Editing Memnoch the Devil

{{Short description|1995 novel by Anne Rice}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox book| 
| name          = Memnoch the Devil
| image         = MemnochTheDevil.jpg
| caption       = First edition
| author        = [[Anne Rice]]
| cover_artist  = [[Chip Kidd]] (designer)<br />[[:File:Giovanni Cariani - Road to Calvary with Veronica's Veil - WGA04215.jpg|''Road to Calvary with Veronica's Veil'']] (1523-1525) by [[Giovanni Cariani]]
| country       = United States
| language      = [[English language|English]]
| series        = ''[[The Vampire Chronicles]]''
| genre         = [[Gothic fiction]]
| published     = July 3, 1995
| publisher     = [[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]
| media_type    = Print ([[Hardcover]], [[Paperback]]) & audio book
| pages         = 354
| isbn          = 0-679-44101-8
| dewey         = 813/.54 20
| congress      = PS3568.I265 M46 1995
| oclc          = 32683203
| preceded_by   = [[The Tale of the Body Thief]]
| followed_by   = [[The Vampire Armand]]
}}

'''''Memnoch the Devil''''' (1995) is a [[Vampire literature|vampire novel]] by American writer [[Anne Rice]], the fifth in her ''[[The Vampire Chronicles|Vampire Chronicles]]'' series, following ''[[The Tale of the Body Thief]]''. In this story, [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]] is approached by the [[Devil]] and offered a job at his side.

The title and many themes of this novel are borrowed from the 19th-century gothic novel ''[[Melmoth the Wanderer]]'' by Irish author [[Charles Maturin]].

==Plot==
After stalking and killing Roger, a ruthless but passionate [[mobster]], [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]] is approached by Roger's ghost. Roger asks him to take care of his daughter Dora, a devout and popular [[televangelist]], whom he wants to spare from embarrassment. At the same time, Lestat has become increasingly paranoid that he's being stalked by a powerful force. Eventually, Lestat meets [[the Devil]], who calls himself Memnoch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Does The Name Memnoch Mean? {{!}} Meanings & History & Analysis |url=https://definename.com/name/memnoch/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Human Name Database - DefineName.com |language=en-US |quote=''Memnoch'' means 'comforter' or 'consoler' in Hebrew.}}</ref> He takes Lestat on a whirlwind tour of [[Heaven]] and [[Hell]], and retells the entirety of history from his own point of view in an effort to convince Lestat to join him as [[God]]'s adversary. In his journey, Memnoch claims he is not evil, but merely working for God by ushering lost souls into Heaven. Lestat is left in confusion, unable to decide whether or not to cast his lot with the Devil.

After the tour, Lestat believes himself to have had a major [[revelation]]. Among other things, he believes that he has seen [[Christ]]'s [[crucifixion]] and has received [[Veil of Veronica|Saint Veronica's Veil]]. Even though Lestat suspects the entire experience was some kind of deception, he tells his story to [[Armand (The Vampire Chronicles)|Armand]], [[David Talbot (The Vampire Chronicles)|David Talbot]] and Dora, who have joined him in [[New York City]]. When Lestat produces the veil as proof of his experience, Dora and Armand are deeply moved upon seeing it. Dora reveals the veil to the world, triggering a religious movement. Armand goes into the sunlight and immolates himself in order to convince people that a [[miracle]] has occurred.

At the end of the novel, Lestat and David go to [[New Orleans]]. There, [[Maharet and Mekare|Maharet]] returns an eye Lestat lost in Hell, along with a note from Memnoch that reveals he may have been manipulating Lestat to serve his own agenda. Lestat then loses control of himself and Maharet is forced to chain him in the basement of a vampire-controlled [[convent]] so that he will not hurt himself or others.

Although the novel fits into the storyline of ''[[The Vampire Chronicles]]'', the vast majority of it consists of Memnoch's account of [[cosmology]] and [[theology]]. The novel follows up on claims made by David in ''[[The Tale of the Body Thief]]'' that God and the Devil are on better terms than most [[Christians]] believe. It also reinterprets [[Bible|biblical]] stories to create a complete history of Earth, Heaven and Hell that fit neatly with the history of vampires given in ''[[The Queen of the Damned]]''.

==Characters==

*[[Lestat de Lioncourt]] – The main character of the story and the past four books, Lestat was created by a powerful vampire named Magnus, who promptly cremated himself after creating his heir. Lestat is a relatively "good" vampire, only feeding on those he deems evil after reading their minds. In previous books, Lestat made the man named David Talbot a vampire by force, an action that went against vampire law.
*Theodora, nicknamed "Dora" – A devout Christian who has a cable TV show. She is very beautiful and charismatic. She is waiting for a miracle to inspire her.  Dora is the daughter of Roger. She won't take anything from Roger because he is a mobster. Lestat becomes obsessed with her in the process of hunting her father. Despite the warnings of his vampire kin, he reveals himself to her and she takes it as the miracle she's been awaiting. When Lestat brings her Veronica's veil, Dora starts her own religion.
*Roger – Dora's father. A mobster who runs a successful drug ring selling [[cocaine]]. When Dora's mother tried to take full custody of her, Roger killed her. After his death, he haunts Lestat, describing his own life and commanding Lestat to watch over Dora from then on.
*God – Creator and ruler of the universe and all angels. According to Memnoch, He does not know how He came to be and therefore created the universe and life in an attempt to better understand Himself.  In telling his account of creation, Memnoch characterizes God as aloof and uncaring.
*Memnoch the Devil – The fallen angel of legend also known as Satan or Lucifer. He has long defied God in asking why humans should suffer and not immediately be placed in Heaven. Because of these questions and other actions that he makes, he alleges that he is put in charge of preparing the souls for their ascent into Heaven. Memnoch's domain thus serves as a place of punishment that will eventually earn access to Heaven. He may have sinister ulterior motives. In the novel [[Prince Lestat]] and the Realms of Atlantis, it is alluded to that Memnoch may have been an inhuman spirit that dwelled in the place between the physical realm and Heaven.

== Cosmology ==
The universe as revealed to Lestat by the Devil follows the following cosmology:

God is a powerful and immortal being worshipped by [[angels]], His first creation, since before the existence of matter and time. The [[Earth]] was His creation. Because of this, angels spent much time admiring His handiwork and singing His praises. However, God does not appear to be [[omniscient]] or even entirely omnibenevolent. Despite assurances, Memnoch, an archangel, claims to have changed God's opinion on the importance and supernatural quality of humanity.

Through [[evolution]], creatures on the Earth developed into the [[image of God]] and angels and a "flame" of life which allowed pain and death. Eventually, humans developed their own [[souls]], invisible and incorporeal spiritual essences similar to God and the angels. This shocks and horrifies many of the angels. These souls collect in confusion around the world in an airy realm that the angels describe as "[[Sheol]]" or "the Gloom", attempting to come to terms with their existence. Some dissipate into nothing, some do not realize or do not accept they are dead. Some take comfort and strength from their living descendants, becoming patron ancestors. Such interventions cause the tales of spirits, reincarnation and the first vampires.

The addle-brained spirits (mentioned in ''[[The Queen of the Damned]]'' and ''[[The Witching Hour (novel)|The Witching Hour]]'') are of two types. The first are angels who fell in love with certain parts of nature and became spirits of rocks, mountains, and trees; they did not return to Heaven. The "invisible ones" are incorporeal human souls who never interacted with the angels, forgot they were ever human, and became demons—spirits or lesser gods whom the living worship.

Memnoch becomes impatient with God's constant assurances that all is well, despite the pain and suffering of life and death. Memnoch vehemently criticizes God's plan, accusing God of lacking vision and benevolence. Memnoch decides to collect evidence to persuade God that humanity is outside of nature by creating physical form. When, as part of this, he experiences [[sex]], God bans Memnoch from Heaven; Memnoch spends the next three months imparting his vast knowledge of science to humanity, thus inadvertently founding civilization, during which time Memnoch realizes that the characteristic that sets humans apart is their ability to love and feel passionate.

When God invites Memnoch to Heaven to explain his disturbance of the natural order of creation, Memnoch persuades God to allow him to find souls who are suitable for Heaven. After thousands of years wandering Sheol, Memnoch discovers an especially powerful group of souls who have forgiven God for His indifference and absence and appreciate the grandness of all creation. God accepts these souls into Heaven, changing it forever.

God is highly pleased with the new composition of Heaven, but Memnoch continues to accuse God of not showing concern for the other souls of Sheol. Memnoch finally loses trust in God and demands that He should take human form to understand passion and, in fury, God banishes Memnoch from Heaven.

While Memnoch is in exile, God takes on a human form, [[Jesus]]. God believes that by appearing in human form, performing miracles, suffering and dying, He will create a [[religion]] that will allow more humans to attain the love of God by suffering and sacrifice. This is in sharp contrast to Memnoch's approach of attaining purity through love and experience of the wonders of creation.  The two confront each other in the desert. God continuously argues that Man is a creature of Nature and ruled by its laws; only through suffering and death can man evolve and eventually be worthy of Heaven. Memnoch continuously argues that suffering and death has no value, and Man needlessly suffers in Life and in Sheol while already worthy of God's light yet deprived of knowing Him.

Memnoch is awed and shocked by God's sacrifice. Nevertheless, he argues that God did not put Himself through enough. Unlike a regular human, when God died on the cross He knew that He would survive and thus could never have known the true suffering of Man: the fear of death. Man does not know his immortal soul will survive for all eternity, and thus suffers from fear of the unknown. God knew He would survive death and could not truly know what it was to be a human. For God, this complaint is the last straw: He declares Memnoch to be His adversary, and commands him to rule Sheol and Earth in a devilish form, preparing souls for Heaven in his own fashion.

As human history progresses, God's religion only exacerbates the suffering of Man instead of alleviating it. Acts of hate—war, persecution, genocide—are carried out in His name. Working in Sheol, Memnoch creates a form of Hell, a place where people who have been bad in life, will be punished until their souls are able to forgive all (themselves, each other, and God) for the suffering and ignorance they endured in order to understand the joy of creation and the light of God enough to be ready for Heaven. Memnoch doesn't like this work and is constantly asking God to appoint someone else to the job (as David Talbot witnesses in ''[[The Tale of the Body Thief]]'').

==Reception==
Maryanne Booth reviewed ''Memnoch: The Devil'' for ''Arcane'' magazine, rating it a 4 out of 10 overall.<ref name="Arcane2">{{cite journal|last= Booth |first= Maryanne |date=January 1996|title=The Great Library|journal=Arcane|publisher=[[Future plc|Future Publishing]]|issue=2|pages=89–90}}</ref> Booth comments that "If this is the last of the ''Vampire Chronicles'', it's a dismal conclusion to an inspiring series of books that won Anne Rice many admirers."<ref name="Arcane2"/> Michael McLeod writing for ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' described the book as a cross between a [[creature feature]] and ''[[The 700 Club]]'' and said that Rice's "[...] proportions are so epic that her dark hero gets lost among them."<ref name="McLeod">{{cite magazine |last1=McLeod |first1=Michael |title='Memnoch the Devil' takes Lestat to hell |journal=[[Spartanburg Herald-Journal]] |date=August 28, 1995 |volume=150 |issue=240 |page=C4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUkeAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Vampire+Lestat%22&pg=PA11&article_id=6700,2633897 |publisher=[[Gannett]] |location=[[Spartanburg, South Carolina]] |quote=By Michael McLeod Orlando Sentinel}}</ref>

==Reviews==
*Review by Faren Miller (1995) in ''[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]]'', #415 August 1995<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?480|title=Title: Memnoch the Devil}}</ref>
*Review by [[Brian Stableford]] (1995) in ''[[Interzone (magazine)|Interzone]]'', #99 September 1995
*Review by Tanya Brown (1996) in ''[[Vector (magazine)|Vector]]'' 187
*Review by Norman Beswick (1996) in ''[[Vector (magazine)|Vector]]'' 189, p32<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vector - Volume 189 |url=https://fanac.org/fanzines/Vector/Vector189.pdf |website=fanac.org}}</ref>
*Review by Colin Steele (2001) in ''SF Commentary'', #77

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Anne Rice}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Memnoch The Devil}}
[[Category:1995 American novels]]
[[Category:Alfred A. Knopf books]]
[[Category:American gothic novels]]
[[Category:Books with cover art by Chip Kidd]]
[[Category:Novels about God]]
[[Category:Novels by Anne Rice]]
[[Category:Fiction about the Devil]]
[[Category:The Vampire Chronicles novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in New Orleans]]
[[Category:Veil of Veronica]]