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{{Short description|American politician (born 1938)}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=February 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Maxine Waters | image = Maxine Waters Official.jpg | caption = Waters in 2012 | office = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]] | term_start = January 3, 2023 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Patrick McHenry]] | successor = | term_start1 = January 3, 2013 | term_end1 = January 3, 2019 | predecessor1 = [[Barney Frank]] | successor1 = [[Patrick McHenry]] | office2 = Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2019 | term_end2 = January 3, 2023 | predecessor2 = [[Jeb Hensarling]] | successor2 = [[Patrick McHenry]] | office3 = Chair of the [[Congressional Black Caucus]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1997 | term_end3 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor3 = [[Donald M. Payne]] | successor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | office4 = Member of the <br /> [[U.S. House of Representatives]] <br /> from [[California]] | term_start4 = January 3, 1991 | term_end4 = | predecessor4 = [[Augustus Hawkins]] | successor4 = | constituency4 = [[California's 29th congressional district|29th district]] (1991β1993)<br />[[California's 35th congressional district|35th district]] (1993β2013)<br />[[California's 43rd congressional district|43rd district]] (2013βpresent) | state_assembly5 = California | district5 = [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th]] | term_start5 = December 6, 1976 | term_end5 = November 30, 1990 | predecessor5 = [[Leon D. Ralph]] | successor5 = [[Marguerite Archie-Hudson]] | birth_name = Maxine Moore Carr | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|8|15}} | birth_place = [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|Edward Waters|1956|1972|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[Sid Williams]]|1977}} }} | children = 2 | education = [[California State University, Los Angeles]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | signature = Signature of Maxine Waters.svg | website = {{URL|waters.house.gov|House website}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Rep. Maxine Waters on Humanitarian Aid to Mozambique.ogg|title=Maxine Waters's voice|type=speech|description=Maxine Waters on humanitarian aid to Mozambique after the [[2000 Mozambique flood|2000 flood]]<br />Recorded March 14, 2000}} }} '''Maxine Moore Waters''' (nΓ©e '''Carr'''; born August 15, 1938) is an American politician serving as the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CA|43}} since 1991. The district, numbered as the [[California's 29th congressional district|29th district]] from 1991 to 1993 and as the [[California's 35th congressional district|35th district]] from 1993 to 2013, includes much of southern [[Los Angeles]], as well as portions of [[Gardena, California|Gardena]], [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]] and [[Torrance, California|Torrance]]. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], Waters is in her 18th House term. She is the [[List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority|most senior]] of the 13 black women serving in Congress, and chaired the [[Congressional Black Caucus]] from 1997 to 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=Membership|url=https://cbc.house.gov/membership/|publisher=Congressional Black Caucus|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> She is the second-most senior member of the [[California congressional delegation]], after [[Nancy Pelosi]]. She chaired the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]] from 2019 to 2023 and has been the ranking member since 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neukam |first=Stephen |date=10 January 2023 |title=New Congress: Here's who's heading the various House Committees |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/3807593-new-congress-heres-whos-heading-the-various-house-committees/ |access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref> Before becoming a U.S. representative, Waters served seven terms in the [[California State Assembly]], to which she was first elected in 1976. As an assemblywoman, she advocated [[divestment from South Africa]]'s [[apartheid]] regime. In Congress, she was an outspoken opponent of the [[Iraq War]] and has sharply criticized Presidents [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Barack Obama]], and [[Donald Trump]], whom she has consistently denounced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/445880-maxine-waters-trump-should-resign-and-free-us-from-impeachment-proceedings/|title=Maxine Waters: Trump should resign and 'free us' from impeachment proceedings|last=Gstalter|first=Morgan|date=2019-05-29|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref><ref name="politico.com">Williams, Joseph Williams (October 20, 2011), [http://www.politico.com/story/2011/10/obama-learns-perils-of-roiling-waters-066418 " Obama learns perils of roiling Waters"], ''Politico'', October 20, 2011.</ref> Waters was included in [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine's list of "''[[100 Most Influential People]] of 2018''."<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Maxine Waters: The World's 100 Most Influential People|url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217567/maxine-waters/|access-date=2020-09-23|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|language=en-us}}</ref> == Early life and education == Waters was born in 1938 in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], the daughter of Remus Carr and Velma Lee (nΓ©e Moore).<ref name="Kinloch">{{cite news|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/political-fix/article_cc2b7804-f3fc-11df-a219-0017a4a78c22.html |title=Next up for House Ethics trial: St. Louis native Maxine Waters|work=stltoday|date=November 19, 2010|access-date=April 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name="contemporary black">{{cite web|title=Waters, Maxine |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Maxine_Waters.aspx|website=Contemporary Black Biography |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |access-date=February 7, 2015|date=2008}}</ref> The fifth of 13 children, she was raised by her single mother after her father left the family when Maxine was two.<ref name="two worlds">{{cite web|last1=Brownstein|first1=Ronald|title=The Two Worlds of Maxine Waters|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-05-tm-7-story.html|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] Magazine|access-date=December 18, 2014|date=March 5, 1989}}</ref> She graduated from [[Vashon High School]] in St. Louis before moving with her family to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961. She worked in a garment factory and as a telephone operator before being hired as an assistant teacher with the [[Head Start (program)|Head Start]] program in [[Watts, Los Angeles|Watts]] in 1966.<ref name="two worlds" /> Waters later enrolled at Los Angeles State College (now [[California State University, Los Angeles]]), where she received a bachelor's degree in [[sociology]] in 1971.<ref name="Cal State LA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.calstatela.edu/univ/ppa/publicat/aawds.htm|title=Public Affairs Office β Who's Who of Cal State L.A. Alumni|date=October 22, 2013|website=Cal State LA}}</ref> == Early political career == In 1973, Waters went to work as chief deputy to City Councilman [[David S. Cunningham Jr.]] She was elected to the [[California State Assembly]] in 1976. In the Assembly, she worked for the divestment of [[state pension]] funds from any businesses active in [[South Africa]], a country then operating under the policy of [[apartheid]], and helped pass legislation within the guidelines of the [[divestment campaign]]'s [[Sullivan Principles]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Howard W. |last=French |author-link=Howard W. French |title=Slash Ties, Apartheid Foes Urge |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1D6143AF93AA35751C0A961948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=D1 |date=February 9, 1987 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |quote=Maxine Waters, a member of the California Assembly who helped frame her state's pension fund divestment bill, has promised ''to work overtime to insure that our legislation reflects these guidelines and continues to target any and all U.S. companies that are doing business in or with South Africa.''}}</ref> She ascended to the position of Democratic Caucus Chair for the Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.house.gov/waters/bio/ |title=About Congresswoman Maxine Waters: Representing the 35th District of California |access-date=March 13, 2009 |quote=During 14 years in the California State Assembly, she rose to the powerful position of Democratic Caucus Chair. She was responsible for some of the boldest legislation California has ever seen: the largest divestment of state pension funds from South Africa; landmark affirmative action legislation; the nation's first statewide Child Abuse Prevention Training Program; the prohibition of police strip searches for nonviolent misdemeanors; and the introduction of the nation's first plant closure law. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301092115/http://www.house.gov/waters/bio/ |archive-date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> == U.S. House of Representatives == [[File:Maxine Waters and Bill Clinton.jpg|thumb|right|Waters greeting [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]] in 1994]] [[File:P20210630AS-2668 (51361593531).jpg|thumb|right|Waters watches as [[President of the United States|President]] [[Joe Biden]] signs the Methane, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and True Lender CRA Bills in 2021]] === Elections === Upon the retirement of [[Augustus F. Hawkins]] in 1990, Waters was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] for [[California's 29th congressional district]] with over 79% of the vote. She has been reelected consistently from this district, renumbered as the [[California's 35th congressional district|35th district]] in 1992 and as the [[California's 43rd congressional district|43rd]] in 2012, with at least 70% of the vote. Waters has represented large parts of [[south-central Los Angeles]] and the Los Angeles coastal communities of [[Westchester, Los Angeles|Westchester]] and [[Playa del Rey, Los Angeles|Playa Del Rey]], as well as the cities of [[Torrance, California|Torrance]], [[Gardena, California|Gardena]], [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]], [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]] and [[Lawndale, California|Lawndale]]. === Tenure === [[File:Representative Maxine Waters during a Judiciary Committee hearing related to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton (1).jpg|thumb|Waters at a 1998 [[House Committee on the Judiciary]] hearing during the [[Impeachment inquiry against Bill Clinton]]]] On July 29, 1994, Waters came to public attention when she repeatedly interrupted a speech by Representative [[Peter T. King|Peter King]]. The presiding officer, [[Carrie Meek]], classed her behavior as "unruly and turbulent", and threatened to have the [[Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives|Sergeant at Arms]] present her with the [[Mace of the United States House of Representatives|Mace of the House of Representatives]] (the equivalent of a formal warning to desist). {{As of|2017}}, this is the most recent instance of the mace being employed for a disciplinary purpose. Waters was eventually suspended from the House for the rest of the day. The conflict with King stemmed from the previous day, when they had both been present at a [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Banking Committee]] hearing on the [[Whitewater controversy]]. Waters felt King's questioning of [[Maggie Williams]] ([[Hillary Clinton]]'s chief of staff) was too harsh, and they subsequently exchanged hostile words.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/30/us/sometimes-the-order-of-the-day-is-just-maintaining-order.html?pagewanted=print |title=Sometimes the Order of the Day Is Just Maintaining Order |date=July 30, 1994 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=3 May 2021|first= Catherine S. |last=Manegold}}</ref><ref>Hawthorne, California; C-SPAN [http://www.c-span.org/questions/week155.asp] What is the staff with an eagle on top they keep moving around in the House? What is it used for? March 5, 2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509093009/http://www.c-span.org/questions/week155.asp|date=May 9, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?59115-1/whitewater-controversy-house-floor|title=Whitewater Controversy House Floor, Jul 29 1994 {{!}} Video {{!}} C-SPAN.org|website=www.c-span.org|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> Waters chaired the Congressional Black Caucus from 1997 to 1998. In 2005, she testified at the [[U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce]] hearings on "Enforcement of Federal Anti-Fraud Laws in For-Profit Education", highlighting the [[American College of Medical Technology]] as a "problem school" in her district.<ref name="forprofit">{{cite web|url=http://archives.republicans.edlabor.house.gov/archive/hearings/109th/fc/60minutes030105/waters.htm|title= Testimony of the Honorable Maxine Waters|website= House|access-date= March 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213191650/http://archives.republicans.edlabor.house.gov/archive/hearings/109th/fc/60minutes030105/waters.htm|archive-date= December 13, 2016|url-status= dead|df= mdy-all}}</ref> In 2006, she was involved in the debate over [[King Drew Medical Center]]. She criticized media coverage of the hospital and asked the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) to deny a waiver of the [[Concentration of media ownership#Cross-ownership proceedings|cross ownership ban]], and hence license renewal for [[KTLA-TV]], a station the ''Los Angeles Times'' owned. She said, "The ''Los Angeles Times'' has had an inordinate effect on public opinion and has used it to harm the local community in specific instances." She requested that the FCC force the paper to either sell its station or risk losing that station's broadcast rights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.house.gov/apps/list/hearing/ca35_waters/CS061101_fcc.html |title=Petition to Deny Request for Renewal of Broadcast License |access-date=March 13, 2009 |date=November 1, 2006 |first= Maxine |last= Waters |quote= [[Tribune Company|Tribune]] influenced public opinion in the Los Angeles DMA to harm its residents and one of its most critical public health facilities β the Martin Luther King/Drew Medical Center (King/Drew). |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303061254/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/hearing/ca35_waters/CS061101_fcc.html |archive-date=March 3, 2009}}</ref> According to [[Broadcasting & Cable]], the challenges raised "the specter of costly legal battles to defend station holdings... At a minimum, defending against one would cost tens of thousands of dollars in lawyers' fees and probably delay license renewal about three months".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA454236.html |title=Your Money or Your License |date=September 19, 2004 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]] |access-date=March 13, 2009 |first= Bill |last= McConnell}}</ref> Waters's petition was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/sta_det.pl?Facility_id=35670 |title=Station Search Details |access-date=March 13, 2009 |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |quote=Call Sign: KTLA... Channel: 5... Lic Expir: 12/01/2014 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407022943/https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/sta_det.pl?Facility_id=35670 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As a Democratic representative in Congress, Waters was a [[superdelegate]] to the [[2008 Democratic National Convention]]. She endorsed Democratic [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Hillary Clinton]] for the party's nomination in late January 2008, granting Clinton nationally recognized support that some suggested would "make big waves."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/the-endorsements-that-would-make-huge-waves-2007-12-06.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208123400/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/the-endorsements-that-would-make-huge-waves-2007-12-06.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 8, 2007 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |title=The endorsements that would make huge waves |date=December 6, 2007 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |quote=Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.). The outspoken [[Post-September 11 anti-war movement|anti-war]] liberal, who campaigned for [[Ned Lamont]] (D) over U.S. Senator [[Joe Lieberman]] (I) from [[Connecticut]] last year, has not picked a favorite.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/01/maxine_waters_f.html |title= Maxine Waters for Clinton β 2008 Presidential Campaign Blog β Political Intelligence |access-date=March 14, 2009 | first= Marcella |last=Bombardieri | date=January 29, 2008 |work=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/01/maxine_waters_f.html |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |title=Maxine Waters for Clinton |first=Marcella |last=Bombardieri |date=January 29, 2008}}</ref> Waters later switched her endorsement to U.S. Senator [[Barack Obama]] when his lead in the [[pledged delegate]] count became insurmountable on the final day of primary voting.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/the-superdelegate-tally/index.html?hp |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=The Superdelegate Tally |first=Julie |last=Bosman |date=June 3, 2008 |access-date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606003010/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/the-superdelegate-tally/index.html?hp |archive-date=June 6, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2009 Waters had a confrontation with Representative [[Dave Obey]] over an [[earmark (politics)|earmark]] in the [[United States House Committee on Appropriations]]. The funding request was for a public school employment training center in Los Angeles that was named after her.<ref>{{cite news |first1= Jared |last1=Allen | first2 =Mike | last2 = Soraghan |title= Obey, Waters in noisy floor fight |url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/obey-waters-in-noisy-floor-fight-2009-06-25.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627211326/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/obey-waters-in-noisy-floor-fight-2009-06-25.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2009 | work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=June 25, 2009 |access-date=June 26, 2009}}</ref> In 2011, Waters voted against the [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012]], related to a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to detain American citizens and others indefinitely without trial.<ref>{{cite web | last = Sheets | first = Connor | title = NDAA Bill: How Did Your Congress Member Vote? | work = International Business Times | date = December 16, 2011 |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/ndaa-bill-how-did-your-congress-member-vote-384362?page=1}}</ref> Upon [[Barney Frank]]'s retirement in 2012, Waters became the [[ranking member]] of the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/finance/179694-maxine-waters-in-line-to-take-over-from-frank-on-financial-services-committee/ |title=Maxine Waters in line to take over from Frank on Financial Services Committee |access-date=December 7, 2011 | first1 =Bernie | last1 = Becker |first2 =Peter | last2 = Schroeder |date=November 28, 2011 | work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/finance/179694-maxine-waters-in-line-to-take-over-from-frank-on-financial-services-committee/ |title= Maxine Waters to Succeed Barney Frank on Banking Panel |access-date=May 23, 2013 | first = Michael R |last=Crittenden |date=December 4, 2012 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal|WSJ Blog Washington Wire]]}}</ref> On July 24, 2013, she voted in favor of Amendment 100 in H.R. 2397 Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2014.<ref>{{cite web | title =Final Vote Results For Roll Call 412 | work =US House of Representatives |url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2013/roll412.xml}}</ref> The amendment targeted domestic surveillance activities, specifically that of the [[National Security Agency]], and would have limited the flexibility of the [[PRISM (surveillance program)|NSA's interpretation of the law to collect sweeping data on U.S. citizens]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Why The NSA and President Bush Got The FISA Court to Reinterpret The Law in Order To Collect Tons Of Data | work = Tech Dirt | date = June 17, 2013 |url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130617/01163623501/why-nsa-president-bush-got-fisa-court-to-reinterpret-law-order-to-collect-tons-data.shtml}}</ref> Amendment 100 was rejected, 217β205. On March 27, 2014, Waters introduced a discussion draft of the Housing Opportunities Move the Economy Forward Act of 2014 known as the Home Forward Act of 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1 =Siegel|first1 = Robert M.|title= Recently Unveiled "Home Forward" Housing Act May Signal the End of Fannie and Freddie |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/recently-unveiled-home-forward-housing-act-may-signal-end-fannie-and-freddie|access-date= April 16, 2014|newspaper=The National Law Review |date=April 9, 2014| first2 =Jeremy C | last2 = Sahn| publisher = Bilzin Sumberg Baena Price & Axelrod LLP}}</ref> A key provision of the bill includes the collection of 10 basis points for "every dollar outstanding mortgages collateralizing covered securities", estimated at $5 billion a year. These funds would be directed to three funds that support affordable housing initiatives, with 75% going to the National [[Housing trust fund]]. The National Housing Trust Fund will then provide block grants to states to be used primarily to build, preserve, rehabilitate, and operate rental housing that is affordable to the lowest income households, and groups including seniors, disabled persons and low income workers. The National Housing Trust was enacted in 2008, but has yet to be funded.<ref>{{cite web|title=H.R Bill β 113th Congress 2D Session [Discussion Draft] 'Housing Opportunities Move the Economy Forward Act 5 of 2014' or the 'Home Forward Act of 2014' |url=http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/HOME_Forward_Act_2014.pdf|publisher=Government Printing Office |date= 2014|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> In 2009, Waters co-sponsored Representative [[John Conyers]]'s bill calling for [[reparations for slavery]] to be paid to black Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-40|title= H.R. 40 (111th): Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act |publisher=[[GovTrack]]}}</ref> For her tenure as chair of the House Financial Services Committee in the 116th Congress, Waters earned an "A" grade from the nonpartisan Lugar Center's Congressional Oversight Hearing Index.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |url=https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/ |website=Welcome to the Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |publisher=The Lugar Center}}</ref> ==== CIA ==== After a 1996 ''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'' article alleged the complicity of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) in the Los Angeles [[crack epidemic]] of the 1980s, Waters called for an investigation. She asked whether "U.S.-government paid or organized operatives smuggled, transported and sold it to American citizens".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.narconews.com/darkalliance/drugs/library/32.htm |title=Drugs |work=[[The Narco News Bulletin]] |first=Maxine |last=Waters |date=August 30, 1996 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |quote=What those articles traced, among other things, is the long-term relationship between [[Norwin Meneses]], a [[Nicaragua]]n [[drug trafficker]], [[Danilo Blandon]], a Nicaraguan businessperson connected to the Contra rebels as well as a drug trader, and [[Ricky Ross (drug trafficker)|Ricky Ross]], an American who worked with Blandon distributing crack cocaine in this country. These individuals represent a much broader and more troubling relationship between [[United States Intelligence Community|U.S. intelligence]] and security policy, [[drug smuggling]], and the spread of [[crack cocaine]] into the United States. Letter to [[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Janet Reno]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121818/http://www.narconews.com/darkalliance/drugs/library/32.htm |archive-date=December 16, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The [[United States Department of Justice]] announced it had failed to find any evidence to support the original story.<ref name="white">{{cite book |last=Cockburn| first =Alexander |author2=Jeffrey St Clair| year=1999| title =Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press |publisher=Verso| isbn =1-85984-258-5}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' also concluded after its own extensive investigation that the allegations were not supported by evidence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/9712/ch01p1.htm|title=CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy}}</ref> The author of the original story, [[Gary Webb]], was eventually transferred to a different beat and removed from investigative reporting, before his death in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=2056|title='Are You Sure You Want to Ruin Your Career?' Gary Webb's fate a warning to gutsy reporters|first=Barbara Bliss|last=Osborn|website=Fair|date=March 1, 1998}}</ref> Webb was found in his apartment with two bullet holes in his head. His death was declared a suicide. After these post-publication investigations, Waters read into the Congressional Record a memorandum of understanding in which former President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s CIA director rejected any duty by the CIA to report illegal narcotics trafficking to the Department of Justice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csun.edu/coms/ben/news/cia/7May98/waters2.html |title=Casey |access-date=14 July 2021|first=Maxine |last=Waters |date=May 7, 1998 |work=[[Congressional Record]]? |publisher=[[California State University Northridge]] |pages=H2970βH2978 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040910214409/http://www.csun.edu/coms/ben/news/cia/7May98/waters2.html |archive-date=September 10, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csun.edu/coms/ben/news/cia/7May98/waters2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040910214409/http://www.csun.edu/coms/ben/news/cia/7May98/waters2.html|title=Casey|archive-date=September 10, 2004|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> ==== Allegations of corruption ==== According to Chuck Neubauer and Ted Rohrlich writing in the ''Los Angeles Times'' in 2004, Waters's relatives had made more than $1 million (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=1000000|start_year=2004}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) during the preceding eight years by doing business with companies, candidates and causes that Waters had helped. They claimed she and her husband helped a company get government bond business, and her daughter Karen Waters and son Edward Waters have profited from her connections. Waters replied, "They do their business and I do mine."<ref name="clout">Chuck Neubauer and Ted Rohrlich [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/768236071.html?dids=768236071:768236071&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+19%2C+2004&author=Chuck+Neubauer+and+Ted+Rohrlich&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=CAPITALIZING+ON+CLOUT%3B+Capitalizing+on+a+Politician's+Clout%3B+The+husband%2C+daughter+and+son+of+Rep.+Maxine+Waters+have+business+links+to+people+the+influential+lawmaker+has+aided.&pqatl=google Capitalizing on a Politician's Clout; The husband, daughter and son of Rep. Maxine Waters have business links to people the influential lawmaker has aided] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906023115/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/768236071.html?dids=768236071%3A768236071&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Dec%2019%2C%202004&author=Chuck%20Neubauer%20and%20Ted%20Rohrlich&pub=Los%20Angeles%20Times&desc=CAPITALIZING%20ON%20CLOUT%3B%20Capitalizing%20on%20a%20Politician%27s%20Clout%3B%20The%20husband%2C%20daughter%20and%20son%20of%20Rep.%20Maxine%20Waters%20have%20business%20links%20to%20people%20the%20influential%20lawmaker%20has%20aided.&pqatl=google |date=September 6, 2012 }}; ''The Los Angeles Times''. December 19, 2004. Retrieved August 18, 2010.</ref> Liberal watchdog group [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]] named Waters to its list of corrupt members of Congress in its 2005, 2006, 2009 and 2011 reports.<ref>{{cite web| title =Maxine Waters |work=CREW's Most Corrupt|url=http://www.crewsmostcorrupt.org/mostcorrupt/entry/maxine-waters| url-status =dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518200728/http://www.crewsmostcorrupt.org/mostcorrupt/entry/maxine-waters| archive-date =May 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name=":0">Yamiche Alcindor, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/07/us/politics/maxine-waters-trump-ben-carson.html 'Auntie Maxine' Waters Goes After Trump and Goes Viral], ''New York Times'' (July 7, 2017).</ref> [[Citizens Against Government Waste]] named her the June 2009 Porker of the Month due to her intention to obtain an earmark for the Maxine Waters Employment Preparation Center.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rep. Maxine Waters is CAGW's June Porker of the Month |url=http://www.cagw.org/site/PageServer?pagename=news_porkerofthemonth_2009_June |publisher=[[Citizens Against Government Waste]] |date=April 2009 |access-date=July 11, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623023939/http://www.cagw.org/site/PageServer?pagename=news_porkerofthemonth_2009_June |archive-date=June 23, 2009 }}</ref><ref>Wood, Daniel B. (August 3, 2010), [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/0803/Maxine-Waters-charges-highlight-mixed-ethics-record "Maxine Waters: charges highlight mixed ethics record"], ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''.</ref> Waters came under investigation for ethics violations and was accused by a House panel of at least one ethics violation related to her efforts to help [[OneUnited Bank]] receive federal aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-waters-20100731,0,6472045.story?track=rss | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | title=Maxine Waters faces ethics charges | first1=Richard |last1=Simon | first2=Lisa | last2=Mascaro | date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> Waters's husband is a stockholder and former [[Board of directors|director]] of OneUnited Bank and the bank's executives were major [[campaign contributions|contributors]] to her campaigns. In September 2008, Waters arranged meetings between [[U.S. Treasury Department]] officials and OneUnited Bank so that the bank could plead for federal cash. It had been heavily invested in [[Freddie Mac]] and [[Fannie Mae]], and its capital was "all but wiped out" after the U.S. government took it over. The bank received $12 million in [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]] (TARP) money.<ref>{{cite news |first=Susan |last=Schmidt |author-link=Susan Schmidt |title=Waters Helped Bank Whose Stock She Once Owned |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB123682571772404053.html |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=March 13, 2009|quote=Ms. Waters, who represents inner-city Los Angeles, hasn't made a secret of her family's financial interest in OneUnited. Referring to her family's investment, she said in 2007 during a congressional hearing that for African-Americans, "the test of your commitment to economic expansion and development and support for business is whether or not you put your money where your mouth is."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author-link=Eric Lipton |first2=Jim|last2=Rutenberg|author2-link=Jim Rutenberg |first3=Barclay |last3=Walsh |title=Congresswoman, Tied to Bank, Helped Seek Funds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/13/us/politics/13waters.html?scp=1&sq=OneUnited%20Waters%20Williams&st=cse|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |quote=Top federal regulators say they were taken aback when they learned that a California congresswoman who helped set up a meeting with bankers last year had family financial ties to a bank whose chief executive asked them for up to $50 million in special bailout funds.}}</ref> The matter was investigated by the [[United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct|House Ethics Committee]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Margasak |title=Ethics panel defers probe on Jesse Jackson Jr.|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5isD4Tm-5D4OFcA0LUEPQcnltY46AD9AOHICO2 |agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=September 16, 2009 |access-date=September 16, 2009}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maxine Waters: House ethics panel extends case of L.A. lawmaker |first=Richard |last=Simon |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-maxine-waters-20120806,0,2362870.story |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 6, 2012 |access-date=August 10, 2012}}</ref> which charged Waters with violations of the House's ethics rules in 2010.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/01/us/politics/01ethics.html?scp=7&sq=maxine%20waters&st=cse | work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Ethics Inquiry on Waters Is Tied to OneUnited Bank | first=Eric | last=Lipton | date=July 31, 2010}}</ref><ref name="voices.washingtonpost.com">{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2010/08/live-maxine-waters-defends-her.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005014837/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2010/08/live-maxine-waters-defends-her.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 5, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Perry Jr. |last=Bacon| title=Maxine Waters defends herself publicly on ethics charges|date=August 13, 2010}}</ref><ref name="newsweek.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/the-gaggle/2010/08/09/rep-maxine-waters-faces-three-charges.html|first=Tara A.|last=Lewis|title=Rep. Maxine Waters Faces Three Charges|date=August 9, 2010|work=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref><ref name="Lipton">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/31/us/politics/31waters.html?scp=4&sq=maxine%20waters&st=cse | work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Ethics Trial Expected for California Congresswoman | first=Eric | last=Lipton | date=July 30, 2010}}</ref> On September 21, 2012, the House Ethics Committee completed a report clearing Waters of all ethics charges after nearly three years of investigation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hederman|first=Rosaline|title=Maxine Waters cleared of House ethics charges |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/maxine-waters-cleared-of-house-ethics-charges/2012/09/21/75d346c2-03f3-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_blog.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=September 21, 2012|date=September 21, 2012}}</ref> ==== Objection to 2000 presidential election results ==== Waters and other House members objected to Florida's electoral votes, which [[George W. Bush]] narrowly won after a contentious [[2000 Florida presidential election recount|recount]]. Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President [[Al Gore]], who was Bush's opponent in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-07-mn-9426-story.html|title=Objections Aside, a Smiling Gore Certifies Bush|date=January 7, 2001|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> ==== Objection to 2004 presidential election results ==== Waters was one of 31 House Democrats who voted to not count Ohio's electoral votes in the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2005/roll007.xml|title=Final Vote Results for Role Call 7|date=January 6, 2005|access-date=January 15, 2013|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]}}</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] won Ohio by 118,457 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/29/politics/ohio-recount-gives-a-smaller-margin-to-bush.html|title=Ohio Recount Gives a Smaller Margin to Bush|first=Albert|last=Salvato|date=December 29, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ==== Objection to 2016 presidential election results ==== Waters objected to [[Wyoming]]'s electoral votes after the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], a state [[Donald Trump]] won with 68.2% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2016/results/president|title=2016 Presidential Election Results β The New York Times|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 9, 2017 |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed by then-Vice President [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/06/politics/electoral-college-vote-count-objections/index.html|title=11 times VP Biden was interrupted during Trump's electoral vote certification |first=Brenna |last=Williams |date=January 6, 2017|website=[[CNN]] Politics}}</ref> ==== "Reclaiming my time" ==== In July 2017, during a House Financial Services Committee meeting, Waters questioned [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] [[Steven Mnuchin]]. At several points during the questioning, Waters used the phrase "reclaiming my time" when Mnuchin did not directly address the questions Waters had asked him. The video of the interaction between Waters and Mnuchin became popular on social media, and the phrase became attached to her criticisms of Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/31/16070822/reclaiming-my-time-maxine-waters-mnuchin-meme |title=Reclaiming my time: Maxine Waters's beleaguered congressional hearing led to a mighty meme|last=Romano|first=Ajo|date=July 31, 2017|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 25, 2017}}</ref> ==== Louis Farrakhan ==== In early 2018, Waters was among the members of Congress the [[Republican Jewish Coalition]] called on to resign due to their connections with [[Nation of Islam]] leader and known [[Antisemitism|anti-Semite]]<ref name=":02">* {{Cite web|title=Louis Farrakhan|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/louis-farrakhan|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|language=en}} * {{Cite web|title=The Nation of Islam "Louis Farrakhan: America's Leading Anti-Semite"|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/profiles/the-nation-of-islam|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en}} * {{Cite web|last=Kass|first=John|title=Louis Farrakhan's anti-Semitism and the silence of the left|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/john-kass/ct-met-anti-semitism-democrats-farrakhan-20180306-story.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=chicagotribune.com|date=March 6, 2018 }} * {{Cite news|last=Stern|first=Marlow|date=2020-06-17|title=Hollywood Celebs Are Praising an Anti-Semitic Hatemonger|language=en|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/hollywood-celebs-like-chelsea-handler-and-jennifer-aniston-praise-anti-semitic-hatemonger-louis-farrakhan|access-date=2021-04-21}} * {{Cite web|date=2020-06-29|title=Fox Soul Announces It Will Not Broadcast Louis Farrakhan July 4 Address|url=https://jewishjournal.com/news/united-states/318157/fox-soul-july-4-louis-farrakhan-in-deleted-tweet/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Jewish Journal|language=en-US}} * {{Cite web|title=Revisiting Louis Farrakhan's Influence Amid Celebrities' Anti-Semitic Comments|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/07/19/892855781/revisiting-louis-farrakhans-influence-amid-celebrities-anti-semitic-comments|access-date=2021-04-21|website=NPR.org|language=en}} * {{Cite web|last=Burke|first=Daniel|date=2019-05-09|title=A Catholic church hosted Louis Farrakhan for an anti-Facebook speech. At least one Jewish group was not happy about it|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/09/us/farrakhan-speech-chicago-church/index.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=[[CNN]]|language=en}} * {{Cite news|title=Republican Jewish Coalition calls for resignation of 7 Democrats over 'ties' to Farrakhan|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/republican-jewish-coalition-calls-resignation-democrats-ties-farrakhan/story?id=53601481|access-date=2021-04-21|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|language=en}} * {{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Richard|title=Opinion {{!}} Why does the left still associate with Louis Farrakhan?|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-does-the-left-still-associate-with-louis-farrakhan/2019/01/21/de47f966-1db7-11e9-9145-3f74070bbdb9_story.html|access-date=2021-04-21|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> [[Louis Farrakhan]], who had recently drawn criticism for antisemitic remarks.<ref name="ABCfarrakhan">{{Cite news|title=Republican Jewish Coalition calls for resignation of 7 Democrats over 'ties' to Farrakhan|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/republican-jewish-coalition-calls-resignation-democrats-ties-farrakhan/story?id=53601481|access-date=2021-04-21|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="the hill farrakhan">{{cite web|last1=Manchester|first1=Julia|title=Jewish GOP group calls on Dem lawmakers to resign over Farrakhan remarks|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/377053-jewish-gop-group-calls-on-lawmakers-tied-to-farrakhan-to-resign/|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=March 6, 2018 |publisher=Capitol Hill Publishing|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="politico farrakhan">{{cite web|last1=Lima|first1=Cristiano|title=Dems denounce Farrakhan rhetoric amid pressure from GOP|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/08/louis-farrakhan-democrats-448241|website=[[Politico]]|date=March 8, 2018 |publisher=Capitol News Company|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref> The ''[[Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle]]'' noted that Waters had "long embraced Farrakhan" and refused to denounce him, even as other members of the Congressional Black Caucus who secretly met with Farrakhan in 2005 eventually did.<ref name="pjc">{{cite web |last1=Dunst |first1=Charles |title=Should Clinton have shared a stage with Farrakhan at Aretha Franklin's funeral? |url=https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/should-clinton-have-shared-a-stage-with-farrakhan-at-aretha-franklins-funeral/ |website=Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle |access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref> === Confrontationalism === ==== Rodney King verdict and Los Angeles riots ==== {{Main|1992 Los Angeles riots}} When south-central Los Angeles erupted in [[Los Angeles riots of 1992|riots]]{{snd}}in which 63 were killed{{snd}}after the [[Rodney King]] verdict in 1992, Waters gained national attention when she led a chant of "[[No justice, no peace]]" at a rally amidst the riot.<ref>Newman, Maria (May 19, 1992), [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/us/after-riots-washington-work-lawmaker-riot-zone-insists-new-role-for-black.html "After the Riots: Washington at Work; Lawmaker From Riot Zone Insists On a New Role for Black Politicians"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> She also "helped deliver relief supplies in Watts and demanded the resumption of vital services".<ref>Louise Donahue [http://currents.ucsc.edu/06-07/01-15/convocation.asp Rep. Maxine Waters to speak at annual MLK Convocation on February 20] January 15, 2007 Currents (UC Santa Cruz)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maxine Water|url=https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200403/20040301_waters.html|work=[[PBS]]}}{{dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Waters described the riots as a rebellion, saying, "If you call it a riot it sounds like it was just a bunch of crazy people who went out and did bad things for no reason. I maintain it was somewhat understandable, if not acceptable."<ref>{{cite news|last=Pandey|first=Swati|date=April 29, 2007|title=Was it a 'riot,' a 'disturbance' or a 'rebellion'?|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/suncommentary/la-op-wordwatch29apr29,1,3907230.story|access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref> In her view, the violence was "a spontaneous reaction to a lot of injustice." In regard to the looting of Korean-owned stores by local black residents, she said in an interview with [[KABC (AM)|KABC]] radio host [[Michael Jackson (radio commentator)|Michael Jackson]]: <blockquote>There were mothers who took this as an opportunity to take some milk, to take some bread, to take some shoes. Maybe they shouldn't have done it, but the atmosphere was such that they did it. They are not crooks.<ref name="focuses her rage">{{cite web|last=Shuit|first=Douglas P.|date=May 10, 1992|title=Waters Focuses Her Rage at System|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-10-mn-2503-story.html|access-date=June 13, 2018|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Sarah Huckabee Sanders ==== {{Main|Red Hen restaurant controversy}} On June 23, 2018, after an incident in which White House Press Secretary [[Sarah Huckabee Sanders]] was denied service and asked to leave a restaurant, Waters urged attendees at a rally in Los Angeles to harass Trump administration officials, saying:<blockquote>If you see anybody from [Trump's] cabinet in a restaurant, in a department store, at a gasoline station, you get out and you create a crowd, and you push back on them, and you tell them they're not welcome anymore, anywhere.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/politics/maxine-waters-trump-officials/index.html|title=Democratic congresswoman encourages supporters to harass Trump administration officials|last=Ehrlich|first=Jamie|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=June 25, 2018|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title='They're Not Welcome Anymore, Anywhere.' Maxine Waters Tells Supporters to Confront Trump Officials|url=https://time.com/5320865/maxine-waters-confront-trump-staffers-family-separation-policy/|access-date=2021-04-20|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=June 25, 2018|first=Jennifer|last=Calfas}}</ref> </blockquote>Many on the [[Right-wing politics|Right]] saw this statement as an incitement of violence against officials from the Trump administration. In response, House Democratic leader [[Nancy Pelosi]] posted comments on [[Twitter]] reported to be a condemnation of Waters's remarks: "Trump's daily lack of civility has provoked responses that are predictable but unacceptable."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/25/nancy-pelosi-rebukes-maxine-waters-for-comments-on-trump-administratio.html|title=Pelosi rebukes Democratic Rep. Maxine Waters for urging supporters to confront Trump administration officials|last=Pramuk|first=Jacob|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=June 25, 2018|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> ==== Derek Chauvin trial ==== {{Main|Trial of Derek Chauvin|Daunte Wright protests}} [[File:Maxine Waters - Daunte Wright Protest - Brooklyn Center April 18 2021 (51121968837).jpg|thumb|Waters at the [[Daunte Wright protests]] in 2021]] Comments by Waters on April 17, 2021, while attending [[Daunte Wright protests|protests over the killing of Daunte Wright]] in [[Brooklyn Center, Minnesota]], drew controversy.<ref name=":37">{{Cite news|last=Edmondson|first=Catie|date=2021-04-19|title=A defense lawyer and the judge suggest a congresswoman's comments could offer grounds for appeal.|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/19/us/maxine-waters-comments.html|access-date=2021-04-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Responding to questions outside the Brooklyn Center police department<ref>{{Cite news|last=Desmond|first=Declan|date=2021-04-18|title=Maxine Waters speaks in Brooklyn Center, draws ire of right-wing media|work=Bring Me the News|url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-news/maxine-waters-speaks-in-brooklyn-center-draws-ire-of-right-wing-media|access-date=2021-04-18}}</ref>{{snd}}a heavily fortified area that for days had been the site of violent clashes between law enforcement and demonstrators attempting to overrun it<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kieth|first=Theo|date=2021-04-16|title=Walz: Tear gas in Brooklyn Center meant to avoid another police station burning|work=FOX-9|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/walz-tear-gas-in-brooklyn-center-meant-to-avoid-another-police-station-burning|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Liz Navratil, Ryan Faircloth, Liz Navratil and Ryan Faircloth|first=Navratil, Liz; Faircloth, Ryan; Faircloth, Ryan|date=2021-04-17|title=As curfew passes, Brooklyn Center protest remains peaceful|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/as-curfew-passes-brooklyn-center-protest-remains-peaceful/600047296/|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref>{{snd}}Waters commented on the protests and the looming jury verdict in the [[State v. Chauvin|trial of Derek Chauvin]], a former Minneapolis police officer who at the time was charged with murdering [[George Floyd]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=Derek Chauvin's fate in the death of George Floyd is now in the hands of the jury|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-04-19/chauvin-trial-george-floyd-death-closing-arguments|access-date=2021-04-20|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first1=Kurtis|last1=Lee|first2=Molly|last2=Hennessy-Fiske|language=en-US}}</ref> Before closing arguments in the trial, Waters said, "I hope we get a verdict that says guilty, guilty, guilty. And if we don't, we cannot go away", and when asked, "What happens if we do not get what you just told? What should the people do? What should protesters do?", Waters responded: <blockquote>We've got to stay on the street. And we've got to get more active, we've got to get more confrontational, we've got to make sure that they know that we mean business.<ref name=":37" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cillizza|first=Chris|date=2021-04-19|title=Maxine Waters just inflamed a very volatile situation|work=The Po!nt with Chris Cillizza |publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/19/politics/maxine-waters-derek-chauvin-blm/index.html|access-date=2021-04-19}}</ref></blockquote>In response to a question from a reporter about the [[curfew]] in effect in Brooklyn Center, which loomed shortly,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last1=Cashman|first1=Tyler|last2=Korynta|first2=Emma Korynta|date=2021-04-17|title=Demonstrations continue for seventh straight night outside Brooklyn Center police department|work=KARE-11|url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/daunte-wright/day-seven-after-daunte-wrights-death-protest/89-028efeaf-7265-43b4-b399-335a5a29dfc1|access-date=2021-04-17}}</ref> Waters said, "I don't think anything about curfew ... I don't know what 'curfew' means. Curfew means that 'I want to you all to stop talking, I want you to stop meeting, I want you to stop gathering.' I don't agree with that."<ref name="yt-ur-20210419-waters">{{cite interview|last=Waters|first=Maxine|subject-link=Maxine Waters|title=Congresswoman Maxine Waters Urges Daunte Wright Protesters to Continue|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoOrK24OnTQ|publisher=<!-- https://youtu.be/NoOrK24OnTQ?t=378 -->|url-status=live|work=[[Unicorn Riot]]|place=Brooklyn Center, Minnesota|date=2021-04-19|at=6 minutes 18 seconds in|via=YouTube|accessdate=2021-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420094709/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoOrK24OnTQ|archivedate=2021-04-20 <!-- may take some time to show up -->}} Question: "...George Floyd is waking so many people up, yet nothing's happened despite the rhetoric. What needs to happen that's different this year than all the years before?" Waters: "We're looking for a guilty verdict ... and we're looking to see if all the talk that took place and has been taking place after they talk, what happened to George Floyd, if nothing does not happen,{{sic}} then we know that we've got to not only stay in the street, but we've got to fight for justice. But I am very hopeful, and I hope, that we're going to get a verdict that does say guilty, guilty, guilty, and if we don't, we cannot go away." ... Q: "What happens if we do not get what you just told? What should the people do? What should protestors do?" Waters: "I didn't hear you."<!-- Leaving in because it's not clear whether she heard the first sentence. --> Q: "What should protestors do?" Waters: "Well, we gotta stay on the street. And we've got to get more active, we've got to get more confrontational, we've got to make sure that they know that we mean business." Q: "What do you think about this curfew tonight?" Waters: "I don't think anything about curfew; I don't think any about curfew. I don't know what 'curfew' means. Curfew means that 'I want to you all to stop talking, I want you to stop meeting, I want you to stop gathering.' I don't agree with that."</ref><ref name="cnn-waters-trial" /> The protests outside the Brooklyn Center police station remained peaceful through the night. The crowd grew raucous when the curfew went into effect but shrank shortly after as protesters left on their own and no arrests were reported.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":202">{{Cite news|last1=Navratil|first1=Liz|last2=Faircloth|first2=Ryan|last3=Navratil|first3=Liz|last4=Faircloth|first4=Ryan|date=2021-04-17|title=As curfew passes, Brooklyn Center protest remains peaceful|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/as-curfew-passes-brooklyn-center-protest-remains-peaceful/600047296/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418051103/https://www.startribune.com/as-curfew-passes-brooklyn-center-protest-remains-peaceful/600047296/|archive-date=April 18, 2021}}</ref> The judge in Chauvin's trial said on April 19, 2021, that Waters's comments were "abhorrent" and that it was "disrespectful to the rule of law and to the judicial branch" for elected officials to comment in advance of the verdict. The judge refused the defense's request for a [[mistrial]], saying that the jury "have been told not to watch the news. I trust they are following those instructions", but also that "Congresswoman Waters may have given you something on appeal that may result in this whole trial being overturned".<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[CNN]]|first=Caroline|last=Kelly|title=Judge in Derek Chauvin trial says Rep. Maxine Waters' comments may be grounds for appeal|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/19/politics/judge-derek-chauvin-maxine-waters-mistrial-appeal/index.html|date=2021-04-20|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=What would mistrial mean for George Floyd case?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chauvin-floyd-mistrial-maxine-waters-b1834144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chauvin-floyd-mistrial-maxine-waters-b1834144.html |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-20|website=[[The Independent]]|first=Justin|last=Vallejo|language=en}}</ref> After Waters's comments, Republican minority leader [[Kevin McCarthy]] said, "Waters is inciting violence in Minneapolis just as she has incited it in the past. If [[Nancy Pelosi|Speaker Pelosi]] doesn't act against this dangerous rhetoric, I will bring action this week".<ref name="cnn-waters-trial">{{Cite web|last=Duster|first=Chandelis|title=Waters calls for protesters to 'get more confrontational' if no guilty verdict is reached in Derek Chauvin trial|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/19/politics/maxine-waters-derek-chauvin-trial/index.html|date=2021-04-19|access-date=2021-04-19|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=Republicans demand action against Maxine Waters after Minneapolis remarks|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/19/maxine-waters-minneapolis-remarks-kevin-mccarthy-marjorie-taylor-greene|access-date=2021-04-19|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Martin|last=Pengelly|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fordham|first=Evie|date=2021-04-18|title=Republicans slam Maxine Waters for telling protesters to 'get more confrontational' over Chauvin trial|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/maxine-waters-confrontational-protesters-republican-brooklyn-center|access-date=2021-04-19|website=[[Fox News]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Millward|first=David|date=2021-04-18|title=Democratic congresswoman urges protesters to stay on streets if Derek Chauvin is cleared|language=en-GB|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/18/democratic-congresswoman-urges-protesters-stay-streets-derek/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/18/democratic-congresswoman-urges-protesters-stay-streets-derek/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-19|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On April 19, 2021, McCarthy introduced a resolution in the House to censure Waters, calling her comments "dangerous". The following day, the House voted to block McCarthy's resolution, narrowly defeating it along party lines, 216β210.<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Manu Raju |author2= Veronica Stracqualursi|title=Democrats block resolution censuring Maxine Waters for Chauvin trial comments|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/20/politics/kevin-mccarthy-maxine-waters-censure-resolution/index.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=[[CNN]]|date= April 20, 2021}}</ref> Waters later said that her remarks in Brooklyn Center were taken out of context and that she believed in nonviolent actions. In an interview, she said, "I talk about confronting the justice system, confronting the policing that's going on, I'm talking about speaking up. I'm talking about legislation. I'm talking about elected officials doing what needs to be done to control their budgets and to pass legislation."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hupka|first=Sasha|title=Did California Congresswoman Maxine Waters Tamper With The Jury In Derek Chauvin's Trial?|url=https://www.capradio.org/164923|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.capradio.org}}</ref> === Bombing attempt === [[October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts|Packages that contained pipe bombs]] were sent to two of Waters's offices on October 24, 2018. They were intercepted and investigated by the FBI. No one was injured. Similar packages were sent to several other Democratic leaders and to CNN.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Merrit |title=Apparent 'Pipe Bombs' Mailed To Clinton, Obama And CNN |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/24/660161491/u-s-intercepts-suspicious-packages-addressed-to-clinton-and-obama |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=[[NPR]] |date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Potentially destructive devices" sent to Clinton, Obama, CNN prompt massive response |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/suspicious-packages-pipe-bomb-clinton-obama-cnn-nyc-wasserman-schultz-office-live-updates/ |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=24 October 2018}}</ref> In 2019, Cesar Sayoc pleaded guilty to mailing the bombs and was sentenced to 20 years in prison.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/nyregion/cesar-sayoc-sentencing-pipe-bombing.html|title=Cesar Sayoc, Who Mailed Pipe Bombs to Trump Critics, Is Sentenced to 20 Years|last1=Weiser|first1=Benjamin|date=2019-08-05|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2020-01-10|last2=Watkins|first2=Ali|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/08/05/748420957/cesar-sayoc-florida-man-who-mailed-bombs-to-democrats-and-media-gets-20-years|title=Florida Man Who Mailed Bombs To Democrats, Media Gets 20 Years In Prison|website=NPR.org|first=Richard|last=Gonzales|date=August 5, 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> === Committee assignments === For the [[118th United States Congress|118th Congress]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Maxine Waters |url=https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000187 |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> * [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|Committee on Financial Services]] (Ranking Member) ** As Ranking Member of the committee, Rep. Waters is entitled to sit as an ''ex officio'' member in any subcommittee meeting, per the committee rules. === Caucus memberships === * Chief Deputy Whip * Founding member and Chair of the [[Out of Iraq Caucus]] * [[Congressional Progressive Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucus Members|url=https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71§iontree=2,71|publisher=Congressional Progressive Caucus|access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> * [[Congressional Black Caucus]] (CBC); past chair of CBC ([[105th United States Congress]]) * [[Medicare for All Caucus]] * [[Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Membership|author=|url=https://bush.house.gov/era/about/membership|format=|publisher=Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment|date=|accessdate=20 September 2024}}</ref> * [[United StatesβChina Working Group]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Mission|author=|url=https://larsen.house.gov/uscwg/ |format=|publisher=U.S.-China Working Group|date=|accessdate=28 February 2025}}</ref> == Political positions == === Abortion === Waters has a 100% rating from [[NARAL Pro-Choice America]] and an F rating from the [[Susan B. Anthony List]] based on her abortion-related voting record.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Record |url=https://www.prochoiceamerica.org/laws-policy/congressional-record/#2020 |website=NARAL Pro-Choice America}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maxine Waters |url=https://sbaprolife.org/representative/maxine-waters |website=SBA Pro-Life America |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> She opposed the [[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|overturning of ''Roe v. Wade'']].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Waters |first1=Maxine |title=Today, I stand in solidarity with the 36 MILLION women being stripped of their right to decide what is best for themselves. We WILL keep fighting! #BansOffOurBodies |url=https://twitter.com/RepMaxineWaters/status/1540393567885082625 |website=[[Twitter]] |access-date=28 June 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> === Barack Obama === In August 2011, Waters criticized President [[Barack Obama]], saying he was insufficiently supportive of the black community. She referred to African Americans' high unemployment rate (around 15.9% at the time).<ref>Montopoli, Brian (August 11, 2011), [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/maxine-waters-why-isnt-obama-in-black-communitie "Maxine Waters: Why isn't Obama in black communities?"], ''CBS News''.</ref> At a [[Congressional Black Caucus]] town-hall meeting on jobs in Detroit, Waters said that African American members of Congress were reluctant to criticize or place public pressure on Obama because "y'all love the President".<ref>Camia, Catalina (August 18, 2011), [http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/08/barack-obama-maxine-waters-black-caucus-criticism-/1 "Waters: Black lawmakers hesitant to criticize Obama"], ''USA Today''.</ref> In October 2011, Waters had a public dispute with Obama, arguing that he paid more attention to [[swing voters]] in the Iowa caucuses than to equal numbers of (geographically dispersed) black voters. In response, Obama said that it was time to "stop complaining, stop grumbling, stop crying" and get back to working with him.<ref name="politico.com" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |title=Waters to Obama: Iowans or blacks? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/09/waters-to-obama-iowans-or-blacks-062979 |access-date=23 October 2018 |agency=[[Politico]]|date=August 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Joseph |title=Obama reopens rift with black critics |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/09/obama-reopens-rift-with-black-critics-064680 |access-date= October 23, 2018 |agency=[[Politico]]|date=August 29, 2011}}</ref> === Crime === Waters opposes [[mandatory sentencing|mandatory minimum sentences]].<ref>Meeks, Kenneth (June 1, 2005), [https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-133011863 "Back Talk with Maxine Waters"] (interview), ''[[Black Enterprise]]''.</ref> === Donald Trump === Waters has called Trump "a bully, an egotistical maniac, a liar and someone who did not need to be president"<ref name=":0" /> and "the most deplorable person I've ever met in my life".<ref>Max Greenwood, [https://thehill.com/homenews/house/345307-maxine-waters-trump-is-the-most-deplorable-person-ive-ever-met/ Maxine Waters: Trump is the most deplorable person Iβve ever met], ''The Hill'' (August 4, 2017).</ref> In a 2017 appearance on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[All In with Chris Hayes]]'', she said Trump's advisors [[Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|who have ties to Russia]] or have oil and gas interests there are "a bunch of scumbags".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/all-in/watch/rep-maxine-waters-trump-advisors-with-russia-ties-are-scumbags-882069059871 |title=Rep. Maxine Waters: Trump advisors with Russia ties are ...|date=February 21, 2017|website=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Waters began to call for [[First impeachment of Donald Trump|the impeachment of Trump]] shortly after he took office. In February 2017, she said that Trump was "leading himself" to possible impeachment because of his conflicts of interest and that he was creating "chaos and division".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/06/politics/maxine-waters-donald-trump-impeachment/index.html|title=Waters: Trump 'leading himself' to impeachment|last=Diaz|first=Daniella|date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> In September 2017, while giving a eulogy at [[Dick Gregory]]'s funeral, she said that she was "cleaning out the White House" and that "when I get through with Donald Trump, he's going to wish he had been impeached."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2017/09/20/maxine-waters-donald-trump-speech-dick-gregory-funeral|title= Maxine Waters Turns Comedian Dick Gregory's Eulogy into Anti-Trump Speech|date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> In October 2017, she said the U.S. Congress had enough evidence against Trump to "be moving on impeachment", in reference to Russian collusion allegations during the 2016 presidential election, and that Trump "has openly obstructed justice in front of our face".<ref>Lim, Naomi (October 12, 2017), [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/maxine-waters-congress-has-enough-evidence-against-trump-to-be-moving-on-impeachment/article/2637386 "Maxine Waters: Congress has enough evidence against Trump to 'be moving on impeachment'"], ''Washington Examiner''.</ref> Linking Trump to the violence that erupted at a [[white nationalist]] protest rally in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], on August 12, 2017, Waters said that the [[White House]] "is now the [[White Supremacist]]s' House".<ref>Carter, Brandon (August 13, 2017), [https://thehill.com/homenews/house/346405-maxine-waters-to-trump-blame-for-charlottesville-is-on-your-side-not-many/ "Maxine Waters to Trump: Blame for Charlottesville is on your side, not 'many'"], ''The Hill''.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RepMaxineWaters/status/896795737576677376|title=Trump has made it clear β w/ Bannon & Gorka in the WH, & the Klan in the streets, it is now the White Supremacists' House. #Charlottesviille|last=Waters|first=Maxine|date=2017-08-13|website=@RepMaxineWaters|language=en|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref> After Trump's 2018 [[State of the Union]] address, she released a video response addressing what most members of the [[Congressional Black Caucus]] viewed as [[Racial views of Donald Trump|his racist viewpoint and actions]], saying, "He claims that he's bringing people together but make no mistake, he is a dangerous, unprincipled, divisive, and shameful racist."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Koman|first1=Tess|title=Maxine Waters Delivers Scathing SOTU Response: 'Make No Mistake. Trump Is a Dangerous Racist'|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a15954306/maxine-waters-sotu-response/|website=Cosmopolitan|date=February 1, 2018|access-date=February 6, 2018}}</ref> Trump later replied by calling her a "low-IQ individual".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/10/politics/trump-waters-low-iq-individual/index.html|title=Trump again questions Rep. Waters' intelligence, says she's 'very low IQ'|last=Ruiz|first=Joe|work=[[CNN]]|date=March 11, 2018|access-date=2018-03-11}}</ref> On April 24, 2018, while attending the Time 100 Gala, Waters urged Trump to resign from office, "So that I won't have to keep up this fight of your having to be impeached because I don't think you deserve to be there. Just get out."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5253370/maxine-waters-donald-trump-resign-time-100/|title=Congresswoman Maxine Waters' Advice for President Trump: 'Please Resign'|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Mahita|last=Gajanan|date=April 25, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2022}}</ref> On December 18, 2019, Waters voted for both articles of impeachment against Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-impeachment-vote-results-house-2019-12|title=Whip Count: Here's which members of the House voted for and against impeaching Trump|first=Grace|last=Panetta|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> Moments before voting for the [[second impeachment of Donald Trump]], she called him "the worst president in the history of the United States.β³<ref>{{cite news |last1=Folley |first1=Aris |title=Maxine Waters in impeachment speech says Trump 'capable of starting a civil war' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/534120-maxine-waters-in-impeachment-speech-says-trump-capable-of-starting-a-civil-war/ |access-date=January 13, 2021 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=13 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> === Economy === ==== Cryptocurrency ==== On June 18, 2019, Waters asked Facebook to halt its plan for the development and launching of [[Libra (cryptocurrency)|Libra]], a new [[cryptocurrency]], citing a list of recent scandals. She said: "The cryptocurrency market currently lacks a clear regulatory framework to provide strong protections for investors, consumers and the economy. Regulators should see this as a wake-up call to get serious about the privacy and national security concerns, cybersecurity risks, and trading risks that are posed by cryptocurrencies".<ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Queenie |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/us-lawmaker-wants-facebook-to-halt-its-libra-cryptocurrency-project/ |title=US lawmaker wants Facebook to halt its Libra cryptocurrency project |work=[[CNET]] |date=2019-06-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619122342/https://www.cnet.com/news/us-lawmaker-wants-facebook-to-halt-its-libra-cryptocurrency-project/ |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 }}</ref> === Foreign affairs === In August 2008, Waters introduced HR 6796, the Stop Very Unscrupulous Loan Transfers from Underprivileged countries from Rich Exploitive Funds Act (Stop VULTURE Funds Act). It would limit the ability of investors in sovereign debt to use U.S. courts to enforce those instruments against a defaulting country. The bill died in committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h110-6796|title=Stop Very Unscrupulous Loan Transfers from Underprivileged countries to Rich, Exploitive Funds Act (2008 β H.R. 6796)|publisher=GovTrack}}</ref> ==== Cuba ==== Waters has visited Cuba a number of times, praising some of [[Fidel Castro]]'s policy proposals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-25 |title=Fidel Castro praises congressional delegation to Cuba |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fidel-castro-praises-congressional-delegation-to-cuba |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Waters lauds Castro handshake |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/12/raul-castro-president-obama-handshake-maxine-waters-100950 |website=Politico|date=December 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-23 |title=In Castro's Corner |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2008/07/castros-corner-williumrex/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref> She also criticized previous U.S. efforts to overthrow the Castro regime and demanded an end to the U.S. trade embargo.<ref name="Political Guide">{{cite web |url=http://www.thepoliticalguide.com/Profiles/House/California/Maxine_Waters/Views/Cuba/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504182330/http://www.thepoliticalguide.com/Profiles/House/California/Maxine_Waters/Views/Cuba/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 4, 2015|title=Waters|work=The Political Guide}}</ref> In 1998, Waters wrote Castro a letter calling the 1960s and 1970s "a sad and shameful chapter of our history" and thanking him for helping those who needed to "flee political persecution".<ref name="Castro's Corner">{{cite news |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/225118/castros-corner/flashback|title=In Castro's Corner|date=July 24, 2008|newspaper=[[The National Review]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019235405/http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/225118/castros-corner/flashback|archive-date=October 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1998, Waters wrote Castro an open letter asking him not to extradite convicted terrorist [[Assata Shakur]] from Cuba, where she had sought asylum. Waters argued that much of the Black community regarded her conviction as false.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theroot.com/bigger-than-trump-one-on-one-exclusive-with-rep-maxin-1794650910|title=Bigger Than Trump: One-on-One Exclusive With Rep. Maxine Waters|last1=West Savali|first1=Kirsten|date=April 26, 2017|work=The Root}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasweekly.com/news/national/article_3c971cda-b681-11e2-8943-001a4bcf6878.html|title='A Song for Assata' the FBI hunts hip-hop's hero|last=Muhammad|first=Jihad Hassan|date=May 6, 2013|website=The Dallas Weekly|access-date=November 8, 2013|archive-date=June 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609111325/http://www.dallasweekly.com/news/national/article_3c971cda-b681-11e2-8943-001a4bcf6878.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/089.html|title=Congresswoman Waters issues statement on U.S. Freedom Fighter Assata Shakur|author=presumably Maxine Waters|date=September 9, 1998|website=World History Archives|access-date=November 9, 2013}}</ref> She had earlier supported a Republican bill to extradite Shakur, who was referred to by her former name, Joanne Chesimard. In 1999, Waters called on President [[Bill Clinton]] to return six-year-old [[EliΓ‘n GonzΓ‘lez]] to his father in Cuba; the boy had survived a boat journey from Cuba, during which his mother had drowned, and was taken in by U.S. relatives.<ref name="Castro's Corner" /> ==== Haiti ==== Waters opposed the [[2004 Haitian coup d'Γ©tat|2004 coup d'Γ©tat in Haiti]] and criticized U.S. involvement.<ref name="edition.cnn.com">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/americas/03/01/aristide.claim/|title=Aristide says U.S. deposed him in 'coup d'etat'|date=March 2, 2004|access-date=May 6, 2010|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> After the coup, she, [[TransAfrica Forum]] founder [[Randall Robinson]], and Jamaican member of parliament [[Sharon Hay-Webster]] led a delegation to meet with [[President of Haiti|Haitian President]] [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] and bring him to Jamaica, where he remained until May.<ref>{{citation|title=Defying Washington: Haiti's Aristide Returns to the Caribbean|date=March 15, 2004 |url=http://www.pacifica.org/programs/dn/040315.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119131742/http://pacifica.org/programs/dn/040315.html|url-status=dead|periodical=Pacifica Radio|access-date=July 1, 2011|archive-date=January 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="JG20040321">{{citation|title=Newsmaker profile β Sharon Hay Webster|date=March 21, 2004|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040321/news/news3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717121528/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040321/news/news3.html|url-status=dead|periodical=Jamaica Gleaner|access-date=July 1, 2011|archive-date=July 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Aristide leaves Jamaica, heads for South Africa|date=May 30, 2004 |url=http://saskatoon.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20040530/aristide_exile_040530?hub=Saskatoon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929164116/http://saskatoon.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20040530/aristide_exile_040530?hub=Saskatoon|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2011|periodical=CTV News Saskatoon |access-date=July 1, 2011}}</ref> ==== Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ==== On October 1, 2020, Waters co-signed a letter to Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] that condemned [[Azerbaijan]]'s [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|offensive operations]] against the [[Armenians|Armenian]]-populated enclave [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], denounced [[Turkey]]'s role in the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]], and called for an immediate ceasefire.<ref>{{cite news |title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh |url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |work=The Armenian Weekly |date=October 2, 2020}}</ref> === George H. W. Bush === In July 1992, Waters called President [[George H. W. Bush]] "a racist" who "polarized the races in this country". Previously, she had suggested that Bush had used race to advance his policies.<ref>Sam Fulwood II, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-09-mn-2366-story.html Rep. Waters Labels Bush 'a Racist,' Endorses Clinton], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (July 9, 1992).</ref> === Tea Party movement === Waters has been very critical of the [[Tea Party movement]]. On August 20, 2011, at a town hall discussing some of the displeasure that Obama's supporters felt about the Congressional Black Caucus not supporting him, Waters said, "This is a tough game. You can't be intimidated. You can't be frightened. And as far as I'm concerned, the 'tea party' can go straight to Hell ... and I intend to help them get there."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/maxine-waters-to-tea-party-go-to-hell/2011/08/22/gIQAjgEeWJ_story.html|title=Maxine Waters to tea party: Go to Hell|last=Jenkins|first=Sally|date=August 22, 2011|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/61828.html|title=Rep. Maxine Waters: Tea party can go to hell|last=Epstein|first=Jennifer|date=Aug 22, 2011|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> === War === ==== Iraq War ==== Waters voted against the [[Iraq War Resolution]], the 2002 resolution that funded and granted Congressional approval to possible military action against the regime of [[Saddam Hussein]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2002/roll455.xml|title=Final Vote Results for Roll Call 455, H J RES 114 To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq|date=October 10, 2002 |publisher=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|access-date=March 14, 2009}}</ref> She has remained a consistent critic of the subsequent war and has supported immediate troop withdrawal from Iraq. Waters asserted in 2007 that President [[George W. Bush]] was trying to "set [Congress] up" by continually requesting funds for an "occupation" that was "draining" the country of capital, soldier's lives, and other resources. In particular, she argued that the economic resources being "wasted" in Iraq were those that might provide universal health care or fully fund Bush's "[[No Child Left Behind]]" education bill. Additionally, Waters, representing a congressional district whose [[median income]] falls far below the national average, argued that patriotism alone had not been the sole driving force for those U.S. service personnel serving in Iraq. Rather, "many of them needed jobs, they needed resources, they needed money, so they're there".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.house.gov/apps/list/speech/ca35_waters/FS071022_iraqwar.html|title=The Iraq War|date=October 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531123531/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/speech/ca35_waters/FS071022_iraqwar.html|archive-date=May 31, 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=June 14, 2008}}</ref> In a subsequent floor speech, she said that Congress, lacking the votes to override the "inevitable Bush veto on any Iraq-related legislation," needed to "better [challenge] the administration's false rhetoric about the Iraq war" and "educate our constituents [about] the connection between the problems in Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran with the problems we have created in Iraq".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.house.gov/apps/list/speech/ca35_waters/FS071106_iraq.html|title=War in Iraq|date=November 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531123707/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/speech/ca35_waters/FS071106_iraq.html|archive-date=May 31, 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=June 14, 2008}}</ref> A few months before these speeches, Waters cosponsored the House resolution to impeach [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Dick Cheney]] for making allegedly "false statements" about the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/jun/13/20070613-113033-5031r/|title=Cheney ouster gains backers|date=June 13, 2007|work=The Washington Times|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> == Personal life == Waters's second husband, [[Sid Williams]], played professional football in the [[National Football League|NFL]]<ref>{{cite web| last =Murphy| first =Patricia| title =Rep. Maxine Waters: Yank the NFL's Antitrust Exemption| work =Politics Daily|url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/10/28/bruce-editing-rep-maxine-waters-congress-should-yank-nfls-an/| access-date =October 30, 2009| archive-date =October 30, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030012024/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/10/28/bruce-editing-rep-maxine-waters-congress-should-yank-nfls-an/| url-status =dead}}</ref> and is a former [[United States Ambassador to the Bahamas|U.S. ambassador to the Bahamas]] under the Clinton administration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hall|first1=Carla|title=Sidney Williams' Unusual Route to Ambassador Post : Appointments: His nomination has drawn some critics. But his biggest boost may come from his wife, Rep. Maxine Waters.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-02-06-me-19843-story.html|access-date=January 19, 2017|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 6, 1994}}</ref> They live in Los Angeles's [[Windsor Square, Los Angeles|Windsor Square]] neighborhood.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/projects/how-much-are-they-worth/maxine-waters/ How much are they worth? Maxine Waters], ''Los Angeles Times''.</ref> In May 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Waters confirmed her sister, Velma Moody, had died of the virus, aged 86.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maxine Waters says her sister died from coronavirus|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/maxine-waters-says-her-sister-died-from-coronavirus/ar-BB13ZtzI?li=BBnbfcL|access-date=2020-10-28|website=MSN}}</ref> === Other achievements === * Maxine Waters Preparation Center in [[Watts, California]] β named after her while she was a member of the California Assembly * Co-founder of Black Women's Forum * Co-founder of Community Build * Received the Bruce F. Vento Award from the [[National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty]] for her work on behalf of [[Homelessness in the United States|homeless persons]]. * [[Candace Award]], [[National Coalition of 100 Black Women]], 1992<ref name="jet92">{{cite magazine |title=Camille Cosby, Kathleen Battle Win Candace Awards |magazine=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |date=July 20, 1992 |volume= 82 |issue=13 |pages=16β17 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 }}</ref> == Electoral history == === California State Assembly === {{Election box begin no change | title = 1976 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=548679|title=1976 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters | votes = 38,133 | percentage = 80.6 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Johnnie G. Neely | votes = 9,188 | percentage = 19.4 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 47,321 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1978 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=543039|title=1978 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 30,449 | percentage = 80.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Timothy F. Faulkner | votes = 7,247 | percentage = 19.2 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 37,696 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1980 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=541282|title=1980 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 39,660 | percentage = 82.9 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Yva Hallburn | votes = 8,194 | percentage = 17.1 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 47,854 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1982 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=496336|title=1982 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 54,209 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 54,209 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1984 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=445371|title=1984 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 59,507 | percentage = 85.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Donald "Don" Weiss | votes = 9,884 | percentage = 14.2 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 69,391 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1986 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=443178|title=1986 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 42,706 | percentage = 84.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = [[Ezola Foster]] | votes = 6,450 | percentage = 12.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | candidate = JosΓ© "Joe" CastaΓ±eda | votes = 1,360 | percentage = 2.7 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 50,516 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = 1988 [[California State Assembly]] [[California's 48th State Assembly district|48th district]] election<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=441773|title=1988 CA State Assembly 48|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 49,946 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 49,946 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} === U.S. House of Representatives === {{Hatnote|Percentages are rounded to 0.x% and may not total 100 percent because of rounding}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[1990 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1990 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=514494|title=1990 CA District 29 β D Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=33783|title=1990 CA District 29|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters | votes = 36,182 | percentage = 88.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Lionel Allen | votes = 2,666 | percentage = 6.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Twain Wilson | votes = 1,115 | percentage = 2.7 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Ted Andromidas | votes = 930 | percentage = 2.3 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 40,893 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters | votes = 51,350 | percentage = 79.4 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Bill DeWitt | votes = 12,054 | percentage = 18.6 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Peace and Freedom Party | candidate = Waheed R. Boctor | votes = 1,268 | percentage = 2.0 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 64,672 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1992 California U.S. House of Representatives 35th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=572493|title=1992 CA District 35 β D Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27869|title=1992 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 51,534 | percentage = 89.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Roger A. Young | votes = 6,252 | percentage = 10.8 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 57,786 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 102,941 | percentage = 82.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Nate Truman | votes = 17,417 | percentage = 14.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Peace and Freedom Party | candidate = Alice Mae Miles | votes = 2,797 | percentage = 2.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | candidate = Carin Rogers | votes = 1,618 | percentage = 1.3 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 124,773 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box gain with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[1994 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1994 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28738|title=1994 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/1994-general/sov-complete.pdf|title=Statement of Vote November 8, 1994, General Election|website=California Secretary of State|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 65,688 | percentage = 78.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Nate Truman | votes = 18,390 | percentage = 21.9 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego ([[write-in]]) | votes = 3 | percentage = nil }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 84,081 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1996 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29387|title=1996 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 92,762 | percentage = 85.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Eric Carlson | votes = 13,116 | percentage = 12.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 2,610 | percentage = 2.4 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 108,398 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1998 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=30317|title=1998 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 78,732 | percentage = 89.3 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 9,413 | percentage = 10.7 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 88,145 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2000 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=306|title=2000 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 100,569 | percentage = 86.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Carl McGill | votes = 12,582 | percentage = 10.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 1,911 | percentage = 1.6 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Natural Law Party (United States) | candidate = Rick Dunstan | votes = 1,153 | percentage = 1.0 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 116,215 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2002 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1126|title=2002 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 72,401 | percentage = 77.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Ross Moen | votes = 18,094 | percentage = 19.4 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 2,912 | percentage = 3.1 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 93,407 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2004 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=4039|title=2004 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 125,949 | percentage = 80.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Ross Moen | votes = 23,591 | percentage = 15.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 3,440 | percentage = 2.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | candidate = Charles Tate | votes = 3,427 | percentage = 2.2 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 156,407 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2006 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=212926|title=2006 CA District 35 β D Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=201496|title=2006 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 31,010 | percentage = 86.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Carl McGill | votes = 5,000 | percentage = 13.9 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 36,010 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 82,498 | percentage = 83.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Gordan Mego | votes = 8,343 | percentage = 8.5 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | candidate = Paul Ireland | votes = 7,665 | percentage = 7.8 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 98,506 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2008 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=384698|title=2008 CA District 35 β D Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=334933|title=2008 CA District 35|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 36,685 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 36,685 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 150,778 | percentage = 82.6 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Theodore Hayes Jr. | votes = 24,169 | percentage = 13.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | candidate = Herbert G. Peters | votes = 7,632 | percentage = 4.2 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 182,579 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2010 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=651045|title=2010 CA District 35 β D Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=488368|title=2010 CA District 34|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 32,946 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 32,946 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 98,131 | percentage = 79.3 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = K. Bruce Brown | votes = 25,561 | percentage = 20.7 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent | candidate = Suleiman Charles Edmondson ([[write-in]]) | votes = 2 | percentage = nil }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 123,694 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2012 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=740849|title=2012 CA District 43 β Open Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=768465|title=2012 CA District 43|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 36,062 | percentage = 65.4 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Bob Flores | votes = 19,061 | percentage = 34.5 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 55,123 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 143,123 | percentage = 71.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Bob Flores | votes = 57,771 | percentage = 28.8 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 200,894 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2014 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=782727|title=2014 CA District 43 β Open Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=792328|title=2014 CA District 43|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 33,746 | percentage = 67.2 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = John Wood Jr. | votes = 16,440 | percentage = 32.8 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = American Independent Party | candidate = Brandon M. Cook ([[write-in]]) | votes = 12 | percentage = nil }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 50,198 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 69,681 | percentage = 71.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = John Wood Jr. | votes = 28,521 | percentage = 29.0 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 99,202 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2016 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=807436|title=2016 CA District 43 β Open Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=799954|title=2016 CA District 43|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 92,909 | percentage = 76.1 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Omar Navarro | votes = 29,152 | percentage = 23.9 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 122,061 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 167,017 | percentage = 76.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Omar Navarro | votes = 52,499 | percentage = 23.9 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 219,516 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2018 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=830431|title=2018 CA District 43 β Open Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=830483|title=2018 CA District 43|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 63,908 | percentage = 72.4 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Omar Navarro | votes = 12,522 | percentage = 14.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Frank T. DeMartini | votes = 6,156 | percentage = 7.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Edwin P. Duterte | votes = 3,673 | percentage = 4.3 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Green Party of the United States | candidate = Miguel Angel Zuniga | votes = 2,074 | percentage = 2.4 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 88,333 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 152,272 | percentage = 77.7 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Omar Navarro | votes = 43,780 | percentage = 22.3 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 196,052 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2020 California U.S. House of Representatives 29th district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=869620|title=2020 CA District 43 β Open Primary|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=869564|title=2020 CA District 43|website=ourcampaigns.com|accessdate=19 April 2021}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 100,468 | percentage = 78.1 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Joe Edward Collins III | votes = 14,189 | percentage = 11.0 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Omar Navarro | votes = 13,939 | percentage = 10.8 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 128,596 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Maxine Waters ([[incumbent]]) | votes = 199,210 | percentage = 71.7 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Joe Edward Collins III | votes = 78,688 | percentage = 28.3 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 277,898 | percentage = 100 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2022 California U.S. House of Representatives 43rd district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2022-primary/sov/complete.pdf#page=22%22%3E|title=General Election β Statement of Vote, June 7, 2022|website=California Secretary of State|accessdate=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2022-general/sov/complete.pdf#page=10%22%3E|title=General Election β Statement of Vote, November 8, 2022|website=California Secretary of State|accessdate=27 December 2024}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Maxine Waters (incumbent) |votes = 55,889 |percentage = 74.3 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = [[Omar Navarro]] |votes = 8,927 |percentage = 11.9 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Allison Pratt |votes = 5,489 |percentage = 7.3 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Jean Monestime |votes = 4,952 |percentage = 6.6 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 75,257 |percentage = 100.0 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Maxine Waters (incumbent) |votes = 95,462 |percentage = 77.3 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Omar Navarro |votes = 27,985 |percentage = 22.7 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 123,447 |percentage = 100.0 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box open primary begin no change | title = [[2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2024 California U.S. House of Representatives 43rd district election]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2024-primary/sov/complete-sov-updated.pdf#page=14%22%3E|title=General Election β Statement of Vote, March 5, 2024|website=California Secretary of State|accessdate=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2024-general/sov/complete-sov.pdf#page=9%22%3E|title=General Election β Statement of Vote, November 5, 2024|website=California Secretary of State|accessdate=27 December 2024}}</ref> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Maxine Waters (incumbent) |votes = 54,673 |percentage = 69.8 }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Steve Williams |votes = 10,896 |percentage = 13.9 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = David Knight |votes = 5,647 |percentage = 7.2 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Chris Wiggins |votes = 4,999 |percentage = 6.4 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = [[Gregory Cheadle]] |votes = 2,075 |percentage = 2.7 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 78,290 |percentage = 100.0 }} {{Election box open primary general election no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Maxine Waters (incumbent) |votes = 160,080 |percentage = 75.1 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Steve Williams |votes = 53,152 |percentage = 24.9 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 213,232 |percentage = 100.0 }} {{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) }} {{Election box end}} == See also == * [[List of African-American United States representatives]] * [[Women in the United States House of Representatives]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote| Maxine Waters}} * [http://waters.house.gov/ Congresswoman Maxine Waters] official U.S. House website * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170930034616/https://maxinewatersforcongress.com/ Maxine Waters for Congress]}} campaign website * {{C-SPAN|1953}} {{CongLinks | congbio=w000187 | votesmart=26759 | fec=H4CA23011 | congress=maxine-waters/1205 }} * [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002sj48 Image of Richard Hatcher, Coretta Scott King, Maxine Waters at the Black Caucus of the 1984 Democratic National Convention.] [[Los Angeles Times]] Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, [[Charles E. Young Research Library]], [[University of California, Los Angeles]]. ;Articles * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060325001405/http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/93_columns/051693.htm Los Angeles Times Interview: Maxine Waters] by [[Robert Scheer]], ''LA Times'', May 16, 1993 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060529180544/http://www.topblacks.com/government/maxine-waters.htm Top Blacks{{snd}}Maxine Waters: Distinguished Congresswoman] 2001 profile * [http://www.streetgangs.com/politics/alex-alonso-interviews-maxine-waters-january-18-2003 Maxine Waters speaks with Street Gangs Media] by Alex Alonso, ''www.streetgangs.com'', January 18, 2003 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060220200359/http://www.sfbayview.com/101905/haitiregime101905.shtml Haiti regime neither able nor willing to hold fair election] by Rep. Maxine Waters, October 19, 2005 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060624101059/http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/waters.php Beyond DeLay{{snd}}Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA)] criticism from [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]]{{when|date=August 2013}}{{dead link|date=August 2013}} {{s-start}} {{s-par|us-hs}} {{s-bef|before=[[Augustus F. Hawkins|Augustus Hawkins]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States representatives from California|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[California's 29th congressional district]]|years=1991β1993}} {{s-aft|after=[[Henry Waxman]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Jerry Lewis (California politician)|Jerry Lewis]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States representatives from California|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[California's 35th congressional district]]|years=1993β2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Gloria Negrete McLeod]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Donald M. Payne|Donald Payne]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Congressional Black Caucus]]|years=1997β1999}} {{s-aft|after=[[Jim Clyburn]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Joe Baca]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States representatives from California|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[California's 43rd congressional district]]|years=2013βpresent}} {{s-inc}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Jeb Hensarling]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]]|years=2019β2023}} {{s-aft|after=[[Patrick McHenry]]}} |- {{s-prec|usa}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rosa DeLauro]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Seniority in the United States House of Representatives|United States representatives by seniority]]|years=9th}} {{s-aft|after=[[Jerry Nadler]]}} {{s-end}} {{NAACP Image Award β Chairman's Award}} {{CA-FedRep}} {{Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives}} {{USHouseChairs}} {{US House Financial Services chairs}} {{CBC Chairs}} {{USCongRep-start|congresses= 102ndβpresent [[United States Congress]] |state=[[California]]}} {{USCongRep/CA/102}} {{USCongRep/CA/103}} {{USCongRep/CA/104}} {{USCongRep/CA/105}} {{USCongRep/CA/106}} {{USCongRep/CA/107}} {{USCongRep/CA/108}} {{USCongRep/CA/109}} {{USCongRep/CA/110}} {{USCongRep/CA/111}} {{USCongRep/CA/112}} {{USCongRep/CA/113}} {{USCongRep/CA/114}} {{USCongRep/CA/115}} {{USCongRep/CA/116}} {{USCongRep/CA/117}} {{USCongRep/CA/118}} {{USCongRep/CA/119}} {{USCongRep-end}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Waters, Maxine}} [[Category:1938 births]] [[Category:20th-century American women politicians]] [[Category:21st-century American women politicians]] [[Category:California Democrats]] [[Category:California State University, Los Angeles alumni]] [[Category:Female members of the United States House of Representatives]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly]] [[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from St. Louis]] [[Category:Women state legislators in California]] [[Category:American reparationists]] [[Category:20th-century African-American women politicians]] [[Category:20th-century African-American politicians]] [[Category:21st-century African-American women politicians]] [[Category:People from Watts, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Vashon High School alumni]] [[Category:21st-century members of the United States House of Representatives]] [[Category:20th-century members of the California State Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century African-American politicians]]
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