Editing Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II

{{Short description|Romanization system for Mandarin}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| t = 國語注音符號第二式
| s = 国语注音符号第二式
| p = Guóyǔ Zhùyīn Fúhào Dì'èr Shì
| mps = Guóyǔ Jùyīn Fúhàu Dì'èr Shr̀
| w = {{tonesup|Kuo2-yü3 Chu4-in1 Fu2-hau4 Ti4-er4 Shih4}}
| bpmf = ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄩˇ ㄓㄨˋ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄦˋ ㄕˋ
| j = gwok3 jyu5 zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou6*2 dai6 ji6 sik1
| y = Gwok'yúh Jyuyām Fùhhóu Daihyih Sīk
}}
'''Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II''' ('''MPS II''') is a [[romanization]] system formerly used in [[Taiwan]].  It was created to replace the complex [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]] system, which used [[Standard_Chinese_phonology#Tones|tonal]] spelling—and to co-exist with the [[Wade–Giles]] romanization as well as [[bopomofo]]. It is sometimes referred to as '''Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2''' or '''GR2'''.

== History ==
Based on the earlier and more complex [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]], the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984, by the [[Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education]] under the [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] administration. After two years of feedback from the general public, the official version was established on January 28, 1986.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Pinyin Info |date=March 10, 2004 |title=MPS2 |url=http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/}}</ref> To distinguish bopomofo ({{zhi|t=注音符號|p=zhùyīn fúhào}}) from MPS II, the former is officially called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" ({{lang|zh|國語注音符號第一式}}).

Despite its official status for almost two decades until it was replaced by [[Tongyong Pinyin]] in 2002, MPS II existed only in some governmental publications (such as travel brochures and dictionaries). However, MPS II was not used for the official romanized names of Taiwanese places, though many road signs replaced during this period use it. It never gained the same status as did [[Wade–Giles]]. It is virtually unused overseas.

== Table ==
=== Initials ===
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| !!colspan=2|[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]!![[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
!colspan=2|[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]!!colspan=2|[[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]!![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|-
!colspan=2|[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| ||[[Bilabial nasal|'''<big>m</big>''' {{IPA|[m]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄇ}} m|| || ||[[Alveolar nasal|'''<big>n</big>''' {{IPA|[n]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄋ}} n|| || || ||
|-
!rowspan=2|[[Plosive]]!![[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
|[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|'''<big>b</big>''' {{IPA|[p]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄅ}} b|| ||
|[[Voiceless alveolar plosive|'''<big>d</big>''' {{IPA|[t]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄉ}} d|| || || ||
|[[Voiceless velar plosive|'''<big>g</big>''' {{IPA|[k]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄍ}} g
|-
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|'''<big>p</big>''' {{IPA|[pʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄆ}} p|| ||
|[[Voiceless alveolar plosive|'''<big>t</big>''' {{IPA|[tʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄊ}} t|| || || ||
|[[Voiceless velar plosive|'''<big>k</big>''' {{IPA|[kʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄎ}} k
|-
!rowspan=2|[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]!![[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
| || || ||[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|'''<big>tz</big>''' {{IPA|[ts]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}} z||
|[[Voiceless retroflex affricate|'''<big>j</big>''' {{IPA|[ʈʂ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄓ}} zh||
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|'''<big>j</big>''' {{IPA|[tɕ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄐ}} j||
|-
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
| || || ||[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|'''<big>ts</big>''' {{IPA|[tsʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄘ}} c||
|[[Voiceless retroflex affricate|'''<big>ch</big>''' {{IPA|[ʈʂʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄔ}} ch||
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|'''<big>ch</big>''' {{IPA|[tɕʰ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄑ}} q||
|-
!colspan=2|[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| || ||[[Voiceless labiodental fricative|'''<big>f</big>''' {{IPA|[f]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄈ}} f
|[[Voiceless alveolar sibilant|'''<big>s</big>''' {{IPA|[s]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄙ}} s||
|[[Voiceless retroflex sibilant|'''<big>sh</big>''' {{IPA|[ʂ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄕ}} sh||
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|'''<big>sh</big>''' {{IPA|[ɕ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄒ}} x
|[[Voiceless velar fricative|'''<big>h</big>''' {{IPA|[x]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄏ}} h
|-
!colspan=2|[[Liquid consonant|Liquid]]
| || || || ||[[Alveolar lateral approximant|'''<big>l</big>''' {{IPA|[l]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄌ}} l|| ||[[Voiced retroflex sibilant|'''<big>r</big>''' {{IPA|[ɻ~ʐ]|cat=no}}]]<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} r|| ||
|}

=== Finals ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|
! colspan="12" |Coda
|-
!colspan=3|∅!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/u/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/n/}}!! colspan="2" |{{IPA|/ŋ/}}!!{{IPA|/ɻ/}}
|-
!rowspan=4|Medial
!∅
|'''<big>r/z</big>''' {{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄭ}}[[File:MoeKai Bopomofo U+312D.svg|15px]] -i||'''<big>e</big>''' {{IPA|[ɤ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄜ}} e||'''<big>a</big>''' {{IPA|[a]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄚ}} a
|'''<big>ei</big>''' {{IPA|[ei]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄟ}} ei||'''<big>ai</big>''' {{IPA|[ai]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄞ}} ai
|'''<big>ou</big>''' {{IPA|[ou]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄡ}} ou||'''<big>au</big>''' {{IPA|[au]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄠ}} ao
|'''<big>en</big>''' {{IPA|[ən]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄣ}} en||'''<big>an</big>''' {{IPA|[an]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄢ}} an
|'''<big>eng</big>''' {{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄥ}} eng||'''<big>ang</big>''' {{IPA|[aŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄤ}} ang
|'''<big>er</big>''' {{IPA|[aɚ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄦ}} er
|-
!{{IPA|/j/}}
|'''<big>i</big>''' {{IPA|[i]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧ}} i||'''<big>ie</big>''' {{IPA|[je]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄝ}} ie||'''<big>ia</big>''' {{IPA|[ja]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄚ}} ia
| ||
|'''<big>iou</big>''' {{IPA|[jou]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄡ}} iu||'''<big>iau</big>''' {{IPA|[jau]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄠ}} iao
|'''<big>in</big>''' {{IPA|[in]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄣ}} in||'''<big>ian</big>''' {{IPA|[jɛn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄢ}} ian
|'''<big>ing</big>''' {{IPA|[iŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄥ}} ing||'''<big>iang</big>''' {{IPA|[jaŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄧㄤ}} iang
|
|-
!{{IPA|/w/}}
|'''<big>u</big>''' {{IPA|[u]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨ}} u||'''<big>uo</big>''' {{IPA|[wo]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄛ}} uo||'''<big>ua</big>''' {{IPA|[wa]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄚ}} ua
|'''<big>uei</big>''' {{IPA|[wei]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄟ}} ui||'''<big>uai</big>''' {{IPA|[wai]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄞ}} uai
| ||
|'''<big>uen</big>''' {{IPA|[wən]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄣ}} un||'''<big>uan</big>''' {{IPA|[wan]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄢ}} uan
|'''<big>ung</big>''' {{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄥ}} ong
|'''<big>uang</big>''' {{IPA|[waŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄨㄤ}} uang
|
|-
!{{IPA|/y/}}
|'''<big>iu</big>''' {{IPA|[y]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩ}} ü||'''<big>iue</big>''' {{IPA|[ɥe]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄝ}} üe||
| ||
| ||
|'''<big>iun</big>''' {{IPA|[yn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄣ}} ün||'''<big>iuan</big>''' {{IPA|[ɥɛn]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄢ}} üan
|'''<big>iung</big>''' {{IPA|[jʊŋ]}}<br>{{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄩㄥ}} iong
|
|
|}

== Features ==
{{RCL}}
* Indication of tone by respelling, as used in [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]], is eliminated. Syllables are spelled like its tone one for non-nasal initials, and like tone two for nasal initials. Tone is then marked with four [[diacritic]]s identical to Zhuyin's.
* The romanization of the consonants is identical to Gwoyeu Romatzyh's.
* The empty rime {{IPA|/ɨ/}} is treated in the same way as [[Yale romanization of Mandarin|Yale romanization]]:
** It uses ''r'' for both:
*** {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄖ}} (pinyin ''r''), and
*** what is written in pinyin as ''i'' after ''zh'', ''ch'', ''sh'', ''r''. (The use of  ''r'' has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
** It uses ''z'' for both:
*** {{Lang|zh-Bopo|ㄗ}} (pinyin ''z''), and
*** what is written in pinyin as ''i'' after ''z'', ''c'', ''s''. (The use of ''z'' has a tonal diacritic on it and is always final.)
*** The ''z'' is not written after ''tz'' (no ''tzz''), however. ''Tz'' corresponds to Pinyin ''zi'' (and Yale ''dz'').
* Like GR, ''-iou'', ''-uen'', and ''-uei'' are all written out, unlike the [[Pinyin]]/[[Wade-Giles|Wade]] ''-iu'', ''-un'', and ''-ui''.
* GR's ''au'' persists, as opposed to the ''ao'' of [[Pinyin]], [[Wade-Giles]], and the later [[Tongyong Pinyin]].
* GR's ''iu'' (Pinyin ''ü'') is written as ''-iu'' and ''yu'' (alone).
* GR's ''-ong'' is spelled now ''-ung'' (like [[Wade-Giles]]).
* GR's ''el'' is spelled now ''er'' (like [[Pinyin]]).
* ''Y-'' and ''w-'' are added to or replace ''i'' and ''u'' (respectively), similarly to Gwoyeu Romatzyh and identical to Pinyin.

An example phrase, "The second type of Chinese phonetic symbols":

{| {{Table}}
|-
! Hanzi
| {{Lang|zh|國語注音符號第二式}}
|-
! Pinyin
| ''guóyǔ zhùyīn fúhào dì'èr shì''
|-
! MPS II
| ''guó-yǔ jù-yīn fú-hàu dì-èr shr̀''
|-
! GR
| ''gwoyeu juh'in fwuhaw dih'ell shyh''
|}

[[Space (punctuation)|Space]]s are generally used in place of [[hyphen]]s, except in personal [[name]]s, which use hyphens in between the syllables of the [[given name]]s.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.archchinese.com/arch_pinyin_table.html Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table] The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in standard Mandarin, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
* [http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/basic.html Conversion chart (syllable level)]
* [http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/mps2/book/ ROC government booklet on MPS II (in English and Chinese)]
* [http://www.romanization.com/tongyong/mps2.html Taiwan's official romanization system: MPS2]

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{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese in Taiwan|Official romanization adopted<br> by the Republic of China (Taiwan)]]|before=[[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]]|after=[[Tongyong Pinyin]]|years=1986-2002}}
{{End box}}

{{Chinese language}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Ii}}
[[Category:Romanization of Chinese]]