Editing Marietta, Ohio

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name            = Marietta, Ohio
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Marietta Ohio.jpg
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|image_caption            = Downtown Marietta, with [[Muskingum River]] in foreground, and [[Ohio River]] in background right
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<!-- Location -->
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|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Ohio]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington]]<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
| named_for               = [[Marie Antoinette]]<ref name="NamedAfter">{{cite web|title=Marietta, Ohio|url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Marietta,_Ohio|publisher=Ohio Central History|access-date=March 31, 2021}}</ref>
|government_type          = [[Mayor-council]]
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Josh Schlicher ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]){{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
|leader_title1            = 
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|established_title        = Settled
|established_date         = April 7, 1788
|established_title1       = Incorporated
|established_date1        = December 2, 1800

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<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 13385
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|postal_code              = 45750
|area_code                = [[Area code 740|740]], [[Area code 220|220]]
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|blank_info               = 39-47628<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
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|blank1_info              = 1087138<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1087138}}</ref>
|website                  = http://www.mariettaoh.net/
|footnotes                = 
}}
[[File:Muskingum River Marietta.jpg|thumb|[[Muskingum River]] near its mouth in downtown Marietta]]

'''Marietta''' is a city in [[Washington County, Ohio]], United States, and its [[county seat]]. It is located in [[Appalachian Ohio|southeastern Ohio]] at the confluence of the [[Muskingum River|Muskingum]] and [[Ohio River]]s, {{convert|11|mi}} northeast of [[Parkersburg, West Virginia]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], Marietta has a population of 13,385 people. It is the principal city of the Marietta [[Micropolitan statistical area|micropolitan area]], which includes all of Washington County, and is the second-largest city in the [[Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area|Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna combined statistical area]].

Founded in 1788 by pioneers to the [[Ohio Country]], Marietta was the first permanent U.S. settlement in the newly established [[Northwest Territory]], created in 1787, and what would later become the state of Ohio. It is named for [[Marie Antoinette]], then Queen of France, in honor of [[France in the American Revolutionary War|French aid in the American Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marietta, Ohio - Ohio History Central |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Marietta,_Ohio |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=ohiohistorycentral.org}}</ref> The area was inhabited by various native tribes of the [[Hopewell tradition]], who built the [[Marietta Earthworks]], a complex more than 1,500 years old, whose Great Mound and other major monuments were preserved by the earliest settlers in parks such as [[Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio)|Mound Cemetery]]. Since 1835 the city has been home to [[Marietta College]], a private, nonsectarian liberal arts school with approximately 1,200 students. Leading up to the [[American Civil War]], the city was a station on the [[Underground Railroad]].

==History==
===Prehistoric===
Succeeding Indigenous cultures lived along the Ohio River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Among them were more than one culture who built earthwork mounds, monuments which generally expressed their cosmology, often with links to astronomical events.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hissem |first=L. V. |date=November 24, 2023 |title=Native American history of the MOV: Pre-colonization |url=https://www.wtap.com/2023/11/25/native-american-history-mov-pre-colonization/ |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=WTAP |language=en}}</ref>

Between 100 BC and AD 500, the [[Hopewell culture]] built the multi-earthwork complex on the terrace east of the Muskingum River near its mouth with the Ohio. It is now known as the Marietta Earthworks. Developed over many years, it had a large enclosed square, within which were four platform mounds, used for ceremonial purposes and elite residential; another square, and a larger conical mound used for burials. A walled, graded path led to the river's edge.<ref name="OHC" /> By the time of the historic tribes, such as the [[Shawnee]], the purposes and makers of the monuments were no longer known.

===Settlement===
[[File:CampusMartius.jpg|thumb|Campus Martius fort at Marietta, with conical Great Mound visible in background to right of tree]]
[[File:PicketedPointMariettaOH.jpg|thumb|Picketed Point stockade at Marietta]]

French explorers entered this area in the 18th century, and in 1749 buried numerous leaden plates to mark their claim to the Ohio Country (which they called the Illinois Territory, as they had more settlements near the [[Mississippi River]].) They later ceded their territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain after the [[French and Indian War]]. Two of their plates were discovered in the Marietta area in 1798, and one was replicated for what is known as the French monument, erected in the 20th century (see photo).

In 1770, the future [[U.S. president]] [[George Washington]], then a [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]], began exploring large tracts of land west of his native [[Virginia]]. During the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], Washington told his friend General [[Rufus Putnam]] of the beauty he had seen in his travels through the [[Ohio Valley]] and of his ideas for settling the territory.  In the summer of 1781, John Carpenter built [[Carpenter's Fort, Ohio|Carpenter's Fort]], or Carpenter's Station as it was sometimes called, a fortified house above the mouth of Short Creek on the Ohio side of the Ohio River, near present-day Marietta.<ref>J. A. Caldwell: ''History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio'', Historical Publishing Co., Wheeling, W.Va., 1880, p. 605, reprinted 1983.</ref><ref>Julie Minot Overton, with Kay Ballantyne Hudson and Sunda Anderson Peters, eds.: ''Ohio Towns and Townships to 1900: A Location Guide'', The Ohio Genealogical Society, Mansfield, Ohio: Penobscot Press, 2000, p. 59.</ref>

After the [[American Revolutionary War]], the U.S. sold or granted large tracts of land to stimulate development in this area. Marietta was founded by settlers from [[New England]] who were investors in the [[Ohio Company of Associates]].<ref name="Hubbard, Robert Ernest pp. 80, 103">Hubbard, Robert Ernest.  ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 80, 103-4, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2020.  {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1913&dat=19700502&id=cn8gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hGgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=823,280187|title = Lewiston Evening Journal - Google News Archive Search}}</ref> It was the first of numerous [[New England]] settlements in what was then the [[Northwest Territory]].<ref name="New England page 175">Lois Kimball Mathews, ''The Expansion of New England: The Spread of New England Settlement and Institutions to the Mississippi River, 1620–1865'', page 175</ref> These New Englanders, or "[[Yankee]]s" as they were called, were descended from the [[Puritan]] English colonists who had settled [[New England]] in the 1600s and were primarily [[Congregationalist church|Congregationalists]]. The first church constructed in Marietta was a Congregationalist church, founded around 1786.<ref name="New England page 175" /> Before the mid-1790s services were held at the fort or in Munsell's Hall at nearby Point Harmar. In 1798 the Muskingum Academy was built on the site of the 19th century Marietta Congregationalist Church. The academy building served both educational and religious purposes.<ref>Dickinson, Rev. CE. ''A History of the First Congregational Church of Marietta''. self-publ., 1896. 9–30</ref>

After the war, the newly formed United States had little cash but plenty of land. Eager to develop additional lands, the new government decided to pay veterans of the Revolution with [[Warrant (finance)|warrants]] for land in the [[Northwest Territory]], which was organized under federal authority in 1787 by the [[Northwest Ordinance]]. Competing states had agreed to end their claims to the lands; Pennsylvania and Virginia received some lands in a settlement. [[Arthur St. Clair]] was appointed by the president as governor of the new territory. He was inaugurated on a site now marked by the [[Start Westward Memorial]].

The [[Ohio Company of Associates]] had supported provisions in the ordinance to allow veterans to use their warrants to purchase the land. They bought 1.5 million [[acres]] (6,100&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of land from [[Congress of the United States|Congress]].<ref name="Hubbard, Robert Ernest pp. 80, 103"/> On April 7, 1788, [[American Pioneers to the Northwest Territory|48 men]] of the Ohio Company of Associates, led by General Putnam, arrived at the confluence of the [[Muskingum River|Muskingum]] and [[Ohio]] rivers.<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest.  ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 107-10, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2020.  {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref> The site was on the east side of the Muskingum River, across from [[Fort Harmar]], a military outpost built three years prior.

Bringing with them the first government sanctioned by the US for this area,<ref name="Hildreth">Hildreth, S. P.: ''Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory'', H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848)</ref> they established the first permanent United States settlement in the [[Northwest Territory]].<ref name="Hulbert Vol I">Hulbert, Archer Butler: ''The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume I'', Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917).</ref><ref name="Hulbert Vol II">Hulbert, Archer Butler: ''The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume II'', Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917). Note:</ref> (Older European settlements in the Northwest Territory region include [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan]], 1668; [[Cahokia, Illinois]], 1696, [[Detroit]], 1701; [[Kaskaskia, Illinois]], 1703, [[Ouiatenon, Indiana]], 1717, [[Prairie du Rocher, Illinois]], 1720; [[Vincennes, Indiana]], 1732, [[Clarksville, Indiana]], 1783, [[Martin's Ferry, Ohio]], 1785, Fort Finney/[[Jeffersonville, Indiana]], 1786, most settled by ethnic French colonists from Canada.) The Americans named Marietta in honor of [[Marie Antoinette]], the Queen of [[France]], who had aided the colonies in their battle for independence from Great Britain.

The settlers immediately started construction of two forts: [[Campus Martius (Ohio)|Campus Martius]], whose former site is now occupied by the [[Campus Martius Museum|museum of the same name]], and [[Picketed Point Stockade]], at the [[confluence]] of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. At the same time, the settlers started developing their community, platted according to plans they had made in Boston.

In 1788, [[George Washington]] said: {{cquote|No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at the Muskingum. ... If I was a young man, just preparing to begin the world, or if advanced in life and had a family to make provision for, I know of no country where I should rather fix my habitation....<ref name="Sparks IX 385">Sparks, Jared: ''The Writings of George Washington, Vol. IX'', Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 385.</ref>}}

The families of the settlers began arriving within a few months. By the end of 1788, 137 people populated the area.
[[File:PUTNAM exb.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rufus Putnam]] was George Washington's chief engineer.  After the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], he led the first settlers to Marietta, erected the [[Campus Martius (Ohio)|Campus Martius]] fort, and established the [[Northwest Territory]] as free soil - no slavery.]]

In 1789, the United States signed the [[Treaty of Fort Harmar]] with several Indigenous tribes that occupied areas of the [[Northwest Territory]], to settle issues related to trade, as well as the boundary between their lands and United States settlement. The US did not address the Indigenous people's major grievance about American settlers moving into their lands, particularly in the [[Western Reserve]], where there were disputes over land. Although Congress authorized Governor [[Arthur St. Clair]] to give land back to the Indigenous people, he did not do so. Conflict increased as the Indigenous people tried to push the settlers out. After years of warfare in the region, they were defeated. The US signed the [[Treaty of Greenville]] (1795) with the Indigenous people, which secured the safety of settlers to leave the forts and develop their farms. {{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The settlers held services regularly and chartered the first church in 1799.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40911/page/n11/mode/1up |last=Murray|first=Charles Augustus|title=The Prairie-bird|year=1845|page=3 |publisher=[[Richard Bentley (publisher)|Richard Bentley]] |place=London |access-date=2024-05-26 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> It was a [[Congregational church|Congregational]] institution; its charter was unusually inclusive due to the varied religious backgrounds of its members. The congregation constructed the first church building in 1807.<ref name="New England page 175" /> The original church burned in 1905 and another constructed in its place in 1906. The church, First Congregational Church United Church of Christ, is the longest continuously worshiping congregation west of the Alleghenies.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the First Congregational Church of Marietta, Ohio |url=https://www.mariettafirstchurch.org/history/ |website=mariettafirstchurch.org |access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>

Education was important to the settlers, many of whom had been officers during the Revolution. During that first winter, they began a basic school for the children at Campus Martius. In 1797, settlers founded Muskingum Academy. The town had numerous [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionists]], and Ephraim Cutler was instrumental as a state delegate in 1802 at the state convention in swaying the vote for the state to be free of slavery.<ref name="Yeager">[http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/06/travel/escapes/06amer.html?8dpc Robert C. Yeager, "A Historic River Town Where the West Began"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 6, 2009, accessed August 22, 2012</ref>

===19th century===
[[File:Marietta Works Squier and Davis Plate XXVI.jpg|thumb|upright|1837 Survey of Marietta Earthworks]]

Townspeople organized and chartered [[Marietta College]] in 1835. It was used as a station on the [[Underground Railroad]] to help [[slaves]] escape from the South.<ref name="Yeager" /> [[Ohio University]] was founded earlier in [[Athens, Ohio|Athens]], on land reserved for public education under the Northwest Ordinance.

The settlers preserved the Great Mound, or ''Conus,'' by planning their own [[Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio)|cemetery]] around it. They also preserved the two largest platform mounds, which they called ''Capitolinus'' and ''Quadrophenus.'' The former was developed as the site for the city library.<ref name="OHC" /> As of 1900, the [[Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio)|Mound Cemetery]] had the highest number of burials of Revolutionary War officers in the nation, indicating the nature of the generation that settled Marietta.<ref>[[Daughters of the American Revolution]] (DAR): ''American Monthly'', Vol. 16, Jan–Jun 1900, New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1900, p. 329</ref>

Marietta's location on two major navigable rivers made it ideal for [[Industry (manufacturing)|industry]] and [[commerce]]. [[Boat building]] was one of the early industries. Artisans built oceangoing vessels and sailed them downriver to the [[Mississippi River]] and south to New Orleans and the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. In less than two decades after settlement, the [[steamboat]] had been developed, and was also constructed here. Brick factories and [[sawmill]]s supplied materials for homes and public buildings. An iron mill, along with several foundries, provided rails for the growing [[railroad]] industry; the Marietta Chair Factory made [[furniture]].

Interest in the prehistoric culture that built the Marietta Earthworks continued. The complex was surveyed and drawn by [[E. G. Squier|Ephraim George Squier]] and [[Edwin Hamilton Davis]], whose large project on numerous prehistoric mounds throughout the Ohio and Mississippi valleys was published by the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in 1848 as ''[[Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley]].'' It was the first book published by the Smithsonian. Their drawing above shows the plan of the original complex, which "included a large square enclosure surrounding four flat-topped pyramidal mounds, another smaller square, and a circular enclosure with a large burial mound at its center."<ref name="OHC">[http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2219 "Marietta Earthworks"], Ohio History Central, accessed August 20, 2012</ref> The walled, graded path, called by the settlers the ''[[Sacra Via]]'', led from the largest enclosure to the lower river's edge. This pathway was destroyed in 1843 during mid-nineteenth century development.<ref name="OHC" />

===Railroads and oil===
Local development began with the [[Belpre and Cincinnati Railroad]] (B&C); it was founded in 1845. It was intended to connect from [[Belpre, Ohio]], the next town downriver, to a planned [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (B&O) spur to [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]]. But, for years, the Virginia government did not allow the B&O to construct track south of [[Wheeling, West Virginia|Wheeling]]. In 1851 developers changed the Ohio state terminus to Marietta and changed the name of the railroad to the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad that year. The right-of-way for an alternate connection to the B&O extended upriver from Marietta to [[Bellaire, Ohio]]. The M&C was bankrupt by 1857, but construction of track continued west to reach [[Cincinnati]]. The first through-train from Cincinnati ran on April 9, 1857. The M&C got out of bankruptcy in 1860.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

In 1871, the Ohio Valley Railroad was formed and for the next two years built tracks going north for 103 miles. Their home office was in Marietta, with treasurer offices in Pittsburgh. The Ohio Valley railroad was reorganized as the Marietta and Cleveland. The Pennsylvania Railroad in its expansion later purchased the railroad and its right-of-way between Marietta and Bellaire.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

Passengers traveling between Marietta and Parkersburg, Virginia (now West Virginia) had to take a steamboat for the 14 miles between the two towns and transfer. With help from the B&O and the Baltimore City Council, the Union Railroad finally connected Marietta to [[Belpre, Ohio]] in 1860. Later absorbed by the B&O, this section of track is still in operation (2008), with unit coal trains providing most of the traffic.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

The planned [[Parkersburg Bridge (CSX)|bridge]] from Parkersburg across the Ohio River to Belpre was finally built 1868–1870 by the B&O, as part of its main line from Baltimore to [[St. Louis, Missouri]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hh:@field(DOCID+@lit(WV0105)) ''Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Parkersburg Bridge, Ohio River, Parkersburg, Wood County, WV''], Historic American Engineering Record, accessed August 22, 2012</ref> This cut Marietta off from traffic and trade, although it retained local and Ohio service. In the early 20th century, 24 passenger trains served Marietta each day, most of which ran on the PRR tracks.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

[[William P. Cutler]] was a major figure in the M&C. He also backed the [[Union Railroad (Ohio)|Union Railroad]] and the Marietta, Columbus and Cleveland Railroad, among other local railroads. Cutler served as General Manager and as President of the M&C for many years.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

In 1860, oil was first drilled in the Marietta region. Oil booms in 1875 and 1910 made investors rich, who constructed numerous lavish houses in town, of which many still stand.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/06/travel/escapes/06amer.html?hpw |work=The New York Times |title=A Historic River Town Where the West Began |first=Robert C. |last=Yeager |date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref> The Dawes brothers of Marietta founded the [[Pure Oil Company]].{{when|date=March 2017}} All four brothers became nationally prominent businessmen or politicians: [[Charles Gates Dawes]], [[Rufus C. Dawes]], [[Beman Gates Dawes]] and [[Henry May Dawes]]. Charles Dawes was elected in 1924 with President [[Calvin Coolidge]] to serve as the 30th [[Vice President of the United States]] (1925–1929). In 1925, he shared the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], based on his work on the [[Dawes Plan]] and relieving an international crisis in 1923 related to German reparations after [[World War I]].

In 1880, the first [[Putnam Street Bridge]] was opened to connect Marietta to Fort Harmar. It provided the first free crossing of the [[Muskingum River]].{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

===20th century===
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2017}}
[[File:Geography of Ohio - DPLA - aaba7b3295ff6973b6fd1e23e33cde14 (page 143) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Map of Marietta, 1923]]

As transportation advanced along railroads and highways, Marietta was initially passed by. From 1868 to 1870, the [[B & O Railroad]] built a bridge to connect [[Parkersburg, West Virginia]] and Belpre; and the [[National Road]] went further north through [[Zanesville, Ohio|Zanesville]].

But the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] expanded in the late 19th century and had a station in Marietta, running 26 daily trains between Marietta and [[Pittsburgh]]. After WWII passenger service decreased as the railroads restructured and the federal government invested in highway construction. The last rail passenger service ended in 1953. Marietta was relatively isolated from new travel routes until 1967, when [[I-77]] was opened with close access to the city.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Before the United States entered World War I, a group of 23 young men went from Marietta College to serve in France in 1917 as an ambulance unit; four died in battle. In 1937–1938, during the US celebration of the Northwest Territory, France gave a plaque to the city of Marietta, which was installed on the French monument, to commemorate these young men and their service.
In 1939, the [[Sons and Daughters of Pioneer Rivermen]] was established in Marietta during the [[Great Depression]] to celebrate the city's substantial river history and its people. Two years later the [[Ohio River Museum]] was opened. In 1972, the museum campus was totally redesigned.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The 2016 Ohio State of the State address was held at People's Bank Theater on April 6. The speech was given by governor [[John Kasich]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schreckinger |first1=Ben |title=Kasich team says he can win New York |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/kasich-win-new-york-primary-delegates-221676 |website=POLITICO |access-date=February 22, 2023 |language=en |date=April 7, 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.75|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|8.43|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.32|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref>

The [[Muskingum River]] and [[Duck Creek (Ohio)|Duck Creek]] flow into the [[Ohio River]] at Marietta. The area is part of the [[Appalachian Plateau]] which covers the eastern half of Ohio. The Appalachian Plateau consists of steep hills and valleys and is the most rugged area in the state. The area is within the [[ecoregion]] of the [[Western Allegheny Plateau (ecoregion)|Western Allegheny Plateau]].<ref name=hort.purdue.edu>{{cite web|title=Level III Ecoregions of Ohio|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropmap/ohio/maps/OHeco3.html|work=National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|access-date=September 28, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712165151/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropmap/ohio/maps/OHeco3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This portion of the state has some of Ohio's most abundant mineral deposits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/oh_geography.htm|title=Ohio Geography from NETSTATE}}</ref>

Marietta was affected by the [[Great Flood of 1913]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Marietta Following the 1913 Flood Photographs |url=https://ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p267401coll36/id/13869/ |access-date=22 January 2023}}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate in this area is characterized by humid summers, cold winters, and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year that can not be accurately predicted because of the amount of water in the Ohio Valley. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Marietta has a [[Humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=729433&cityname=Marietta%2C+Ohio%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Marietta, Ohio]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Marietta, Ohio (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
|single line = Y
|width = auto
|Jan record high F = 77
|Feb record high F = 78
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 106
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 93
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 64.8
|Feb avg record high F = 66.8
|Mar avg record high F = 75.8
|Apr avg record high F = 83.1
|May avg record high F = 88.1
|Jun avg record high F = 91.9
|Jul avg record high F = 93.5
|Aug avg record high F = 92.5
|Sep avg record high F = 90.4
|Oct avg record high F = 82.7
|Nov avg record high F = 74.2
|Dec avg record high F = 65.2
|year avg record high F = 94.5

|Jan high F = 39.5
|Feb high F = 42.9
|Mar high F = 52.8
|Apr high F = 65.6
|May high F = 74.5
|Jun high F = 81.8
|Jul high F = 85.3
|Aug high F = 84.6
|Sep high F = 78.7
|Oct high F = 66.6
|Nov high F = 54.0
|Dec high F = 43.7
|year high F = 64.2

|Jan mean F = 31.1
|Feb mean F = 33.5
|Mar mean F = 41.9
|Apr mean F = 53.2
|May mean F = 63.2
|Jun mean F = 71.4
|Jul mean F = 75.3
|Aug mean F = 74.0
|Sep mean F = 67.4
|Oct mean F = 55.2
|Nov mean F = 43.9
|Dec mean F = 35.9
|year mean F = 53.8

|Jan low F = 22.7
|Feb low F = 24.2
|Mar low F = 30.9
|Apr low F = 40.8
|May low F = 51.9
|Jun low F = 60.9
|Jul low F = 65.3
|Aug low F = 63.4
|Sep low F = 56.1
|Oct low F = 43.8
|Nov low F = 33.8
|Dec low F = 28.0
|year low F = 43.5

|Jan avg record low F = 3.3
|Feb avg record low F = 7.2
|Mar avg record low F = 15.3
|Apr avg record low F = 27.0
|May avg record low F = 36.7
|Jun avg record low F = 47.2
|Jul avg record low F = 54.7
|Aug avg record low F = 52.7
|Sep avg record low F = 42.3
|Oct avg record low F = 30.7
|Nov avg record low F = 20.0
|Dec avg record low F = 11.9
|year avg record low F = 0.5

|Jan record low F = −23
|Feb record low F = −22
|Mar record low F = -6
|Apr record low F = 11
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = 1
|Dec record low F = −11
|year record low F = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.49
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.14
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.98
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.98
|May precipitation inch = 4.35
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.87
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.79
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.60
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.39
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.16
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.91
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.61
|year precipitation inch = 45.27
|Jan snow inch = 7.2
|Feb snow inch = 4.0
|Mar snow inch = 2.7
|Apr snow inch = 0.1
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.2
|Dec snow inch = 2.1
|year snow inch = 16.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 15.0
|Feb precipitation days = 13.3
|Mar precipitation days = 14.0
|Apr precipitation days = 13.9
|May precipitation days = 14.3
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 12.4
|Aug precipitation days = 10.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 11.0
|Nov precipitation days = 11.6
|Dec precipitation days = 14.0
|year precipitation days = 151.9
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.0
|Feb snow days = 3.0
|Mar snow days = 1.6
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.3
|Dec snow days = 2.6
|year snow days = 11.6
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=rlx
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 8, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00334927&format=pdf
| title = Station: Marietta WWTP, OH
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 8, 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Environmental issues===
[[Eramet]] has released thousands of pounds of [[manganese]] and other hazardous air pollutants into the air.<ref>Economic Impact Analysis (EIA) for the Manganese Ferroalloys RTR. EPA 2015, 68pp</ref><ref name=residents />

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 321
|1810= 463
|1820= 746
|1830= 1207
|1840= 1814
|1850= 3175
|1860= 4323
|1870= 5218
|1880= 5444
|1890= 8273
|1900= 13348
|1910= 12923
|1920= 15140
|1930= 14285
|1940= 14543
|1950= 16006
|1960= 16847
|1970= 16861
|1980= 16467
|1990= 15026
|2000= 14515
|2010= 14085
|2020= 13385
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="USCensus2020">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US3947628|access-date=December 8, 2021|title=Explore Census Data }}</ref><ref name="GR2" /><ref name="Census1960">{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/37749282v1p37_ch02.pdf|date=1960|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=17 May 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 6, 2013}}</ref> there were 14,085 people, 5,828 households, and 3,215 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1670.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 6,519 housing units at an average density of {{convert|773.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 5,828 households, of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 39 years. 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 16% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

==Economy==
{{expand section|date=March 2017}}

Sewah Studios, a producer of historical markers, was founded in Marietta in 1927.<ref>[https://sewahstudios.com/americas-finest/ "America's Finest"]. Sewah Studios. Accessed April 17, 2023.</ref> The company produced the United States' first aluminum historical markers,<ref>Aquino, Lyric. "The Historical Markers of Marietta’s Sewah Studios." ''Ohio Magazine.'' Published December 2018. Accessed April 15, 2023.</ref> and currently produces about 1,200 markers per year for historical societies across the country.<ref>Prater, Tonya. "Made in Marietta: Bite-size History at Sewah Studios." ''Travel Inspired Living''. Published September 7, 2016. Accessed April 15, 2023.</ref>

Marietta is home of the longest-running [[ferromanganese]] refinery in North America, [[Eramet]] Marietta Industries Inc., the only ferromanganese refinery in the United States until recently{{when|date=November 2022}}, and leader in [[manganese]] emissions.<ref name=residents>{{cite journal | last1 = Haynes | first1 = EN | last2 = Heckel | first2 = P | last3 = Ryan | first3 = P | last4 = Roda | first4 = S | display-authors = etal | date = Sep 2010 | title = Environmental manganese exposure in residents living near a ferromanganese refinery in Southeast Ohio: a pilot study | journal = Neurotoxicology | volume = 31 | issue = 5| pages = 468–74 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.10.011 | pmid = 19879291 | pmc = 2891785 | bibcode = 2010NeuTx..31..468H }}</ref>

==Arts and culture==
[[File:2007 Sternwheeler Festival.jpg|thumb|Ohio River Sternwheel Festival]]
The annual Ohio River Sternwheel Festival was founded in 1976,<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://sternwheel.org/about/history/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Ohio River Sternwheel Festival |language=en-US}}</ref> and features [[Paddle steamer|Sternwheeler]] ships gathering on the Ohio River in Marietta. The event attracts an estimated 100,000 attendees per year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-16 |title=47th Ohio River Sternwheel Festival |url=https://mariettaohio.org/events/47th-ohio-river-sternwheel-festival-2/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Washington County CVB |language=en-US}}</ref> Other boating events include  the Ralph Lindamood Memorial Regatta, the Marietta Invitational Regatta, and the "Head of the Muskingum".

A Marietta Civil War Reenactment is held annually, and features Union and Confederate reenactors battling across the Muskingum River. Goodfest is a music festival held at Goodfellows Park.

In 2023, Marietta installed a gallery of public murals by local artists, which reflected Marietta's history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-18 |title=Marietta Main Street Public Art Committee Installs Post Street Mural Gallery |url=https://www.mariettamainstreet.org/blog/2023/8/18/marietta-main-street-public-art-committee-installs-post-street-mural-gallery |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Marietta Main Street |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Library===
Marietta has a public library, a branch of the Washington County Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wcplib.info/hrsloc | title=Hours & Locations | publisher=Washington County Public Library | access-date=3 March 2018 | archive-date=March 3, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225444/https://www.wcplib.info/hrsloc | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Government==
===Local government===
Marietta uses the [[mayor-council government|mayor-council]] form of government. The mayor is a full-time position; the seven city council members and the city council president are all part-time positions. The council president is Susan Vessels.

===State and federal government===
Marietta is represented by Republican [[Kevin Ritter]] (District 94)<ref>{{cite web |title=Representative Kevin Ritter - District 94 |url=https://ohiohouse.gov/members/kevin-ritter}}</ref> and Republican [[Don Jones (Ohio politician)|Don Jones]] (District 95)<ref>{{cite web |title=Representative Don Jones - District 95 |url=https://ohiohouse.gov/members/don-jones}}</ref> in the Ohio House of Representatives, and by Republican [[Brian Chavez]] (District 30) in the Ohio Senate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator Brian M. Chavez |url=https://www.ohiosenate.gov/members/brian-m-chavez |website=Ohio Senate}}</ref>

Marietta falls within [[Ohio's 6th congressional district]], which is currently represented by Republican [[Michael Rulli]].

==Education==
As of 2021, the Marietta City School District operates three elementary schools (two preK-2nd and one 3rd-6th), and one building that houses a middle/high school, [[Marietta High School (Ohio)|Marietta High School]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mariettacityschools.k12.oh.us/page/district-profile | title=Schools | publisher=Marietta City Schools | access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> Phillips Elementary and Washington Elementary house the preK-2nd grades. The elementary school that houses 3rd-6th grades is located in the building that was previously the middle school.

[[Marietta College]] and [[Washington State Community College]] are both located in Marietta.

==Infrastructure==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}

===Transportation===
====Highways====
[[Interstate 77]] runs east of Marietta connecting it to [[Cleveland, Ohio]], to the north and [[Charleston, West Virginia]], to the south.

Five state routes run through Marietta. These are: [[Ohio State Route 7]], [[Ohio State Route 60]], [[Ohio State Route 26]], [[Ohio State Route 550]], and [[Ohio State Route 676]].

====Air====
Marietta is served by [[Mid-Ohio Valley Regional Airport]] in [[Williamstown, West Virginia]], which has three flights a day Monday through Friday from [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport]].

==== Bike path ====
Marietta's River Trail [[bike path]] is a two lane, paved trail that spans over four miles. While built for [[cycling]], it is heavily used by pedestrians as well. The trail runs along the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] and [[Muskingum River|Muskingum]] rivers and connects various points of interest throughout Marietta, including downtown and multiple parks.

==Notable people==
{{See also|Category:People from Marietta, Ohio}}

Notable people on the [[List of early settlers of Marietta, Ohio]] include: [[Arthur St. Clair]], Major General and Patriot in the revolutionary war, 9th President of the Continental Congress, he was the first governor of the Northwest Territory; Gen. [[Rufus Putnam]], Gen. [[Benjamin Tupper]], Gen. [[James Mitchell Varnum|James Varnum]], Gen. [[Samuel Holden Parsons]], Commodore [[Abraham Whipple]], Col. [[William Stacy]], and [[Griffin Greene]].<ref name="Hildreth" /><ref name="Hulbert Vol I" /><ref name="Hulbert Vol II" /><ref>Summers, Thomas J.: ''History of Marietta'', The Leader Publishing Co., Marietta, Ohio (1903).</ref>

Other notable people include:
* [[Levi Barber]], was a surveyor, court administrator, banker, and member of the [[Ohio House of Representatives]], [[Fifteenth United States Congress]], & [[Seventeenth United States Congress]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000124|title=BARBER, Levi, (1777–1833)|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Dewey F. Bartlett]], 19th [[Governor of Oklahoma]], [[United States Senator]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000200|title=BARTLETT, Dewey Follett, (1919–1979)|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Zak Boggs]], soccer player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zak Boggs |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/zak-boggs/ |access-date=January 29, 2025 |website=[[Major League Soccer]]}}</ref>
* [[Hobart Bosworth]], movie actor, director, writer and producer
* [[John Brough]], 26th [[Governor of Ohio]], Member of the Ohio House of Representatives<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_brough_john.html |title=Ohio Governor John Brough |publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Clem S. Clarke]], oilman and Republican politician from Shreveport, Louisiana; born in Marietta in 1897<ref>{{cite book |title=Reminiscences of Clem S. Clarke: Oral history, 1951 |first1=Allen |last1=Nevins |author-link1=Allan Nevins |first2=Frank Ernest |last2=Hill |publisher=[[Columbia University]]|location=[[New York City]]|oclc = 122308295}}</ref>
* [[William Cutler]], Member of the Ohio House of Representatives<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001027|title=CUTLER, William Parker, (1812–1889)|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Charles G. Dawes]], 30th [[Vice President of the United States]]
* [[Rufus Dawes]], Union Brigadier General who commanded troops as part of Wisconsin's Iron Brigade at Gettysburg.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-15|title=Rufus Dawes at the Epicenter|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/rufus-dawes-epicenter|access-date=2022-01-05|website=American Battlefield Trust|language=en-US}}</ref> Later served as a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]].
* [[Larry Dickson]], auto racer
* [[Charles H. Elston]], member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000160|title=ELSTON, Charles Henry, (1891–1980)|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Althea Flynt]], pornographic model, and wife of magazine magnate, [[Larry Flynt]]
* [[Marion Havighurst]], poet, novelist, and children's author
* [[Samuel Prescott Hildreth]], pioneer physician, scientist, and historian
* [[Nancy Hollister]], 66th Governor of Ohio, [[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]], member of the Ohio House of Representatives<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_hollister_nancy.html |title=Ohio Governor Nancy P. Hollister|publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Perley Brown Johnson]], Member of the Ohio House of Representatives<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Perley Brown Johnson |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000167 |access-date=March 18, 2008}}</ref>
* [[Mary Bird Lake]], the town's first Sunday school teacher
* [[Alf Landon]], 26th [[Governor of Kansas]], 1936 Republican Presidential Candidate<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_kansas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_landon_alfred.html|title=Kansas Governor Alfred Mossman Landon|publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Francis B. Loomis]], 25th [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]]
* [[Return J. Meigs Jr.|Return Jonathan Meigs Jr.]], 4th Governor of Ohio and 5th [[United States Postmaster General]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_meigs_return.html|title=Ohio Governor Return Jonathan Meigs Jr.|publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Vinnie Mele]] (born 1977), singer, actor, composer, and instrumentalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reverbnation.com/vinniemele |title=Vinnie Mele and the Lubricators |publisher=ReverbNation |date= |accessdate=2015-11-04}}</ref>
* [[Robert Oliver (soldier)]] (1738–1810), American Revolutionary War lieutenant colonel and politician
* [[C. William O'Neill]], 59th Governor of Ohio, Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, Associate & Chief Justice of the [[Ohio Supreme Court]], Attorney General of the State of Ohio<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_o-neill_crane.html |title=Ohio Governor Crane William O'Neill |publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Harrison Gray Otis (publisher)|Harrison Gray Otis]], ''Los Angeles Times''
* [[Greg Pryor]], former Major League Baseball infielder
* [[Eliza M. Chandler White]] (1831–1907), charity work leader and clubwoman
* [[George White (Ohio politician)|George White]], 52nd [[Governor of Ohio]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_white_george.html |title=Ohio Governor George White |publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>
* [[William A. Whittlesey]], former US Congressman
* [[Warner Wing]], Michigan jurist and legislator<ref>'History of Monroe County, Michigan,' volume I, John McClelland Bulkley, Lewis Publishing Company: 1913, Biographical Sketch of Warner Wing, pg. 259</ref>
* [[Chief Zimmer]], [[major league baseball]] player and manager<ref name="The Baseball Encyclopedia">{{cite book |editor=Reichler, Joseph L. |title=The Baseball Encyclopedia |orig-year=1969 |edition=4th |year=1979 |publisher=Macmillan Publishing |location=New York |isbn=0-02-578970-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/baseballencyclop00reic }}</ref>

==Sister cities==
* [[Gautier, Mississippi]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Katrina: Marietta's sister city|url=http://www.mariettatimes.com/page/content.detail/id/529408/Katrina--Marietta-s-sister-city.html?nav=5002 |date=August 28, 2010}}</ref> and  [[Rutland, Massachusetts]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==See also==
* [[List of cities and towns along the Ohio River]]
* [[List of mayors of Marietta, Ohio]]
* [[Washington State Community College]]
* [[Marietta College]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Marietta, Ohio}}
{{Wikivoyage|Marietta (Ohio)}}
*{{Official website|http://www.mariettaoh.net/}}
* [http://www.mariettachamber.com/ Marietta Area Chamber of Commerce]

{{Washington County, Ohio}}
{{Ohio county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Marietta, Ohio| ]]
[[Category:1788 establishments in the Northwest Territory]]
[[Category:Cities in Ohio]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Ohio]]
[[Category:County seats in Ohio]]
[[Category:Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States]]
[[Category:Marie Antoinette]]
[[Category:Muskingum River]]
[[Category:Ohio populated places on the Ohio River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1788]]