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Manicaland Province
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{{distinguish|Manica Province}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Manicaland | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[Provinces of Zimbabwe|Province]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_size = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = kumakomoyo (to those mountain) | motto = | image_map = Manicaland in Zimbabwe (adm).svg | mapsize = 250px | map_alt = | map_caption = Manicaland, Province of Zimbabwe | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Zimbabwe]] | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Manicaland | established_date = 1897 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] | seat = [[Mutare]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = Provincial Ministry | leader_party = [[ZANU-PF]] | leader_title = Minister of State for Provincial Affairs | leader_name = [[Nokuthula Matsikinyere]]<ref>https://www.herald.co.zw/5-new-provincial-affairs-ministers-appointed/amp/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> | leader_title1 = Provincial Administrator | leader_name1 = Fungai Mbetsa <ref>https://zw.linkedin.com/in/fungai-mbetsa-89b59944 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> | leader_title2 = Provincial Affairs Director | leader_name2 = not known | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36459 | area_total_sq_mi = 14076.899 | area_total_dunam = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 2037762<ref name="Zimstat">{{cite web|title=Population Census National Report 2022|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/sites/default/files/img/National_Report.pdf|publisher=Zimbabwe National Statistics|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110192409/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/sites/default/files/img/National_Report.pdf|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_est = 2,098,110 | pop_est_as_of = 2023 | population_demonym = VekuMakomoyo (those from mountainous area) | population_note = | timezone1 = CAT | utc_offset1 = +02:00 | timezone1_DST = CAT | utc_offset1_DST = +01:00 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.583<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#900|low}} Β· [[List of Zimbabwean provinces by Human Development Index|6th]] | website = | footnotes = | elevation_max_m = 2,592 }} '''Manicaland''' is a [[Provinces of Zimbabwe|province]] in eastern [[Zimbabwe]]. After [[Harare Province]], it is the country's second-most populous province, with a population of 2.037 million, as of the [[2022 Zimbabwe census|2022 census]]. Making it the third most densely populated province after [[Harare Province|Harare]] and [[Bulawayo]] provinces. Manicaland was one of five original provinces established in [[Southern Rhodesia]] in the early colonial period. The province endowed with country's major tourist attractions, the likes of [[Mutarazi Falls]], [[Nyanga National Park]] and Zimbabwe's top three highest peaks. The province is divided into ten administrative subdivisions of seven rural districts and three towns/councils, including the provincial capital, [[Mutare]]. The name Manicaland is derived from one of the province's largest ethnic groups, the [[Manyika tribe|Manyika]], who originate from the area north of the Manicaland province and as well as western Mozambique, who speak a distinct language called ChiManyika in Shona (one of the dialect of the [[Shona language|Shona]] language). Manicaland is bordered by [[Mashonaland East Province]] to the northwest, [[Midlands Province]] to the west, [[Masvingo Province]] to the southwest, and [[Mozambique]] to the east. It has an area of {{convert|36,459|km2|mi2}},<ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/zimbabwe.aspx Surface Area of Manicaland District] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217021255/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/zimbabwe.aspx|date=2013-12-17}}</ref> equal to 9.28% of the total area of Zimbabwe. It is the sixth-largest in area of Zimbabwe's ten provinces. Its economy is largely centered around [[Industrial sector|industry]] and [[agriculture]], particularly [[manufacturing]], [[diamond]] and [[gold]] mining, [[Lumber|timber]], [[tea]] and [[coffee]] plantations, and [[tourism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialgazette.co.zw/manicaland-industries-collapse/|title=Manicaland industries collapse|last=Matimaire|first=Kenneth|date=2017-03-23|work=The Financial Gazette|access-date=2018-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref> In recent years, Manicaland's economy has declined as [[manufacturing]] firms and mines continue to fold,<ref name=":0" /> and the province now lags behind other Zimbabwean provinces economically and developmentally.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2012/11/18/manicaland-is-also-for-devolution/|title=Manicaland is also for devolution|last=Zimunya|first=Itai|date=2012-11-18|work=The Standard|access-date=2018-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Recent developments in the province are noted mainly in Bocha area where several major infrastructural projects are underway. The province is one heavily underdeveloped areas in the country, on top of that, its economy is one the worst mainly due to Zezuru-Korekore supremacy agenda which was pushed by former president [[Robert Mugabe|Robert Gabriel Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karangas crush Zezuru-Korekore Alliance again |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-opinion-sc-columnist-byo-234607.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> It is noticeable like in this instance despite the fact it hubs largest rural population, second largest population by province and country third largest city, it is among last 5 developed provinces and does not have an international airport which in turn restricts its growth. It is the home of Zimbabwean tourism alongside [[Matabeleland North Province|Matebeleland North]] but international tourists does not have direct access, they have to come via Harare where there is an international airport. Diamonds were first discovered in country in [[Chiadzwa]] area in [[Bocha Area|Bocha]] but several years down the line, the area have not benefited anything from the discovery.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=Chiadzwa villagers cry foul {{!}} Business Times |url=https://businesstimes.co.zw/chiadzwa-villagers-cry-foul/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=businesstimes.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> Penalonga is where illegal gold extraction is done, but instead of Manicaland benefiting, the resources are being looted by [[Scott Sakupwanya|Scott Sakupwanya's]] company and several top government officials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unit |first=Al Jazeera Investigative |title=Six secrets uncovered by Al Jazeera's Gold Mafia investigation |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/14/six-secrets-uncovered-by-al-jazeeras-gold-mafia-investigation |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> == Etymology == The name Manicaland derives from the fact that part of the area has been occupied in history by the [[Manyika]] people. The Manyika are a tribal grouping classified as [[Shona people|Shona]], with their own language variant, the [[Manyika language]]. ==Geography== The province is bordered by [[Mashonaland East Province]] to the north, [[Midlands Province]] to the west, [[Masvingo Province]] to the south and southwest, and the [[Republic of Mozambique]] to the east.<ref>[[Provinces of Zimbabwe|Map of Provinces of Zimbabwe]]</ref> The provincial capital, [[Mutare]] (pop:184,205),<ref>[http://www.wolframalpha.com/entities/cities_population/what_is_the_population_of_mutare,_zimbabwe%3F/gj/re/zo/ Estimated Population of Mutare In 2004]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> lies approximately {{convert|265|km|mi}}, by road, southeast of [[Harare]], the [[capital city|capital]] of Zimbabwe and the largest city in that country.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Zimbabwe_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Harare%20(Harare)&toplace=Mutare%20()&fromlat=-17.8177778&tolat=-18.9666667&fromlng=31.0447222&tolng=32.6666667 Road Distance Between Harare And Mutare With Map]</ref> The [[Eastern Highlands]] run along the eastern edge of Manicaland. The highlands are made up of several mountain ranges and include [[Mount Nyangani]], Zimbabwe's highest peak. Manicaland has a tropical forest climate. The northern part of Manicaland is drained northwards by tributaries of the [[Zambezi River]], including the [[Gairezi River|Gairezi]] and the [[Nyangombe]]. The central and southern portions of the province are drained southwards by the [[Save River (Africa)|Save River]] and its tributaries, including the [[Odzi River]]. Some areas along the province's eastern edge, including [[Honde Valley]], [[Burma Valley]], and eastern [[Chimanimani District|Chimanimani]] and [[Chipinge District|Chipinge]] districts, drain eastwards into the [[Pungwe River|Pungwe]] and [[Buzi River (Mozambique)|Buzi]] rivers. ==Districts== [[File:Manicaland-constituency bounderies2008.gif|thumb|right|250px|Manicaland Province division for the 2008 elections]][[File:Manicaland districts.png|thumb|right|250px|Districts of Manicaland]] The province is subdivided into seven rural districts and three town/councils: * [[Buhera District]] * [[Chimanimani District]] * [[Chipinge District]] * [[Makoni District]] * [[Mutare District]] (in the center) * [[Mutasa District]] * [[Nyanga District]] (in the northeast of the province) * [[Mutare]] City Council * [[Chipinge]] Town Council * [[Rusape]] Town Council ==Demographics and diversity== {{Historical populations |title = |type = |align = |width = |state = |shading = |pop_name = |percentages = |footnote = |source = [http://www.geohive.com/cntry/zimbabwe.aspx Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)] |1992 | 1,537,676 |2002 | 1,568,930 |2012 | 1,752,698 |2022|2,037,762}} Manicaland is the second most populated province in Zimbabwe. It has a population of about 1,755,000 which constitutes about 13.5% of the country's total population. The people of Manicaland speak [[Shona language|Shona]] although the different districts have own languages and dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft158004rs&chunk.id=d0e3048&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e2944&brand=ucpress&query=manicaland |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> For example, [[Mutasa District]] use [[Manyika]] as a language. In [[Makoni District]], the MaUngwe people use the chi[[Maungwe|Ungwe]]. In [[Chimanimani|Chimanimani District]], [[Chipinge|Chipinge District]] the Ndau people use chi[[Ndau language|Ndau]] and the Machangana/ Shangaani people use chiChangana/ Shangaan language. In [[Mutare|Mutare District]] the people of Marange use [[Bocha dialect|chiBocha]] and the Jindwi people of [[Zimunya]] use [[CiJindwi|chiJindwi]]. These languages transcend the modern day boundaries set by the districts, being synonymous with the people in their Chiefdoms, who originally occupied these lands and beyond, prior to the displacement and resettlement caused by colonial occupation and repression in the early part of the 20th century. Boundaries between Kingdoms/ Chiefdoms were redrawn under the [[Land Apportionment Act of 1930]] and the Native Land Husbandry Act of 1951.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DUGGAN |first=WILLIAM R. |date=1980-04-01 |title=The Native Land Husbandry Act of 1951 and the Rural African Middle Class of Southern Rhodesia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097207 |journal=African Affairs |volume=79 |issue=315 |pages=227β240 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097207 |issn=0001-9909|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Colonial authorities used a similar technique to divide up land and authority, which in colonial Rhodesia manifested itself, through a long series of legislative measures (most importantly the Land Apportionment Act of 1930 and the Native Land Husbandry Act of 1951), in the sharp division between Native reserves (later known as the Tribal Trust Lands), and European farming areas, with the Native Purchase Areas forming a kind of middle stage between the two. After the country's independence in 1980, district boundaries were redrawn based on political direction in the newer dispensation. ==Spirituality and religion== A great number of the population practise their own traditional way of worshipping, but many also practice [[Christianity]] (about 65%). The majority falling under the traditional churches: [[Methodist Church]], [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]], the [[Anglican Church]] and the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The Pentecostal churches have large followings in the urban areas of Mutare and a few other growth points. Some gatherings fall under the Apostolic Churches, with a notably higher proportion of the Apostolic followers in Mutare and Buhera district. Polygamy is quite prevalent among church members. Other communities such as Muslim are represented, owing to the influence of migration. ==Schools== Manicaland boasts of some of the best performing schools in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mail|first=The Sunday|title=Mashonaland Central rules the roost|url=https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/mashonaland-central-rules-the-roost|access-date=2021-06-15|website=The Sunday Mail|language=en-GB}}</ref> Schools such as St Augustines (Tsambe), '''St Faith's School, Rusape''' (Fisco-'Madetere') (Currently the best performing school 2012 at 'O' level and 'A' level in Zimbabwe), [[Nyanga High School, Marist Brothers]], St Marys, Mt Selinda High, Bonda High, Emmanuel High, Kriste Mambo, Mutare Boys' High School, Mutare Girls High (The Shumbas), St Dominics Mutare, Marange High, Hartzell High, Lydia Chimonyo, [[Sakubva High School|Sakubva High]], Dangamvura High. These have produced exceptional results over the years and a great number of academics renowned internationally.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} The privately run [[Africa University]] provides some relief (albeit to a lesser extent), but it simply cannot absorb the huge numbers of school leavers with high grades. In general, there is a school within a {{convert|5|km|mi}} radius across Manicaland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} There are numerous primary and secondary schools scattered across the province. The distribution of schools by district is shown in the table below.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! District ! Primary ! Secondary |- | [[Buhera]] | 140 | 55 |- | [[Chimanimani]] | 68 | 24 |- | [[Chipinge]] | 125 | 40 |- | [[Makoni]] | 170 | 60 |- | [[Mutare]] | 172 | 67 |- | [[Mutasa District|Mutasa]] | 72 | 27 |- | [[Nyanga, Zimbabwe|Nyanga]] | 75 | 25 |- | '''Total''' | '''822''' | '''298''' |- |}<ref>Manicaland Regional Education Office, 2004.</ref> ==See also== *[[Provinces of Zimbabwe]] *[[Districts of Zimbabwe]] *[[Massi Kessi]] *[[Sadomba Women Cattle Project]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.hedon.info/docs/E-MINDSET-EnergyBaselineReportForManicaland.pdf Energy Sector Background for Manicaland Province] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061014012021/http://www.manicalandpublicity.co.zw/ Manicaland Publicity Association] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071118215350/http://www.carmelites.ie/PDF/Manicaland.pdf The Catholic Church In Manicaland 1896-1996] {{Geography of Zimbabwe}} {{authority control}} {{coord|19|00|S|32|30|E|display=title|region:ZW_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Manicaland Province| ]] [[Category:Provinces of Zimbabwe]]
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