Editing Mass media in Mexico

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{| style="toc:25em; text-align:left;" class="infobox"
|-
!  style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;" colspan="2"|<big>Telecommunications</big>
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Image:Telmexstore.jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | ''Telmex Retail Store in [[Puerto Vallarta]]''
|-
!  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| Telephone land lines
|  style="background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| 19.8 million (2011)
|-
!  style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|Mobile lines
|valign="top"| 94.5 million (2011)
|-
!  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"|Telephone country code
|  style="background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| + 52
|-
!  style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|Internet Users
|valign="top"| 31 million (2009)
|-
!  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"|Internet country code
|  style="background:#f0f0f0; vertical-align:top;"| .mx
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;" colspan="2"|
|}

'''Mass media in Mexico''' are regulated by the [[Secretariat of Communication and Transportation]] (''Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes or SCT''), a [[federation|federal]] [[Executive (government)|executive]] [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] ministry and by the [[Federal Telecommunications Institute]] (''Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones or IFT'').

[[Mexico]]'s communication services market is among the largest in [[Latin America]],<ref>[http://store.eiu.com/product/473316247.html Communications Markets in Mexico] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420180451/http://store.eiu.com/product/473316247.html|date=20 April 2008}}. EIU online store. Retrieved 9 April 2004</ref> liberalized in the 1990s, with the landmark privatization of Teléfonos de México ([[Telmex]]), a previously state-owned monopoly. Since then, new operators have entered the market, but Telmex remains the dominant player.

==Regulation==
Founded on 13 May 1891, as the Secretariat of Communications and Public Works, the SCT is divided into three subsecretariats: the Subsecretariat of Infrastructure, the Subsecretariat of Communications and the Subsecretariat of Transportation.

The SCT has ceded many of its regulatory functions to the [[Federal Telecommunications Institute]].

==Radio and television==
{{see also|Radio in Mexico|List of Mexican television networks|List of television stations in Mexico}}
[[File:Telmex_Cuicuilco.jpg|thumb|left|Building of [[Telmex]] in Mexico City, located next to the [[Cuicuilco]] [[ecological reserve]].]]
Usage of radio, television and Internet in Mexico nowadays is prevalent.<ref name=nations>[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Mexico-INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-AND-COMMUNICATIONS.html Mexico Infrastructure, power and Communications]. National Economies Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 13 January 2007</ref> The first television transmission in Mexico was conducted by Javier Stavoli in 1931. [[Guillermo González Camarena]] built his own monochromatic camera in 1934, and in 1940 he developed the first trichromatic system and obtained the first patent for color television in the world.<ref name=tv>[http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/M/htmlM/mexico/mexico.htm Mexico]. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Accessed on 24 February 2007</ref> After developing radio and television stations, in 1948, he built the studio Gon-Cam, which was considered the best television system in the world in the time, according to survey conducted by the Columbia College of Chicago.<ref name=tv/>

With the passage of the century, the television broadcasting market became dominated by two powerful companies, [[Televisa]]—the largest Spanish media company in the Spanish-speaking world<ref>[http://www.snellwilcox.com/news_events/press_releases/203 Televisa Brings 2006 FIFA World Cup to Mexico in HD With Snell & Wilcox Kahuna SD/HD Production Switcher] – [[Snell Limited|Snell & Wilcox]]</ref> — and [[TV Azteca]], even though several dozen regional networks operate in the country. In addition, many states have their own television networks, and public television has increased its market penetration in recent years. In 2014 there were 1,762 radio stations and 1,063 separately licensed analog and digital television stations.<ref>[http://www.ift.org.mx/iftweb/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CuadroEstadisticodeDistribuciondeEstacionesNoviembre2014.pdf IFT Distribution of Stations, November 2014]</ref>

==Telephone and Internet==
{{See also|Broadband Internet access worldwide}}
[[File:CerroDelCuatro.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Broadcast relay station]] [[Guadalajara]].]]
In general, the telecommunications industry is mostly dominated by [[Telmex]] (''Teléfonos de México'') and [[América Móvil]].<ref name="Forbes list">{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ | title=The World's Billionaires | work=Forbes | date=7 August 2015 <!--"Reflects changes since 5&nbsp;pm EST last trading day", per page--> | access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> The telecommunications industry was privatized in 1990 under the control of [[Grupo Carso]] and since 1996 under [[Carlos Slim]].<ref name="Forbes list"/> Telmex has diversified its operations by incorporating [[Internet]] service and [[mobile telephony]]. It has also expanded its operations to [[Colombia]], [[Peru]], [[Chile]], [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]], [[Ecuador]] and the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.telmex.com/mx/esto/telmexinternacional.html Sobre Telmex Internacional] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221525/http://www.telmex.com/mx/esto/telmexinternacional.html |date=15 May 2008 }}. Teléfonos de México.</ref> Due to Mexican diverse [[orography]]—the country is crossed by two high altitude mountain ranges extending from the [[Rocky Mountains]]—providing landline telephone service at remote mountainous areas is expensive, and penetration of line-phones per capita is low compared to other [[Latin America]]n countries, with 20 million lines.<ref name=ciacomm>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/ Communications]. Mexico. CIA Factbook.</ref>

Mobile telephony has the advantage of reaching all areas at a lower cost, due to reduced investments in required infrastructure, and the total number of mobile lines in Mexico is nearly five times that of landlines, with an estimated 95 million lines.<ref name=ciacomm/> The telecommunications industry is regulated by the government through the [[Federal Telecommunications Institute]] (IFT, ''Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones'').

In April 2009, the [[ITESM]] (''Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey'') reported 25,217,500 users; 78% of personal computer Internet access is [[broadband]] access.,<ref>[https://archive.today/20090430100717/http://www.yucatan.com.mx/noticia.asp?cx=3$0502000000$4062099&f=20090427]. Diario de Yucatán "Internet se arraiga en México". Accessed on 2 May 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.diariodemorelos.com/content/todas-las-primarias-y-secundarias-de-morelos-tendr%C3%A1n-internet-gratuito Todas las Primarias y Secundarias de Morelos tendrán Internet gratuito] There are approximately 16.23 million internet hosts in Mexico</ref> ranking ninth in the world.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003750/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2184rank.html Ranking of Internet Hosts]. CIA Factbook. Accessed on 17 November 2012</ref> November 2019, Spanish telecoms giant Telefónica signed a deal to use some of AT&T's infrastructure in Mexico.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-telefonica-idUSKBN1XV2CM|title=Telefonica teams up with AT&T in Mexico in new bid to take fight to Slim|date=2019-11-22|agency=Reuters|access-date=2019-11-25|language=en}}</ref>

==Satellite communications==
[[File:STS-51-G_Morelos_1_deployment.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mexico's Morelos satellite deploying from [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery]]'s payload bay.]]
The satellite system is domestic with 120 earth stations. There is also extensive microwave radio relay network and considerable use of fiber-optic and coaxial cable.<ref name=ciacomm/>

Mexican satellites are operated by ''Satélites Mexicanos'' ([[Satmex]]), a leading private company in Latin America which services both North and South America.<ref>[http://www.satmex.com.mx/english/?opcion=0 Satmex. Linking the Americas.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915211310/http://www.satmex.com.mx/english/?opcion=0|date=15 September 2009}} Accessed on 24 January 2007</ref> Satmex offers broadcast, telephone, and telecommunication services to 37 countries in the [[Americas]], from [[Canada]] to [[Argentina]]. Through business partnerships, Satmex provides high-speed connectivity to ISPs and Digital Broadcast Services.<ref>[http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=7420 Mexican Operator Satmex Has Chosen Arianespace to Launch Its New Satmex 6 Satellite]. 14 February 2002. Spaceref.com. Accessed on 24 January 2007</ref> The system is currently composed of three main satellites: Solidaridad 2, Satmex 5 and Satmex 6.

The [[Secretariat of Communications and Transportation]] is also in the process of deploying the [[Mexican Satellite System]] (MEXSAT), but a launch failure has postponed the project.

==See also==
* [[Transportation in Mexico]]
* [[Economy of Mexico]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{citation |url= http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/mexico-2020/ |author= [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]], University of Oxford |location=UK |work= Digital News Report |oclc=854746354 |year=2020 |title=Mexico }}

{{commons}}

{{Mexico topics}}
{{Americas topic|Mass media in|title=Mass media in Latin America and the Caribbean}}
{{Americas topic|Media of}}
{{Telecommunications}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Telecommunications In Mexico}}
[[Category:Mass media in Mexico| ]]
[[Category:Mass media by country|Mexico]]
[[Category:Mass media in North America by country|Mexico]]