Editing Maximilian II Emanuel

{{Short description|Elector of Bavaria from 1679 to 1726}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Maximilian II Emanuel
| succession   = [[Rulers of Bavaria|Elector of Bavaria]]
| image        = Möller - Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria - Torre Abbey.png
| caption      = Portrait by [[Andreas Møller]], {{circa|1726}}
| reign        = 26 May 1679 – 26 February 1726
| predecessor  = [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria|Ferdinand Maria]]
| successor    = [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert]]
| succession1  = [[List_of_monarchs_of_Luxembourg#Dukes_of_Luxembourg|Duke of Luxembourg]]
{{Infobox officeholder/office
| termstart      = 1712
| termend        =  11 April 1713
| predecessor    = [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]]
| successor      = [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
}}
| succession2  = 29th [[Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]]
{{Infobox officeholder/office
| monarch        = {{ubl|[[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]]|[[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]]}}
| termstart      = 1691
| termend        =  7 March 1714
| predecessor    = [[Francisco Antonio de Agurto, 1st Marquess of Gastañaga|Francisco Antonio de Agurto]]
| successor      = [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] ''as governor of the Austrian Netherlands''
}}
| spouses      = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Maria Antonia of Austria]]|15 July 1685|24 December 1692|end=d}}
* {{Marriage|[[Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska]]|15 August 1694}}
}}
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria|Joseph Ferdinand]]
* [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[Ferdinand Maria Innocenz of Bavaria|Ferdinand Maria Innocenz]]
* [[Clemens August of Bavaria|Clemens August]]
* [[Johann Theodor of Bavaria|Johann Theodor]]
}}
| issue-link   = #Marriages and issue
| house        = [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
| father       = [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria]]
| mother       = [[Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1662|7|11|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Munich]], [[Electorate of Bavaria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1726|2|26|1662|7|11|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Munich]], Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
| burial_place = [[Theatinerkirche (München)|Theatine Church]]
| religion     = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Signature Maximilian II Emmanuel, Elector of Bavaria.svg
| module       = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| battles={{tree list}}
* [[Great Turkish War]]
** [[Battle of Vienna]]
** [[Siege of Buda (1684))|1st Siege of Buda]]
** [[Siege of Esztergom (1685)|Siege of Esztergom]]
** [[Siege of Buda (1686)|2nd Siege of Buda]]
** [[Battle of Mohács (1687)|Battle of Mohács]]
** [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|Siege of Belgrade]]
* [[Nine Years' War]]
** [[Battle of Landen]]
** [[Siege of Namur (1695)|Siege of Namur]]
*[[War of the Spanish Succession]]
**[[First Battle of Höchstädt]]
**[[Battle of Blenheim]]
**[[Battle of Ramillies]]
**[[Assault on Brussels (1708)|Assault on Brussels]]
{{tree list/end}}}}
}}
'''Maximilian II''' (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), also known as '''Max Emanuel''' or '''Maximilian Emanuel''',{{sfn|Spencer|2005}} was a [[Wittelsbach]] ruler of [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] and a [[prince-elector]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. He was also the last governor of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] and Duke of Luxembourg. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.<ref name="Be2014">{{cite book|author=Evelyne Bechmann|title=Die Frauen der Wittelsbacher: Ein Frauenbild vom Mittelalter bis in die Gegenwart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deGMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|date=17 September 2014|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-7357-8187-1|pages=38–}}</ref>

He was born in [[Munich]] to [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria]] and [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]].

==War against the Ottoman Empire==
Maximilian inherited the elector's mantle while still a minor in 1679 and remained under his uncle [[Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Prince of Bavaria|Maximilian Philipp]]'s regency until 1680. By 1683 he was already embarked on a military career, fighting in the defence of Vienna against the attempt of the [[Ottoman Empire]] to extend their possessions further into Europe. He returned to court for long enough to marry [[Maria Antonia of Austria (1669-1692)|Maria Antonia]], daughter of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]], on 15 July 1685 in [[Vienna]], Austria. This marriage was very unhappy since the couple disliked each other, but it was successful in producing the desired heir for both Bavaria and the Spanish monarchy.  Maximilian Emanuel's fame was assured when, in 1688, he led the [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|capture of Belgrade]] from the Turks, with the full support of Serbian insurgents under the command of [[Jovan Monasterlija]].<ref name="Wilson2002">{{cite book|author=Peter Wilson|title=German Armies: War and German Society, 1648–1806|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_WNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA363|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-37053-4|pages=68–}}</ref><ref name="MSc2014">{{cite book|author1=Derek Mckay|author2=H.M. Scott|title=The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815|pages=74– |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaiQBAAAQBAJ|date= 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87284-9}}</ref><ref name="Be2014"/>

==Governor of the Spanish Netherlands==
In the [[War of the Grand Alliance]] he again fought on the [[Habsburg]]s' side, protecting the Rhine frontier, and, being the Emperor's son-in-law and the husband of the King of Spain's niece, was appointed [[Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|governor]] of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] in late 1691.{{sfn|Storrs|1999|p=8}}

His Netherlands adventure catalyzed Maximilian Emanuel's dynastic ambitions. One year after his appointment as governor, Maria Antonia died in Vienna, having given birth to a son, [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria|Joseph Ferdinand]], who was appointed heir to the Spanish monarchy but died in 1699 before acceding the throne. An alternative avenue for Maximilian Emanuel's ambition was offered by his marriage on 12 January 1694 to [[Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska]], the death of whose father, the elected King of Poland [[John III Sobieski]], two years later, offered a potential avenue of influence in Polish affairs.<ref name="Kruedener2020">{{cite book|author=Claudia von Kruedener|title=Kurfürstin Therese Kunigunde von Bayern (1676–1730): und ihre Friedenspolitik in europäischen Dimensionen Zwischen Papst und Kaiser|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyTYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA401|date=23 March 2020|publisher=Verlag Friedrich Pustet|isbn=978-3-7917-7281-3|pages=61–}}</ref> Maximilian II was a candidate in the [[1697 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]], however, in view of the lack of strong support from other powers, the limited royal authority by the [[Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], and his greater interest in assuming the Spanish throne, he did not make a serious effort for the Polish crown.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Orszulik|first=Stanisław|year=1974|title=Kandydatura elektora bawarskiego Maksymiliana II Emanuela do korony polskiej po śmierci Jana III|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|publisher=[[Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich]], Wydawnictwo [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|location=Wrocław|language=pl|volume=XXIX|issue=2|pages=233–234}}</ref>

However, he concentrated his interests in [[Western Europe]], making his sons by Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska, [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert]] and [[Clemens August of Bavaria|Clemens August]], the principal beneficiaries of his ambitions.

The unsuccessful siege and [[Bombardment of Brussels (1695)|bombardment of Brussels]] in 1695 during the [[Nine Years' War]] by French troops and the resulting fire during Max Emanuel's rule were together the most destructive event in the entire history of [[Brussels]].<ref name="MSc2014"/><ref name="Be2014"/>

==War of the Spanish Succession==
[[Image:Max II Emanuel family v2.png|left|thumbnail|300px|Family tree]]
Maximilian Emanuel, who had married Archduchess Maria Antonia, the sole child of Emperor Leopold's Spanish marriage, was one of the more serious claimants to the Spanish inheritance of [[Charles II of Spain]], and the birth of his son [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria|Joseph Ferdinand]] in October 1692 immediately created a new claimant to the Spanish throne. In October 1698, [[William III of England]] and [[Louis XIV of France]] concluded the [[Treaty of The Hague (1698)|First Partition Treaty]], which gave the Spanish crown with the Indies to Joseph Ferdinand, the [[Duchy of Milan]] to Emperor Leopold's younger son Archduke [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles]], and the rest of Spanish Italy to France. The unexpected death of Joseph Ferdinand four months later voided this plan and in the [[Treaty of London (1700)|Second Partition Treaty]], the Bavarian portion of the inheritance was allotted to Archduke Charles.<ref>Joachim Whaley, ''Germany and the Holy Roman Empire'', volume II, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 108–109.</ref> By the outbreak of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in 1701, Maximilian Emanuel, who had long-term imperial aspirations, had hoped that his governorship of the Spanish Netherlands might yet reap the reward of a share of the Spanish inheritance from either Leopold or, failing him, Louis XIV.<ref>Joachim Whaley, p. 115.</ref> Allying himself with the French against Austria, his campaign against [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] in 1703 did not have success and his plans were then frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the [[Battle of Blenheim]] in 1704.

[[File:Maximilian II Emanuel on horse.jpg|thumb|Max Emanuel as military commander]]
In 1704–05, following the evacuation of the Bavarian court to the Spanish Netherlands after the defeat at the Battle of Blenheim, Max Emanuel's consort apparently was in charge of the government in the Stewardship of Munich of the Electorate of Bavaria as Regent Princess. However, when Theresa Kunegunda had found love letters of the Countess of Arco, a mistress of Max Emanuel, she left Munich to see her mother in Venice. The army would not allow her to return. In the ensuing evacuation of his court to the Netherlands, Maximilian Emanuel's family became separated and his sons were held prisoners for several years in Austria, Clemens August being brought up by [[Jesuits]]. Bavaria was partitioned between Austria and [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine]]. The harsh Austrian administration which managed to extract massive amounts of money and manpower from Bavaria led to [[Bavarian uprising of 1705–06|a serious peasant uprising]] within a year.<ref>Joachim Whaley, p. 115</ref>

[[File:Coat of Arms of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (as Ruler of the Spanish Netherlands).svg|left|thumb|200px|Coat of arms of Max Emanuel as ruler of Luxemburg and Namur]]
Maximilian Emanuel was again forced to flee the Netherlands after the [[Battle of Ramillies]] on 23 May 1706 and found refuge at the French court in [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] where his late sister [[Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna]] (1660–1690) had been the ''[[Dauphine of France]]''. In 1712, Luxemburg and [[County of Namur|Namur]] were ceded to Maximilian Emanuel by his French allies, a cession that was not definitive since France was only the occupant of what was still the Spanish Netherlands. The war between France and Austria finally ended in 1714 in the [[Treaty of Rastatt]] in which Louis XIV compelled Austria to implement the full restoration of his faithful ally Maximilian Emanuel, including the return of the Upper Palatinate. Maximilian Emanuel was to remain in possession of Luxemburg, Namur and Charleroi until he was restored.<ref>Joachim Whaley, pp. 117–118.</ref><ref name="MSc2014"/><ref name="Schryver1996">{{cite book|author=Reginald de Schryver|title=Max II. Emanuel von Bayern und das spanische Erbe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wKHAAAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=P. von Zabern|isbn=978-3-8053-1621-7}}</ref><ref name="Be2014"/>

==Final years in Bavaria==
[[Image:Giuseppe Volpini Kurfuerst Max Emanuel um 1720-1.jpg|thumb|left|Max Emanuel by Giuseppe Volpini (1720)]]
Back in Bavaria, Maximilian Emanuel focused on architecture projects to balance the failure of his political ambitions. It was bitter for him to witness the royal elevation of the German princes [[Augustus II the Strong]] (1697), [[Frederick I of Prussia]] (1701) and [[George I of Great Britain|George I of Hanover]] (1714) as well as of his cousin [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia|Victor Amadeus of Sicily]] (1713) while his own political dreams could not be realized.

Maximilian Emanuel then supported the Habsburgs in a [[Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)|new war]] against the Turks, contributing troops to the [[Army of the Holy Roman Empire]] in (1717).

In 1724, he created a union of all lines of the Wittelsbach dynasty to increase the influence of his house. The Wittelsbach prince-electors Max Emanuel, his son Clemens August of [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]], [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine]] and [[Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg|Franz Ludwig of Trier]] had at that time four votes at their disposal for the next imperial election. The crown of the Holy Roman Empire was sought for either Max Emanuel or his son Charles Albert. Already in 1722 Charles Albert had been married to the Habsburg Archduchess [[Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress|Maria Amalia of Austria]].

In 1726, Max Emanuel died of a stroke. He is buried in the crypt of the [[Theatinerkirche (München)|Theatinerkirche]] in Munich.<ref name="Be2014"/>

==Cultural legacy==
[[File:Schleißheim-bjs-01.jpg|thumb|right|Schleissheim, New Palace.]]
[[File:Max Emanuels mit seiner Familie 1733.jpg|thumb|right|Family of Maximilian II Emanuel in 1733.]]
During his entire reign Maximilian II Emanuel patronized the arts. As governor of the Spanish Netherlands he acquired numerous [[Dutch art|Dutch]] and [[Flemish art|Flemish paintings]] for the [[Alte Pinakothek|Wittelsbach collection]].

The first half of Max Emanuel's reign was still dominated by his parents' Italian court artists, like [[Enrico Zuccalli]] and [[Giovanni Antonio Viscardi]]. Between 1684 and 1688, Zuccalli built the Italian style [[Schleissheim Palace#Lustheim Palace|Lustheim Palace]] for Max Emanuel and his first wife Maria Antonia, located on a central island. With the appointment of [[Joseph Effner]] serving as chief architect of the court and the young [[François de Cuvilliés]] as his assistant, the French influence significantly increased and Max Emanuel's return in 1715 marked the origin of the era of Bavarian [[Rococo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=993&page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312094739/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=993&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 12, 2007 |title= François de Cuvilliés    |publisher= Getty | access-date= April 13, 2020  }}</ref><ref name="Robertson2009">{{cite book|author=Michael Robertson|title=The Courtly Consort Suite in German-speaking Europe, 1650–1706|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46vj6bKoHxsC&pg=PA175|year=2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-6451-2|pages=175–}}</ref>

The [[Nymphenburg Palace]] was enlarged, the [[Dachau Palace]] redesigned, and the new [[Schleissheim Palace]] was finally completed (1726) during Max Emanuel's reign. These palaces were connected with a network of canals as Max Emanuel had become acquainted with in the Netherlands. Between 1715 and 1717, he had the [[Baroque|Baroque style]] [[Fürstenried Palace]] built by Effner as a hunting lodge which was the extension and modification of an already existing noble mansion.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.sueddeutscher-barock.ch/PDF_Bau/Nymphenburg_Burgen_Max_II_Emanuel.pdf | title=Schloss und Schlossgarten Nymphenburg – Die Gartengebäude von Kurfürst Max II. Emanuel – Die Pagodenburg |publisher= Süddeutscher Barock ch  | date=October 7, 2017  | access-date= April 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://jsah.ucpress.edu/content/51/1/99.abstract |title=  Review: Die Exotismen des Kurfürsten Max Emanuel in Nymphenburg: Eine kunst- und kulturhistorische Studie zum Phänomen von Chinoiserie und Orientalismus in Bayern und Europa by Ulrika Kiby (english text) |publisher= UC Press – Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians | date=March 1, 1992 | author=Eric Garberson  | access-date= April 13, 2020 }}</ref>

==Marriages and issue==
[[File:Bruni - Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria, Maria Antonia of Austria and their son Joseph Ferdinand.png|thumb|left|200px|Max Emanuel with first wife Maria Antonia and their son Joseph Ferdinand by F. C. Bruni, 1695]] First marriage with [[Maria Antonia of Austria]], daughter of Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]:
* Leopold Ferdinand (b. 22 May and d. 25 May 1689) died in infancy.
* Anton (b. and d. 19 November 1690) died at birth.
* [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria|Joseph Ferdinand]] (1692–1699)

Second marriage with [[Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska]] of Poland, daughter of King [[John III Sobieski]]:

* Stillborn child (1695)
* Maria Anna Karoline ( 4 August 1696 – 9 October 1750), since 1720 a nun, died unmarried and without issue.
* [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert]] (1697–1745), elector of Bavaria, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor,  ∞ 1722 [[Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress|Maria Amalia Josepha Anna of Austria]] (1701–1756)
* Philipp Moritz Maria (5 August 1698 – 12 March 1719), elected bishop of Paderborn and Münster, died unmarried and without issue.
* [[Ferdinand Maria Innocenz of Bavaria|Ferdinand Maria]] (1699–1738), imperial general
* [[Clemens August of Bavaria|Clemens August]] (1700–1761), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Prince Archbishop of Cologne, Bishop of Regensburg, Paderborn, Osnabrück, Hildesheim and Münster
* Wilhelm (12 July 1701 – 12 February 1704) died in early childhood.
* Alois Johann Adolf (21 June 1702 – 18 June 1705) died in early childhood.
* [[Johann Theodor of Bavaria|Johann Theodor]] (1703–1763), Cardinal, Prince [[bishop of Regensburg]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising#Prince-bishops of Freising|Freising]] and [[List of bishops and prince-bishops of Liège#Prince-bishops of Liège, 972-1794|Liege]]
* Maximilian Emanuel Thomas (21 December 1704 – 18 February 1709) died in early childhood.

He had an illegitimate child with his French mistress [[Agnes Le Louchier|Agnes Françoise Louchier]];

*''Emmanuel François Joseph, Count of Bavaria'' (1695– 2 July 1747) had two children with Maria Josepha Karolina von Hohenfels; also had an affair with [[Louise Anne de Bourbon]], grand daughter of [[Madame de Montespan]].

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria'''
|2= 2. [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria]]
|3= 3. [[Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]]
|4= 4. [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]]
|5= 5. [[Maria Anna of Austria (1610-1665)|Maria Anna of Austria]]
|6= 6. [[Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy]]
|7= 7. [[Christine of France]]
|8= 8. [[William V, Duke of Bavaria]]
|9= 9. [[Renata of Lorraine]]
|10= 10. [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]
|12= 12. [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]]
|13= 13. [[Catalina Micaela of Spain|Catherine Michaela
 of Spain]]
|14= 14. [[Henry IV of France]]
|15= 15. [[Marie de' Medici]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book | author-link=Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer | last=Spencer | first=Charles | title=Blenheim: Battle for Europe | location=Phoenix | year=2005 | isbn=0-304-36704-4}}
*{{cite book | last=Storrs | first=Christopher | title=War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy 1690–1720 | year=1999 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0521551463}}
* Ludwig Hüttl: ''Max Emanuel. Der Blaue Kurfürst 1679–1726. Eine politische Biographie.'' Munich: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1976. {{ISBN|3-7991-5863-4}} {{in lang|de}}
*[[Christian Probst]]: ''[[Sendlinger Mordweihnacht|Lieber bayrisch sterben]]. Der bayrische Volksaufstand der Jahre 1705 und 1706.'' Munich: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1978. {{ISBN|3-7991-5970-3}} {{in lang|de}}
*[[Marcus Junkelmann]]: ''Kurfürst Max Emanuel von Bayern als Feldherr.'' Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2000. {{ISBN|3-89675-731-8}} {{in lang|de}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Wittelsbach]]|11 July|1662|26 February|1726}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ferdinand Maria, elector of Bavaria|Ferdinand Maria]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Elector of Bavaria]]|years=1679–1726}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Philip V of Spain|Philip V & VII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Luxembourg]]<br>[[Marquis of Namur]]|years=1712–1713}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V & IV]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Francisco Antonio de Agurto, Marquis of Gastañaga|Francisco Antonio de Agurto,<br>Marquis of Castañaga]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]]|years=1692–1706}}
{{S-vac|reason=British and Dutch military occupation|next=[[Prince Eugene of Savoy]]|as=governor of the [[Austrian Netherlands]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Electors of Bavaria}}
{{Monarchs of Luxembourg}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maximilian 02 Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria}}
[[Category:1662 births]]
[[Category:1726 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century prince-electors of Bavaria]]
[[Category:18th-century prince-electors of Bavaria]]
[[Category:18th-century monarchs of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:18th-century margraves of Namur]]
[[Category:18th-century art collectors]]
[[Category:18th-century German philanthropists]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands]]
[[Category:Candidates for the Polish elective throne]]
[[Category:German art collectors]]
[[Category:Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire) personnel]]
[[Category:People of the Great Turkish War]]
[[Category:German military personnel of the Nine Years' War]]
[[Category:German army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
[[Category:Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich]]
[[Category:Nobility from Munich]]
[[Category:People from the Electorate of Bavaria]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach|Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]