Editing Matthiola

{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Edwards's botanical register (Plate 25) (7949439164).jpg
|image_caption = ''Matthiola'' sp. (artist: [[Sarah Ann Drake]])
|taxon = Matthiola
|authority = [[W.T.Aiton]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms_ref=<ref name="331760-2" >{{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331760-2 |title=''Matthiola'' W.T.Aiton |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=17 May 2021 }}</ref>
|synonyms=
*''Acinotum'' <small>Rchb.</small>
*''Gakenia'' <small>Heist. ex Fabr.</small>
*''Mathiolaria'' <small>Chevall.</small>
*''Mattiola'' <small>Sanguin.</small>
*''Promicrantha'' <small>Dvorák</small>
*''Triceras'' <small>Andrz. ex Rchb.</small>
}}

'''''Matthiola''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|æ|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|l|ə}}) is a [[genus]] of flowering plant in the mustard family [[Brassicaceae]].<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book.'' 1995. 606–07.</ref> It is named after Italian naturalist [[Pietro Andrea Mattioli]] (1501–1577). The genus contains about 50 species of [[annual plant|annual]], [[biennial plant|biennial]] and [[perennial]] herbaceous plants and [[subshrub]]s.<ref name="331760-2" /><ref name=jaen>Jaén-Molina, R., et al. (2009) [http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/caratulas-publication/04.pdf The molecular phylogeny of ''Matthiola'' R. Br.(Brassicaceae) inferred from ITS sequences, with special emphasis on the Macaronesian endemics.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228052611/http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/caratulas-publication/04.pdf |date=2014-02-28 }} ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 53(3) 972–81.</ref><ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119870 ''Matthiola''.] Flora of China.</ref><ref name=san>Sanchez, J. L., et al. (2005). [http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/descargas-generales/sicilian%20matthiola.pdf Genetic differentiation of three species of ''Matthiola'' (Brassicaceae) in the Sicilian insular system.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228055252/http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/descargas-generales/sicilian%20matthiola.pdf |date=2014-02-28 }} ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 253(1–4) 81–93.</ref>  Many are cultivated for their heavily scented, colorful flowers.

The common name '''stock''' may be applied to the whole genus, more specifically to [[Variety (botany)|varieties]] and [[cultivar]]s of ''[[Matthiola incana]]''.  The [[common name]]s evening stock and night-scented stock are applied to varieties of ''[[Matthiola longipetala]]'' (syn. ''M.&nbsp;bicornis'').<ref>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref> The common name '''Virginia stock''' refers to a separate genus of the same family (''[[Malcolmia maritima]]'').

==Species==

[[File:Matthiola incana0.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola incana]]'']]
[[File:P1070367.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola fruticulosa]]'' ssp. ''fruticulosa'']]
[[File:2006-11-16Matthiola06-03.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola incana]]'']]
[[File:Matthiola longipetala.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola longipetala]]'']]
[[File:Ponta de São Lourenço (north) - May 2007.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola maderensis]]'']]
[[File:Matthiola tricuspidata2.jpg|thumb|''[[Matthiola tricuspidata]]'']]

The following species are accepted:<ref name="331760-2" />
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*''[[Matthiola afghanica]]'' <small>Rech.f. & Köie</small>
*''[[Matthiola anchoniifolia]]'' <small>Hub.-Mor.</small>
*''[[Matthiola arabica]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola aspera]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola boissieri]]'' <small>Grossh.</small>
*''[[Matthiola bolleana]]'' <small>Webb ex Christ</small>
*''[[Matthiola bucharica]]'' <small>Czerniak.</small>
*''[[Matthiola caspica]]'' <small>(N.Busch) Grossh.</small>
*''[[Matthiola chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small>
*''[[Matthiola chorassanica]]'' <small>Bunge ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola codringtonii]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Matthiola crassifolia]]'' <small>Boiss. & Gaill.</small>
*''[[Matthiola czerniakowskae]]'' <small>Botsch. & Vved.</small>
*''[[Matthiola daghestanica]]'' <small>(Conti) N.Busch</small>
*''[[Matthiola damascena]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola dumulosa]]'' <small>Boiss. & Buhse</small>
*''[[Matthiola erlangeriana]]'' <small>Engl.</small>
*''[[Matthiola farinosa]]'' <small>Bunge ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola flavida]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola fragrans]]'' <small>(Fisch.) Bunge</small>
*''[[Matthiola fruticulosa]]'' <small>(L.) Maire</small> – sad stock
*''[[Matthiola ghorana]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Matthiola glutinosa]]'' <small>Jafri</small>
*''[[Matthiola graminea]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Matthiola incana]]'' <small>(L.) W.T.Aiton</small> – stock, hoary stock, gilly-flower
*''[[Matthiola integrifolia]]'' <small>Kom.</small>
*''[[Matthiola kralikii]]'' <small>Pomel</small>
*''[[Matthiola livida]]'' <small>(Delile) DC.</small> – desert stock
*''[[Matthiola longipetala]]'' <small>(Vent.) DC.</small> – night-scented stock
*''[[Matthiola lunata]]'' <small>DC.</small>
*''[[Matthiola macranica]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Matthiola maderensis]]'' <small>Lowe</small>
*''[[Matthiola maroccana]]'' <small>Coss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola montana]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola obovata]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''[[Matthiola odoratissima]]'' <small>(M.Bieb.) W.T.Aiton</small>
*''[[Matthiola parviflora]]'' <small>(Schousb.) W.T.Aiton</small>
*''[[Matthiola perennis]]'' <small>Conti</small>
*''[[Matthiola perpusilla]]'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
*''[[Matthiola puntensis]]'' <small>Hedge & A.G.Mill.</small>
*''[[Matthiola revoluta]]'' <small>Bunge ex Boiss.</small>
*''[[Matthiola robusta]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''[[Matthiola scapifera]]'' <small>Humbert</small>
*''[[Matthiola shehbazii]]'' <small>Ranjbar & Karami</small>
*''[[Matthiola shiraziana]]'' <small>Zeraatkar, Khosravi, F.Ghahrem., Al-Shehbaz & Assadi</small>
*''[[Matthiola sinuata]]'' <small>(L.) W.T.Aiton</small> – sea stock
*''[[Matthiola spathulata]]'' <small>Conti</small>
*''[[Matthiola stoddartii]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''[[Matthiola superba]]'' <small>Conti</small>
*''[[Matthiola tatarica]]'' <small>(Pall.) DC.</small>
*''[[Matthiola taurica]]'' <small>(Conti) Grossh.</small>
*''[[Matthiola tianschanica]]'' <small>Sarkisova</small>
*''[[Matthiola tomentosa]]'' <small>Bél.</small>
*''[[Matthiola torulosa]]'' <small>(Thunb.) DC.</small>
*''[[Matthiola tricuspidata]]'' <small>(L.) W.T.Aiton</small> – three-horned stock
*''[[Matthiola trojana]]'' <small>Dirmenci, Satil & Tümen</small>
{{div col end}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Matthiola afghanica, Behbahan.jpg|alt=Wild Matthiola in Behbahan, Iran|Wild ''Matthiola'' in [[Behbahan]], [[Iran]]
File:Matthiola afghanica II, Behbahan.jpg|alt=Wild Matthiola in Behbahan, Iran|Wild ''Matthiola'' in Behbahan, Iran
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | author=Pink, A. | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11892|title=Gardening for the Million| year=2004 | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}

==External links==
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=119870 ''Matthiola''.] Flora of Pakistan.
* [http://plants.jstor.org/action/doBrowse?sa=api&sa=lapi&st=168967&st=168969&execbr=&sls= JSTOR Plant Science entries]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q27961}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Matthiola| ]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae genera]]


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