Editing Marker pen

{{Short description|Type of writing tool}}
{{Redirect|Felt tip|the EP by Love Is All|Felt Tip (EP)}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Felt Tip.jpg|thumb|The tip of a green felt-tip pen]]
[[File:Caran d'Ache Filzstifte.JPG|thumb|A box of colored felt-tip pens]]
[[File:Marker pen.JPG|thumb|Marker pen]]

A '''marker pen''', '''fine liner''', '''marking pen''', '''felt-tip pen''', '''felt pen''', '''flow''' '''marker''', '''sign pen''' (in [[South Korea]]), '''vivid''' (in [[New Zealand]]), '''flomaster''' (in [[East Slavs|East]] and [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] countries), '''texta''' (in [[Australia]]), '''sketch pen''' (in [[South Asia]]), '''koki''' (in [[South Africa]]) or simply '''marker''' is a [[pen]] which has its own [[ink]] source and a tip made of porous, pressed fibers such as [[felt]].<ref name=SBTCModule6>{{cite web |last=www.sbctc.edu (adapted) |title=Module 6: Media for 2-D Art |url=http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Module-6.pdf |publisher=Saylor.org |access-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907074549/http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Module-6.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2012 }}</ref>
A marker pen consists of a container (glass, aluminum or plastic) and a core of an absorbent material that holds the ink. The upper part of the marker contains the nib that was made in earlier times of a hard felt material, and a cap to prevent the marker from drying out.

Until the early 1990s, the most common solvents that were used for the ink in [[permanent marker]]s were [[toluene]] and [[xylene]]. These two substances are both harmful<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=157&toxid=29|title=Toluene &#124; Medical Management Guidelines &#124; Toxic Substance Portal &#124; ATSDR|website=wwwn.cdc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://healthfully.com/harmful-effects-of-xylene-4564845.html|title=Healthfully|website=Healthfully}}</ref> and characterized by a very strong smell. Today, the ink is usually made on the basis of alcohols (e.g. [[1-Propanol]], [[1-butanol]], [[diacetone alcohol]] and [[cresol]]s).

Markers may be waterproof, dry-erase, [[Wet-wipe marker|wet-erase]] (e.g. [[Transparency (projection)|transparency]] markers), or permanent.

==History==
Lee Newman patented a felt-tipped marking pen in 1910.<ref>Lee W. Newman, Marking Pen, [https://patents.google.com/patent/US946149A U.S. Patent 946,149]. January 11, 1910.</ref> In 1926, Benjamin Paskach patented a "fountain paintbrush",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1601596.pdf |title=Fountain paintbrush |publisher=Freepatentsonline.com |access-date=2014-04-30}}</ref> as he called it, which consisted of a sponge-tipped handle containing various paint colors. Markers of this sort began to be popularized with the sale of [[Sidney Rosenthal]]'s Magic Marker (1953), which consisted of a glass tube of ink with a felt wick. By 1958, use of felt-tipped markers was commonplace for a variety of applications such as lettering, labeling, and creating posters.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526042234/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpen.htm History of Pens & Writing Instruments], About Inventors site. Retrieved March 11, 2007.</ref> The year 1962 brought the development of the modern fiber-tipped pen (in contrast to the marker, which generally has a thicker point) by Yukio Horie of the Tokyo Stationery Company (which later became [[Pentel]]).
In 1987 [[Copic]] Sketch markers were released, further popularising markers for professional illustration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://copic.jp/en/about/history/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114184956/https://copic.jp/en/about/history/|archivedate=2025-01-14|title=COPIC HISTORY [Section: "1987 - Launch of Copic Markers"]}}</ref>

==Parts==
The marker reservoir, which holds the ink, is formed from [[polyester]]. The "[[felt]]" used for the tip is usually made of highly compressed synthetic fibers or porous ceramics. [[Toluol]] and [[xylol]] were used as [[solvent]]s for the dye and are still used for the indelible ink in permanent markers. Due to their toxicity, they have often been replaced with less critical substances such as [[alkyl]] or cyclic alkylene carbonates (like [[propylene carbonate]]) in other types of markers. Water content of the ink can be up to 10%. Besides solvents and the dye itself, the ink may contain additives (e.g. nonylphenylpolyglycol ether, alkylpoly-[[glycol ether]], fatty acid polyglycol ester, or fatty alcohol ethoxalates) and preservatives (e.g. [[2-Phenylphenol]] and its sodium salt, 6-acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-[[dioxane]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Marker.html |title=How marker is made - material, manufacture, making, history, used, product, machine, History, Raw Materials |publisher=Madehow.com |date=1997-07-14 |access-date=2017-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202053046/http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Marker.html |archive-date=2017-02-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=David A. Black |title=Fiber Tipped Pens |volume=57 |journal=J. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Sci. |year=1966 |issue=4 |pages=521–525 |doi=10.2307/1140564 |jstor=1140564 |url=http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5419&context=jclc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107151936/http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5419&context=jclc |archive-date=2017-11-07 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofpencils.com/writing-instruments-history/history-of-marker-pens/ |title=History of Marker Pens |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213162138/http://www.historyofpencils.com/writing-instruments-history/history-of-marker-pens/ |archive-date=2016-12-13 |access-date=2017-01-31 }}</ref>

==Types==

===Permanent marker===
{{main|Permanent marker}}
Permanent markers are porous pens that can write on surfaces such as glass, plastic, wood, metal, and stone. On most surfaces, the ink is generally resistant to rubbing and water, and can last for many years. However, on certain plastics like [[Teflon]], [[polypropylene]] etc., the marks made by such pens are not permanent and can be erased easily. Depending on the surface and the marker used, the marks can often be removed with either vigorous scrubbing or chemicals such as acetone.

===Highlighters===
{{main|Highlighter}}
[[File:Marker1.jpg|thumb|[[Highlighter]] pens]]
Highlighters are a form of marker used to highlight and cover over existing writing while still leaving the writing readable. They are generally produced in neon colours to allow for colour coding, as well as attract buyers to them.

===Whiteboard markers===
[[File:Filmas "Džimlai rūdi rallallā" uzņemšana Ministru kabinetā (8650399785).jpg|thumb|Whiteboard marker on a [[clapperboard]]]]
A whiteboard marker— or dry-erase marker— uses an erasable ink, made to be used on a slick (or matte-finished), non-porous writing surface, for temporary writing with [[overhead projector]]s, [[whiteboard]]s, glass, and the like. They are designed so that the user can easily erase the marks using a damp cloth, tissue, handkerchief, baby wipe, or other easily cleaned or disposable items. Generally, people use fabrics to do so, but others use items like paper, clothing items, some even use their bare hands to wipe it clear. The erasable ink does not contain the toxic chemical compounds [[xylene]] and/or [[toluene]] as have been used in permanent markers, being less of a risk to being used as a [[recreational drug]].

[[Wet-wipe marker]]s— or wet-erase markers— are another version that are used on overhead projectors, signboards, whiteboards, and other non-porous surfaces.

===Security marker===
Special "security" markers, with [[fluorescence|fluorescent]] but otherwise invisible inks, are used for marking valuables in case of [[burglary]]. The owner of a stolen, but recovered item can be determined by using [[ultraviolet light]] to make the writing visible.

===Election marker===
Marker pens with [[election ink]] (an indelible dye and often a [[photosensitive]] agent such as [[silver nitrate]]) used to mark the finger, and especially the [[cuticle]], of voters in elections in order to prevent [[electoral fraud]] such as double voting. The stain stays visible for a week or two and may also be used to assist in [[vaccination]]s.

===Porous point pen===
A ''porous point pen'' contains a point that is made of some porous material such as [[felt]] or [[ceramic]]. [[technical drawing|Draftsman]]'s pens usually have a ceramic tip since this wears well and does not broaden when pressure is applied while writing.

== Dialectal variations ==
The use of the terms "marker" and "felt-tipped pen" varies significantly among different parts of the world. This is because most English dialects contain words for particular types of marker, often [[Genericized trademark|generic]] brand names, but there are no such terms in widespread international use.

===Asia===
In some parts of [[India]], water-based felt-tip pens are referred to as "sketch pens" because they are mainly used for sketching and writing on paper or cardboard. The permanent ink felt-tip markers are referred to as just "markers". In [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]], marker pens are simply called markers. In the [[Philippines]], a marker is commonly referred to as a "[[Pentel]] pen", regardless of brand. In [[Indonesia]], a marker pen is referred to as "Spidol". In [[South Korea]] and [[Japan]], marker pens are referred to as "sign pens", "name pens", or "felt pens". Also, permanent pens are also referred to as "Magic" (from a famous pen brand name). In [[Iran]], felt-tip pens are referred to as "Magic" or "Highlight" regardless of its brand.

===Australia===
In [[Australia]], the term "marker" usually refers only to large-tip markers, and the terms "felt-tip" and "felt pen" usually refer only to fine-tip markers. Markers in Australia are often [[genericized trademark|generically]] called "texta", after a brand name of a type of [[permanent marker]]. Some variation in naming convention occurs between the states, for example in Queensland the brand name "nikko" has been commonly adopted.

===New Zealand===
The generic terms for fine-tipped markers are usually "felt pen" ,"felt tip pen" or "felts". Large permanent markers are called 'vivids' after a popular brand sold there, the [[Société Bic|Bic]] Stephens Vivid

===South Africa===
In [[South Africa]], the term "Koki" is used for both felt pens and markers, by South Africans, as well as the standard "marker".

===Canada and United States===
[[File:Sharpie-fc.jpg|thumb|[[Sharpie (marker)|Sharpie markers]]|alt=Full spectrum of Sharpie markers.]]
In the United States, the word "marker" is used as well as "magic marker", the latter being a [[genericized trademark]]. The word "sharpie" is also now used as a genericized trademark; [[Sharpie (marker)|Sharpie]] is a popular brand of permanent markers used for labelling. Markers are also sometimes referred to as felt-pens or felts in some parts of Canada.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Visual arts}}
* [[Highlighter]]
* [[List of pen types, brands and companies]]
* [[Paint marker]]
* [[Sharpie (marker)|Sharpie]]

== Notes and references ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Marker pens}}

{{Pens}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marker Pen}}
[[Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:Pens]]
[[Category:Stationery]]