Editing Manfred Eigen

{{Short description|German biophysical chemist (1927–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Manfred Eigen
| image             = Eigen,Manfred 1996 Göttingen.jpg
| image_size        = 220px
| caption           = Manfred Eigen, Göttingen 1996
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1927|05|09|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Bochum]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|2019|02|06|1927|05|09|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Göttingen]], Germany
| residence         =
| nationality       = [[Germany|German]]
| alma_mater        = [[University of Göttingen]]
| thesis_title      = Ermittlung der molekularen Struktur reiner Flüssigkeiten und Lösungen aus thermischen und kalorischen Eigenschaften
| thesis_url        = http://worldcat.org/oclc/73966255
| thesis_year       = 1951
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Arnold Eucken]]<ref name=mathgene>{{MathGenealogy|id=57934}}</ref>
| doctoral_students = [[Geoffrey W. Hoffmann|Geoffrey Hoffmann]]
| known_for         = {{Plainlist|
*[[Flash photolysis]]
*[[Temperature jump|Temperature jump method]]
*[[Hypercycle (chemistry)|Hypercycle]]
*[[Quasispecies model]]
*[[Diffusion-limited enzyme]]
*[[Hydronium#Solvation|Eigen cation]]
*[[Associative substitution#Eigen-Wilkins mechanism|Eigen-Wilkins mechanism]]
*[[Error threshold (evolution)#Eigen's Paradox|Eigen paradox]]}}
| website           = {{URL|http://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/14858258/Manfred_Eigen|Official listing at Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry }}
| field             = [[Biophysical chemistry]]
| work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
* [[Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry]]
* [[Braunschweig University of Technology]]}}
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Otto Hahn Prize]] (1962)
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1967)<ref name=nobel/>
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (1973)<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030402/https://royalsociety.org/people/manfred-eigen-11384/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/manfred-eigen-11384/|title=Professor Manfred Eigen ForMemRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London}}</ref>}} 
}}

[[File:Queen Beatrix meets Nobel Laureates in 1983c.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Dutch Queen Beatrix]] meets five Nobel prize winners (1983): [[Paul Berg]], [[Christian de Duve]], [[Steven Weinberg]], Manfred Eigen & [[Nicolaas Bloembergen]] ]]

'''Manfred Eigen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈmanˌfʁeːt ˈaɪ̯ɡn̩|-|De-Manfred Eigen.ogg}}; 9 May 1927 – 6 February 2019) was a German [[Biophysical chemistry|biophysical chemist]] who won the 1967 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]<ref name=nobel>{{Citation|pmid=4860395|last1=Weisskopf|first1=V. F.|last2=Eyring|first2=H.|last3=Eyring|first3=E. M.|publication-date=10 November 1967|year=1967|title=Nobel Prizes: 4 named for international award (Hans Bethe, Manfred Eigen, R.G. Norrish, George Porter)|volume=158|issue=3802|periodical=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|pages=745–8|doi=10.1126/science.158.3802.745|bibcode=1967Sci...158..745W}}</ref> for work on measuring fast chemical reactions.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|pmid=3300805|last=Winkler-Oswatitsch|first=R.|publication-date=9 May 1987|year=1987|title=Manfred Eigen. Scientist and musician|volume=26|issue=2–3|periodical=Biophys. Chem.|pages=109–15|doi=10.1016/0301-4622(87)80015-7|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Eigen's research helped solve major problems in physical chemistry and aided in the understanding of chemical processes that occur in living organisms.

In later years, he explored the biochemical roots of life and evolution. He worked to install a multidisciplinary program at the [[Max Planck Institute]] to study the underpinnings of life at the molecular level. His work was hailed for creating a new scientific and technological discipline: evolutionary [[biotechnology]].<ref name=BG/>

==Education and early life==
Eigen was born on 9 May 1927 in [[Bochum]],<ref name=":1">{{Citation|pmid=3300802|publication-date=9 May 1987|year=1987|title=Manfred Eigen Festschrift: special issue dedicated to Professor Manfred Eigen on the occasion of his 60th birthday|volume=26|issue=2–3|periodical=Biophys. Chem.|pages=101–390}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation|pmid=17029872|last=Schlögl|first=R. W.|publication-date=30 June 1997|year=1997|title=To Manfred Eigen on his 70th birthday|volume=66|issue=2–3|periodical=Biophys. Chem.|pages=71–3|doi = 10.1016/S0301-4622(97)00075-6}}</ref> the son of Ernst and Hedwig (Feld) Eigen, a chamber musician.<ref name="Nobel_biographical"/> As a child he developed a deep passion for music, and studied piano.<ref name=BG/>

[[World War II]] interrupted his formal education. At age fifteen he was drafted into service in a German antiaircraft unit. He was captured by the Americans toward the end of the war.<ref name="WoS">{{cite web |url=https://www.webofstories.com/playAll/manfred.eigen?sId=11026 |title=Manfred Eigen – Web of Stories |website=Web of Stories |access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref> He managed to escape (he said later that escape was relatively easy),<ref name=BG/> and walked hundreds of miles across defeated Germany, arriving in Göttingen in 1945. He lacked the necessary documentation for acceptance to university,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Creativity: The psychology of discovery and invention|last=Czikszentmihalyi|first=Mihaly|publisher=Harper Perennial|year=2013|pages=54}}</ref> but was admitted after he demonstrated his knowledge in an exam. He entered the university's first postwar class.

Eigen desired to study physics, but since returning soldiers who were enrolled previously received priority, he enrolled in Geophysics. He earned an undergraduate degree and began graduate study in natural sciences. One of his advisors was [[Werner Heisenberg]], the noted proponent of the [[uncertainty principle]].<ref name=BG/> He received his doctorate in 1951.

==Career and research==
Eigen received his Ph.D. at the [[University of Göttingen]] in 1951 under supervision of [[Arnold Eucken]].<ref name=mathgene/> In 1964 he presented the results of his research at a meeting of the [[Faraday Society]] in London. His findings demonstrated for the first time that it was possible to determine the rates of chemical reactions that occurred during time intervals as brief as a nanosecond.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Beginning in 1953 Eigen worked at the [[Max Planck Institute]] for Physical Chemistry in [[Göttingen]], becoming its director in 1964 and joining it with the Max Planck Institute for Spectroscopy to become the [[Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry]]. He was an honorary professor of the [[Braunschweig University of Technology]]. From 1982 to 1993, Eigen was president of the [[German National Merit Foundation]]. Eigen was a member of the Board of Sponsors of ''The [[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]''.<ref>{{Citation|pmid=3300804|publication-date=9 May 1987|date=1987|title=List of publications by Manfred Eigen|volume=26|issue=2–3|periodical=Biophys. Chem.|pages=103–8|doi=10.1016/0301-4622(87)80014-5}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|pmid=3300803|publication-date=9 May 1987|year=1987|title=Curriculum vitae of Manfred Eigen|volume=26|issue=2–3|periodical=Biophys. Chem.|pages=102|doi=10.1016/0301-4622(87)80013-3}}</ref>

In 1967, Eigen was awarded, along with [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dainton|first1=F.|last2=Thrush|first2=B. A.|title=Ronald George Wreyford Norrish. 9 November 1897-7 June 1978|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=27|year=1981|pages=379–424|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1981.0016|s2cid=72584163|doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[George Porter]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fleming|first1=G. R.|last2=Phillips|first2=D.|title=George Porter KT OM, Lord Porter of Luddenham. 6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002: Elected F.R.S. 1960|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=50|year=2004|pages=257–283|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2004.0017|doi-access=free}}</ref> the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]. They were cited for their studies of extremely fast [[chemical reaction]]s induced in response to very short [[Pulse (physics)|pulse]]s of [[energy]].

In addition, Eigen's name is linked with the theory of [[quasispecies]], the [[error threshold]], [[error catastrophe]], [[Eigen's paradox]], and the chemical [[hypercycle (chemistry)|hypercycle]], the cyclic linkage of reaction cycles as an explanation for the [[self-organization]] of [[origin of life|prebiotic systems]], which he described with [[Peter Schuster]] in 1977.<ref>Eigen & Schuster (1977) [https://unterlagen.site/document/eigen1977naturwissenschaften64.html The Hypercycle. A Principle of Natural Self-Organisation. Part A: Emergence of the Hypercycle]. Naturwissenschaften Vol. 64, pp. 541–565.</ref><ref>Eigen & Schuster (1978) [http://jaguar.biologie.hu-berlin.de/~wolfram/pages/seminar_theoretische_biologie_2007/literatur/schaber/Eigen1978Naturwissenschaften65a.pdf The Hypercycle. A Principle of Natural Self-Organisation. Part B: The Abstract Hypercycle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203325/http://jaguar.biologie.hu-berlin.de/~wolfram/pages/seminar_theoretische_biologie_2007/literatur/schaber/Eigen1978Naturwissenschaften65a.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}. Naturwissenschaften Vol. 65, pp. 7–41.</ref><ref>Eigen & Schuster (1978) [http://jaguar.biologie.hu-berlin.de/~wolfram/pages/seminar_theoretische_biologie_2007/literatur/schaber/Eigen1978Naturwissenschaften65b.pdf The Hypercycle. A Principle of Natural Self-Organisation. Part C: The Realistic Hypercycle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616180402/http://jaguar.biologie.hu-berlin.de/~wolfram/pages/seminar_theoretische_biologie_2007/literatur/schaber/Eigen1978Naturwissenschaften65b.pdf |date=16 June 2016 }}. Naturwissenschaften Vol. 65, pp. 341–369.</ref><ref>Manfred Eigen and [[Peter Schuster]] ''The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization'', 1979, Springer {{ISBN|0-387-09293-5}}</ref>

Eigen founded two biotechnology companies, ''[[Evotec]]'' and ''Direvo''.<ref>
{{cite journal|author1=Jackle H |author2=Rotte C |author3=Gruss P |pmc=5982432|title= Manfred Eigen: the realization of his vision of Biophysical Chemistry|journal=European Biophysics Journal |volume=47|issue=4|pages=319–323|year=2017|pmid=29230510|doi=10.1007/s00249-017-1266-y}}</ref>

In 1981, Eigen became a founding member of the [[World Cultural Council]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=[[World Cultural Council]]|url=http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/about-us/|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>

Eigen was a member of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] even though he was an atheist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hanskrause.de/HKHPE/hkhpe_03_02.htm|title=HKHPE 03 02|website=www.hanskrause.de|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> He died on 6 February 2019 at the age of 91.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2019|title=Manfred Eigen, 1967 Nobel Chemistry Laureate, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/02/07/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-obit-eigen.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124342/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/02/07/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-obit-eigen.html|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=9 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Merlot|first=Julia|date=7 February 2019|title=Der Bezwinger des Unmessbaren|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/manfred-eigen-ist-tot-der-bezwinger-des-unmessbaren-a-1252131.html|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|location=Hamburg|language=de|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 February 2019|title=Göttingen Nobel Laureate Manfred Eigen has died|url=https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15874842/Manfred-Eigen|work=The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry|location=Göttingen|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=12 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212143309/https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15874842/Manfred-Eigen|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lindinger|first=Manfred|date=7 February 2019|title=Die Klaviatur des Lebens|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/forschung-politik/die-klaviatur-des-lebens-zum-tod-des-grossen-naturforschers-manfred-eigen-16029709.html|work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]|language=de|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Eigen was married to Elfriede Müller.<ref name="Nobel_biographical" /> The union produced two children, a boy and a girl.<ref name="Nobel_biographical" /> He later married [[Ruthild Winkler|Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitsch]], a longtime scientific partner.<ref name=BG>{{cite news |first=Martin |last=Weil |title=Obituaries: Manfred Eigen |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2019/02/11/manfred-eigen-nobel-winning-chemist-who-clocked-speeds-fast-reactions/wgrBmaAjTp07e0aZZNF8OL/story.html?et_rid=25832560&s_campaign=todaysheadlines:newsletter |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=12 February 2019 |access-date=12 February 2019}}</ref>

==Honours and awards==
Eigen won numerous awards for his research including:
* [[Otto Hahn Prize]] (1962)<ref name=planck>{{cite web|url=https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/14858258/Manfred_Eigen|title=Manfred Eigen|website=www.mpibpc.mpg.de|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325020722/https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/14858258/Manfred_Eigen|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Elected a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1964)<ref name=":0" />
* Elected a member of the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]] (1966)<ref name=":1" />
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1967), shared with [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]] and [[George Porter]], for his studies on the [[Chemical kinetics|kinetics]] of extremely fast running [[chemical reaction]]s with [[Temperature jump|relaxation methods]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 – Nobelprize.org|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1967/|access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> 
* Elected a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] (1968)<ref name=":2" /> 
* Member of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]] (now the Russian Academy of Sciences) (1976)<ref name=academia>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pas.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/ordinary/eigen.html|title=Manfred Eigen|website=www.pas.va|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629155538/http://www.pas.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/ordinary/eigen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* <!-- Corresponding Member of the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] (1972) - [can find no source] -->
* Elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1973|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1973]]<ref name=formemrs/>
* [[Pour le Mérite]] (1973)<ref>{{cite web|date=2019|title=Pour le Mérite: Manfred Eigen|url=http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/sites/default/files/vita/Manfred-Eigen-vita.pdf|work=www.orden-pourlemerite.de|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124402/http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/sites/default/files/vita/Manfred-Eigen-vita.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Faraday Lectureship Prize]] from the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] in 1977<ref name=cv/>
* [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Eigen_Manfred|title=Academy of Europe: Eigen Manfred|website=www.ae-info.org}}</ref>
* [[Lower Saxony State Prize]] for Science (1980)<ref>{{cite web|date=2019|title=Der Niedersächsische Staatspreis|url=https://niedersachsen.de/land_leute/menschen/sehr_geehrte_niedersachsen/der-niedersaechsische-staatspreis-20065.html|work=Portal Niedersachsen|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913205150/https://niedersachsen.de/land_leute/menschen/sehr_geehrte_niedersachsen/der-niedersaechsische-staatspreis-20065.html|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize]] (1992)<ref name=planck/>
* Helmholtz Medal ([[Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]], 1994)<ref name=academia/>
* Max Planck Research Award (1994), jointly with Rudolf Rigler of the [[Karolinska Institute]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Brünjes|first=Angela|date=5 December 2014|title=Manfred Eigen erhielt 1967 den Nobelpreis für Chemie|url=http://www.goettinger-tageblatt.de/Campus/Themen/Nobelpreis-Hell/Manfred-Eigen-erhielt-1967-den-Nobelpreis-fuer-Chemie|work=[[Göttinger Tageblatt]]|language=de|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
* Honorary member of the [[Ruhr University Bochum]] (2001)<ref name=cv>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15881298/cv|title=Vita|website=www.mpibpc.mpg.de|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155953/https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15881298/cv|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Lifetime Achievement Award from the [[Institute of Human Virology]] in [[Baltimore]] (2005)<ref name=planck/>
* [[Wilhelm Exner Medal]] (2011)<ref>Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.</ref>

===Honorary doctorates===
He received 15 honorary doctorates.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rotte |first=Carmen |date=7 February 2019 |title=Göttingen Nobel Laureate Manfred Eigen has died |url=https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15874842/Manfred-Eigen |work=mpibpc.mpg.de |location=Munich |publisher=Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |access-date=18 April 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212143309/https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15874842/Manfred-Eigen |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* Honorary Professor, [[Technical University of Braunschweig]] (1965)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from [[Harvard University]] (1966)<ref name="Nobel_biographical">{{cite web|date=2019|title=Eigen – Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1967/eigen/biographical/|work=NobelPrize.org|publisher=Nobel Media AB|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate from [[Washington University in St. Louis]] (1966)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Chicago]] (1966)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Nottingham]] (1968)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary Professor, [[University of Göttingen]] (1971)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] (1973)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Hull]] (1976)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Bristol]] (1978)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Debrecen]] (1982)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Cambridge]] (1982)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from [[Technical University of Munich]] (1983)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Bielefeld]] (1985)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from [[Utah State University]] (1990)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Alicante]] (1990)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary doctorate from the [[University of Coimbra]], Portugal (2007)<ref name=cv />
* Honorary Degree, [[Scripps Research|Scripps Institute of Research]] (2011)<ref name=cv />

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* {{cite book | last=Eigen | first=Manfred | title=From strange simplicity to complex familiarity : a treatise on matter, information, life and thought | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=Oxford | year=2013 | isbn=978-0-19-857021-9 | oclc=867631103 | page=}}
* {{cite journal | last=Eigen | first=Manfred | title=Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules | journal=Die Naturwissenschaften | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=58 | issue=10 | year=1971 | issn=0028-1042 | doi=10.1007/bf00623322 | pages=465–523| pmid=4942363 | bibcode=1971NW.....58..465E | s2cid=38296619 }}
* {{cite book | last=Eigen | first=Manfred | title=Laws of the game : how the principles of nature govern chance | publisher=Princeton University Press | publication-place=Princeton, N.J | year=1993 | isbn=0-691-02566-5 | oclc=25787606 | page=}}
* [http://www.webofstories.com/people/manfred.eigen Manfred Eigen tells his life story at Web of Stories] (video)
<!--
*[http://www.mpibpc.gwdg.de/abteilungen/081/manfred_eigen/english.html Manfred Eigen's homepage at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry]
-->
*[http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/123 Interview with Manfred Eigen by Harry Kroto, NL] Freeview video provided by the Vega Science Trust.
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140222195833/http://www.forschungsnachrichten.de/biologie/biologie-artikel/falls-ein-gott-die-naturgesetze-erschuf%2c-so-erschuf-er-auch-das-leben-durch-evolution.htm Falls ein Gott die Naturgesetze erschuf, so erschuf er auch das Leben durch Evolution]" (in German) Interview with Manfred Eigen from 2004, Archive
{{div col end}}

==Further reading==
===Obituaries===
* {{cite news |last=Slotnik |first=Daniel E. |date=14 February 2019 |title=Nobel winner put a clock to chemicals |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51727330/manfred-eigen-obituary/ |work=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu |page=B6 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=20 May 2020}}
* {{cite news |last=Weil |first=Martin |date=12 February 2019 |title=Manfred Eigen, 91, shared '67 Nobel Prize in chemistry |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51727558/manfred-eigen-obituary/ |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |location=Boston |page=C9 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=20 May 2020}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15681387/05_MPIbpcNews_Mai_2017.pdf "The institute congratulates Manfred Eigen on his 90th birthday!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019220559/https://www.mpibpc.mpg.de/15681387/05_MPIbpcNews_Mai_2017.pdf |date=19 October 2020 }} at mpibpc.mpg.de
*{{youTube|OzK12wI6TJs|Manfred Eigen – Early childhood recollections about music}}
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1967 ''Immeasurably Fast Reactions''

{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{1967 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Founding members of the World Cultural Council}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eigen, Manfred}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of TU Braunschweig]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Founding members of the World Cultural Council]]
[[Category:German biophysicists]]
[[Category:German atheists]]
[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Max Planck Society people]]
[[Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
[[Category:People from Bochum]]
[[Category:Scientists from the Province of Westphalia]]
[[Category:German physical chemists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Studienstiftung alumni]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
[[Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin]]
[[Category:Luftwaffenhelfer]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:German escapees]]
[[Category:Escapees from Soviet detention]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Max Planck Institute directors]]