Editing Martin Fowler (software engineer)

{{Short description|American software developer, author and public speaker (born 1963)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name                      = Martin Fowler
| image                     = Webysther 20150414193208 - Martin Fowler.jpg
| caption                   = Fowler in 2015
| birth_name                =
| birth_date                = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1963|12|18}}
| birth_place               = [[Walsall]], England, UK
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| education                 = [[University College London]] {{nobreak|([[BSc]], 1986)}}<ref name="mfbio" />
| alma_mater                =
| employer                  = [[ThoughtWorks]]
| occupation                = Software developer, author, public speaker
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| website                   = {{URL|martinfowler.com}}
}}

'''Martin Fowler''' (18 December 1963) is a British [[software developer]],<ref>{{cite web |title=About Martin Fowler |url=https://martinfowler.com/aboutMe.html |website=martinfowler.com |access-date=1 May 2021}}</ref> author and international public speaker on software development, specialising in [[object-oriented analysis and design]], [[Unified Modeling Language|UML]], [[Design pattern (computer science)|patterns]], and [[agile software development]] methodologies, including [[extreme programming]].

His 1999 book ''Refactoring'' popularised the practice of [[code refactoring]].<ref>Stephane Faroult; Pascal L'Hermite (2008). ''Refactoring SQL Applications.'' O'Reilly Media. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-0-596-55177-3}}.</ref> In 2004 he introduced a new [[architectural pattern]], called Presentation Model (PM).<ref>Stephen Chin; Dean Iverson; Oswald Campesato; Paul Trani (2011). ''Pro Android Flash''. Apress. p. 300. {{ISBN|978-1-4302-3232-2}}.</ref>

== Biography ==
Fowler was born and grew up in [[Walsall]], England, where he went to [[Queen Mary's Grammar School]] for his secondary education. He graduated at [[University College London]] in 1986. In 1994, he moved to the United States, where he lives near [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] in the suburb of [[Melrose, Massachusetts|Melrose]].<ref name="mfbio">[http://martinfowler.com/aboutMe.html Martin Fowler] at martinfowler.com. Retrieved 2012-11-15.</ref>

Fowler started working with software in the early 1980s. Out of university in 1986 he started working in software development for [[Coopers & Lybrand]] until 1991.<ref>James A. Highsmith (2002). ''Agile Software Development Ecosystems''. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 133. {{ISBN|978-0-201-76043-9}}.</ref> In 2000 he joined [[ThoughtWorks]], a systems integration and consulting company,<ref name="mfbio"/> where he was Chief Scientist.<ref>[http://www.thoughtworks.com/profiles/martin-fowler Martin Fowler | ThoughtWorks]. Retrieved 2015-03-30.</ref>

Fowler has written nine books on the topic of software development. He is a member of the ''[[Agile Alliance]]'' and helped create the [[Agile software development#The Agile Manifesto|Manifesto for Agile Software Development]] in 2001, along with 16 fellow signatories.<ref>[http://agilemanifesto.org/ Manifesto for Agile Software Development]. Retrieved 2012-12-10.</ref> He maintains a ''[[bliki]]'', a mix of [[blog]] and [[wiki]]. He popularised the term [[Dependency Injection]] as a form of [[Inversion of Control]].<ref>Kamil Piętak; Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki (2013). "Agent-Based Framework Facilitating Component-Based Implementation of Distributed Computational Intelligence Systems". In Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen; Joanna Kołodziej; Tadeusz Burczyński et al. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EJS6BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence X]''. Springer. p. 38. {{ISBN|978-3-642-38496-7}}.</ref><ref>Martin Fowler (2004) "[http://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern]". Retrieved 2012-11-15.</ref>

== Publications ==
* 1996. ''Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models''. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|0-201-89542-0}}.
* 1997. ''UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language''. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|978-0-201-32563-8}}.
* 1999. ''Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code'', With [[Kent Beck]], John Brant, [[William Opdyke]], and Don Roberts (June 1999). Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|0-201-48567-2}}.
* 2000. ''Planning Extreme Programming''. With [[Kent Beck]]. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|0-201-71091-9}}.
* 2002. ''Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture''. With David Rice, Matthew Foemmel, Edward Hieatt, Robert Mee, and Randy Stafford. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|0-321-12742-0}}.
* 2010. ''Domain-Specific Languages''. With Rebecca Parsons. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|978-0-321-71294-3}}.
* 2012. ''NoSQL Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Emerging World of Polyglot Persistence''. With Pramod Sadalage. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|978-0-321-82662-6}}.
* 2013. ''Refactoring: Ruby Edition''. With [[Kent Beck]], Shane Harvie, and Jay Fields. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|978-0-321-98413-5}}.
* 2018. ''Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, Second Edition''. Kent Beck, and Martin Fowler. Addison-Wesley. {{ISBN|978-0-134-75759-9}}.

== Domain-specific languages ==
In his book, ''Domain-specific languages'', Fowler discusses [[Domain-specific language]]s, DSL.  DSLs are said to be defined by being composable programming languages, with their focus on an individual domain and having limited expressiveness.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Fowler|first=Martin|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/686709295|title=Domain-specific languages|date=2011|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=978-0-13-210754-9|location=Upper Saddle River, N.J.|oclc=686709295}}</ref>{{Rp|27}} It is argued that DSLs can increase productivity by removing the requirement of the programmer to understand a full programming language, providing a means of communication with [[domain expert]]s, and separate the manner of execution of a task from the definition of a task itself.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|33}} These benefits are set against the cost of learning a new language and building the tools for this language, siloing that results for different languages and the abstractions used in DSLs not being suitable for a task.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|39}}

Fowler introduces the concept of '''internal''' (or '''embedded''') and '''external''' DSL, an internal DSL being a DSL that is a subset of another language and can be executed by the tools for this outer language. [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] and [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] are given as an example of languages where internal DSLs are common. He also introduces the idea of '''Semantic Model''' which defines the execution of a DSL.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|14}} Various examples of DSLs are presented including [[graphviz]], a language for specifying [[graph (discrete mathematics)|graphs]] to be rendered; JMock, a java mocking framework; [[CSS]], a language to specify stylistic elements of a website; [[Hibernate (framework)#Hibernate Query Language (HQL)|HQL]], an [[object relational mapper]] in [[Java (programming language)|Java]]; [[XAML]], a language used to specify and change [[graphical user interface]]s; FIT, a language to express testing scenarios; and [[Make (software)|make]], a tool to build software<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|147}}

The book discusses implementing an external DSL using tools like [[Parsing|parsers]], [[lexers]], [[abstract syntax tree]]s and [[Code generation (compiler)|code generation]] referred to as "syntax-driven translation"<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|219}} This is contrasted with "delimiter-driven translation" which is said to be simpler but less powerful. Here the language is simple enough to be [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreted]] by splitting on delimiters and switching logic based on individual entries.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|201}}

Ways of implementing internal DSLs is discussed, with attention paid to nested function calls,<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|357}} sequences of function calls,<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|351}} or [[method chaining]]<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|373}} amongst other methods.{{fact|date=March 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Martin Fowler}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.artima.com/intv/martin.html |title= A Conversation with Martin Fowler |series= In six parts |first= Bill |last= Venners |date= 9 December 2002 |website= Artima }}

{{Software engineering}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fowler, Martin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:British software engineers]]
[[Category:British bloggers]]
[[Category:British technology writers]]
[[Category:Extreme programming]]
[[Category:People from Walsall]]
[[Category:Engineers from the West Midlands (county)]]
[[Category:People educated at Queen Mary's Grammar School]]
[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Agile software development]]