Editing Messenger and Advocate

{{Short description|Latter Day Saint newspaper in Kirtland, Ohio}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name                 = Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate
| school               = 
| logo                 = 
| logo_size            = 
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| image                = Messenger and Advocate front page October 1834 Vol 1 No 1.PNG
| image_size           = 250px
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| motto                = 
| type                 = Monthly newspaper
| format               = [[Broadsheet]]
| owner                = <!-- or |owners= -->
| founder              = [[Oliver Cowdery]]
| publisher            = [[Frederick G. Williams]]
| president            = 
| editor               = 
| chiefeditor          = 
| depeditor            = 
| assoceditor          = 
| maneditor            = 
| generalmanager       = 
| staff                = 
| launched             = {{Start date|1834|10|}}
| political            = 
| language             = [[English language|English]]
| ceased publication   = {{End date|1837|09|}}
| relaunched           = 
| headquarters         = 
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| free                 = 
| dirinteractive       = 
| publishing_country   = [[United States]]
| publishing_city      = [[Kirtland, Ohio]]
}}

The '''''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate''''', often shortened to '''''Messenger and Advocate''''', was an early [[Latter Day Saint]] monthly newspaper published in [[Kirtland, Ohio]], from October 1834 to September 1837. It was the successor to ''[[The Evening and the Morning Star]]'' and the predecessor to the ''[[Elders' Journal]]''.

==History==
The ''Messenger and Advocate'' was established after a mob had destroyed the printing press of ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' in [[Independence, Missouri]], on July 20, 1833, causing the ''Star'' to relocate to Kirtland. After a brief run, the ''Star'' was discontinued in favor of a uniquely Ohio newspaper, the ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate''. [[Oliver Cowdery]] served as editor and the first issue was printed in October 1834.<ref>Cowdery, Oliver, "[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7160/show/7001 Address]," ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', October 1834, pp. 1–2.</ref>

The May 1835 issue was the last with Cowdery as editor, because there was "other business and other duties, in which my services are requisite." [[John Whitmer]] replaced Cowdery as editor.<ref>Cowdery, Oliver, "[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7160/show/7092  Address to the Patrons of the Messenger and Advocate]," ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', May 1835, pp. 120–22.</ref> Whitmer may have been heavily assisted in his duties by [[W. W. Phelps (Mormon)|W. W. Phelps]].<ref>Crawley, Peter, (1997) ''A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church, Volume One 1830-1847'', pp. 47.</ref>

In March 1836, Cowdery again became editor when both Whitmer and Phelps returned to Missouri. Cowdery's brother [[Warren A. Cowdery|Warren]] claimed that he was actually performing the editorial duties.<ref>Cowdery, W. A., "[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7468/show/7461 Valedictory]," ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', September 1837, p. 569.</ref> In February 1837, the printing press was sold to [[Joseph Smith]] and [[Sidney Rigdon]], and Warren Cowdery became the editor. The last issue was published in September 1837 after LDS Church leaders became dissatisfied with Warren Cowdery's efforts. In October 1837 the newspaper was succeeded by the ''Elders' Journal''.<ref>Rigdon, Sidney, "[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7468/show/7462  Prospectus]," ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', September 1837, p. 571–74.</ref>

==Rigdonite ''Messenger and Advocate''==
In 1844, Sidney Rigdon asserted a claim to be the successor of Joseph Smith and he organized a group of Latter Day Saints in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].<ref>Savery, Richard, "[http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/RigWrit/M&A/pdfs/MA-1-01.pdf  Minutes of a Conference Held in Pittsburgh, Oct. 12th 1844]," ''[Rigdon's] Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', October 15, 1844, pp. 11–12.</ref> This group began to publish a periodical in 1845 that revived the name, ''Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate''. Ebenezer Robinson (founding publisher of the LDS newspaper ''[[Times and Seasons]]'') became the printer of this [[Rigdonite]] paper. After Rigdon changed the name of the church back to the original "[[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Christ]]," the periodical became the ''Messenger and Advocate of the Church of Christ''.

== Namesake ==
The name "Messenger and Advocate," or variations thereof, has been used many times since the Kirtland and Rigdonite newspapers. In 1977, a short-lived magazine, entitled ''The New Messenger and Advocate'', was published. It was printed by the Guild of Mormon Writers as a means of disseminating their fiction, non-fiction, and poetical writings. The preliminary issue was released in June 1977. Discussions soon began of joining ''The New Messenger and Advocate'' with ''[[Sunstone Magazine]]''. The merger became official with the release of the November/December 1977 issue of ''Sunstone Magazine''.<ref>Fairbanks, Merwin G., ''A Brief History of the Demise of The New Messenger and Advocate'', Associated Collegiate Press Annual Convention, Houston Texas, October 25–28, 1978.</ref>

From 1984 to 1989, [[Art Bulla]] published a newsletter for his newly organized Church of Jesus Christ, a splinter sect of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. The newsletter carried the name of ''Zion's Messenger and Advocate''. It was created as a "vehicle for the free expression of news and views, concerning doctrine and events which surround the coming forth of the Kingdom of Zion at this time."<ref>Bulla, Art, ''Zion's Messenger and Advocate'', vol. 1 no. 1 (July 8, 1984): 1.</ref>

Another sect of the Latter Day Saint movement, the Independent Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also published a periodical using the "Messenger and Advocate" title. The magazine, called the ''Independent Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', was first published in January 1987 with Christopher C. Warren as editor. It was meant to be the voice for the Independent Church, which was "divided into three self-governing and autonomous organisations known, respectively, as the ''Church of the Firstborn'', the ''Church of Christ'', and the ''Restoration Christian Fellowships''.<ref>Warren, Christopher C., ''Independent Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate'', vol. 1 no. 1 (January 1987): 3.</ref>

Currently, there is a popular Mormon-themed [http://messengerandadvocate.wordpress.com/ blog], part of the so-called [[Bloggernacle]] or community of Mormon blogs, that carries the name "Messenger and Advocate".

==See also==
{{Portal|Latter Day Saints}}
*[[List of Latter Day Saint periodicals]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{citation |last= Crawley |first= Peter |orig-year= 1997 |year= 2005 |title= A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church, Volume One 1830-1847 |location= Provo, Utah |publisher= [[Religious Studies Center]], [[Brigham Young University]] |pages= 47–49 |isbn= 1-57008-395-9 |oclc= 40429399 }}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate}}
*[http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/default.htm ''Messenger and Advocate'' online source] (HTML) at CenterPlace.org, courtesy of the Restoration Internet Committee
*[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7160 ''Messenger and Advocate'' vol. 1 online source] (PDF scans) courtesy of the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
*[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7308 ''Messenger and Advocate'' vol. 2 online source] (PDF scans) courtesy of the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
*[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/7468 ''Messenger and Advocate'' vol. 3 online source] (PDF scans) courtesy of the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
*[http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/RigWrit/M&A/MA-1844.htm  Rigdon's ''Messenger and Advocate'' online source] (HTML) at SidneyRigdon.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233752/https://eadview.lds.org/findingaid/M292.2%20L364%201844-1845/ Rigdon's ''Messenger and Advocate'' vol. 1 online source] (JPG scans) courtesy of the LDS Church History Library

{{LDSChurchpubs}}
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[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Ohio]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1834]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1837]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in Ohio]]
[[Category:1834 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) periodicals]]
[[Category:Kirtland, Ohio]]
[[Category:1834 establishments in Ohio]]