †[[Protoceratidae]]
*************Suborder [[Ruminantia]] 
**************Family †[[Amphimerycidae]]
**************Family †[[Hypertragulidae]]
**************Family [[Tragulidae]]: mouse deer
**************Family †[[Leptomerycidae]]
**************Family †[[Bachitheriidae]]
**************Family †[[Lophiomerycidae]]
**************Family †[[Gelocidae]]
**************Superfamily [[Cervoidea]]
***************Family [[Moschidae]]: musk deer
***************Family [[Antilocapridae]]: pronghorn
***************Family †[[Palaeomerycidae]]
***************Family †[[Hoplitomerycidae]]
***************Family [[Cervidae]]: deer
**************Superfamily [[Giraffoidea]] 
***************Family †[[Climacoceratidae]]
***************Family [[Giraffidae]]: giraffe and okapi
**************Superfamily [[Bovoidea]]
***************Family [[Bovidae]]: cattle, antelope, and relatives
***********Mirorder †[[Meridiungulata]]
************Family †[[Perutheriidae]]
************Family †[[Amilnedwardsiidae]]
************Order †[[Litopterna]]
*************Family †[[Protolipternidae]]
*************Superfamily †[[Macrauchenioidea]] 
**************Family †[[Macraucheniidae]]
**************Family †[[Notonychopidae]]
**************Family †[[Adianthidae]]
*************Superfamily †[[Proterotherioidea]]
**************Family †[[Proterotheriidae]]
************Order †[[Notoungulata]]: notoungulates
*************Suborder †[[Notioprogonia]] 
**************Family †[[Henricosborniidae]]
**************Family †[[Notostylopidae]]
*************Suborder †[[Toxodontia]]
**************Family †[[Isotemnidae]]
**************Family †[[Leontiniidae]]
**************Family †[[Notohippidae]]
**************Family †[[Toxodontidae]]
**************Family †[[Homalodotheriidae]]
*************Suborder †[[Typotheria]]
**************Family †[[Archaeopithecidae]]
**************Family †[[Oldfieldthomasiidae]]
**************Family †[[Interatheriidae]]
**************Family †[[Campanorcidae]]
**************Family †[[Mesotheriidae]]
*************Suborder †[[Hegetotheria]]
**************Family †[[Archaeohyracidae]]
**************Family †[[Hegetotheriidae]]
************Order †[[Astrapotheria]]
*************Family †[[Eoastrapostylopidae]]
*************Family †[[Trigonostylopidae]]
*************Family †[[Astrapotheriidae]]
************Order †[[Xenungulata]]
*************Family †[[Carodniidae]]
************Order †[[Pyrotheria]]
*************Family †[[Pyrotheriidae]]
***********Mirorder [[Altungulata]]
************Order [[Perissodactyla]]: odd-toed ungulates
*************Suborder [[Hippomorpha]]
**************Family [[Equidae]]: horses
**************Family †[[Palaeotheriidae]]
*************Suborder [[Ceratomorpha]]
**************Infraorder †[[Selenida]]
***************Superfamily †[[Brontotherioidea]]
****************Family †[[Brontotheriidae]]
****************Family †[[Anchilophidae]]
***************Superfamily †[[Chalicotherioidea]]
****************Family †[[Eomoropidae]]
****************Family †[[Chalicotheriidae]]
**************Infraorder [[Tapiromorpha]]
***************Superfamily [[Rhinocerotoidea]]
****************Family †[[Hyracodontidae]]
****************Family [[Rhinocerotidae]]: rhinoceroses
***************Superfamily [[Tapiroidea]]
****************Family †[[Helaletidae]]
****************Family †[[Isectolophidae]]
****************Family †[[Lophiodontidae]]
****************Family †[[Deperetellidae]]
****************Family †[[Lophialetidae]]
****************Family [[Tapiridae]]: tapirs
************Order [[Uranotheria]]: elephants, manatees, hyraxes, and relatives
*************Suborder [[Hyracoidea]]
***************Family †[[Pliohyracidae]]
***************Family [[Procaviidae]]: hyraxes
*************Suborder †[[Embrithopoda]] 
**************Family †[[Phenacolophidae]]
**************Family †[[Arsinoitheriidae]]
*************Suborder [[Tethytheria]]
**************Infraorder [[Sirenia]]: manatees, dugong, and sea cow 
***************Family †[[Prorastomidae]]
***************Family [[Dugongidae]]: dugongs
***************Family [[Trichechidae]]: manatees
**************Infraorder [[Behemota]]
***************Parvorder †[[Desmostylia]]
****************Family †[[Desmostylidae]]
***************Parvorder [[Proboscidea]]
****************Family †[[Anthracobunidae]]
****************Family †[[Moeritheriidae]]
****************Family †[[Numidotheriidae]]
****************Family †[[Barytheriidae]]
****************Family †[[Deinotheriidae]]
****************Family †[[Palaeomastodontidae]]
****************Family †[[Phiomiidae]]
****************Family †[[Hemimastodontidae]]
****************Superfamily ‡[[Mammutoidea]]
*****************Family †[[Mammutidae]]: mastodons and relatives
****************Superfamily [[Elephantoidea]]
*****************Family †[[Gomphotheriidae]]: gomphotheres
*****************Family [[Elephantidae]]: modern elephants
</div>

==Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska, and Cifelli classification==
Several important fossil mammal discoveries have been made that have led researchers to question many of the relationships proposed by McKenna and Bell (1997). Additionally, researchers are subjecting taxonomic hypotheses to more rigorous [[cladistic]] analyses of early mammal fossils. Luo et al. (2002) summarized existing ideas and proposed new ideas of relationships among mammals at the most [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] level. They argued that the term mammal should be defined based on characters (especially the dentary-squamosal jaw articulation) instead of a crown-based definition (the group that contains most recent common ancestor of [[monotreme]]s and [[theria]]ns and all of its descendants). Their definition of Mammalia is roughly equal to the [[Mammaliaformes]] as defined by McKenna and Bell (1997) and other authors. They also define their taxonomic levels as clades and do not apply [[Rank (zoology)|Linnean hierarchies]].

'''Mammalia'''
*†''[[Sinoconodon]]'' - earliest and most basal of mammals
*Unnamed clade 1 - a clade that contains all other mammals. These are characterized by [[determinant growth]] and occlusal features of the cheek teeth.
**†[[Morganucodontidae]] - morganucodontids, including †''[[Morganucodon]]'', †''[[Megazostrodon]]'', and others
**†[[Docodonta]] - docodonts, including †''[[Haldanodon]]'' and †''[[Castorocauda]]'' (Ji et al., 2006)
**Unnamed clade 2 - a clade containing all living mammals and some fossil relatives. It is characterized by the loss of a post[[dentary]] trough and a widened braincase.
***†''[[Hadrocodium]]''
***†''[[Kuehneotherium]]''
***Crown-group [[Mammalia]] - the group that contains most recent common ancestor of [[monotreme]]s and [[theria]]ns and all of its descendants. This group is defined by additional characters relating the occlusion of [[Molar (tooth)|molar]]s and the presence of a well-developed [[masseteric fossa]].
****[[Australosphenida]] - a clade that contains [[monotreme]]s and their fossil relatives. These fossils include †''[[Ambondro]]'', †''[[Asfaltomylos]]'', †''[[Ausktribosphenos]]'', and †''Bishops''. If correct, this clade represents an independent evolution of the [[tribosphenic]] molar in [[Gondwana|southern continents]].
****[[Trechnotheria]] - [[Theria]]ns, [[Spalacotheriidae|spalacotheriids]] and their relatives. They are characterized by features of the [[scapula]], [[tibia]], and [[humerus]].
*****†[[Spalacotheriidae]] - including ''[[Akidolestes]]'', ''[[Zhangheotherium]]'', and ''[[Maotherium]]''.
*****[[Cladotheria]] - Therians, [[Dryolestidae|dryolestids]], and their relatives. They are characterized by features of the tribosphenic molar and the [[angular process]] of the [[dentary]].
******†[[Dryolestidae]]
******†''[[Amphitherium]]'' - ''[[incertae sedis]]'' (it may be a prototribosphenidan)
******[[Prototribosphenida]] - Therians and fossil relatives including †''[[Vincelestes]]''. Characterized by features of the [[cochlea]] including coiling.
*******†''[[Vincelestes]]''
*******[[Zatheria]] - Therians and fossil relatives including the "peramurids". Characterized by the presence of wear in the [[talonid]] of the lower molars.
********†"[[Peramuridae]]" - †''[[Peramus]]'' and relatives. Known only from preserved mandibles and distinctly zatherian molars.
********[[Boreosphenida]] - Therians and fossil relatives including †''[[Kielantherium]]''. They are characterized by molar features.
*********†''[[Kielantherium]]''
*********†[[Deltatheroida]] including †''[[Deltatheridium]]'' - ''incertae sedis'' (it may represent a metatherian)
*********Crown-group [[Theria]] - the group that contains most recent common ancestor of [[marsupial]]s and [[placental]]s and all of its descendants. Characterized by a host of molar features, aspects of the [[alispenoid]], and aspects of the [[talus bone|astragalus]] region.
****†[[Eutriconodonta]] - ''incertae sedis''. [[Triconodont]]s appear to be a member of the crown-Mammalia clade, but their relationships within it are unknown. It is also not certain that they represent a [[monophyly|monophyletic]] group. Examples include ''[[Repenomamus]]''.
***†[[Multituberculata]] - ''incertae sedis''. Luo e al. (2002) argue that multituberculates cannot be confidently placed in a particular clade of mammals. They suggest that they represent either basal mammals or are sister to the Trechnotheria.

==Simplified classification for non-specialists==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2015}}
The following classification is a simplified version based on current understanding suitable for non-specialists who want to understand how living genera are related to each other. The classification ignores differences in levels and thus cannot be used to estimate the respective distances between taxa. It also ignores taxa that became extinct in pre-historic times. Finally, English names are preferred whenever they exist. This makes it especially suited for non-specialists who wish to gain an easy overview. For the full picture, the non-simplified versions above should be consulted.

*Monotremes (prototheria): echidnas and platypus				
**Platypus (ornithorhynchids)
**Echidnas (tachyglossids)			
*Live-bearing mammals (theria)				
**Marsupials	
***Opossums (didelphids)									
***Shrew opossums (caenolestids)	
***Australodelphia: Australian marsupials and monito del Monte										
****Monito del Monte									
****Dasyuromorphs									
*****Dasyurids: antechinuses, quolls, dunnarts, Tasmanian devil, and allies								
*****Numbat								
****Peramelemorphs: bilbies and bandicoots									
*****Bilbies (thylacomyids)								
*****Bandicoots (peramelids)								
****Marsupial moles (notoryctids)									
****Diprotodonts									
*****Koala								
*****Wombats (vombatids)								
*****Phalangerids: brushtail possums and cuscuses								
*****Pygmy possums (burramyids)								
*****Honey possum								
*****Petaurids: striped and Leadbeater's possums, and yellow-bellied, suger, mahogany and squirrel glider
*****Ringtailed possums (pseudocheirids)								
*****Potorids: potoroos, rat kangaroos and bettongs								
*****Acrobatids: feathertail glider and feather-tailed possum								
*****Musky rat-kangaroo								
*****Macropods: kangaroos, wallabies and allies
**Placentals											
***Atlantic placentals (atlantogenatans)										
****Afroplacentals (afrotherians)									
*****Afroinsectiphilians: elephant shrews, tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles, and aardvark
******Elephant shrews (macroscelidids)							
******Afrosoricids: tenrecs and golden moles							
*******Tenrecids: tenrecs and otter shrews						
*******Golden moles (chrysochlorids)						
******Aardvark							
*****Paenungulates: hyraxes, elephants, dugongs and manatees								
******Hyraxes or dassies (procaviids)							
******Elephants (elephantids)							
******Sirenians: dugong and manatees							
*******Dugong						
*******Manatees (trichechids)						
****Xenarthrans									
*****Pilosans: sloths and anteaters								
******Anteaters (vermilinguans)							
*******Silky anteater						
*******Myrmecophagids: giant anteater and tamanduas						
******Sloths (folivorans)							
*******Three-toed sloths (bradypodids)						
*******Two-toed sloths (megalonychids)						
*****Armadillos (dasypodids)								
***Northern placentals (boreoeutherians)										
****Supraprimates (euarchontoglires)									
*****Euarchontans: treeshrews, colugos and primates								
******Treeshrews (scandentians)							
*******Tupaiids: all treeshrews except pen-tailed						
*******Pen-tailed treeshrew						
******Colugos or flying lemurs (cynocephalids)							
******Primates							
*******Strepsirrhines: lemur- and loris-like primates						
********Lemur-like primates (lemuriforms)					
*********Cheirogaleids: dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs				
*********Aye-aye				
*********True lemurs (lemurids)				
*********Sportive lemurs (lepilemurids)				
*********Indriids: woolly lemurs and allies				
********Loris-like primates (lorisiforms)					
*********Lorisids: lorises, pottos and allies				
*********Galagos (galagids)				
*******Haplorhines: tarsiers, monkeys and apes						
********Tarsiers (tarsiids)					
********Anthropoid primates					
*********New World monkeys (platyrrhines)				
**********Callitrichids: marmosets and tamarins			
**********Cebids: capuchins and squirrel monkeys			
**********Aotids: night or owl monkeys			
**********Pitheciids: titis, sakis and uakaris			
**********Atelids: howler, spider, woolly spider, and woolly monkeys			
*********Catarrhines				
**********Old World monkeys (cercopithecids)			
**********Hominoid primates			
***********Gibbons (hylobatids)		
***********Great apes (hominids): incl. Humans		
*****Glires: pikas, rabbits, hares, and rodents								
******Lagomorphs: pikas, rabbits and hares							
*******Leporids: rabbits and hares						
*******Pikas (ochotonids)						
******Rodents							
*******Anomalure-like rodents (anomaluromorphs): Scaly-tailed squirrels and springhares						
********Scaly-tailed squirrels or anomalures (anomalurids)					
********Springhares (pedetids)					
*******Beaver-like rodents (castorimorphs)						
********Beavers (castorids)					
********Gopher-like rodents (geomyoid rodents)					
*********Pocket or true gophers (geomyids)				
*********Heteromyids: kangaroo rats and kangaroo mice				
*******Porcupine-like rodents (hystricomorphs)						
********Laotian rock rat					
********Gundis (ctenodactylids)					
********Hystricognaths					
*********African mole rats (bathyergids)				
*********Old World porcupines (hystricids)				
*********Dassie rat				
*********Cane rats (thryonomyids)				
*********Cavy-like rodents (caviomorphs)				
**********Chinchilla rats (abrocomids)			
**********Hutias (capromyids)			
**********Cavies (caviids): incl. Guinea pigs and capybara			
**********Chinchillids: chinchillas and viscachas			
**********Tuco-tucos (ctenomyids)			
**********Agoutis (dasyproctids)			
**********Pacas (cuniculids)			
**********Pacarana			
**********Spiny rats (echymyids)			
**********New World porcupines (erethizontids)			
**********Myocastorids: nutria and coypu			
**********Octodonts (octodontids): Andean rock-rats, degus and viscacha-rats			
*******Mouse-like rodents (myomorphs)						
********Dipodids: jerboas and jumping mice					
********Muroid rodents					
*********Mouse-like hamsters (calomyscids)				
*********Cricetids: hamsters, New World rats and mice, voles				
*********Murids: true mice and rats, gerbils, spiny mice, crested rat				
*********Nesomyids: climbing mice, rock mice, white-tailed rat, Malagasy rats and mice				
*********Spiny dormice (platacanthomyids)				
*********Spalacids: mole rats, bamboo rats, and zokors				
*******Squirrel-like rodents (sciuromorphs)						
********Mountain beaver					
********Dormice (glirids)					
********Squirrels (sciurids): incl. chipmunks, prairie dogs, and marmots					
****Laurasian placentals (laurasiatherians)									
*****Hedgehogs (erinaceids)								
*****Soricomorphs: moles, shrews, solenodons								
******Shrews (soricids)							
******Moles (talpids)							
******Solenodons (solenodontids)							
*****Ferungulates: ungulates, cetaceans, bats, pangolins and carnivorans								
******Cetartiodactyls: even-toed ungulates and cetaceans							
*******Camelids: camels and llamas						
*******Swine (suinans): pigs and peccaries						
********Pigs (suids)					
********Peccaries (tayassuids)					
*******Cetruminantians: cetaceans, hippos and ruminants						
********Cetancodonts: cetaceans and hippos					
*********Cetaceans: Whales, dolphins and porpoises				
**********Baleen whales (mysticetes)			
***********Balaenids: right whales and bowhead whale		
***********Rorquals (balaenopterids)		
***********Gray whale		
***********Pygmy right whale		
**********Toothed whales (odontocetes)			
***********Dolphins (delphinids)		
***********Monodontids: beluga and narwhal		
************Beluga	
************Narwhal	
***********Porpoises (phocoenids)		
***********Sperm whale		
***********Kogiids: pygmy and dwarf sperm whale		
***********River dolphins (platanistoid whales)		
************Iniids: Amazon and Bolivian river dolphin	
************La Plata dolphin	
************Platanistids: Ganges and Indus river dolphins	
***********Beaked whales (ziphids)		
*********Hippos (hippopotamids)				
********Ruminantiamorphs: chevrotains, pronghorn, giraffes, musk deer, deer, and bovids					
*********Chevrotains (tragulids)				
*********Pecorans				
**********Pronghorn			
**********Giraffids: giraffe and okapi			
**********Musk deer (moschids)			
**********Deer (cervids)			
**********Bovids: cattle, goats, sheep and antelope			
******Pegasoferans: bats, odd-toed ungulates, pangolins and carnivorans							
*******Bats (chiropterans)						
********Megabats (pteropodids)					
********Microbats (microchiropterans)					
*********Sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats (emballonurids)				
*********Rhinopomatoid bats				
**********Mouse-tailed bats (rhinopomatids)			
**********Bumblebee bat or Kitti's hog-nosed bat			
*********Rhinolophoid bats				
**********Horseshoe bats (rhinolophids)			
**********Hollow-faced or slit-faced bats (nycterids)			
**********False vampires (megadermatids)			
*********Vesper bats or evening bats (vespertilionids)				
*********Molossoid bats				
**********Free-tailed bats (molossids)			
**********Pallid bats (antrozoids)			
*********Nataloid bats				
**********Funnel-eared bats (natalids)			
**********Sucker-footed bats (myzopodids)			
**********Disc-winged bats (thyropterids)			
**********Smoky bats (furipterids)			
*********Noctilionoid bats				
**********Bulldog or fisherman bats (noctilionids)			
**********New Zealand short-tailed bats (mystacinids)			
**********Ghost-faced or moustached bats (mormoopids)			
**********Leaf-nosed bats (phyllostomids)			
*******Zooamatans: odd-toed ungulates, pangolins and carnivorans						
********Odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls)					
*********Horses (equids)				
*********Ceratomorphs				
**********Tapirs (tapirids)			
**********Rhinoceroses (rhinocerotids)			
********Ferans					
*********Pangolins or scaly anteaters (manids)				
*********Carnivorans				
**********Cat-like carnivorans (feliforms)			
***********African palm civet		
***********Feloid carnivorans		
************Asiatic linsangs (prionodontids)	
************Cats (felids)
***********Viverroid carnivorans		
************Viverrids: civets and allies	
************Herpestoid carnivorans	
*************Hyaenids: hyenas and aardwolf
*************Malagasy carnivorans (euplerids)
*************Herpestids: mongooses and allies
**********Dog-like carnivorans (caniforms)			
***********Canids: dogs and allies		
***********Arctoid carnivorans		
************Bears (ursids)	
************Musteloid carnivorans	
*************Red panda
*************Mephitids: skunks and stink badgers
*************Mustelids: weasels, martens, badgers, wolverines, minks, ferrets and otters
*************Procyonids: raccoons and allies
************Pinnipeds	
*************Walrus
*************Otariids: sea lions, eared seals, fur seals
*************True seals (phocids)

==See also==
*[[Animal]]
*[[List of mammals]]
*[[List of prehistoric mammals]]
*[[Mammal]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Mammalia}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=George Gaylord |year=1945 |title=The principles of classification and a classification of mammals |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=85 |pages=1–350 |hdl=2246/1104 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1104}}
* Wilson, Don E. and Deeann M. Reeder (eds). (1993.) ''Mammal Species of the World''. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1206 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|1-56098-217-9}}
* McKenna, Malcolm C. and Bell, Susan K. (1997.) ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-231-11013-8}}
* Nowak, Ronald M. (1999.) ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-8018-5789-9}}
* Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan and Nicholas J. Capzaplewski. (2000.) ''Mammalogy: Fourth Edition''. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-03-025034-X}} (Brooks Cole, 1999)
* {{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Z.-X. |last2=Kielan-Jaworowska |first2=Z. |last3=Cifelli |first3=R. L. |year=2002 |title=In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=47 |pages=1–78}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Springer |first1=Mark S. |last2=Stanhope |first2=Michael J. |last3=Madsen |first3=Ole |last4=Wilfried |year=2004 |title=Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree |journal=Trends in Ecology and Evolution |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=430–438 |url=http://www.zi.ku.dk/evolbiology/courses/ME04/7_9/springer200-phyl.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2004.05.006 |pmid=16701301|s2cid=1508898 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ji |first1=Q. |last2=Luo |first2=Z.-X. |last3=Yuan |first3=C.-X. |last4=Tabrum |first4=A. R. |year=2006 |title=A swimming mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals |journal=Science |volume=311 |issue=5764 |pages=1123–1127 |doi=10.1126/science.1123026 |pmid=16497926|bibcode=2006Sci...311.1123J |s2cid=46067702 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13437/files/PAL_E249.pdf }}

[[Category:Mammal taxonomy|Mammal classification]]
[[Category:Systems of animal taxonomy]]