Editing Maribor

{{Short description|City in Styria, Slovenia}}
{{About|the city in Slovenia|other uses|Maribor (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Maribor
| other_name         = 
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| image1                   = Maribor (15) (5468849812).jpg
| caption1                 = [[Drava]] with [[:sl:Lent|Lent]] in the background
| image2                   = Peace Schools Conference, Maribor Slovenia (52535320671).jpg
| caption2                 = [[Basilica of Our Mother of Mercy]]
| image3                   = UniverzaMaribor.jpg
| caption3                 = [[University of Maribor]]
| image4                   = Maribor, Slovenia (52221164315).jpg
| caption4                 = [[Maribor Cathedral]]
| image5                   = Grajski trg - panoramio.jpg
| caption5                 = [[Maribor Castle]]
| image6                   = Maribor Town Hall square Slovenia Europe. Maribor Town Hall and Plague Column on the central square, Lower Styria, in Slovenia (51785089734).jpg
| caption6                 = [[Main Square (Maribor)|Main Square]] with [[Maribor Town Hall|Town Hall]]
}}
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| pushpin_map        = Slovenia#Europe
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Slovenia
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flagicon image|Flag of Slovenia.svg}} [[Slovenia]]
| subdivision_type1  = Traditional region
| subdivision_name1  = [[Lower Styria|Styria]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Drava Statistical Region|Drava]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Urban Municipality of Maribor|Maribor]]
| subdivision_type4  = 
| subdivision_name4  = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = Mayor
| leader_name1       = Saša Arsenovič
| leader_title2      = 
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| leader_name3       = 
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| established_title  = First mention
| established_date   = 1164
| established_title1 = Town privileges
| established_date1  = 1254
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| established_date2  = 
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| area_total_km2     = 40.98
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| population_as_of   = 2023
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Prebivalstvo po spolu in po starosti, občine in naselja, Slovenija, letno |url=https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/sl/Data/-/05C5003S.px/ |website=stat.si |publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]] |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=sl}}</ref>
| population_note    = 
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| population_metro   = 329,014<ref>{{cite web |title=Population on 1 January by five year age group, sex and metropolitan regions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_pjangrp3/default/table?lang=en&category=reg_typ.met.met_demo |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=3 June 2024|publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref>
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| population_urban   = 96209
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| population_blank1_title = City Municipality
| population_blank1  = 113000
| population_blank2_title = Religions
| population_blank2  = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
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| population_demonym = Mariborčan (male), Mariborčanka (female)
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +01
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +02
| coordinates        = {{Coord|46|33|27|N|15|38|44|E|region:SI-070_type:city(114,000)|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 274.7
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 2000
| area_code          = 02 (+386 2 if calling from abroad)
| registration_plate = MB
| blank_name         = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info         = [[Oceanic climate|Cfb]]
| website            = {{URL|www.maribor.si}}
| footnotes          = 
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}}

'''Maribor''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|m|ær|ɪ|b|ɔːr}} {{respell|MARR|ib|or}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|m|ɑːr|-}} {{respell|MAR|-}}, {{IPA|sl|ˈmáːɾibɔɾ|lang|Sl-Maribor.oga}}; also known by other [[#Name|historical names]]) is the [[List of cities and towns in Slovenia|second-largest city]] in [[Slovenia]] and the largest city of the traditional region of [[Styria (Slovenia)|Lower Styria]]. It is the seat of the [[Urban Municipality of Maribor]] and the [[Drava Statistical Region|Drava statistical region]]. Maribor is also the economic, administrative, educational, and cultural centre of [[eastern Slovenia]].

Maribor was first mentioned as a castle in 1164, as a settlement in 1209, and as a city in 1254. Like most [[Slovene Lands|Slovene ethnic territory]], Maribor was under [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] rule until 1918, when [[Rudolf Maister]] and his men secured the city for the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], which then joined the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] to form the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. In 1991 Maribor became part of independent Slovenia.

Maribor, along with the Portuguese city of [[Guimarães]], was selected as the [[European Capital of Culture]] for 2012.

==Name==
Maribor was attested in historical sources as ''Marpurch'' {{Circa| 1145}} (and later as ''Marchburch'', ''Marburc'', and ''Marchpurch''), and is a compound of [[Middle High German]] ''march'' '[[March (territorial entity)|march (borderland)]]' + ''burc'' 'fortress'. In modern times, the town's German name is ''Marburg an der Drau'' ({{IPA|de|ˈmaʁbʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈdʁaʊ̯|pron}}; literally, 'Marburg on the [[Drava]]').<ref name="Zgodovina na dlani">{{cite web|url=https://zgodovinanadlani.si/1254-maribor-prvic-omenjen-kot-mesto/|title=Zgodovina na dlani|date=6 December 2018 }}</ref>

The Slovene name ''Maribor'' is an artificial Slovenized creation, coined by [[Stanko Vraz]] in 1836. Vraz created the name in the spirit of [[Illyrian movement|Illyrianism]] by analogy with the name ''[[Brandenburg]]'' (cf. [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]] ''Bramborska''). Locally, the town was known in Slovene as ''Marprk'' or ''Marprog''.<ref name="Snoj">{{cite book |last1=Snoj |first1=Marko |title=Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen |date=2009 |publisher=Modrijan |location=Ljubljana |page=252}}</ref> The name ''Maribor'' was accepted among Slovenes in 1861,<ref>{{cite web |title=Predstavitev mesta Maribor |url=https://maribor.si/moje-mesto/zgodovina-maribora/predstavitev-mesta-maribor/ |website=maribor.si |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127163618/https://maribor.si/moje-mesto/zgodovina-maribora/predstavitev-mesta-maribor/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |language=sl}}</ref> when [[Lovro Toman]] published a song named ''Mar i bor'', giving the name a Slovene compound ''Mar'' ('to care') + ''i'' ('and') + ''bor'' ('to fight for').<ref name="Maribor obeležuje 180. obletnico svojega imena">{{cite web|url=https://maribor24.si/lokalno/maribor-obelezuje-180-obletnico-svojega-imena/|title=Maribor obeležuje 180. obletnico svojega imena|date=15 November 2016|access-date=27 January 2023|language=sl|website=maribor24.si}}</ref> In addition to its Slovene and German names, the city is also known as ''Marburgum'' in Latin and ''Marburgo'' in Italian.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berk |first1=Sandi |title=O tujejezičnih ustreznicah za slovenska zemljepisna imena |journal=Geografski Vestnik |date=2001 |volume=73 |issue=1 |page=38}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Il siglario mondiale di enti e imprese economiche |date=1977 |publisher=Banca commerciale italiana |location=Milan |pages=1039, 1202}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Žgajnar |first1=Matija |title=Vojna in Osvobodilna fronta |work=Delo: Sobotna priloga |issue=116 |date=April 27, 1968 |page=13}}</ref>

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Maribor}}
{{Quote box
| width = 24em
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| title = Historical affiliations
| fontsize = 86%
| quote =
{{flagicon image|Wappen Erzbistum Salzburg.png}} [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Archbishop of Salzburg]] (1164–1555)<br />
{{Flag|Habsburg Monarchy|[[Duchy of Styria]]}} (1555–1804)<br />
{{Flag|Austrian Empire}} (1804–1867)<br />
{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}} (1867–1918)<br />
{{flag|State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs}} (1918)<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} (1918–1941)<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg}} [[Nazi Germany]] (1941–1945; <small>annexed</small>)<br />
{{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}}{{refn|Known as: ''Democratic Federal Yugoslavia'' (1944–1945); Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)}} (1945–1991)<br />
{{flag|Slovenia}} 1991–Present
}}

===Prehistory===
The oldest known remnants of settlement in the Maribor area date back to the 5th millennium BC, at the time of the [[Chalcolithic]]. With the construction of Maribor's western bypass, larger settlements were discovered dating from the 44th to 42nd century BC. Another settlement from around the same period was also discovered in [[Spodnje Hoče]], a town right next to Maribor and another below Melje Hill near [[Malečnik]]. Another settlement below Melje Hill was also found dating to the 4th millennium BC.<ref name="Cresnar">{{cite book |last1=Črešnar |first1=Matija |title=Arheološka pot po Mariboru z okolico. Odsek I: Zgornje Radvanje – Spodnje Hoče / Archaeological Trail of Maribor and its Surroundings. Section I: Zgornje Radvanje – Spodnje Hoče |date=2012 |publisher=Zavodza varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije |location=Ljubljana |isbn=978-961-6420-94-5 |url=https://www.academia.edu/16981303 |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

A more intense period of settlement of the Maribor area occurred in the 3rd millennium BC with the advent of the [[Bronze Age]]. In the 13th to 12th century BC, in the age of the [[Urnfield culture]], new settlements were found in [[Pekel, Maribor|Pekel]]. Around 1000 BC, new settlers moved to the Maribor area. An urnfield cemetery was found from that period in today's ''Mladinska ulica'' and another [[necropolis]] was also found in [[Pobrežje, Maribor|Pobrežje]].<ref name="Cresnar"/>

=== Antiquity ===
With the [[Iron Age]] and the [[Hallstatt Culture]], new settlements began to appear on hills. One of them was [[Poštela]] in the [[Pohorje]] Mountains. Poštela was an old town that was abandoned in the 6th century BC and inhabited again in the 2nd century BC.<ref name="Cresnar"/>

During [[Roman times]], the area where Maribor later developed was part of the province of [[Noricum]], right on the border with [[Pannonia]]. During that period, Roman agricultural estates known as ''[[villa rustica|villae rusticae]]'' filled the area around [[Radvanje]], [[Betnava]], [[Bohova, Hoče–Slivnica|Bohova]], and Hoče. The best-known of them was in today's [[Borova Vas]] neighborhood of Maribor.<ref name="Cresnar"/> An important trade route was also established in the area, connecting [[Celeia]] and [[Flavia Solva]] in one direction with [[Poetovio]] and central Noricum on the other.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kratka zgodovina mesta Maribor |url=https://www.visitmaribor.si/si/odkrij/maribor/pretekli-casi/ |website=Pretekli časi |publisher=TIC Maribor |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Medieval history ===
[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 247 Marburg - Maribor.jpg|left|thumb|Maribor in the 17th century. A copper engraving by [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]], 1678.]]
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Maribor area was settled by the [[Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps|Slavs]].<ref name="Stih">{{cite web |title=Slovenska zgodovina |url=http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/pdf/zgodovina/Stih-Slovenska_zgodovina_od_prazgodovinskih_kultur_do_konca_srednjega_veka.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319025304/http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/pdf/zgodovina/Stih-Slovenska_zgodovina_od_prazgodovinskih_kultur_do_konca_srednjega_veka.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 19, 2009 |website=Slovenska zgodovina |publisher=Peter Štih |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>
A Slavic cemetery was found in Radvanje dating to the 10th century AD.<ref name="Cresnar"/> The area of what later became Maribor was first part of [[Samo's Empire]] and later the area stood on the border between [[Carantania]] and [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Lower Pannonia]]. In 843 the area was absorbed into the [[Frankish Empire]].<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora">{{cite web|url=http://www.maribor.si/povezava.aspx?pid=3792|title=Zgodovina Maribora}}</ref>

In the Frankish Empire, the area again stood on the border, this time between the Frankish Empire and the [[Principality of Hungary]]. To protect the Frankish Empire from Hungarian raids, a castle was built on [[Pyramid (Maribor)|Pyramid Hill]].<ref name="Maribor 850 let">{{cite web |title=Maribor 850 let |url=http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx?id=238 |website=Mestna občina Maribor }}</ref> The castle was mentioned for the first time on 20 October 1164 as ''Castrum Marchburch''. A settlement soon began to grow below the castle. Maribor was first mentioned as a market near the castle in 1204, and it received [[town privileges]] in 1254.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora"/> It is likely that the castle stood before 1164 because [[Bernard of Trixien]], the count of the region, already used the title ''Bernhard von Marchpurg'' 'Bernard of Maribor' in 1124.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Curk |first1=Jože |title=Maribor |journal=Časopis Za Zgodovino in Narodopisje |date=1966 |volume=38 |issue=2 |page=67 |url=https://www.sistory.si/cdn/publikacije/6001-7000/6974/1966_2_Casopis_za_zgodovino_in_narodopisje.pdf#page=1 |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/novice/castrum-marchburch-850-let-od-prve-omembe-maribora/348675 |title=Castrum Marchburch, 850 let od prve omembe Maribora |language=sl |trans-title=Castrum Marchburch, 850 Years since the First Mention of Maribor |work=MMC RTV Slovenija |date=14 October 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 249 Marburg - Maribor.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Maribor Castle]]. A copper engraving by [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]].]]
The town began to grow rapidly after the victory of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf I]] of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]] over King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia|Otakar II]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] in 1278. The town built fortifications, and trade, viticulture, and crafts started to grow. The town had a monopoly over the entire region and also controlled the viticulture trade with [[Carinthia]]. The first churches were built, and also around this time the first [[Jews]] arrived. The Jews built their own ghetto in the southeastern part of town, where they also built the [[Maribor Synagogue]]. Most Slovenians lived in the northwestern part of town on what is now Slovenian Street (''Slovenska ulica'').

In 1478, a second castle was built on the northeastern side of the town, today known as [[Maribor Castle]]. In 1480 and in 1481, [[Matthias Corvinus]] besieged the town but failed to conquer it on both occasions.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /> In 1496, [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] issued a decree to expel all Jews from Maribor and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]].<ref name="Bell2001">{{Cite book |last=Dean Phillip Bell |title=Sacred Communities: Jewish and Christian Identities in Fifteenth-Century Germany |publisher=BRILL |year=2001 |isbn=0-391-04102-9 |page=119}}</ref> In 1515, the [[Maribor Town Hall]] was built and a few years later, in 1532, Maribor again came under siege, this time by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. In the battle that became known as the [[Siege of Maribor (1532)|Siege of Maribor]], a 100,000-strong Ottoman army under the leadership of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] attacked the town, which was defended only by the local garrison and its citizens. Despite all the odds, Maribor was defended and the legend of the Maribor shoemaker who raised the sluice gates and flooded the Ottoman army is still popular today.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/o-tem-kako-je-pogumni-cevljarcek-resil-maribor/230755|title=Cevljarcek Maribor}}</ref>

===Modern period===
In the 17th century, numerous fires razed the town. The biggest ones occurred in 1601, 1645, 1648, and 1700. As a consequence, the town was rebuilt numerous times.<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Enciklopedija Slovenije |page=400 }}</ref> In addition to fires, the plague decimated the town's population. The largest plague epidemics occurred in 1646, 1664, and 1680. Due to the plague, the town lost 35 percent of its population. In gratitude for the end of the plague, a [[Plague Column (Maribor)|plague column]] was built in 1681, with the original being replaced in 1743.<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Slovenci skozi čas |page=134 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Maribor-mesto ob Dravi |page=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=750 let Maribora|page=11 }}</ref> In 1846, the [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Southern Railway]] was built through the town, which resulted in great economic growth and territorial expansion. In 1859, [[Anton Martin Slomšek]], a bishop of the [[Diocese of Lavant]], transferred the seat of the diocese to Maribor, and he further encouraged the use of Slovene. With the transfer, Maribor also received its first higher school. Four years later, Maribor was connected with Carinthia with the construction of the railway from Maribor to [[Prevalje]].<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /> The first daily Slovenian newspaper, called ''Slovenski narod'', was established in 1868 on today's Slomšek Square (''Slomškov trg'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fdv.uni-lj.si/docs/default-source/tip/slovenski-narod-ob-150-letnici-za%C4%8Detka-izhajanja.pdf?sfvrsn=0|title=Slovenski narod}}</ref> On 4 April 1883, the first electric light in Slovene ethnic territory was installed on Castle Square (''Grajski trg'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://industrijskapespot.si/prva-zarnica-na-slovenskem-opis.html|title=Prva žarnica na Slovenskem}}</ref> The renowned electrical engineer [[Nikola Tesla]] lived in Maribor from 1878 to 1879, where he received his first job.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla/timeline/1878-tesla-moves-maribor#goto-271|title=Nikola Tesla in Maribor}}</ref> [[Maribor National Hall]] was built in 1899, and it became a political, cultural, and economic centre for all Styrian Slovenes.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" />
[[File:Razglednica Narodnega doma v Mariboru.jpg|left|thumb|Postcard of Maribor National Hall.]]

In 1900, the city itself had a population that was 82.3% [[Austrian Germans|Austrian German]] (19,298 people) and 17.3% [[Slovenes|Slovene]] (4,062 people; based on the language spoken at home);<ref name="Leksikon">[http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/Repertoriji/STAJERSKA%201900.pdf ''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 4: ''Štajersko''. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806160833/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/Repertoriji/STAJERSKA%201900.pdf |date=6 August 2011 }} {{in lang|sl}}</ref>{{rp|4}} most of the city's capital and public life was in Austrian German hands. However, the county excluding the city had only 10,199 Austrian Germans and 78,888 Slovene inhabitants, meaning the city was completely surrounded by majority-Slovene ethnic territory.<ref name=Leksikon />{{rp|210, 300}} Some former independent settlements that later became part of the city had more ethnic Slovenes than Austrian Germans (e.g., Krčevina, Radvanje, Tezno), whereas others had more Austrian Germans than ethnic Slovenes (e.g., Pobrežje and Studenci).<ref name=Leksikon />{{rp|202–206}} In 1913, a new bridge was opened over the [[Drava]] River, today known as the [[Old Bridge (Maribor)|Old Bridge]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stari most |url= http://www.mariborart.si/spomenik/-/article-display/stari-most-nekdanji-drzavni-most-|website=Pogled spomenika |publisher=Maribor Art |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> In [[World War I]], the [[47th Infantry Regiment (Austria-Hungary)|47th Infantry Regiment]] of the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]] was based in the city and also fought on the [[Isonzo front]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.100letprve.si/mejniki/slovenci_na_vzhodnem_bojiscu/47_pehotni_polk/index.html|title=Slovenci na vzhodnem bojiscu}}</ref> During the First World War many Slovenes in [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] were detained on suspicion of being enemies of the Austrian Empire. This led to distrust between Austrian Germans and Slovenes.<ref>{{cite book |author=Vladimir Gradnik<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Primorski prostovoljci v boju za severno mejo 1918–1919 |location=Koper |publisher=Založba Lipa |page=21 |date=1981 }}</ref>
[[File:Rudolf Maister 1910s.jpg|right|thumb|[[Rudolf Maister]]]]
After the collapse of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Maribor was claimed by both the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] and [[Republic of German-Austria|German Austria]]. On 1 November 1918, a meeting was held by Colonel Anton Holik in the Melje barracks, where it was decided that the city would be part of German Austria. Ethnic Slovene Major [[Rudolf Maister]], who was present at the meeting, denounced the decision and organised Slovenian military units that were able to seize control of the city.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bruno Hartman<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Prevrat v Mariboru |date=2002 }}</ref> All Austrian officers and soldiers were disarmed and demobilised to the new state of German Austria. The German city council then held a secret meeting, where it was decided to do whatever possible to regain Maribor for German Austria. They organised a military unit called the Green Guard (''Schutzwehr''), and approximately 400 well-armed soldiers of this unit opposed the pro-Slovenian and pro-[[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] Major Maister.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lojze Penič<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Boj za slovensko severno mejo 1918–1920 |location=Maribor |publisher=Muzej narodne osvoboditve Maribor |page=14 |date=1988 }}</ref> Slovenian troops surprised and disarmed the Green Guard early on the morning of 23 November.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.si/novice/2020-03-30-pred-146-leti-se-je-rodil-nas-vzornik-obranitelj-slovenske-severne-meje-general-rudolf-maister/|title=Rudolf Maister}}</ref> Thereafter, the city remained in Slovenian hands.

On 27 January 1919, Austrian Germans gathered to await the [[United States]] peace delegation at the city's marketplace were fired upon by Slovenian troops. Nine citizens were killed and eighteen were seriously wounded;<ref name="Casopis">[http://www.sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:69''Zgodovinski časopis''. 1961. Ljubljana: Zgodovinsko društvo za Slovenijo]{{in lang|sl}}</ref>{{rp|142}} who had actually ordered the shooting has never been unequivocally established. German sources accused Maister's troops of shooting without cause. In turn Slovene witnesses such as Maks Pohar claimed that the Austrian Germans attacked the Slovenian soldiers guarding the town hall, one even discharging a revolver and hitting one Slovenian soldier in the bayonet.<ref name=Casopis />{{rp|141}} The German-language media called the incident ''[[Marburg's Bloody Sunday]]''. As Maribor was now firmly in the hands of the Slovenian forces and surrounded completely by Slovenian territory; the city had been recognised as part of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] without a [[Referendum|plebiscite]] in the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain]] of 10 September 1919 between the victors and German Austria. For his actions in Maribor and later in the [[Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia]], Rudolf Maister is today considered a Slovenian national hero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.si/novice/poslanica-ministra-za-notranje-zadeve-ob-dnevu-rudolfa-maistra/|title=Poslanica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/uredniski-izbor/rudolf-maister-od-mitizacije-do-zgodovinskega-spomina/472539|title=Rudolf Maister – od mitizacije do zgodovinskega spomina}}</ref>

After 1918, most of Maribor's Austrian Germans left the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes for [[Austria]]. A policy of [[cultural assimilation]] was pursued in Yugoslavia against the Austrian German minority similar to the [[Germanisation|Germanization]] policy followed by Austria against its Slovene minority in [[Carinthia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiv.pavelhaus.at/publikationen/signal01_slowenisch/signal01_03slow.htm|title=Nemci v Sloveniji 1918–1941}}</ref> From 1922 to 1929, Maribor was the seat of the [[Maribor Oblast]], a subdivision within Yugoslavia and was later part of the [[Drava Banovina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ojs.inz.si/pnz/article/download/335/942?inline=1|title=Pomembna vloga pravnikov v ljubljanski in mariborski oblastni skupščini (1927–1929) ter banskem svetu Dravske banovine (1930–1941)}}</ref> Up until [[World War II]], Maribor was considered the fastest-developing city in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kibla.org/si/dejavnosti/kibela/arhiv/kibela-arhiv/2016/eko-art-maribor/|title=Kibla}}</ref>

===World War II and aftermath===
{{see also|Maribor prison massacres|Stalag XVIII-D}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0723, Marburg-Drau, Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|left|[[Adolf Hitler]] on the [[Old Bridge (Maribor)|Old Bridge]] in Maribor, Yugoslavia in 1941.]]
In 1941 [[Styria (Slovenia)|Lower Styria]], the predominantly Slovene part of Styria, was annexed by Nazi Germany. German troops marched into the town at 9 pm on 8 April 1941.<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Vojaškošolski zbornik|url=http://www.slovenskavojska.si/fileadmin/slovenska_vojska/pdf/publikacije/VSZ_julij_2011A.pdf |location=Maribor |publisher=Poveljstvo za doktrino, razvoj, izobraževanje in usposabljanje |page=19 |date=2011 }}</ref> On 26 April [[Adolf Hitler]], who encouraged his followers to "make this land German again",<ref name="Tomasevich">{{cite book|author=Jozo Tomasevich|title=War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration|volume=2|date=31 January 2001|publisher=Stanford University Press| isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2|page=85}}</ref> visited Maribor and a grand reception was organised in the city castle by the local Germans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kamra.si/digitalne-zbirke/item/dogodki-na-glavnem-trgu-hitler-v-mariboru.html|title=Hitler v Mariboru}}</ref> Immediately after the occupation, Nazi Germany began mass expulsions of Slovenes to the [[Independent State of Croatia]], [[Serbia]], and later to the [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration and work camps]] in Germany. The Nazi goal was to Germanize the population of Lower Styria after the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drustvo-izgnancev.si/si/dejavnosti/|title=Društvo izgnancev Slovenije}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pokarh-mb.si/si/aktualno/240/vlak-bratstva-in-enotnosti.html|title=Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor}}</ref> Slovene patriots were taken hostage and many were later shot in the prisons of Maribor and Graz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svobodnabeseda.si/govor-dr-marjana-znidarica-v-mariboru-1-10/|title=Svobodna beseda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/razstave/dragi-vsi-danes-sem-bil-obsojen-na-smrt/292715|title=Nova razstava Muzeja narodne osvoboditve Maribor}}</ref> This led to organised resistance by [[Slovene Partisans|Slovene partisans]]. The first act of resistance in Maribor and occupied Slovenia occurred only three days after Hitler's visit, when Slovene communists and [[League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia|SKOJ]] members burned two German cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/radiomaribor/spomincice/bojan-ilich-1922-1941-eden-prvih-upornikov-proti-nacizmu-v-mariboru/501692|title=Bojan Ilich (1922–1941) eden prvih upornikov proti nacizmu v Mariboru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maribor.si/povezava.aspx?pid=13371|title=Spominski dan MO Maribor in Dan upora proti okupatorju - Volkmerjev prehod}}</ref>

[[File:Glavni_trg_v_Mariboru_ob_osvoboditvi_1945.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Maribor in ruins, 1945.]]

Maribor was the site of a [[List of German World War II POW camps|German prisoner-of-war camp]] from 1941 to 1945 for many British, Australian, and New Zealand troops who had been captured in [[Battle of Crete|Crete in 1941]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stammlager|url=https://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/Kriegsgefangenenlager/Stammlager-R.htm|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=II: The Crete Campaign—Prisoners in Greece and Germany &#124; NZETC|url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Pris-_N75380.html|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.nzetc.org}}</ref> In 1944, the largest mass rescue of POWs of the war in Europe took place when 105 Allied prisoners from the camp were freed by Slovene partisans in the [[Raid at Ožbalt]]. The city, a major industrial centre with an extensive armament industry, was systematically bombed by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in the closing years of [[World War II]]. A total of 29 bombing raids devastated some 47% of the city area, killing 483 civilians and leaving over 4,200 people homeless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zivljenjenadotik.si/index.php?id=275&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3178&cHash=1838e06bd636ba2a9732f225784f6f85|title=Maribor 2012: Smrt je kosila tudi iz zraka|website=Zivljenjenadotik.si |access-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> Over 2,600 people died in Maribor during the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/razstave/kako-so-proslavili-osvoboditev-maribora-in-ga-znova-postavili-na-noge/364639|title=Kako so proslavili osvoboditev Maribora in ga znova postavili na noge|trans-title=How Maribor was liberated and rebuilt|publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref> By the end of the war, Maribor was the most war-damaged major town of Yugoslavia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zveza-msdbranik.si/vsebina/1/30/Po_2._svetovni_vojni.html |title=Zveza mariborskih športnih društev Branik |website=Zveza-msdbranik.si |access-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618180213/http://www.zveza-msdbranik.si/vsebina/1/30/Po_2._svetovni_vojni.html |archive-date=18 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The remaining German-speaking population, except those who had actively supported the resistance during the war, was [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|summarily expelled]] at the end of the war in May 1945.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Preece|first=Jennifer Jackson|date=1998|title=Ethnic Cleansing as an Instrument of Nation-State Creation: Changing State Practices and Evolving Legal Norms|journal=Human Rights Quarterly|volume=20|issue=4|pages=817–842|issn=0275-0392|jstor=762790|doi=10.1353/hrq.1998.0039|s2cid=201768841}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Troha |first=Nevenka |year=2014 |title=Nasilje vojnih in povojnih dni |location=Ljubljana |publisher=Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino |page=121}}</ref> At the same time [[Croatian Home Guard (World War II)|Croatian Home Guard]] members and their relatives who tried to escape from Yugoslavia were executed by the [[Yugoslav People's Army|Yugoslav Army]]. The existence of [[Mass graves in Maribor|nine mass graves]] in and near Maribor was revealed after Slovenia's independence.<ref>{{Cite book|title=War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945|last=Tomasevich|first=Jozo|year=2001}}</ref>

===Contemporary history===
After the Second World War, Maribor became part of [[SR Slovenia]], within [[SFR Yugoslavia]]. A major process of renewal and reconstruction began in the city.<ref name="Zgodovina Maribora" /> Maribor soon after became the industrial centre of Slovenia and the whole of Yugoslavia, hosting many known companies such as the [[Tovarna avtomobilov Maribor|Maribor Automobile Factory]] among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://industrijskapespot.si/|title=Maribor industrijske poti}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Godina Golija |first1=Maja |title=Maribor in Mariborčani |date=2015 |publisher=Raziskovalna postaja ZRC SAZU Maribor in Inštitut za slovensko narodopisje ZRC SAZU |location=Maribor |isbn= 9789612548483|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJeHDwAAQBAJ |access-date=14 June 2020|page=7}}</ref> The first clash between the Yugoslav People's Army and the [[Slovenian Territorial Defence]] in Slovenia's [[Ten-Day War|war of independence]] happened in nearby [[Pekre]] and on the streets of Maribor, resulting in the conflict's first casualty.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdruzenje-sever.si/sl/news/pekrski-dogodki-spominski-dan-mestne-obcine-maribor.html|title=Pekrski dogodki}}</ref> After Slovenia [[History of Slovenia#20th century|seceded]] from Yugoslavia in 1991, the loss of the Yugoslav market severely strained the city's economy, which was based on heavy industry. The city saw a record unemployment rate of nearly 25%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bieber |first1=Florian |last2=Brentin |first2=Dario 
|title=Social Movements in the Balkans: Rebellion and Protest from Maribor to Taksim
 |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn= 9781351684613|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDBiDwAAQBAJ|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sistory.si/hta/tranzicija/index-vpni.php?d=soocanje-s-tranzicijo-na-regionalni-ravni--primer-mariborske-obcine.html|title=Gospodarska tranzicija v Sloveniji (1990–2004)|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>

The economic situation of Maribor after the mid-1990s crisis worsened again with the onset of [[Great Recession|global economic crisis]] combined with the [[European debt crisis|European sovereign-debt crisis]], which was one of the causes for the beginning of [[2012–13 Maribor protests]] which spread into [[2012–13 Slovenian protests|2012–2013 Slovenian protests]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnevnik.si/1042565280|title=Godina: Kangler povod za proteste, vzrok zanje dolgoletno nezadovoljstvo|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> In 2012, Maribor was one of the two [[European Capital of Culture|European Capitals of Culture]], and the following year, Maribor was the [[European Youth Capital]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dediščine EPK-ja po zaprtju zavoda ne bi smeli zavreči |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/evropska-prestolnica-kulture/dediscine-epk-ja-po-zaprtju-zavoda-ne-bi-smeli-zavreci/300832 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=19 February 2024 |language=sl |date=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vrata sta zaprli točki, ki sta bili prvi stik obiskovalcev z EPK-jem |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/vrata-sta-zaprli-tocki-ki-sta-bili-prvi-stik-obiskovalcev-z-epk-jem/301358 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=19 February 2024 |language=sl |date=30 January 2013 |quote=Zanimanje za selitev vanje je pokazala Evropska prestolnica mladih (EPM), ki jo letos gosti Maribor.}}</ref>

==Geography==

===Topography===
On the [[Drava|Drava River]] lies Maribor Island ({{lang|sl|Mariborski otok}}). The oldest public bath, still an important and often visited place in Maribor, is located on the island.

There are two hills in Maribor: Calvary Hill and Pyramid Hill, both surrounded by vineyards. The latter dominates the northern border of the city. Ruins of the first Maribor castle from the 11th century and a chapel from the 19th century also stand there. The hill offers an easily accessible [[overlook|scenic overlook]] of Maribor and the countryside to the south over the Drava River.

===City districts===
The city of Maribor is divided into 11 districts ({{langx|sl|mestne četrti}}) of the [[City Municipality of Maribor]]. The [[Drava|Drava River]] separates the districts of Center, Koroška Vrata, and Ivan Cankar to the north from other districts south of it. The various city districts are connected by [[List of bridges in Maribor|four road bridges, a rail bridge, and a pedestrian bridge]].

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
# [[Brezje–Dogoše–Zrkovci District|Brezje–Dogoše–Zrkovci]]
# [[Center District, Maribor|Center]]
# [[Ivan Cankar District|Ivan Cankar]]
# [[Koroška Vrata District|Koroška Vrata]]
# [[Magdalena District, Maribor|Magdalena]]
# [[Nova Vas District|Nova Vas]]
# [[Pobrežje District|Pobrežje]]
# [[Radvanje District|Radvanje]]
# [[Studenci District|Studenci]]
# [[Tabor District|Tabor]]
# [[Tezno District|Tezno]]
{{Div col end}}

===Climate===
Maribor has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Dfb), bordering on [[oceanic climate]] (Köppen: Cfb).<ref name = koppen>{{cite journal| last1 = Kottek | first1 = M.| first2 =J. |last2=Grieser |first3=C.|last3=Beck |first4=B.|last4=Rudolf |first5=F.|last5=Rubel| title =World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated| journal =Meteorol. Z.| volume =15 | pages =259–263| url =http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf| doi =10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130| access-date =24 August 2012| year =2006| issue = 3| bibcode = 2006MetZe..15..259K}}</ref> Average temperatures hover around zero degrees Celsius during the winter. Summers are generally warm. Average temperatures during the city's warmest month (July) exceed 20 degrees Celsius, which is one of the main reasons for the Maribor wine tradition. The city sees on average roughly {{convert|900|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation annually and it's one of the sunniest Slovene cities, with an average of 266 sunny days throughout the course of the year. The most recent temperature heatwave record for August is 40.6&nbsp;°C, measured at the Maribor–Tabor weather station by the [[Slovenian Environment Agency]] (ARSO) on 8 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.politikis.si/?p=99256| title = Padel vročinski rekord: V Cerklju ob Krki bilo kar 40, 8 stopinj Celzija! {{!}} Politikis| date = 8 August 2013}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = [[Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport]] (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 17.8
| Feb record high C = 21.4
| Mar record high C = 25.5
| Apr record high C = 28.9
| May record high C = 32.1
| Jun record high C = 35.3
| Jul record high C = 37.7
| Aug record high C = 39.7 
| Sep record high C = 32.7
| Oct record high C = 27.0
| Nov record high C = 25.7
| Dec record high C = 19.5
| year record high C = 39.7
| Jan high C = 4.2
| Feb high C = 6.9
| Mar high C = 11.8
| Apr high C = 16.9
| May high C = 21.4
| Jun high C = 25.3
| Jul high C = 27.1
| Aug high C = 26.7
| Sep high C = 21.4
| Oct high C = 16.1
| Nov high C = 9.9
| Dec high C = 4.6
| year high C = 16.0
| Jan mean C = 0.0
| Feb mean C = 1.7
| Mar mean C = 6.0
| Apr mean C = 11.0
| May mean C = 15.6
| Jun mean C = 19.5
| Jul mean C = 21.0
| Aug mean C = 20.4
| Sep mean C = 15.5
| Oct mean C = 10.7
| Nov mean C = 5.7
| Dec mean C = 0.8
| year mean C = 10.7
| Jan low C = -3.8
| Feb low C = -2.9
| Mar low C = 0.7
| Apr low C = 5.0
| May low C = 9.6
| Jun low C = 13.3
| Jul low C = 14.7
| Aug low C = 14.4
| Sep low C = 10.4
| Oct low C = 6.2
| Nov low C = 2.1
| Dec low C = -2.8
| year low C = 5.6
| Jan record low C = -26.3
| Feb record low C = -26.1
| Mar record low C = -23.9
| Apr record low C = -9.5
| May record low C = -4.5
| Jun record low C = 0.5
| Jul record low C = 3.5
| Aug record low C = 4.5
| Sep record low C = -1.7
| Oct record low C = -6.6
| Nov record low C = -17.4
| Dec record low C = -24.1
| year record low C = -26.3
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 33
| Feb precipitation mm = 43
| Mar precipitation mm = 49
| Apr precipitation mm = 62
| May precipitation mm = 97
| Jun precipitation mm = 107
| Jul precipitation mm = 103
| Aug precipitation mm = 101
| Sep precipitation mm = 113
| Oct precipitation mm = 87
| Nov precipitation mm = 82
| Dec precipitation mm = 60
| year precipitation mm = 939
| Jan snow depth cm = 5
| Feb snow depth cm = 6
| Mar snow depth cm = 2
| Apr snow depth cm = 0
| May snow depth cm = 0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0
| Nov snow depth cm = 1
| Dec snow depth cm = 3
| year snow depth cm = 1.4
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8
| Feb precipitation days = 8
| Mar precipitation days = 9
| Apr precipitation days = 12
| May precipitation days = 14
| Jun precipitation days = 13
| Jul precipitation days = 12
| Aug precipitation days = 11
| Sep precipitation days = 11
| Oct precipitation days = 11
| Nov precipitation days = 12
| Dec precipitation days = 10
| year precipitation days = 131
| Jan sun = 83.4
| Feb sun = 112.8
| Mar sun = 155.0
| Apr sun = 195.8
| May sun = 240.2
| Jun sun = 256.9
| Jul sun = 277.5
| Aug sun = 259.2
| Sep sun = 183.9
| Oct sun = 141.5
| Nov sun = 80.4
| Dec sun = 68.6
| year sun = 2055.2
|source 1 = [[Slovenian Environment Agency]] (snow depth 1981–2010)<ref>{{Cite web 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230825233408/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/letalisce_maribor/
| archive-date = 25 August 2023
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/letalisce_maribor/
| title = Letališče Edvarda Rusjana Maribor Podnebne statistike 1950-2020
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency
| language = sl
| access-date = 25 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230825233751/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/letalisce-maribor/climate-normals_81-10_Maribor-ER-Airport_eng.pdf
| archive-date = 25 August 2023
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/letalisce-maribor/climate-normals_81-10_Maribor-ER-Airport_eng.pdf
| title = Maribor ER Climate Normals 1981-2010
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency
| access-date = 25 August 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1991–2020)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230825234019/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/MariborSlivnica_14026.csv
| archive-date = 25 August 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/MariborSlivnica_14026.csv
| title = Maribor Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 25 August 2023}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
| location = Maribor (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 17.3
| Feb record high C = 23.0
| Mar record high C = 25.4
| Apr record high C = 28.7
| May record high C = 33.0
| Jun record high C = 35.6
| Jul record high C = 37.8
| Aug record high C = 39.8 
| Sep record high C = 32.9
| Oct record high C = 27.3
| Nov record high C = 23.6
| Dec record high C = 20.1
| year record high C = 39.8
| Jan high C = 4.1
| Feb high C = 6.9
| Mar high C = 11.6
| Apr high C = 16.6
| May high C = 20.9
| Jun high C = 24.7
| Jul high C = 26.5
| Aug high C = 26.1
| Sep high C = 20.9
| Oct high C = 15.8
| Nov high C = 9.6
| Dec high C = 4.4
| year high C = 15.7
| Jan mean C = -0.1
| Feb mean C = 1.6
| Mar mean C = 5.7
| Apr mean C = 10.4
| May mean C = 14.8
| Jun mean C = 18.6
| Jul mean C = 20.3
| Aug mean C = 19.8
| Sep mean C = 14.9
| Oct mean C = 10.2
| Nov mean C = 5.4
| Dec mean C = 0.7
| year mean C = 10.2
| Jan low C = -3.8
| Feb low C = -2.9
| Mar low C = 0.6
| Apr low C = 4.9
| May low C = 9.2
| Jun low C = 13.1
| Jul low C = 14.8
| Aug low C = 14.6
| Sep low C = 10.3
| Oct low C = 5.9
| Nov low C = 1.8
| Dec low C = -2.8
| year low C = 5.5
| Jan record low C = -23.0
| Feb record low C = -22.6
| Mar record low C = -20.5
| Apr record low C = -6.6
| May record low C = -5.5
| Jun record low C = 1.1
| Jul record low C = 4.1
| Aug record low C = 3.9
| Sep record low C = -2.4
| Oct record low C = -6.9
| Nov record low C = -14.3
| Dec record low C = -21.8
| year record low C = -23.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 31
| Feb precipitation mm = 42
| Mar precipitation mm = 49
| Apr precipitation mm = 63
| May precipitation mm = 101
| Jun precipitation mm = 104
| Jul precipitation mm = 101
| Aug precipitation mm = 111
| Sep precipitation mm = 116
| Oct precipitation mm = 89
| Nov precipitation mm = 83
| Dec precipitation mm = 59
| year precipitation mm = 949
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 9
| Feb precipitation days = 8
| Mar precipitation days = 10
| Apr precipitation days = 12
| May precipitation days = 15
| Jun precipitation days = 14
| Jul precipitation days = 14
| Aug precipitation days = 12
| Sep precipitation days = 12
| Oct precipitation days = 11
| Nov precipitation days = 12
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 140
|source 1 = [[Slovenian Environment Agency]]<ref>{{Cite web 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230825232203/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/maribor_vrbanski_plato/
| archive-date = 25 August 2023
| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/maribor_vrbanski_plato/
| title = Maribor Vrbanski plato Podnebne statistike 1950-2020
| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency
| language = sl
| access-date = 25 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Architecture==

[[File:Maribor Town Hall square Slovenia Europe. Maribor Town Hall and Plague Column on the central square, Lower Styria, in Slovenia (51785089734).jpg|thumb|Main square with the Town Hall]]
Many historical structures stand in Maribor. Of the remains of city walls surrounding the old downtown, the most prominent are the [[Judgement Tower]], the [[Maribor Water Tower|Water Tower]], and the Jewish Tower. [[Maribor Cathedral]] was built in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]] in the 13th century. [[Maribor Synagogue]] was built in the 14th century, and is the second oldest synagogue of Europe. Today it serves as a centre for cultural activities. Other prominent Medieval buildings are [[Maribor Castle]], [[Betnava Mansion|Betnava Castle]], and the ruins of [[Upper Maribor Castle]] on Pyramid Hill.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maribor-pohorje.si/defence-towers.aspx |title=Slovenia-Maribor: Defence Towers |website=Maribor-pohorje.si |access-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> [[Maribor Town Hall|Town Hall]] was constructed in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance style]], and the [[Plague Column (Maribor)|Plague Column]] in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque style]].

At the start of the 21st century, plans were made for a new modern business, residential and entertainment district, called the [[Dravska Vrata|Drava Gate]] ({{lang|sl|Dravska vrata}}) and nicknamed the ''Maribor Manhattan''. The project includes many new exclusive residential apartments, offices and conference halls, a green and recreational space, and other structures. It also includes a {{convert|111|m|abbr=on}} tall skyscraper that would be the tallest building in Slovenia. Due to lack of finances, the project has been postponed.

In 2008, the [[Studenci Footbridge]] ({{lang|sl|Studenška brv}}) was renovated according to the design of the Ponting company. The design was awarded that year at the 3rd International Footbridge Conference in [[Porto]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Studenška brv prejela nagrado na konferenci Footbridge |url=https://www.sta.si/1301654/studenska-brv-prejela-nagrado-na-konferenci-footbridge |website=sta.si |publisher=[[Slovenian Press Agency]] |access-date=30 April 2021 |language=sl |date=12 July 2008}}</ref>

In 2010, Maribor organised an international architectural competition ''ECC Maribor 2012 – Drava 2012'' to gather proposals for the design and reconstruction of the Drava banks, the construction of a new art gallery, and for a new footbridge. Its jury received about 400 proposals for the three different projects. The footbridge and the river embankments will be built in the near future, but the art gallery was replaced with a cultural center [[MAKS (cultural centre)|MAKS]], which is currently under construction.

The construction of a new modern [[Faculty of Medicine (Maribor)|Faculty of Medicine]] started in 2011 near the Drava River. It was designed by architect [[Boris Podrecca]] and was completed in 2013.

There are plans to renovate the [[Maribor Public Library]] and [[Town Hall Square (Maribor)|Town Hall Square]] ({{lang|sl|Rotovški trg}}). In addition, the renovation of [[Maribor Island]] ({{lang|sl|Mariborski otok}}) in the Drava River has been planned.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Maribor, Glavni trg, stara mestna hiša.jpg|Town Hall
File:Maribor, Slovenia (52221164315).jpg|Maribor Cathedral
File:Maribor City Municipality - Judgement Tower - 20220522131702.jpg|Judgement Tower 
File:FranciscanChurch Maribor.jpg|Franciscan Church
File:UniverzaMaribor.jpg|University Building
File:Maribor, Grajski trg.jpg|Maribor Castle
File:Vodni stolp.jpg|Water Tower
File:Maribor, Slovenia (52219569827).jpg|National Hall
File:Kužno znamenje Maribor.jpg|Plague Column
File:Maribor, Stari most (2).jpg|Old Bridge
File:DvorecBetnava1.JPG|Betnava Manor
</gallery>

==Parks and other green spaces==
{{expand section|date=October 2015}}
[[File:Pavilion, Maribor City Park, July 2007.JPG|150px|right|thumb|The bandstand in Maribor City Park]]
The main park in the city is {{ill|Maribor City Park|sl|Mariborski park}}, with the {{ill|City Aquarium and Terrarium|sl|Akvarij-terarij Maribor}}, and a wide promenade leading to the {{ill|Three Ponds|sl|Trije ribniki}}, containing over 100 local and foreign species of deciduous and coniferous trees.

== Demographics ==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{more citations needed section|date=October 2015}}
{{expand section|date=October 2015}}
}}
{{historical population|1948|62677|1953|70815|1961|82560|1971|96895|1981|106113|1991|103961|2002|93847|2011|95171|2021|97019|align=right|cols=1|source=SURS<ref>{{cite web |title=Censuses 1948–1991|url=https://www.stat.si/popis2011/eng/Cons4891.aspx?lang=eng|website=stat.si|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population census 1991 and 2002|url=https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStat/en/Podrocja/Index/100/population/?population-census-1991-and-2002-#507|website=stat.si|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population by sex and by age, municipalities and settlements, Slovenia, annually|url=https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/en/Data/-/05C5003S.px/table/tableViewLayout2/|website=stat.si|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]]}}</ref>}}

=== Catholic Church ===
[[File:MP stolnica.JPG|thumb|Maribor Cathedral]]
Maribor, previously in the [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau|Diocese of Graz-Seckau]], became part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant|Diocese of Lavant]] on 1 June 1859, and the seat of its [[Prince-bishop|Prince-Bishop]]. The name of the diocese (after a river in [[Carinthia]]) was later changed to the Diocese of Maribor on 5 March 1962. It was elevated to an [[archdiocese]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 7 April 2006.

===Jewish community===
{{See also|History of the Jews in Slovenia|Maribor Synagogue}}
[[File:Synagogue in Maribor Slovenia.JPG|thumb|Maribor Synagogue]]
Jewish people living in Maribor were first mentioned in 1277. It is suggested that at that time there was already a Jewish quarter in the city. The Jewish ghetto was located in the southeastern part of the city and it comprised, at its peak, several main streets in the city centre including part of the main city square. The ghetto had a [[Maribor Synagogue|synagogue]], a Jewish cemetery and also a [[Talmud]] school. The Jewish community of Maribor was numerically at its apex around 1410. After 1450 the circumstances changed dramatically: increasing competition that coincided with an economic crisis dealt a severe blow to the economic activities that were crucial to their economic success. According to a decree issued by [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian&nbsp;I]] in 1496, Jews were forced to leave the city of Maribor. Restrictions on settlement and business for Jews remained in place until 1861.<ref>[http://www.jewishcommunity.si/jss/ENG-zgodovina.asp Jewish community of Slovenia]  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128114733/http://www.jewishcommunity.si/jss/ENG-zgodovina.asp |date=January 28, 2010 }}</ref> From late spring 1941, after Lower Styria was annexed by the Third Reich, the Jews of Maribor were deported to concentration camps.

==Culture==
[[File:UniverzaMaribor.jpg|thumb|left|Headquarters of the [[University of Maribor]]]]
[[File:Maribor Zametovka vine and daughter.png|thumb|left|The more-than-400-year-old Žametovka grapevine growing outside the Old Vine House in Maribor. Right of it grows a daughter grapevine that has been cut from it.]]
The city is the location of the [[University of Maribor]], established in 1975,<ref>{{cite web |title=Na Univerzi v Mariboru obeležili Dan univerze |url=https://maribor24.si/lokalno/na-univerzi-v-mariboru-obelezili-dan-univerze |website=maribor24.si |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl-SI |date=18 September 2019}}</ref> [[Alma Mater Europaea – Evropski center, Maribor|Alma Mater Europaea]], and several other higher education institutions. High schools include Maribor High School No. 1 (''Prva gimnazija Maribor'') and  Maribor High School No. 2 (''[[II. gimnazija Maribor]]'').<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ambrož |first1=Nina |title=Prva gimnazija Maribor: Za 170 let 170 zgodb |url=https://www.vecer.com/maribor/aktualno/prva-gimnazija-maribor-za-170-let-170-zgodb-10177893 |website=[[Večer (Slovenia)|Večer]] |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl-si |date=3 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ivelja |first1=Ranka |title=Ivan Lorenčič, ravnatelj II. gimnazije Maribor: Če hočemo vrhunske rezultate, brez stresa in napora ne gre |url=https://www.dnevnik.si/1042760919 |website=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl |date=28 January 2017}}</ref>

Every June, the two-week [[Lent Festival]] (named after the waterfront district called Lent) is held, with hundreds of musical, theatrical and other events.<ref>{{cite web |author1=M. Z. |title=Konec z ognjemetom in upi na svetlejšo prihodnost |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/zabava-in-slog/popkultura/druzabno/konec-z-ognjemetom-in-upi-na-svetlejso-prihodnost/493283 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl |date=29 June 2019}}</ref> Every year the festival attracts theatre, opera, ballet performers, classical, modern, and jazz musicians and dancers from all over the world.

Maribor is known for wine and culinary specialities of international and Slovene cuisine (mushroom soup with buckwheat mush, tripe, sour soup, sausages with Sauerkraut, cheese dumplings, apple strudel, special cheese cake called [[gibanica]]). There are also many popular restaurants with [[Serbian cuisine]]. The Vinag Wine Cellar ({{lang|sl|Vinagova vinska klet}}), with the area of {{convert|20.000|m2|abbr=on}} and the length of {{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}}, keeps 5,5 millions litres of wine. The house of the oldest grapevine in the world ({{lang|sl|Hiša stare trte}}) at Lent grows the world's oldest grapevine, which was in 2004 recorded in ''[[Guinness World Records]]''. The grapevine of [[Žametovka]] is over 400 years old.<ref>{{cite web |author1=D. S. |title=Na Lentu obrali najstarejšo trto na svetu, prvi grozd je odrezal Tone Partljič |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/zabava-in-slog/ture-avanture/na-lentu-obrali-najstarejso-trto-na-svetu-prvi-grozd-je-odrezal-tone-partljic/536611 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl |date=20 September 2020}}</ref>

The most listened radio station transmitting from Maribor is the commercial radio station [[Radio City, Maribor|Radio City]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grbin |first1=Branka |title=Menjava na prvem mestu najbolj poslušanega radia v Sloveniji |url=https://siol.net/trendi/glasba/menjava-na-prvem-mestu-najbolj-poslusanega-radia-v-sloveniji-462571 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=6 January 2021 |language=sl |date=16 March 2018}}</ref> Other radio stations broadcasting from Maribor include Radio NET FM, Radio Maribor, Rock Maribor, Radio Brezje, and Maribor Študent Radio (MARŠ).

The alternative scene of Maribor is situated in the Pekarna Cultural Centre, located in a former military bakery area in the [[Magdalena District, Maribor|Magdalena District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pekarna Cultural Centre |url=https://www.culture.si/en/Pekarna_Cultural_Centre |website=Culture.si |language=en|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>

==Sports==

===Team sports===
Maribor is the hometown of the [[association football|football]] club [[NK Maribor]], playing in the [[Slovenian PrvaLiga|Slovenian top division]]. NK Maribor has won the domestic title a record 16 times<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nejedly |first1=Gorazd |title=Prepričljiv šprint Mariborčanov za 16. naslov prvaka |url=https://www.delo.si/sport/nogomet/prepricljiv-sprint-mariborcanov-za-16-naslov-prvaka/ |website=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]] |access-date=26 May 2022 |language=sl-si |date=22 May 2022}}</ref> and has participated in the [[UEFA Champions League]] group stage on three occasions, in 1999, 2014, and 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Čaroben večer v Ljudskem vrtu: Maribor šampion v Ligi prvakov! |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/novice/caroben-vecer-v-ljudskem-vrtu-maribor-sampion-v-ligi-prvakov/430598 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=12 January 2021 |language=sl |date=22 August 2017}}</ref> The club's home ground is [[Ljudski vrt]], located in the [[Koroška Vrata]] district.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:0 auto; width:65%;"
|+ Major sports clubs based in Maribor
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Venue
|-
|[[NK Maribor]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Slovenian PrvaLiga]]
|[[Ljudski vrt]]
|-
|[[ŽNK MB Tabor]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Slovenian Women's League|Slovenian Women's Football League]]
|Tabor Sports Park
|-
|[[AKK Branik Maribor]]
|[[Basketball]]
|Slovenian Third Basketball League
|Lukna Sports Hall
|-
|[[ŽKD Maribor]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[Slovenian Women's Basketball League]]
|Lukna Sports Hall
|-
|[[RK Maribor Branik]]
|[[Handball]]
|Slovenian Second Handball League
|Lukna Sports Hall
|-
|[[OK Maribor]]
|[[Volleyball]]
|[[Slovenian Volleyball League]]
|[[Tabor Hall]]
|-
|[[OK OTP Banka Branik]]
|[[Volleyball]]
|[[Slovenian Women's Volleyball League]]
|[[Tabor Hall]]
|-
|[[HDK Maribor]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|Ö Eishockey Liga, [[Slovenian Ice Hockey League|Slovenian National Championship]]
|Tabor Ice Hall
|-
|}

===Winter sports===
The [[Maribor Pohorje Ski Resort]], situated on the outskirts of the city on the slopes of the [[Pohorje]] mountain range, hosted the women's [[Slalom skiing|slalom]] and [[giant slalom]] races for the [[Alpine Skiing World Cup]]. The competition, known as the [[Golden Fox]] ({{langx|sl|Zlata lisica}}), was held for the first time in 1964,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rubin |first1=Miha |title=50 let Zlate lisice |url=https://old.delo.si/novice/slovenija/50-let-zlate-lisice.html |website=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |language=sl-si |date=18 January 2014}}</ref> and was last held in Maribor in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zlata lisica znova v Kranjski Gori |url=https://www.dnevnik.si/1042980197 |website=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |access-date=5 January 2024|language=sl |date=31 December 2021}}</ref> Since then, due to the lack of snow in the city, the event has been relocated to [[Kranjska Gora]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Podgoršek |first1=Matej |title=Pohorcev protestno ne bo v Kranjsko Goro |url=https://siol.net/sportal/zimski-sporti/zlata-lisica-prvic-brez-pohorcev-tudi-v-znak-protesta-623759 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=5 January 2024 |language=sl |date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

===Event hosting===
[[File:Ljudski vrt 2015.jpg|right|300px|thumb|[[Ljudski vrt]] stadium, the home of [[NK Maribor]]]]
In November 2012, Maribor hosted the [[World Youth Chess Championship]] with [[Garry Kasparov]] as the guest of honour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kasparov v Mariboru: Če se oziramo nazaj, se nam bo začelo vrteti |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/svet/kasparov-v-mariboru-ce-se-oziramo-nazaj-se-nam-bo-zacelo-vrteti/296164 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |language=sl |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> It was presumed that Maribor would also host the [[2013 Winter Universiade]], but the [[Government of Slovenia]] refused any financial support for the project.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://old.delo.si/novice/slovenija/kresanje-mnenj-o-univerzijadi.html |title=Kresanje mnenj o univerzijadi |language=sl |trans-title=Clashes of opinion about the Universiade |date=19 February 2012 |access-date=16 February 2021|newspaper=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]]}}</ref> As a result, in March 2012, the [[International University Sports Federation]] decided that it would organise the Universiade elsewhere.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://old.slovenskenovice.si/novice/slovenija/mariboru-odvzeli-univerzijado |title= Mariboru odvzeli univerzijado |language=sl |newspaper=[[Slovenske novice]] |trans-title= The Universiade taken away from Maribor |date=6 March 2012|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> In the same year, Maribor also withdrew as one of the host cities of the [[EuroBasket 2013]] due to lack of finances.<ref>{{cite web |title="Avtocesta" do Eurobasketa odprta, zdaj je na vrsti država |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/kosarka/avtocesta-do-eurobasketa-odprta-zdaj-je-na-vrsti-drzava/241743 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |language=sl |date=17 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Primorac: Maribor ostal brez EP zaradi župana |url=https://siol.net/sportal/kosarka/primorac-maribor-ostal-brez-ep-zaradi-zupana-141999 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |language=sl |date=25 December 2012}}</ref>

Maribor's Ljudski vrt stadium was one of the venues for the [[2012 UEFA European Under-17 Championship]] and the [[2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]. In July 2023, Maribor hosted the [[2023 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|17th edition]] of the [[European Youth Olympic Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Olimpijski festival mladine v Mariboru: Župan Arsenovič ne želi, da bi se ponovil fiasko z univerzijado |url=https://www.vecer.com/maribor/aktualno/olimpijski-festival-mladine-v-mariboru-zupan-arsenovic-ne-zeli-da-bi-se-ponovil-fiasko-z-univerzijado-10231964 |website=[[Večer (Slovenia)|Večer]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |language=sl-si |date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

===Sports parks===
Maribor's sports parks include the Pohorje Adrenaline Park ({{lang|sl|Adrenalinski park Pohorje}}), the Pohorje Bike Park, and the Betnava Adventure Park (''Pustolovski park Betnava'') with [[ropes course]]s, [[zip-line]]s, and poles.{{clarify|date=June 2016}}

==Transport==
{{prose|section|date=October 2015}}
*[[List of bridges in Maribor]]
*[[Maribor railway station]]
**[[Tauern Railway]]
*[[Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport]]

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Maribor is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name = "twin_cities">{{cite web | url = http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx?id=1162 | title = Prijateljska in partnerska mesta |trans-title=Friendly and partner cities | website= maribor.si | access-date = 4 March 2016 | language = sl }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Royal Borough of Greenwich]], [[London]], United Kingdom, since 1967
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Kraljevo]], Serbia, since 1970
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Marburg]], Germany, since 1979
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udine]], Italy, since 1985
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szombathely]], Hungary, since 1985
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Graz]], Austria, since 1987
*{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Pétange]], Luxembourg, since 1992
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Osijek]], Croatia, since 1995
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Tours]], France, since 1997
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, since 2001
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pueblo, Colorado]], United States, since 2006
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine, since 2012
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hangzhou]], China, since 2017
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chongqing]], China, since 2017
{{div col end}}

=== Partner cities ===
Maribor has signed partnerships with:<ref name = "twin_cities"/>

{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*{{flagicon|NMK}} [[Kumanovo]], North Macedonia, since 2014
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ningbo]], China, since 2014
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Nanjing]], China, since 2015
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Nanchang]], China, since 2015
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Novi Sad]], Serbia, since 2015
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huai'an]], China, since 2015
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Makarska]], Croatia, since 2015
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yancheng]], China, since 2015
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wuxi]], China, since 2015
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vologda]], [[Vologda Oblast]], Russia, since 2016
*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]], Montenegro, since 2016
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Kutaisi]], Georgia, since 2016
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Maladzyechna]], Belarus, since 2016
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wuhan]], China, since 2016
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Mahallat]], Iran, since 2016
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Sari, Iran|Sari]], Iran, since 2016
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Veliko Tarnovo]], Bulgaria, since 2016
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Smederevo]], Serbia, since 2017
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Oryol]], [[Oryol Oblast]], Russia, since 2017
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Xi'an]], China, since 2017
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Jinan]], China, since 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Jinan, a City of Springs Sister Cities Maribor, Slovenia |url=http://english.jinan.gov.cn/art/2018/12/6/art_29566_2732579.html |website=english.jinan.gov.cn |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208143923/http://english.jinan.gov.cn/art/2018/12/6/art_29566_2732579.html |archive-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Maribor train station2.jpg|[[Maribor railway station]]
File:Maribor.jpg|[[Pohorje]]
File:Maribor Castle 02.jpg|Maribor Castle tower.
File:15-11-25-Maribor Inenstadt-RalfR-WMA 4226.jpg|Street in Maribor
File:SNG Maribor - Slovene National Theatre Maribor.jpg|[[Maribor Slovene National Theatre|Slovene National Theatre Maribor]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of people from Maribor]]
* [[St. Lazar's Church (Maribor)|St. Lazar's Church]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Maribor}}
{{Wikivoyage|Maribor}}
* {{official website|http://www.maribor.si/}} {{in lang|sl|en}}
* [http://www.maribor-tourism.si/ Tourism homepage] {{in lang|sl|en}}
* [https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:757_x1741543.7131424965_y5869504.735142836_s13_b2345 Maribor on Geopedia]
* [http://www.slovenia.info/en/-ctg-kraji/Maribor.htm?_ctg_kraji=2625&rsearchurl=%2Fdefault%2Easp%3Fhome%3D0%26srch%3D1%26wp%5Fid%3Dwp%5FC2049%5FI0%5FW36%5FL1%5FN15%5F%26searchcategoryidwp%5FC2049%5FI0%5FW36%5FL1%5FN15%5F%3D%26homeCtgIdwp%5FC2049%5FI0%5FW36%5FL1%5FN15%5F%3D2049%26defCtgIdwp%5FC2049%5FI0%5FW36%5FL1%5FN15%5F%3D2049%26srchtype%3Dglobal%26searchstrwp%5FC2049%5FI0%5FW36%5FL1%5FN15%5F%3Dmaribor&searchstrwp_C2049_I0_W81_L1_N12_=maribor&wp_id=wp_C2049_I0_W81_L1_N12_&lng=2 Maribor, the official travel guide to Slovenia]
* [http://zemljevid.najdi.si/search.jsp?q=Maribor&tab=maps Interactive map of Maribor] at [http://www.najdi.si/ Najdi.si] {{in lang|sl}}

{{Maribor}}
{{Municipalities of Slovenia}}
{{European Capital of Culture}}
{{European Youth Capital}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maribor| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Styria (Slovenia)]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Urban Municipality of Maribor]]