Editing Managerial grid model

{{Short description|Behavioral leadership model}}
{{No footnotes|date=March 2014}}
[[File:Management Grid.PNG|thumb|280px|A graphical representation of the Managerial Grid]]
{{Strategy}}
The '''managerial grid model''' or '''managerial grid theory''' (1964) is a model, developed by [[Robert R. Blake]] and [[Jane Mouton]], of [[leadership style]]s.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Blake
 |first1               = Robert Rogers
 |author-link1         = Robert R. Blake
 |last2                = Mouton
 |first2               = Jane Srygley
 |author-link2         = Jane Srygley Mouton
 |year                 = 1961
 |title                = The Managerial Grid: Problems and Possibilities of Improving Production Through Participation of People
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=oapXAAAAYAAJ
 |publisher            = University of Texas
 |access-date          = 14 June 2024
}} 
</ref>

This model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the ''concern for people'' and the ''concern for [[Production (economics)|production]]''.

The optimal leadership style in this model is based on [[Theory Y]].

The grid theory has continued to evolve and develop. The theory was updated with two additional leadership styles and with a new element, [[Psychological resilience|resilience]].{{cn|date=June 2024}}

In 1999, the grid managerial seminar began using a new text, ''The Power to Change''.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = McKee
 |first1               = Rachel K.
 |last2                = Carlson
 |first2               = Bruce
 |year                 = 1999
 |title                = The Power to Change
 |publication-place    = Austin, Texas
 |publisher            = Grid International Inc.
 |isbn                 = 
}} 
</ref>

'''The model''' is represented as a grid with ''concern for production'' as the [[x-axis]] and ''concern for people'' as the [[y-axis]]; each axis ranges from 1 (Low) to 9 (High). The resulting leadership styles are as follows:

* The '''indifferent''' (previously called impoverished) style (1,1): evade and elude. In this style, managers have low concern for both people and production. Managers use this style to preserve job and job seniority, protecting themselves by avoiding getting into trouble. The main concern for the manager is not to be held responsible for any mistakes, which results in less [[innovation | innovative]] decisions.
*The '''accommodating''' (previously, country club) style (1,9): yield and comply.  This style has a high concern for people and a low concern for production. Managers using this style pay much attention to the security and comfort of the employees, in hopes that this will increase [[performance]]. The resulting atmosphere is usually friendly, but not necessarily very productive.
*The '''dictatorial'''  (previously, produce or perish) style (9,1): in return. Managers using this style pressure their employees through rules and punishments to achieve the company goals. This dictatorial style is based on [[Theory X]] of [[Douglas McGregor]], and is commonly applied in companies on the edge of real or perceived failure. This style is often used in cases of crisis management.
* The '''[[status quo]]''' (previously, middle-of-the-road) style (5,5): balance and compromise. Managers using this style try to balance between company goals and workers' needs. By giving some concern to both people and production, managers who use this style hope to achieve suitable performance but doing so gives away a bit of each concern so that neither production nor people needs are met.
* The '''sound''' (previously, team) style ''(9,9)'': contribute and commit. In this style, high concern is paid both to people and production. As suggested by the propositions of Theory Y, managers choosing to use this style encourage [[teamwork]] and [[commitment (disambiguation) | commitment]] among employees. This method relies heavily on making employees feel themselves to be constructive parts of the company.
* The '''[[opportunism|opportunistic]]''' style: [[Exploitation of labour|exploit]] and [[Psychological manipulation|manipulate]]. Individuals using this style, which was added{{cn|date=June 2024}} to the grid theory before 1999, do not have a fixed location on the grid. They adopt whichever behaviour offers the greatest personal benefit.
* The '''[[paternalism|paternalistic]]''' style: prescribe and guide. This style was added to the grid theory before 1999. In ''The Power to Change'', it was redefined to alternate between the (1,9) and (9,1) locations on the grid.{{cn|date=June 2024}} Managers using this style praise and support, but discourage challenges to their thinking.

== Behavioral elements ==

Grid theory breaks behavior down into seven key elements:<ref>{{cite book|author=Marc Helmold|title=New Work, Transformational and Virtual Leadership: Lessons from COVID-19 and Other Crises|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPQTEAAAQBAJ|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2021|page=74|isbn=978-3-030-63315-8}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
! Element !! Description
|-
| ''Initiative'' || Taking action, driving and supporting
|-
| ''Inquiry'' || Questioning, researching and verifying understanding
|-
| ''Advocacy'' || Expressing convictions and championing ideas
|-
| ''Decision making'' || Evaluating resources, choices and consequences
|-
| ''Conflict resolution'' || Confronting and resolving disagreements
|-
| ''Resilience'' || Dealing with problems, setbacks and failures
|-
| ''Critique'' || Delivering objective, candid feedback
|}

== See also ==
* [[Behavior modification]]
* [[Leadership]]
* [[Three levels of leadership model]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book |last1=Blake|first1=R.|last2=Mouton|first2=J.|title=The Managerial Grid: The Key to Leadership Excellence |year=1964|publisher=Gulf Publishing Co.|location=Houston}}
* {{cite book |last1=Blake|first1=R.|last2=Mouton|first2=J.|title=The Managerial Grid III: The Key to Leadership Excellence |year=1985|publisher=Gulf Publishing Co.|location=Houston}}
* {{cite book |last1=McKee|first1=R.|last2=Carlson|first2=B.|title=The Power to Change|year=1999|publisher=Grid International Inc.|location=Austin, Texas}}

{{Strategic planning tools}}
[[Category:Organizational behavior]]
[[Category:Leadership]]