Editing Maykop

{{Short description|Capital city of Adygea, Russia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Maykop
|ru_name=Майкоп
|loc_name1=Мыекъуапэ
|loc_lang1=Adyghe
|loc_name2=Гъакъыва
|loc_lang2=Ubykh
|image_skyline= <!-- images and maps  -----------> {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow            = 1/2/2/2/2
| total_width       = 250
| image1 = CLOUDS VIEW (2011-07-22 18-42-09) - panoramio.jpg
| image2 = Вокзал Майкопа.JPG
| image3 = Mosque Maykop.JPG
| image4 = Солодовенный цех пивоваренного завода "Майкопа"2.jpg
| footer = From the top to bottom, Skyline of Maykop, Maykop Train Station, Maykop Grand Mosque, Maykop Brewery}}
|image_caption=
|coordinates = {{coord|44|36|N|40|05|E|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map = Russia Adygea#European Russia#Caucasus mountains#Black Sea#Russia#Europe
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Maykop.svg
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Maykop.svg
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=First Saturday of June
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Republic of Adygea]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref1"/>
|adm_city_jur=Maykop Republican Urban Okrug
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref1"/>
|adm_ctr_of=Maykop Republican Urban Okrug
|adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref1"/>
|capital_of=Republic of Adygea
|capital_of_ref=
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Maykop Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref1m"/>
|mun_admctr_of=Maykop Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref1m"/>
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Nikolay Pivovarov
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=[[Council of People's Deputies of Maykop|Council of People's Deputies]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=58.62
|area_km2_ref=<ref>[http://www.admins.maykop.ru/www/index.nsf?Open Администрация муниципального образования «Город Майкоп» (официальный сайт).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902123205/http://www.admins.maykop.ru/www/index.nsf?Open |date=September 2, 2013 }} Общие сведения о Майкопе.</ref>
|pop_2010census=144,249
|pop_2010census_rank=120th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=May 1857
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=1870
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=385000
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=8772
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604231940/http://www.admins.maykop.ru/
}}
'''Maykop'''{{efn|{{langx|ru|Майкоп}}, {{IPA|ru|mɐj'kop|IPA}}; {{langx|ady|Мыекъуапэ|Myiequape}}, {{IPA|ady|məjɜqʷaːpɜ|IPA}}}} is the capital city of [[Adygea]], [[Russia]], located on the right bank of the [[Belaya (Kuban)|Belaya River]]. It borders [[Maykopsky District]], from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south; [[Giaginsky District]] to the north, and [[Belorechensky District]] of [[Krasnodar Krai]] to the west.

Population: {{ru-census|p2021=143,385|p2010=144,249|p2002=156,931|p1989=148,608}}{{Historical populations|1897|34300|1926|52525|1939|55871|1959|82135|1970|110212|1979|127828|1989|148608|2002|156931|2010|144249|2021|143385|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

==History==
The city gave its name to the early [[Bronze Age]] [[Maykop culture]] after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Ivanova|first= Mariya|title= The Chronology of the "Maikop Culture" in the North Caucasus: Changing Perspectives|journal= Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies|year= 2007|volume= II|pages= 7–39|url= https://www.academia.edu/2543641}}</ref>

Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825,<ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Potto
 | first1 = Vasiliy Aleksandrovich
 | author-link1 = Vasily Potto
 | title = Кавказская война въ отдѣльныхъ очеркахъ, эпизодахъ, легендахъ и біографіяхъ: Томъ 2-й: Ермоловское время
 | url = https://runivers.ru/lib/book4747/58705/
 | language = ru
 | location = Saint Petersburg
 | publisher = Е. Евдокимов
 | date = 1887
 | edition = 2
 | pages = 527–528
 | access-date = 11 September 2019
 | quote = 23 июня [1825 года] отряд расположился лагерем на реке Сагауше (Белой), против горы Таглек, там, где теперь стоит город Майкоп… 
}}
</ref> the [[Imperial Russian Army]] built a military fort at Maykop in 1857.<ref>{{cite book|author1= James B. Minahan|title= Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z|date= 30 May 2002|publisher= ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313076961|page= 38}}</ref>

In 1910 [[petroleum|oil]] deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop.<ref>
{{cite encyclopedia
  | editor-last = Garvin
  | editor-first = James Louis
  | editor-link = James Louis Garvin
  | encyclopedia = The Encyclopædia Britannica
  | title = Petroleum
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u4YPAQAAIAAJ
  | access-date = 11 September 2019
  | edition = 13
  | year = 1926
  | publisher = The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, ltd.
  | volume = 3
  | quote = The Maikop field in the province of Kuban on the north flank of the Caucasus, northeast of the Black Sea, was discovered in 1910.
}}
</ref> The city was the administrative center of the [[Maykopsky Otdel]] of the [[Kuban Oblast]].

In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with [[Adyghe Autonomous Oblast]] and became the [[administrative centre]] of the autonomy. The [[Wehrmacht]] occupied Maykop on 10 August 1942 without a fight as a result of a [[Brandenburgers|Brandenburger]] [[commando]] operation. German attempts to re-start oil production in the scorched-earth area proved only minimally successful. On 29 January 1943, the [[Transcaucasian Front]] of the [[Red Army]] re-took the town.<ref>[https://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/1-ssr-4.html Освобождение городов]</ref>

Since 1991 Maykop has served as the capital of the Republic of Adygea in the [[Russian Federation]].

==Economy==
[[File:Солодовенный цех пивоваренного завода "Майкопа"1.jpg|thumb|Brewery (cultural heritage)]]
The discovery of extensive underground oil reserves has made Maykop a major centre for oil extraction for the [[Soviet Union]] and, subsequently, [[Russia]]. Other economically important sectors are food processing and the timber industry.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as '''Maykop [[City of federal subject significance|Republican Urban Okrug]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[list of administrative and municipal divisions of the Republic of Adygea|districts]].<ref name="Ref1">Law #171</ref> It has the following rural localities under its jurisdiction:<ref name="Mun">Law #223</ref>
*''[[khutor]]'' of [[Gaverdovsky]]
*''[[stanitsa]]'' of [[Khanskaya]]
*''khutor'' of [[Kosinov (rural locality)|Kosinov]]
*settlement of [[Podgorny, Maykop, Republic of Adygea|Podgorny]]
*settlement of [[Rodnikovy]]
*settlement of [[Severny, Republic of Adygea|Severny]]
*''khutor'' of [[Vesyoly, Maykop, Republic of Adygea|Vesyoly]]
*settlement of [[Zapadny, Republic of Adygea|Zapadny]]

As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Maykop Republican Urban Okrug is incorporated as '''Maykop Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref1m">Law #171 stipulates that the borders of the republican urban okrugs are identical to those of the municipal urban okrugs.</ref>

==Ethnic groups==

[[File:Майкопская мечеть.JPG|thumb|Grand Mosque of Maykop]]

[[File:Свято-Троицкий кафедральный собор (Майкоп).jpg|thumb|Holy Trinity Orthodox cathedral]]

Ethnic groups in Maykop (2010):<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Irina BABICH|title=THE REPUBLIC OF ADIGEY: ISLAM AND SOCIETY AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY|journal=Central Asia and the Caucasus|date=2004|volume=6|issue=30|page=55}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Ethnicity]]
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| [[Russians]]
| 96 119
| 71,29%
|-
| [[Circassians|Adyghe]]
| 26 584
| 18,19%
|-
| [[Armenians]]
| 4 085
| 3,03%
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| 2 537
| 1,88%
|-
| [[Circassians|Cherkess]]
| 1 812
| 1,34%
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| 895
| 0,66%
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
| 530
| 0,39%
|-
| [[Chechens]]
| 448
| 0,33%
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| 339
| 0,25%
|-
| [[Caucasus Greeks]]
| 312
| 0,23%
|-
| [[Kabardians]]
| 246
| 0,18%
|-
| [[Georgians]]
| 241
| 0,18%
|-
| [[Germans]]
| 235
| 0,17%
|-
| [[Romani people|Romani]]
| 201
| 0,15%
|-
| [[Ingush people|Ingush]]
| 155
| 0,11%
|-
| [[Ossetians]]
| 152
| 0,11%
|-
| [[Abkhazians|Abkhaz]]
| 136
| 0,10%
|-
| [[Uzbeks]]
| 102
| 0,08%
|-
| Others
| 1 757
| 1,30%
|}

Ethnic groups in Maykop (2020):<ref name="ВПН2020">[https://23.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020(2).xlsx Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Том 5. Национальный состав и владение языками. Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения]</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Ethnicity]]
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| [[Russians]]
| 84 913
| 59,22%
|-
| [[Circassians|Adyghe]]
| 20 339
| 14,18%
|-
| [[Circassians|Cherkess]]
| 5 750
| 4,01%
|-
| [[Armenians]]
| 3 242
| 2,26%
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| 925
| 0,65%
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| 556
| 0,39%
|-
| [[Turkmens]]
| 461
| 0,32%
|-
| [[Chechens]]
| 363
| 0,25%
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| 302
| 0,21%
|-
| Others
| 26 534
| 18,31%
|}

==Education==

[[File:Средняя школа №5 (женская гимназия) Майкопа 1.jpg|thumb|left|Maykop female grammar school]]

Maykop is home to the [[Adyghe State University]] and [[Maykop State Technological University]]. There are also several facilities of professional education in Maykop.
There are many schools. For example, Adyghe Republican Gymnasium which is located near the mosque, the theatre and the park of friendship. It has 11 grades. There are many rules: students must wear a uniform, girls must have pony tails or braids. The school has five buildings. There is a sports hall where students play basketball and volleyball. There is also a football pitch where boys play football. A canteen is a separate building.

==Geography==
===Climate===

[[File:ЭП10-001, Майкоп (2).jpg|thumb|Maykop Railway station]]

Maykop lies within the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone (''Cfa''), according to the [[Köppen climate classification]], or just within the [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'') zone according to the {{convert|0|C}} isotherm.

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed=yes
|location=Maykop (1991-2020)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
| Jan mean C  =0.5
| Feb mean C  =1.5
| Mar mean C  =6.1
| Apr mean C  =11.7
| May mean C  =16.7
| Jun mean C  =20.7
| Jul mean C  =23.5
| Aug mean C  =23.2
| Sep mean C  =18.2
| Oct mean C  =12.4
| Nov mean C  =6.1
| Dec mean C  =2
| year mean C =
| precipitation colour  =  green
| Jan precipitation mm  =58
| Feb precipitation mm  =47
| Mar precipitation mm  =62
| Apr precipitation mm  =59
| May precipitation mm  =87
| Jun precipitation mm  =98
| Jul precipitation mm  =62
| Aug precipitation mm  =64
| Sep precipitation mm  =77
| Oct precipitation mm  =86
| Nov precipitation mm  =71
| Dec precipitation mm  =64
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =  1 mm
| precip days colour      =  
| Jan precipitation days  =9
| Feb precipitation days  =7
| Mar precipitation days  =9
| Apr precipitation days  =9
| May precipitation days  =10
| Jun precipitation days  =9
| Jul precipitation days  =6
| Aug precipitation days  =6
| Sep precipitation days  =8
| Oct precipitation days  =8
| Nov precipitation days  =8
| Dec precipitation days  =9
| year precipitation days =

| Jan sun  =89
| Feb sun  =114
| Mar sun  =141
| Apr sun  =196
| May sun  =244
| Jun sun  =273
| Jul sun  =312
| Aug sun  =292
| Sep sun  =222
| Oct sun  =167
| Nov sun  =119
| Dec sun  =85
| year sun =
|source=Гидрометцентр России<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://meteoinfo.ru/climatcities |title=Climatic Norms |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Meteoinfo |publisher=Hydrometeorological Center of Russia |language=Russian |script-title=ru: Климатические нормы}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed=yes
|location=Maykop
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan high C=3.9
|Feb high C=5.8
|Mar high C=11.0
|Apr high C=18.2
|May high C=22.6
|Jun high C=26.2
|Jul high C=28.9
|Aug high C=28.5
|Sep high C=24.3
|Oct high C=17.6
|Nov high C=12.3
|Dec high C=6.9
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -0.5
|Feb mean C = 1.3
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 16.8
|Jun mean C = 20.3
|Jul mean C = 22.8
|Aug mean C = 22.3
|Sep mean C = 18.1
|Oct mean C = 12.0
|Nov mean C = 7.6
|Dec mean C = 2.8
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -4.9
|Feb low C = −3.3
|Mar low C = 0.4
|Apr low C = 6.9
|May low C = 11.0
|Jun low C = 14.4
|Jul low C = 16.7
|Aug low C = 16.0
|Sep low C = 11.9
|Oct low C = 6.3
|Nov low C = 2.8
|Dec low C = −1.3
|year low C =
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 60
|Feb precipitation mm = 41
|Mar precipitation mm = 51
|Apr precipitation mm = 58
|May precipitation mm = 73
|Jun precipitation mm = 89
|Jul precipitation mm = 70
|Aug precipitation mm = 58
|Sep precipitation mm = 62
|Oct precipitation mm = 66
|Nov precipitation mm = 75
|Dec precipitation mm = 69
|year precipitation mm = 772
|Jan precipitation days = 8
|Feb precipitation days = 7
|Mar precipitation days = 8
|Apr precipitation days = 8
|May precipitation days = 8
|Jun precipitation days = 9
|Jul precipitation days = 7
|Aug precipitation days = 6
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 7
|Nov precipitation days = 9
|Dec precipitation days = 10
|year precipitation days =
| Jan snow cm  = 27.0
| Feb snow cm  = 11.1
| Mar snow cm  = 10.2
| Apr snow cm  = 0.9
| May snow cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow cm  = 0.6
| Nov snow cm  = 6.7
| Dec snow cm  = 15.8
| year snow cm = 
| Jan humidity    =80
| Feb humidity    =76
| Mar humidity    =71
| Apr humidity    =65
| May humidity    =69
| Jun humidity    =68
| Jul humidity    =66
| Aug humidity    =66
| Sep humidity    =67
| Oct humidity    =73
| Nov humidity    =75
| Dec humidity    =79
| year humidity   =
| Jan uv  =2
| Feb uv  =2
| Mar uv  =3
| Apr uv  =4
| May uv  =5
| Jun uv  =5
| Jul uv  =6
| Aug uv  =6
| Sep uv  =4
| Oct uv  =3
| Nov uv  =2
| Dec uv  =2
| year uv =
|source 1 = worldweather.org<ref name="worldweather.org">{{cite web | url = http://www.worldweather.org/107/c01032.htm | title = worldweather.org | access-date = March 6, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022239/http://www.worldweather.org/107/c01032.htm | archive-date = October 25, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
|source 2 = [https://www.weather2visit.com/ Weather2visit](Humidity)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather2visit.com/europe/russia/maykop.htm |title=Maykop monthly weather averages |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=weather2visit}}</ref> [https://www.worldweatheronline.com/ World Weather Online](Snowfall-UV 2009-2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Maykop Annual Weather Averages Adygeya, RU |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/maykop-weather-averages/adygeya/ru.aspx |website=World Weather Online |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>
|date=February 2012

}}

February 15, 2010 saw Maykop record the absolute maximum for any winter month in Russia: {{convert|23.4|°C|°F|disp=or}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

==Military==
On the south side of the city, alongside the Belaya River is the [[Military base|military complex]] housing the [[131st Motor Rifle Brigade]] of the [[Southern Military District]] of the [[Russian Armed Forces]] which took part in the [[First Chechen War]].

==Notable people==
*[[Nikita Kucherov]], professional ice hockey player
*[[Anton Nemkin]], politician, entrepreneur and racing driver

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ad|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ad|mun|list|maykop}}

{{wikivoyage}}{{Republic of Adygea}}
{{Rural localities in Maykop Federal City}}
{{Russian republics capitals}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maykop| ]]
[[Category:Kuban oblast]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1857]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places in Maykop Federal City]]