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Medjool
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{{short description|Date cultivar}} {{Infobox cultivar |name = Medjool |image = Świeży daktyle odmiany MEDJOOL.jpg |image_size = |image_caption = |image_alt = |genus = ''[[Phoenix (plant)|Phoenix]]'' |species = ''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]'' |hybrid = |subspecies = |variety = |group = |cultivar = |marketing_names = |breeder = |origin = [[Tafilalt]], [[Morocco]] |subdivision = }} The '''Medjool<!--there is an established English usage here, and consensus to follow that, so please do not attempt to change it unilaterally, many thanks--> date''' ({{Langx|ar|تمر المجهول|links=no}} - '''tamar al-majhūl'''. Tamar means 'date' and majhūl means 'unknown', from [[wikt:جهل#Etymology 1|جَهِلَ]] ''jahila'', 'to not know')<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Abdelouahhab |editor1-last=Zaid |title=Date Palm Cultivation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9qkOviOcqAC&q=medjool+etymology+unknown |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |volume=156 |date=2002 |isbn=9789251048634 |access-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425143807/https://books.google.com/books?id=-9qkOviOcqAC&q=medjool+etymology+unknown |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dateland.com/blog/a-brief-history-on-the-origin-of-medjool-dates/ |title=A Brief History on the Origin of Medjool Dates |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324120619/https://www.dateland.com/blog/a-brief-history-on-the-origin-of-medjool-dates/ |url-status=live }}</ref> also known as '''Medjoul''', '''Mejhoul''' or '''Majhool''', is a large, sweet [[Cultivar|cultivated variety]] of [[Date (fruit)|date]] (''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]''). It is an important commercial variety constituting some 25% of worldwide trade in dates. == Landrace == {{see also|List of date cultivars}} The Medjool cultivar originates from the [[Tafilalt]] region of [[Morocco]], where it is still grown.<ref>{{cite book |last=Onstad |first=D. |title=Whole foods companion: a guide for adventurous cooks, curious shoppers, and lovers of natural foods |publisher=Chelsea Green Publishers |series=A Politics of the Living Book Series |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-931498-68-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9EJAQAAMAAJ |access-date=January 26, 2018 |page=46 |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425143806/https://books.google.com/books?id=b9EJAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Outside Morocco, it is grown in the United States,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hodel |first1=D.R. |last2=Johnson |first2=D.V. |title=Imported and American Varieties of Dates (''Phoenix dactylifera'') in the United States |publisher=University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources |series=Publication (University of California (System). Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources)) |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-879906-78-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0XjojWqfqcC&pg=PA10 |access-date=January 26, 2018 |page=10 |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425143806/https://books.google.com/books?id=R0XjojWqfqcC&pg=PA10 |url-status=live }}</ref> Israel,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/905543989 |title=Date palm genetic resources and utilization. Volume 2, Asia and Europe |publisher=Springer Netherlands |editor1-first=Jameel M. |editor1-last=Al-Khayri |editor2-first=S. Mohan |editor2-last=Jain |editor3-first=Dennis Victor |editor3-last=Johnson |year=2015 |isbn=978-94-017-9707-8 |location=Dordrecht |pages=423–440 |oclc=905543989}}</ref> Palestine,<ref>{{cite book |author=Abu-Qaoud H|chapter=Date Palm Status and Perspective in Palestine|title=Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht |veditors=Al-Khayri J, Jain S, Johnson D|access-date=2023-05-30|url= https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-9707-8_13|date=2015}}</ref> Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and [[Jordan]]. The variety is planted both for its fruit and for landscaping.<ref name=NPRmedjool>{{cite web |author=Russo, Susan |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15282847 |title=Medjool: A Date to Remember |date=17 October 2007 |publisher=NPR |accessdate=25 January 2018 |archive-date=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331115916/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15282847 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medjool Date Palm|url=http://www.medjool-date-palms.com/html/medjool-date-palm.html|accessdate=25 January 2018|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118062210/http://www.medjool-date-palms.com/html/medjool-date-palm.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The medjool is a distinct [[landrace]], described as producing "large soft fruit, with orange-yellowish flesh, and a mildly rich and pleasing flavor".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elhoumaizi |first1=Mohammed Aziz |display-authors=etal |title=Confirmation of 'Medjool' Date as a Landrace Variety through Genetic Analysis of 'Medjool' Accessions in Morocco |journal= Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science|date=2006 |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=403–407 |doi=10.21273/JASHS.131.3.403 |s2cid=85976366 |url=http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/131/3/403.full.pdf |access-date=2018-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222204359/http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/131/3/403.full.pdf |archive-date=2018-12-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Being large, soft, and with a "caramel, honey" flavor, the variety has been called "the king of dates".<ref>{{cite web |title=Medjool Dates |url=https://www.themedjooldatecompany.co.uk/product/medjool-dates/ |publisher=The Medjool Date Co. |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> ==Constituents == Medjool dates are high in [[oxalate]]s (18–233 mg/100 g dry weight).<ref name="pmid34105667">{{cite journal |date=2022 |publisher=[[Springer Science and Business Media LLC]] |issue=12 |volume=79 |last1=Al-Zahrani |first1=Khaled S. |last2=Faqeeh |first2=Akram A. |last3=Abdulghani |first3=Zuhair R. |last4=Thomas |first4=Selvin P. |pages=10433–10490 |journal=[[Polymer Bulletin]] |issn=0170-0839 |title=A review on the physicochemical properties and utilization of date seeds in value-added engineering products |doi=10.1007/s00289-021-04048-3 |s2cid=245883533}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alahyane |first1=A. |last2=Harrak |first2=H. |last3=Elateri |first3=I |last4=Ayour |first4=J. |last5=Ait-Oubahou |first5=A. |last6=Benichou |first6=M. |display-authors=etal|title=Evaluation of some nutritional quality criteria of seventeen Moroccan dates varieties and clones, fruits of date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'' L.) |journal=[[Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology]] |year= 2021 |volume= 82 |issue= |pages= e236471 |pmid=34105667 |doi=10.1590/1519-6984.236471 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Out of the over 3000<ref name="EU market 2024"/> known [[Date palm|cultivars]], only two contain the [[disaccharide]] sugar [[sucrose]]: [[Deglet Nour]] and Medjool. All the rest contain the [[monosaccharide]]s [[glucose]] and [[fructose]] in a mix known as [[Inverted sugar syrup|invert sugar]].<ref name="EU market 2024">{{cite web |title=The European market potential for dates |url=https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/processed-fruit-vegetables-edible-nuts/dates-0/market-potential |publisher=European Union |access-date=5 June 2024 |date=30 January 2024}}</ref> Sucrose tastes sweeter than glucose but less sweet than fructose; the mix is less sweet than pure fructose, but still is somewhat sweeter than sucrose.<ref name="Helstad 2019">{{cite book |last=Helstad |first=Scott |title=Corn |chapter=Corn Sweeteners |publisher=Elsevier |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-12-811971-6 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-811971-6.00020-6 |pages=551–591}}</ref> [[File:Medjool dates as luxury item.jpg|thumb|Large Medjool dates are sold as a luxury product.<ref name="EU market 2024"/>]] == Trade == In 2013, Israel held more than 60 percent of the global medjool market share.<ref>{{cite news |title=Medjool Dates From Israel Wastewater Proving Favorite of Foodies |newspaper=Bloomberg |date=20 November 2013 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-20/medjool-dates-from-israel-wastewater-proving-favorite-of-foodies |accessdate=20 February 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230044/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-20/medjool-dates-from-israel-wastewater-proving-favorite-of-foodies |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024, Medjool constituted 25% of the world export market for dates.<ref name="EU market 2024"/> Those supplied to France, the largest European importer of dates, are predominantly from Algeria and Tunisia. Retail brands in both France and Italy often label the cultivar, usually Medjool or [[Deglet Nour]], on the packet.<ref name="EU market 2024"/> Especially large Medjool dates are sold as a luxury product, for example in the Netherlands. == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * {{commons category-inline|Medjool dates}} {{Date cultivars}} [[Category:Date cultivars]]
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