Editing Miami

{{Short description|City in Florida, United States}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{About|the city in Florida}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}} 
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Miami
| official_name      = 
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in Florida|City]]
| named_for          = [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]], ultimately derived from [[Mayaimi]]
| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
| perrow            = 1/2/2/2
| total_width       = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1            = Miami (49471683943).jpg
| caption1          = [[Downtown Miami]]
| image2            = Little Havana, Miami, Florida 2021 - Welcome.jpg
| caption2          = [[Little Havana]]
| image3            = Villa Vizcaya 20110228.jpg
| caption3          = [[Vizcaya Museum and Gardens]]
| image4            = Wynwood - 39751972232.jpg
| caption4          = [[Wynwood Art District]]
| image5            = Knightconcerthall.jpg
| caption5          = [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts|Arsht Center]]
| image6            = Fort Dallas William English Plantation Lummus Park Historic District (22765761598).jpg
| caption6          = [[Fort Dallas]]
| image7            = Bayfront Plaza 2020.jpg
| caption7          = [[Bayside Marketplace]]
| image8            = American Airlines Arena, Miami, FL, jjron 29.03.2012.jpg
| caption8          = [[Kaseya Center]]
| image9            = Port of Miami 20071208.jpg
| caption9          = [[PortMiami]]
| border             = infobox
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Miami, Florida.svg
| image_seal         = Seal of Miami, Florida.svg
| image_blank_emblem = City of Miami Primary.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = Alternative seal
| nicknames          = ''The [[Area code 305|305]]'', ''Magic City'', ''Gateway to the Americas'', ''Gateway to [[Latin America]]'', ''Capital of Latin America''<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |date=December 2, 1993 |title=Miami: the Capital of Latin America |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224184503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html |archive-date=December 24, 2007}}</ref> and ''Vice City''
<!-- maps and coordinates -->| nickname           = The 305, Magic City, Gateway to the Americas and Vice City
| image_map          = {{maplink
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  | plain              = yes
  | frame-align        = center
  | frame-width        = 270
  | frame-height       = 270
  | frame-coord        = {{coord|qid=Q8652}}
  | zoom               = 11
  | type               = shape
  | marker             = city
  | stroke-width       = 2
  | stroke-color       = #0096FF
  | fill               = #0096FF
  | id2                = Q8652
  | type2              = shape-inverse
  | stroke-width2      = 2
  | stroke-color2      = #5F5F5F
  | stroke-opacity2    = 0
  | fill2              = #000000
  | fill-opacity2      = 0
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| map_caption        = Interactive map of Miami
| pushpin_map        = Florida#USA
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| pushpin_mapsize    = 250px
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Florida##Location within the United States
| pushpin_label      = Miami
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates        = {{Coord|25.78|N|80.21|W|region:US-FL_type:city(450,000)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2021 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2020 |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=March 25, 2021 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=August 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085937/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 56.07
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Florida}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[File:Flag of Miami-Dade County, Florida.svg|23 px]] [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]]
| established_title  = [[Settler colonialism|Settled]]
| established_date   = After 1858{{Efn|Bahamians were farming along the Miami  River before 1830. Richard Fitzpatrick established a plantation there in 1830, but abandoned it when the [[Second Seminole War]] (1835–1843) began. The U.S. Army established [[Fort Dallas]] there in 1836, but left the fort in 1841. William English reopened Fitzpatrick's plantation after the war and sold city lots, but left the area at the end of the 1840s. The Army returned to the fort in 1849–1851, and again for the Third Seminole War (1855–1858).<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Paul S. |date=1996 |title=Miami: Three Hundred Years of History |url=http://www.historymiami.org/fastspot/research-miami/topics/history-of-miami/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728132624/http://www.historymiami.org/fastspot/research-miami/topics/history-of-miami/index.html |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |access-date=May 28, 2021 |website=HistoryMiami}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shappee |first=Nathan D. |date=1961 |title=Fort Dallas and the Naval Depot on Key Biscayne, 1836–1926 |url=http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1961/61_1_02.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Tequesta |volume=21 |pages=13–40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826152615/http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1961/61_1_02.pdf |archive-date=August 26, 2021 |access-date=May 28, 2021 |via=Florida International University Digital Collections}}</ref>}}
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date1  = July 28, 1896
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Commission]]
| governing_body     = 
| founder            = [[Julia Tuttle]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Miami|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Francis Suarez]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| total_type         = Total
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_12.txt |access-date=October 31, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318014648/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_12.txt |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_land_sq_mi    = 36.00
| utc_offset1        = −05:00
| elevation_footnotes = <!--Miami-Dade County metro-->
| elevation_m        = 1.8
| elevation_ft       = 6
| elevation_max_m    = 12.8
| elevation_max_ft   = 42<!--Miami-Dade County metro-->
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322014552/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_total   = 442241
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| population_est     = 487014
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="2024 Population Estimate">{{Cite web |title=Miami city, Florida |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamicityflorida/PST045224 |access-date=May 18, 2025 |website=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts}}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of United States cities by population|43rd]] in the United States<br>[[List of municipalities in Florida|2nd]] in Florida
| population_urban   = 6,077,522 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|4th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,886.0
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 4,884.8
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{Cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |access-date=August 22, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_metro   = 6091747	(US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|9th]])
| population_density_sq_mi = 12284.47
| population_density_km2 = 4743.55
| population_demonym = Miamian
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP33100|website=Federal Reserve Economic Data|access-date=January 26, 2024|archive-date=January 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112081808/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP33100|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = $533.674 billion (2023)
| timezone1          = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| area_water_sq_mi   = 20.08
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 6137
| utc_offset1_DST    = −04:00
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 33101–33102, 33106, 33109, 33111–33112, 33114, 33116, 33119, 33122, 33124–33138, 33140–33147, 33149–33158, 33160–33170, 33172–33199, 33206, 33222, 33231, 33233–33234, 33238–33239, 33242–33243, 33245, 33247, 33255–33257, 33261, 33265–33266, 33269, 33280, 33283, 33296, 33299
| area_code          = [[Area code 305|305]], [[Area code 786|786]], [[Area code 645|645]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 12-45000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = {{GNIS 4|277593}}, {{GNIS 4|2411786}}
| website            = {{URL|https://www.miami.gov}}
| area_total_km2     = 145.23
| area_land_km2      = 93.23
| area_water_km2     = 52.00
}}

'''Miami'''{{efn|pronounced {{IPAc-en|m|aɪ|ˈ|æ|m|i}} {{respell|my|AM|ee}}, ''obscure or dated'' {{IPAc-en|m|aɪ|ˈ|æ|m|ə}} {{respell|my|AM|ə}}}} is a [[East Coast of the United States|coastal]] city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]] in [[South Florida]]. It is the core of the [[Miami metropolitan area]], which, with a population of 6.14&nbsp;million, is the second-largest metropolitan area in the [[Southeastern United States|Southeast]] after [[Atlanta metropolitan area|Atlanta]], and the [[Metropolitan statistical area#United States|ninth-largest]] in the United States.<ref name="2020Pop" /> With a population of 442,241 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" /> Miami is the [[List of municipalities in Florida|second-most populous city]] in Florida, after [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]. Miami has the [[List of tallest buildings in the United States#Cities with the most skyscrapers|third-largest skyline]] in the U.S. with over [[List of tallest buildings in Miami|300 high-rises]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2018 |title=US Cities With the Most Skyscrapers |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/us-cities-with-the-most-skyscrapers.html |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=June 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619023454/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/us-cities-with-the-most-skyscrapers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 70 of which exceed {{cvt|491|ft|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Skyscraper Center: Buildings in Miami |url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&status=UCT&status=STO&min_year=0&max_year=9999&region=0&country=0&city=1632 |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=skyscrapercenter.com |publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|CTBUH]] |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702122406/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&status=UCT&status=STO&min_year=0&max_year=9999&region=0&country=0&city=1632 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and international trade.<ref name="GAWC">{{Cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2008 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |access-date=March 3, 2009 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]] |archive-date=August 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811203314/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inventory of World Cities |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=December 1, 2007 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network}}</ref> Miami's metropolitan area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida, with a 2017 [[gross domestic product]] of $344.9&nbsp;billion.<ref name="bea.gov1">{{Cite web |title=Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2017 |url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2018-09/gdp_metro0918_0.pdf |access-date=October 23, 2018 |publisher=Bea.gov |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2018-09/gdp_metro0918_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2018 [[UBS]] study of 77 world cities, Miami was the third-richest city in the U.S. and the third-richest globally in [[purchasing power]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Mayors: Richest cities in the world |url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest-cities-world.html |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=www.citymayors.com |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323155132/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest-cities-world.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami is a [[Majority minority in the United States|majority-minority]] city with a [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic and Latino]] population of 310,472, or 70.2 percent of the city's population, as of 2020.<ref name="2020Hispanic">{{Cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=P2%3A%20HISPANIC%20OR%20LATINO,%20AND%20NOT%20HISPANIC%20OR%20LATINO%20BY%20RACE&g=0100000US%24160000_0400000US72%240500000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2&hidePreview=true |access-date=October 10, 2021 |website=2020 Census |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016235910/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=P2:%20HISPANIC%20OR%20LATINO,%20AND%20NOT%20HISPANIC%20OR%20LATINO%20BY%20RACE&g=0100000US$160000_0400000US72$0500000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2&hidePreview=true |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] has among the largest concentrations of international banks in the U.S. and is home to several large national and international companies.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024|reason=This was previously supported by a generally unreliable source}} The [[Health District (Miami)|Health District]] is home to several major [[University of Miami]]-affiliated hospital and health facilities, including [[Jackson Memorial Hospital]], the nation's largest hospital with 1,547 beds,<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=100 of the largest hospitals and health systems in America |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/100-of-the-largest-hospitals-and-health-systems-in-america-2021.html |website=Becker's Hospital Review |access-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602024829/https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/100-of-the-largest-hospitals-and-health-systems-in-america-2021.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Miller School of Medicine]], the University of Miami's academic medical center and teaching hospital, and others engaged in health-related care and research. [[PortMiami]], the city's seaport, is the busiest [[Cruise ship|cruise]] port in the world in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PortMiami 2017 Cruise Guide |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/library/2017-cruise-guide.pdf |access-date=June 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128061624/http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/library/2017-cruise-guide.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Miami metropolitan area is the second-most visited city or metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. after [[New York City]], with over four million visitors in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2023 |title=US Cities and States Visited by Overseas Travelers |url=https://www.trade.gov/data-visualization/us-states-cities-visited-overseas-travelers |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=International Trade Administration |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219213955/https://www.trade.gov/data-visualization/us-states-cities-visited-overseas-travelers |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami has sometimes been called the "Gateway to Latin America" because of the magnitude of its commercial and cultural ties to [[Latin America]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Florida: Gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean |url=https://www.enterpriseflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/brief-florida-gateway-latin-america-caribbean.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707195916/https://www.enterpriseflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/brief-florida-gateway-latin-america-caribbean.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref>

==Toponymy==
Miami was named after the [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]], derived from [[Mayaimi]], the historic name of [[Lake Okeechobee]] and the Native Americans who lived around it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Name Origins of Florida – City Name Origins I-P |url=http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/names/city2.cfm |access-date=December 17, 2013 |website=FLHeritage.com |publisher=Florida Department of State |archive-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129043209/http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/names/city2.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami is sometimes colloquially referred to as ''The [[Area codes 305, 786, and 645|305]]'', ''Magic City'', ''Gateway to the Americas'', ''Gateway to Latin America'', ''Capital of Latin America'',<ref name="Time"/> and ''Vice City''.

==History==
{{Main|History of Miami}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of Miami}}
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami}}
[[File:MiamiAvenue1896.jpg|thumb|In 1896, approximately 400 men gathered in the building pictured on the left and voted to incorporate Miami.]]
[[File:FL Miami 347460 1962 24000.jpg|thumb|A 1962 map of Miami]]
[[File:Mouth of Miami River 20100211.jpg|thumb|The mouth of [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]] at [[Brickell Key]] in February 2010]]
The [[Tequesta]] tribe occupied the Miami area for around 2,000 years before contact with Europeans. A village of hundreds of people, dating to 500–600 BCE, was located at the mouth of the [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]]. It is believed that the entire tribe migrated to [[Cuba]] by the mid-1700s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Matt |date=February 4, 2014 |title=Questions of preservation after ancient village found in downtown Miami |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/04/us/florida-indian-village/index.html?hpt=hp_c3 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=February 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205080447/http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/04/us/florida-indian-village/index.html?hpt=hp_c3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Settlement===
In 1566, admiral [[Pedro Menéndez de Avilés]], Florida's first governor, claimed the area for [[Spanish Empire|Spain]]. A Spanish [[mission (station)|mission]] was constructed one year later. Spain, and briefly [[British Empire|Britain]], ruled Florida until it ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the U.S. built [[Fort Dallas]] on the banks of the Miami River as part of their development of the [[Florida Territory]] and their attempt to suppress and remove the [[Seminole]]s. As a result, the Miami area became a site of fighting in the [[Second Seminole War]].

===Founding===
Miami is noted as the only major city in the United States founded by a woman. [[Julia Tuttle]], a local [[citrus|citrus grower]] and a wealthy [[Cleveland]] native, was the original owner of the land upon which Miami was built.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Copquin |first=Claudia Gryvatz |date=January 23, 2014 |title=What's the One Major American City Founded by a Woman? |url=https://parade.com/256292/claudiagryvatzcopquin/whats-the-one-major-american-city-founded-by-a-woman/ |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=Parade |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015162952/http://parade.condenast.com/256292/claudiagryvatzcopquin/whats-the-one-major-american-city-founded-by-a-woman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the late 19th century, the area was known as "Biscayne Bay Country", and reports described it as a promising wilderness and "one of the finest building sites in Florida".<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 10, 1893 |title=The Day in St. Augustine&nbsp;— The Hack Line to Biscayne Bay |work=[[The Florida Times-Union]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 9, 1893 |title=A Trip to Biscayne Bay |work=The Tropical Sun}}</ref> The [[Great Freeze]] of 1894–1895 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops there were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced [[Business magnate|railroad tycoon]] [[Henry Flagler]] to extend his [[Florida East Coast Railway]] to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami".<ref>{{Citation |last=Muir |first=Helen |title=Miami, USA |page=55 |year=1953 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Weiner |first=Jacqueline |title=Statue of Miami's First Lady, Julia Tuttle, may be birthday present |date=April 1, 2010 |url=http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/100401/story2.shtml |work=Miami Today |access-date=June 25, 2010 |archive-date=April 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406013034/http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/100401/story2.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896, with a population of just over 300.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Linda K. |last2=George, Paul S. |name-list-style=amp |title=South Florida: A Brief History |url=http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429002717/http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm |archive-date=April 29, 2010 |access-date=August 24, 2009 |publisher=Historical Museum of South Florida}}</ref>

===20th century===
{{See also|Cuban migration to Miami}}
During the early 20th century, migrants from the [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]] and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population.<ref name="Concrete">{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=Nathan |title=A World More Concrete: Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2014}}</ref>{{rp|25}}  When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans around Avenue J, what would later become NW Fifth Avenue, a gang of white men with torches marched through the neighborhood and warned the residents to move or be bombed.<ref name="Concrete" />{{rp|33}}

Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and development in infrastructure as northerners moved to the city. The legacy of [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]] was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police at the time, [[H. Leslie Quigg]], did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman".<ref name="Concrete" />{{rp|53}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami Police chief is jailed for murder joins 5 other officers |work=The New York Times |date=March 24, 1928 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/24/archives/miami-police-chief-is-jailed-for-murder-joins-5-other-officers.html |access-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823050952/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/24/archives/miami-police-chief-is-jailed-for-murder-joins-5-other-officers.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The collapse of the [[Florida land boom of the 1920s]], the [[1926 Miami Hurricane]], and the [[Great Depression]] in the 1930s slowed development. When [[World War II]] began, Miami became a base for U.S. defense against [[U-boat|German submarines]] due to its prime location on the southern coast of Florida. This brought an increase in Miami's population; 172,172 people lived in the city by 1940. The city's nickname, ''The Magic City'', came from its rapid growth, which was noticed by winter visitors who remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic.<ref name="MDInfocenter" />

After [[Fidel Castro]] rose to power in [[Cuba]] following the [[Cuban Revolution|Revolution]] in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the city's population. Miami's national profile expanded dramatically in the 1970s, particularly in 1972.<ref name="SFMN 1972">{{cite web |last1=Permuy |first1=Antonio |last2=Cosio |first2=Leo |title=Revisiting 1972: the year that made modern Miami |url=https://sfmn.fiu.edu/dolphins-democratic-convention-1972-nixon-miami/ |website=www.sfmn.fiu.edu |date=December 27, 2022 |publisher=South Florida Media Network |access-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227181828/https://sfmn.fiu.edu/dolphins-democratic-convention-1972-nixon-miami/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The region hosted both the [[1972 Democratic National Convention|Democratic]] and [[1972 Republican National Convention|Republican National Conventions]] in the [[1972 United States presidential election|1972 Presidential election]]. The [[Miami Dolphins]] also made history with their [[1972 Miami Dolphins season|undefeated "perfect" season]]. The area's educational and cultural institutions also developed significantly in this period, positioning the city to service a larger and increasingly international population.<ref name="SFMN 1972" />

Miami developed new businesses and cultural amenities as part of the [[New South]] in the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, South Florida weathered social problems related to [[War on drugs|drug wars]], immigration from [[Haiti]] and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of [[Hurricane Andrew]].<ref>{{cite web |date=October 1, 2017 |title=Zoe Pound (Miami) |url=https://unitedgangs.com/zoe-pound-miami/ |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415163031/https://unitedgangs.com/zoe-pound-miami/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MDInfocenter">{{cite web |title=Miami-Dade County&nbsp;– Information Center |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225012927/http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |access-date=April 18, 2008 |publisher=[[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]]}}</ref> Racial and cultural tensions sometimes sparked, but Miami developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city with a Spanish-speaking majority (after [[El Paso, Texas]]), and the largest city with a [[Cuban-American]] plurality.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Roy |date=March 3, 1976 |title=Wallace Pressing the Abortion Issue |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/03/archives/wallace-pressing-the-abortion-issue.html |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510011958/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/03/archives/wallace-pressing-the-abortion-issue.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">U.S. Census, 2010 (Ethnicity) and Census American Community Survey 2008 (language).</ref>

==Geography==
Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the [[Everglades]] to the west and [[Biscayne Bay]] to the east, which extends from [[Lake Okeechobee]] southward to [[Florida Bay]]. The elevation of the area averages at around {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida metropolitan area as seen from STS-62 |url=http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=STS062-85-026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201191110/http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=STS062-85-026 |archive-date=December 1, 2007 |access-date=August 19, 2007 |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]}}</ref> above sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest points are found along the [[Miami Rock Ridge]], which lies under most of the eastern Miami metro. The main portion of Miami is on the shores of Biscayne Bay, which contains several hundred natural and artificial [[barrier island]]s, the largest of which contains [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]] and [[South Beach]]. The [[Gulf Stream]], a warm [[ocean current]], runs northward just {{convert|15|mi|km}} off the coast, allowing Miami's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

===Geology===
The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called [[Miami oolite]] or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than {{convert|50|ft|m}} thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent [[glacial period]]s, or [[ice age]]s. Beginning some 130,000 years ago, the [[Sangamonian|Sangamonian Stage]] raised sea levels to approximately {{convert|25|ft|m|0}} above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida [[plateau]], stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the [[Dry Tortugas]].<ref name="geology"/>

The area behind this reef line was a large lagoon. Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of [[bryozoans]]. Starting about 100,000 years ago, the [[Wisconsin glaciation]] began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped {{convert|300|to|350|ft|m|-1}} below the current level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4,000 years ago, leaving the [[mainland]] of South Florida just [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name="geology">{{Cite web |title=Miami Geology |url=http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Miami_Geology.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314102309/http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Miami_Geology.html |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=April 3, 2019 |website=miami-americabeach.com}}</ref>

Beneath the plain lies the [[Biscayne Aquifer]], a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern [[Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach County]] to [[Florida Bay]]. It comes closest to the surface around the cities of [[Miami Springs, Florida|Miami Springs]] and [[Hialeah, Florida|Hialeah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Ground Water Atlas of the United States |url=http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ch_g/G-text4.html |access-date=February 19, 2006 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |archive-date=June 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200409/http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ch_g/G-text4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the [[Miami metropolitan area]] obtains its drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than {{convert|15|to|20|ft|m|abbr=on|0}} beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some [[Underground parking in South Florida|underground parking garages]] exist. For this reason, the [[rapid transit|mass transit]] systems in and around Miami are elevated or [[land grading|at-grade]].<ref name="geology" />

Most of the western fringes of Miami border the [[Everglades]], a tropical marshland covering most of the southern portion of Florida. [[American alligator|Alligators]] that live in the marshes have ventured into Miami communities and onto major highways.<ref name="geology" />

===Cityscape===
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Miami|Miami Modern architecture}}
{{Wide image|Downtown Miami Panorama from the Rusty Pelican photo D Ramey Logan.jpg|800px|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] and seen from across [[Biscayne Bay]] from [[Virginia Key]] in November 2014}}
{{Wide image|Downtown Miami, Miami, FL, USA - panoramio (15).jpg|800px|Northern [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] overlooking [[Interstate 95]] in February 2014}}
{{Wide image|DowntownMiamiPanorama.jpg|800px|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] as seen from [[PortMiami]] in January 2009}}

====Neighborhoods====
{{Main|Neighborhoods in Miami}}{{stack|float=right|
[[File:Miamihighpoint.jpg|thumb|A view from one of the higher points in Miami, west of [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]]. The highest natural point in Miami is in [[Coconut Grove]], near [[Biscayne Bay]] along the [[Miami Rock Ridge]] at {{convert|24|ft|m}} [[Meters above sea level|above sea level]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitman |first=Dean |date=September 1997 |title=Notes on the geology and Water Resources of South Florida |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~whitmand/Courses/Fl_geo_notes.html |access-date=January 11, 2011 |website=Notes on Florida Geology |publisher=[[Florida International University]] |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125082338/http://www2.fiu.edu/~whitmand/Courses/Fl_geo_notes.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (Miami, Florida).jpg|thumb|The historic district of [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] is one of the city's oldest with buildings constructed as far back as 1896.]]
[[File:Miami neighborhoodsmap.png|thumb|A map of Miami's neighborhoods]]
}}
Miami is split roughly into north, south, west, and Downtown areas. The heart of the city is [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]], which is on the eastern side and includes the neighborhoods of [[Brickell]], [[Virginia Key]], [[Watson Island]], and [[PortMiami]]. Downtown Miami is Florida's largest and most influential central business district, with many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks, and a large residential population. [[Brickell Avenue]] has the largest concentration of international banks in the United States. Just northwest of Downtown is the [[Health District (Miami)|Health District]], which is Miami's center for hospitals, [[research institute]]s and [[biotechnology]], with hospitals such as [[Jackson Memorial Hospital]], [[Bascom Palmer Eye Institute]], and the [[University of Miami]]'s [[Miller School of Medicine]].<ref name="neighborhoods">{{Cite web |title=Neighborhoods in Miami |url=http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Neighborhoods_in_Miami.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314095512/http://www.miami-americabeach.com/about_us/Neighborhoods_in_Miami.html |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2019 |website=miami-americabeach.com}}</ref>

The southern side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of [[Coral Way]], [[The Roads]], and [[Coconut Grove]]. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 between Downtown and [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove, settled in 1825, and annexed into Miami in 1925, is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads and a heavy tree canopy.<ref name="neighborhoods" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gazaleh |first=Mark |title=Coconut Grove – West Grove tree canopy variations over time |url=https://www.academia.edu/26538827 |date=May 2016 |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410012835/https://www.academia.edu/26538827 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the location of Miami's City Hall at [[Dinner Key]], the former [[Coconut Grove Playhouse]], [[CocoWalk]], and the [[Coconut Grove Convention Center]]. It is home to many [[nightclub]]s, bars, restaurants, and [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] shops, which makes it very popular with local [[college student]]s. Coconut Grove is known for its many parks and gardens, such as [[Vizcaya Museum and Gardens|Vizcaya Museum]], [[The Kampong]], [[The Barnacle Historic State Park]], and numerous other historic homes and estates.<ref name="neighborhoods" />

The western side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of [[Little Havana]], [[West Flagler]], and [[Flagami]]. Although at one time a mostly Jewish neighborhood, today western Miami is home to immigrants from mostly Central America and [[Cuba]]. The west central neighborhood of [[Allapattah]] is a multicultural community of many ethnicities.<ref name="neighborhoods" />

The northern side of Miami includes [[Midtown Miami|Midtown]], a district with a great mix of diversity ranging from Caribbeans to Central Americans, South Americans and Europeans. The [[Edgewater (Miami)|Edgewater]] neighborhood of Midtown is mostly composed of high-rise residential towers and is home to the [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts]]. [[Wynwood Art District|Wynwood]] is an art district with ten galleries in former warehouses, as well as a large outdoor mural project. The wealthier residents of Miami usually live in the [[Miami Design District|Design District]] and the [[Upper Eastside]], which has many 1920s homes as well as examples of [[Miami Modern architecture]] in the MiMo Historic District.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=MIMO Biscayne Boulevard Historic District |url=http://mimoboulevard.org/what-is-mimo/about-the-historic-district/ |access-date=July 23, 2021 |website=MIMO Biscayne Association |archive-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723234834/http://mimoboulevard.org/what-is-mimo/about-the-historic-district/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The northern side of Miami also has notable African-American and [[Caribbean]] immigrant communities, including [[Little Haiti]], [[Overtown (Miami)|Overtown]] (home of the [[Lyric Theater (Miami)|Lyric Theater]]), and [[Liberty City (Miami)|Liberty City]].<ref name="neighborhoods" />

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Miami}}
[[File:Miamisummershower.png|thumb|A summer afternoon thunderstorm rolling into Miami from the [[Everglades]], July 2006]]
Miami has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Am'')<ref name="Miami, Florida">{{Cite web |title=Weather: Miami, Florida |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=20227&cityname=Miami%2C+Florida%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |access-date=March 30, 2015 |website=Weatherbase |archive-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627112410/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=20227&cityname=Miami%2C+Florida%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |access-date=December 20, 2010 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305153610/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> with hot and wet summers and warm and dry winters.

Miami's sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the [[Tropic of Cancer]], and proximity to the [[Gulf Stream]] shape its climate. Average winter high temperatures, from December to March, range from {{convert|76.4|-|80.3|F|C|abbr=}}. January is the coolest month with an average daily temperature of {{convert|68.2|F}}. Low temperatures fall below {{convert|50|F}} about 3 to 4 nights during the winter season,{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} after the passage of [[cold front]]s that produce what little rainfall that falls in the winter.

There are two basic seasons in Miami, a hot and wet season from May to October, and a warm and dry season from November to April. During the hot and wet season, daily thundershowers occur in the humid unstable air masses. The wet season in Miami is defined as the period during which the average daily [[dew point]] temperature is above {{Convert|70|F}}. The rainy season typically begins on the first day that occurs, or within a few days later.<ref name="weather.gov">{{Cite web |title=Duration of Summer Season in South Florida |url=https://www.weather.gov/mfl/summer_season |access-date=May 22, 2021 |website=NOAA National Weather Service |archive-date=May 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522184501/https://www.weather.gov/mfl/summer_season |url-status=live }}</ref>

Daily rainfall in Miami decreases sharply when the average daily dew point falls to {{Convert|70|F}} or below. In some years, a stalled front to the south of the Florida peninsula may cause rains to continue for a few more days. From 1956 to 1997, the date summer began ranged from April 16 to June 3, with a median date of May 21. In those same years, the date summer ended ranged from September 24 to November 1, with a median date of October 17.<ref name="weather.gov"/>

During summer, temperatures range from the mid-80s to low 90s °F (29–35&nbsp;°C) and are accompanied by high humidity. The heat is often relieved in the afternoon by thunderstorms or a [[sea breeze]] that develops off the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the year's {{convert|61.9|in|mm|0}} of rainfall occurs during this period. [[Dew point]]s in the warm months range from {{convert|71.9|F}} in June to {{convert|73.7|F}} in August.<ref name=NOAA/>

Historical temperature extremes range from {{convert|27|°F|1}} on February 3, 1917, to {{convert|100|°F|0}} on July 21, 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climatological Records for Miami, FL 1895 – 2019 |url=https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/climate/Daily_Records_Miami.pdf |access-date=November 23, 2019 |publisher=National Weather Service |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011223658/https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/climate/Daily_Records_Miami.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- note: PDF link found on https://www.weather.gov/mfl/climate --> While Miami has never [[snow in Florida|recorded snowfall]] at any official weather station since records have been kept, [[Snow flurry|snow flurries]] fell in some parts of Miami on January 19, 1977.<ref>"{{Cite web |date=January 20, 1977 |title=Maine shivers at −29: Snow falls in Florida |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/541189651/ |website=The Baltimore Sun |page=A1 |quote=Temperatures dipped into the 30s in southern Florida, with snow flurries reported even in Miami Beach. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=October 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030163832/https://www.proquest.com/docview/541189651/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lardner Jr. |first1=George |last2=Meyers |first2=Robert |date=January 20, 1977 |title=Miami Is Hit by First Recorded Snow: the State of Emergency Is Eyed for Virginia Thousands Idled as Cold Closes Factories, Businesses |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/146900778/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=A1 |quote=The meandering jet stream in the upper atmosphere sent flurries of genuine snow onto Miami's palm trees. ... It was the farthest south that snow has been reported in the United States since the record books were started in the 19th century. ... The snow flurries in Miami will be only an asterisk in the record books since they didn't fall on any of the National Weather Service's recording stations in the area, but they were genuine. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408215403/https://www.proquest.com/docview/146900778 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khiss |first=Peter |date=January 20, 1977 |title=New York High is 26 as the South Shivers: Florida Snow Causes Emergency Gas Shortage Widespread |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/123531417/ |website=The New York Times |page=1 |quote=Florida officially recorded snow for the first time yesterday in Palm Beach County, 65 miles north of Miami, and even that city had flurries, although not at the official stations at its airport or nearby Coral Gables. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406230540/https://www.proquest.com/docview/123531417/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The coldest daytime maximum temperature on record is {{convert|45|F|C}} in December 1989 during the [[December 1989 United States cold wave]]. The coldest maximum temperature average between 1991 and 2020 stood at {{convert|59|F|C}}.<ref name=NOAA/>{{Failed verification|date=May 2025}}{{specify|date=May 2025}} The warmest overnight low measured is {{convert|84|F|C}} on several occasions.<ref name=NOAA/> The stability of summer overnight lows is underlined by the mean maximum annual overnight low of just one degree lower.<ref name=NOAA/>{{Failed verification|date=May 2025}}{{specify|date=May 2025}}

[[Tropical cyclone|Hurricane season]] officially runs from June 1 to November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the [[Cape Verde hurricane|Cape Verde]] season, which is mid-August to the end of September.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vulnerable cities: Miami, Florida |url=http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/miami.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427194724/http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/miami.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 27, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2006 |publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref> Although tornadoes are uncommon in the area, one struck in [[1925 Miami tornado|1925]] and another in [[1997 Miami tornado|1997]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/04/06/archives/three-killed-23-hurt-in-florida-tornado-400-are-left-homeless-in.html|title=Three Killed, 23 Hurt in Florida Tornado; 400 are Left Homeless in Wake of Disaster|date=April 6, 1925|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120222844/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/04/06/archives/three-killed-23-hurt-in-florida-tornado-400-are-left-homeless-in.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/its-a-twister-a-brief-history-of-tornadoes-in-south-florida-15382210|title=It's a Twister! Tornadoes in South Florida Are More Common Than You Might Think|last=Ceballos|first=Joshua|date=September 30, 2022|website=[[Miami New Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120223506/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/its-a-twister-a-brief-history-of-tornadoes-in-south-florida-15382210|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 40% of homes in Miami are built upon [[floodplain]]s and are considered as flood-risk zones.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Irma spared America, but still had a big effect on it |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21728964-one-12-americans-now-lives-home-some-risk-flooding-irma-spared-america |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926073212/https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21728964-one-12-americans-now-lives-home-some-risk-flooding-irma-spared-america |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami falls within the [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture's]] 10b/11a plant [[hardiness zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |website=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref>

Miami is one of the major coastal cities and major cities in the United States that will be most affected by [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusick |first=Daniel |title=Miami Is the "Most Vulnerable" Coastal City Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=Scientific American |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122232238/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida Climate Outlook: Assessing Physical and Economic Impacts through 2040 |url=https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/florida-climate-outlook/ |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=Resources for the Future |language=en-US |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200836/https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/florida-climate-outlook/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Globally, it is one of the most at-risk cities, according to a 2020 report by [[Resources for the Future]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusick |first=Daniel |title=Miami Is the "Most Vulnerable" Coastal City Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=Scientific American |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410012835/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Florida Climate Outlook: Assessing Physical and Economic Impacts through 2040 |url=https://media.rff.org/documents/Florida_Climate_Outlook.pdf |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=Resources for the Future |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329035334/https://media.rff.org/documents/Florida_Climate_Outlook.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Global [[sea level rise]], which in Miami is projected to be {{convert|21|in|cm}} to {{convert|40|in|cm}} by 2070, will lead to an increase in storm damage, more intense flooding, and will threaten Miami's water supply.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida |url=https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf |access-date=February 11, 2022 |website=www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113075608/https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami-Dade County – Environment – Impact on South Florida |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/climate-change-impact.asp |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=www.miamidade.gov |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404165749/http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/climate-change-impact.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Luscombe |first=Richard |date=April 21, 2020 |title=Will Florida be lost forever to the climate crisis? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/21/florida-climate-crisis-sea-level-habitat-loss |access-date=November 14, 2020 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106045605/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/21/florida-climate-crisis-sea-level-habitat-loss |url-status=live }}</ref> Other potential impacts of climate change include higher hurricane wind speeds and severe thunderstorms, which can bring about hail or tornadoes.<ref name=":1" /> Some protective efforts are in place, including nourishing beaches and adding protective barriers, raising buildings and roads that are vulnerable, and restoring natural habitats such as [[wetland]]s.<ref name=":1" /> Miami Beach has invested $500&nbsp;million to protect roads, buildings, and water systems.<ref name=":1" /> Real estate prices in Miami already reflect the increase in prices for real estate at a higher elevation within the city compared to real estate at a lower elevation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olick |first=Diana |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Rising Risks: 'Climate gentrification' is changing Miami real estate values – for better and worse |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/climate-gentrification-is-changing-miami-real-estate-values.html |access-date=November 14, 2020 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=February 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222185617/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/climate-gentrification-is-changing-miami-real-estate-values.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Miami weatherbox}}

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Miami}}
{{Further|Cuban migration to Miami}}
{{US Census population
|1900=1681
|1910=5471
|1920=29571
|1930=110637
|1940=172172
|1950=249276
|1960=291688
|1970=334859
|1980=346865
|1990=358648
|2000=362470
|2010=399457
|2020=442241
|estimate=487014
|estyear=2024
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="Census">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/ |website=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=June 16, 2017 |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204847/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br>
1900–1970<ref name="HistoricalCensus1890to1970">{{cite web |title=Census Counts: 1890-2020 |url=http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/local-government/data/data-a-to-z/FLmunicipalcensus.xls |website=Florida Municipal Population Census Counts: 1890 to 2020 |publisher=Office of Economic and Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature |access-date=April 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404171529/http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/local-government/data/data-a-to-z/FLmunicipalcensus.xls |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |date=2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> 1980<ref name="1980Census1">{{cite web |title=General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-02.pdf |website=07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326101558/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 1990<ref name="1990Census1">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-11-1.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326024908/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-11-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br>2000<ref name="2000CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PL002&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002 |website=PL002 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322014533/https://data.census.gov/table?q=PL002&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2010<ref name="2010CensusPopulationByRace">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322014530/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2020<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" /> 2024<ref name="2024 Population Estimate" />
}}
Miami is the largest city in [[South Florida]], the second-largest city in [[Florida]], and is the anchor of the largest metropolitan area in Florida: the [[Miami metropolitan area]], which has over 6 million residents. Despite Miami being home to less than a fourteenth (1/14) of the population of the metro area, it is an outlier compared to its neighbors, being nearly twice the size of the next-largest city in the metro: [[Hialeah]]. Miami has approximately a sixth of the population of its own county, [[Miami-Dade County|Miami-Dade]], which is the state's largest.

Miami had rapid growth in the first half of the twentieth century. Its population grew from 1,681 in the [[1900 United States census|1900 census]] to 249,276 in the [[1950 United States census|1950 census]]. This made it Florida's largest city, a title it retained until the [[Jacksonville Consolidation]], when the city of Jacksonville absorbed most of [[Duval County, Florida|Duval County]], nearly tripling its population. Since then, Miami has retained its spot as Florida's second-largest city.

Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, Miami experienced a certain amount of stagnation in its population, with expansion slowing during the 1950s and 1960s before nearly halting in the next three decades as suburbanization occurred. Miami grew by 34.3% in the 1950s and 1960s as its population reached 334,859 at the [[1970 United States census|1970 census]]. In the next three decades, it only grew 8.2%. By the time of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], Miami's population stood at 362,470.

In the 2000s and 2010s, spurred by high-rise construction in Downtown Miami, Edgewater, and Brickell, Miami's population began to grow quickly once more.<ref name="DowntownGrowth1">{{cite web |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Rene |title=More people than ever live in downtown Miami &#124; AP News |url=https://apnews.com/article/6d7c12fb3ff54bbd898baf096bf92819 |website=More people than ever live in downtown Miami |publisher=AP News |access-date=March 22, 2023 |date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191015/https://apnews.com/article/6d7c12fb3ff54bbd898baf096bf92819 |url-status=live }}</ref> An estimate by the American Community Survey found that the downtown population, from Brickell north to Midtown Miami, grew nearly 40% between 2010 and 2018.<ref name="DowntownGrowth2">{{cite web |title=Miami FL growth creates social & economic inequality &#124; Miami Herald |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/real-estate-news/article229029784.html |website=Priced out of paradise: Why locals can no longer afford to live in Miami |publisher=Miami Herald |access-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718114955/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/real-estate-news/article229029784.html |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2000 to 2010, Miami's population grew by 10.2% and reached 399,457 in 2010. In the early 2010s, Miami's population crossed a milestone of 400,000 people. In the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], it had grown by a further 10.7%, up to a population of 442,241.

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!Historical racial composition
!style="width: 5em;"|2020<ref name="2020CensusPopulationByRace" />
!style="width: 5em;"|2010<ref name="2010CensusPopulationByRace" />
!style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusPopulationByRace" />
!style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census1" />
!style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census1" />
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (Non-Hispanic)
|14.0%
|11.9%
|11.8%
|12.2%
|19.4%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|70.2%
|70.0%
|65.8%
|62.5%
|55.9%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[African American|Black or African American]] (Non-Hispanic)
|11.9%
|16.3%
|19.9%
|24.6%
|23.7%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian American|Asian]] (Non-Hispanic)
|1.3%
|0.9%
|0.6%
|0.5%
|rowspan="3"|1.0%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (Non-Hispanic)
|0.1%
|0.1%
|0.1%
|0.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (Non-Hispanic)
|0.6%
|0.2%
|0.1%
|0.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] (Non-Hispanic)
|2.0%
|0.7%
|1.7%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Population
!style="text-align:right"|442,241
!style="text-align:right"|399,457
!style="text-align:right"|362,470
!style="text-align:right"|358,548
!style="text-align:right"|346,865
|}
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!Racial composition<br>before 1980<ref>{{cite web |title=Table 10. Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places; Earliest Census to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/FLtab.pdf |website=Table 10. Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places; Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170235/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/FLtab.pdf |archive-date=August 28, 2018 |date=July 13, 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
!style="width: 4em;"|1970
!style="width: 4em;"|1960
!style="width: 4em;"|1950
!style="width: 4em;"|1940
!style="width: 4em;"|1930
!style="width: 4em;"|1920
!style="width: 4em;"|1910
|-
|align="left" |[[White Americans|White]] (including [[White Hispanic|Hispanic]]) 
|76.6% ||77.4% ||83.7% ||78.5% ||77.3% ||68.5%||58.7%
|-
|align="left" |[[African Americans|Black or African American]] (including [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic]])
|22.7% ||22.4% ||16.2% ||21.4% ||22.7% ||31.3%||41.3%
|-
| align="left" |[[Asian Americans|Asian]]  (including [[Asian Hispanic|Hispanic]])
|0.3%||0.1% ||0.1% ||0.1% ||< 0.1% ||0.1% ||0.1%
|-
|align="left" |[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (including [[Hispanic or Latino Americans|Hispanic]])
|0.4%||0.1% ||0.1% ||< 0.1% ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A
|-
|align="left" |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] 
|45.3% ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A
|-
|align="left" |[[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic White]] 
|32.9%||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A ||N/A
|-
!align="left" |Population
!334,859 !!291,688 !!249,276 !!172,172 !!110,637 !!29,571 !!5,471
|}
In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |access-date=April 21, 2012 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, up until the 1960s. From 1970 to 2000, population growth in Miami was stagnant, as [[non-Hispanic White]] Miamians left and significant immigration from Latin America, particularly [[Cuba]], made up the balance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Booth |first=William |date=November 11, 1998 |title=A White Migration North From Miami |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt1109.htm |access-date=August 3, 2021 |series=The Myth of the Melting Pot |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204224702/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt1109.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami Herald |url=https://account.miamiherald.com/paywall/registration?resume=118269088 |website=account.miamiherald.com |access-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204015414/https://account.miamiherald.com/paywall/registration?resume=118269088 |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami's Hispanic majority solidified itself in this period of time, and in 1985, Miami elected its first Cuban-born mayor, [[Xavier Suarez]].

The non-Hispanic Black population of the city of Miami peaked in 1990 at almost 90,000, making up nearly a quarter of the population of Miami. Since then, Miami's non-Hispanic Black population has experienced a precipitous and steady decline. In the 2020 census, it was 52,447, only 11.7% of the population. Reasons for this include high costs in areas such as [[Liberty City, Miami|Liberty City]] and [[Little Haiti]], compounded with [[gentrification]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dieujuste |first1=Kevin |title=Little Haiti and Liberty City residents raise concerns about gentrification |url=https://sfmn.fiu.edu/little-haiti-and-liberty-city-residents-raise-concerns-about-gentrification/ |website=Caplin News |publisher=FIU |access-date=March 22, 2023 |date=June 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191019/https://sfmn.fiu.edu/little-haiti-and-liberty-city-residents-raise-concerns-about-gentrification/ |archive-date= March 22, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What's really driving 'climate gentrification' in Miami? It isn't fear of sea-level rise |url=https://theconversation.com/whats-really-driving-climate-gentrification-in-miami-it-isnt-fear-of-sea-level-rise-191737 |first1=Richard |last1=Grant |first2=Han |last2=Li |publisher=The Conversation |access-date=March 22, 2023 |date=December 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191015/https://theconversation.com/whats-really-driving-climate-gentrification-in-miami-it-isnt-fear-of-sea-level-rise-191737 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The non-Hispanic White population began to rebound in the twenty-first century, as the monolithically Hispanic areas in the Western and Central parts of Miami experienced population stagnation. This caused them to begin to be outweighed by migration into the Downtown region, from Latin America and the rest of the United States. This caused the non-Hispanic White population to rise from a nadir of 11.8% at the time of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]] to 11.9% at the time of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]]. After this, the non-Hispanic White population grew significantly faster than Miami as a whole did during the 2010s. In the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], non-Hispanic Whites were 14.0% of the population of Miami and numbered 61,829, the highest number since the 1980s. The non-Hispanic White population of Miami surpassed the non-Hispanic Black population of Miami in the 2010s.
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!style="width: 20em;"|Demographic characteristics
!style="width: 7em;"|2020<ref name="2020CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H1 &#124; occupancy status |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.H1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191033/https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.H1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2020CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P12 &#124; sex by age for selected age categories |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P12 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527172834/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2020CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P13 &#124; median age by sex |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P13 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527172832/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P13 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 7em;"|2010<ref name="2010CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H1 &#124; occupancy status |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.H1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191028/https://data.census.gov/table?q=H1&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.H1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2010CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P12 &#124; sex by age |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P12 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191038/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P12&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2010CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P13 &#124; median age by sex |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P13 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191036/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P13&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P13 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 7em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusHouseholds">{{cite web |title=H003 &#124; occupancy status [3] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=H003&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.H003 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191024/https://data.census.gov/table?q=H003&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.H003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2000CensusSexByAge">{{cite web |title=P012 &#124; sex by age [49] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P012&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P012 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191015/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P012&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2000CensusMedianAge">{{cite web |title=P013 &#124; median age by sex [3] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P013&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P013 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191020/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P013&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 7em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census1" />
!style="width: 7em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census1" />
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Households
|212,146
|183,994
|148,388
|130,252
|134,046
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Persons per household
|2.08
|2.17
|2.44
|2.69
|2.59
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Sex Ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males per 100 females}}
|97.8
|99.2
|98.9
|93.5
|88.0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Ages 0–17
|16.5%
|18.4%
|21.7%
|23.0%
|21.4%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Ages 18–64
|69.0%
|65.6%
|61.3%
|60.4%
|61.6%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Ages 65 +
|14.5%
|16.0%
|17.0%
|16.6%
|17.0%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Median age
|39.7
|38.8
|37.7
|35.9
|38.2
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Population
!style="text-align:right"|442,241
!style="text-align:right"|399,457
!style="text-align:right"|362,470
!style="text-align:right"|358,548
!style="text-align:right"|346,865
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right"
!colspan="4"|Economic indicators
|-
!style="width: 14em;"|2017–21 [[American Community Survey]]
!style="width: 7em;"|Miami
!style="width: 7em;"|Miami-Dade County
!style="width: 7em;"|Florida
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Median income|Median income in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars}}<ref name="ACSPersonalIncome">{{cite web |title=S2001: earnings in the past 12 months (in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars) |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S2001&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S2001 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191040/https://data.census.gov/table?q=S2001&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S2001 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|$31,472
|$32,513
|$34,367
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Median household income|Median household income in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars}}<ref name="ACSHouseholdIncome">{{cite web |title=S1901: income in the past 12 months (in 2021 inflation-adjusted dollars) |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1901&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1901 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191022/https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1901&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1901 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|$47,860
|$57,815
|$61,777
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Poverty Rate<ref name="ACSPoverty">{{cite web |title=S1701: poverty status in the past 12 months |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1701&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1701 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191032/https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1701&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1701 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|20.9%
|15.7%
|13.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|High school diploma|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with a high school diploma or higher}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment">{{cite web |title=S1501: educational attainment |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1501&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1501 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191018/https://data.census.gov/table?q=S1501&g=040XX00US12_050XX00US12086_160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSST5Y2021.S1501 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|79.2%
|82.5%
|89.0%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Bachelor's degree|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with a bachelor's degree or higher}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment" />
|33.1%
|31.7%
|31.5%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{abbr|Advanced degree|Percentage of the population aged 25+ with an advanced degree}}<ref name="ACSEducationalAttainment" />
|13.2%
|11.9%
|11.7%
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!style="width: 20em;"|Language spoken at home{{efn|name=languages|Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned}}
!style="width: 5em;"|2015{{efn|name=ACS2015Language|Refers to 2013–2017 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2015Language">{{cite web |title=C16001: language spoken at home for the population 5 years and over |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=C16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.C16001&moe=true |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191035/https://data.census.gov/table?q=C16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.C16001&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref> the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}}
!style="width: 5em;"|2010{{efn|name=ACS2010Language|Refers to 2008–2012 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2010Language">{{cite web |title=B16001: Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B16001&moe=true |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191023/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B16001&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref> the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}}
!style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusLanguage">{{cite web |title=PCT010: AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT010&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT010 |website=PCT010 &#124; AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER [83] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191037/https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT010&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT010 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census2">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 3 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-1.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321171115/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census2">{{cite web |title=General Social and Economic Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-09.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191015/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-09.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[English language|English]]
|23.0%
|22.6%
|24.7%
|26.7%
|36.0%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Spanish language|Spanish]] or [[Spanish Creole]]
|70.0%
|69.9%
|66.6%
|64.0%
|57.5%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[French language|French]] or [[Haitian Creole]]
|4.5%
|4.9%
|6.0%
|7.7%
|2.6%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Other Languages
|2.5%
|2.6%
|2.7%
|1.6%
|3.9%
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!style="width: 20em;"|Nativity
!style="width: 5em;"|2015{{efn|name=ACS2015Nativity|Refers to 2013–2017 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2015ForeignBorn1">{{cite web |title=B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05001&moe=true |website=B05001 &#124; NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191031/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05001&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ACS2015ForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05006&moe=true |website=B05006 &#124; PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191030/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2017.B05006&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}}
!style="width: 5em;"|2010{{efn|name=ACS2010Nativity|Refers to 2008–2012 [[American Community Survey]] data;<ref name="ACS2010Nativity">{{cite web |title=B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05001&moe=true |website=B05001 &#124; NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191026/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05001&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05001&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ACS2010ForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=B05006: Place of birth for the foreign-born population in the United States |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05006&moe=true |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191017/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B05006&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=ACSDT5Y2012.B05006&moe=true |url-status=live }}</ref> the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]}}
!style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="2000CensusNativity">{{cite web |title=P021: place of birth by citizenship status [15] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P021&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.P021 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191019/https://data.census.gov/table?q=P021&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.P021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2000CensusForeignBorn">{{cite web |title=PCT019: place of birth for the foreign-born population [126] |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT019&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT019 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322191027/https://data.census.gov/table?q=PCT019&g=160XX00US1245000&tid=DECENNIALSF32000.PCT019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="1990Census3">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 2 of 3 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-2.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 2 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321184940/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-2/cp-2-11-2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1990Census2" />
!style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="1980Census2" />
|-
|style="text-align:left"|'''% population [[Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)|native-born]]'''
|'''42.0%'''
|'''41.9%'''
|'''40.5%'''
|'''40.3%'''
|'''46.3%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in the [[United States]]
|39.3%
|39.3%
|37.9%
|37.3%
|43.4%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Puerto Rico]] or [[Territories of the United States|Island Areas]]
|1.8%
|1.7%
|1.9%
|2.2%
|rowspan="2"|2.9%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born to [[Jus sanguinis|American parents abroad]]
|0.9%
|0.9%
|0.6%
|0.7%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|'''% population [[Immigration to the United States|foreign-born]]{{efn|name=foreignborn|Only countries of birth which at least 1% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 are mentioned}}'''
|'''58.0%'''
|'''58.1%'''
|'''59.5%'''
|'''59.7%'''
|'''53.7%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Cuba]]
|27.6%
|27.5%
|30.3%
|32.1%
|35.9%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Nicaragua]]
|5.4%
|5.7%
|7.2%
|7.3%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately|Not counted separately; aggregated into "Other" category}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Honduras]]
|5.0%
|5.4%
|4.5%
|1.9%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Haiti]]
|2.8%
|3.2%
|3.9%
|5.0%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Colombia]]
|2.8%
|2.4%
|1.9%
|1.2%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Venezuela]]
|1.8%
|1.4%
|0.6%
|0.4%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in the [[Dominican Republic]]
|1.7%
|1.9%
|2.0%
|1.2%
|0.6%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Peru]]
|1.1%
|1.0%
|0.9%
|0.6%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Argentina]]
|1.0%
|1.1%
|0.6%
|0.2%
|N/A{{efn|name=NotCountedSeparately}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in [[Mexico]]
|0.9%
|1.1%
|0.6%
|0.4%
|0.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|... born in other countries
|7.9%
|7.4%
|7.0%
|9.4%
|17.1%
|}
In 2010, 34.4% of city residents were of [[Cuban people|Cuban]] origin, 15.8% had a [[Central American]] background (7.2% [[Nicaraguan people|Nicaraguan]], 5.8% [[Honduran people|Honduran]], 1.2% [[Salvadoran people|Salvadoran]], and 1.0% [[Guatemalan people|Guatemalan]]), 8.7% were of [[South America]]n descent (3.2% Colombian, 1.4% [[Venezuelan people|Venezuelan]], 1.2% [[Peruvian people|Peruvian]], 1.2% [[Argentine people|Argentine]], 1.0% [[Chilean people|Chilean]] and 0.7% [[Ecuadorian people|Ecuadorian]]), 4.0% had [[Hispanic people|other Hispanic or Latino]] origins (0.5% [[Spaniard]]), 3.2% descended from [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Ricans]], 2.4% were [[Dominicans|Dominican]], and 1.5% had Mexican ancestry.

In 2010, 5.6% of city residents were [[West Indian]] or [[Afro-Caribbean American]] origin (4.4% [[Haitian people|Haitian]], 0.4% [[Jamaican people|Jamaican]], 0.4% [[Bahamian people|Bahamian]], 0.1% [[British West Indian]], and 0.1% [[Trinidadian and Tobagonian]], 0.1% [[Afro-Caribbean|Other or Unspecified West Indian]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida FIRST ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total population – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/ |access-date=October 29, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204847/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 3.0% were [[Black Hispanic]]s,<ref name="HiLaMi">{{Cite web |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010 – 2010 Census Summary File 1 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214535/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10 |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=August 18, 2014 |website=American FactFinder |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref> and 0.4% were [[Sub-Saharan African|Subsaharan African]] origin.<ref name="MIAMIdemo">{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 – 2010 Demographic Profile Data |url=https://www.census.gov/ |access-date=October 25, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204847/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MIApop">{{Cite web |title=Miami, Florida: SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/ |access-date=October 25, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204847/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry were 11.9% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 1.7% were German, 1.6% Italian, 1.4% Irish, 1.0% English, 0.8% French, 0.6% Russian, and 0.5% were Polish.<ref name=MIAMIdemo/><ref name=MIApop/>

In 2010, those of Asian ancestry were 1.0% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 0.3% were [[Indian Americans|Indian]]/[[Indo-Caribbean American|Indo-Caribbean]] (1,206 people), 0.3% Chinese/[[Chinese Caribbeans|Chinese Caribbean]] (1,804 people), 0.2% [[Filipino people|Filipino]] (647 people), 0.1% were other Asian (433 people), 0.1% Japanese (245 people), 0.1% Korean (213 people), and 0.0% were [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] (125 people).<ref name=MIAMIdemo/>

In 2010, 1.9% of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity),<ref name=MIAMIdemo/><ref name=MIApop/> while 0.5% were of Arab ancestry, in 2010.<ref name=MIAMIdemo/>

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in the Miami Metro Area (2014)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web |title=Adults in the Miami metro area |url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/miami-metro-area/ |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622010156/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/miami-metro-area/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| label1 = [[Protestantism]]
| value1 = 39
| color1 = DodgerBlue
| label2 = [[Catholicism]]
| value2 = 27
| color2 = #d4213d
| label3 = [[Mormonism]]
| value3 = 0.5
| color3 = DarkTurquoise
| label4 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
| value4 = 0.5
| color4 = Purple
| label5 = [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
| value5 = 1
| color5 = Aquamarine
| label6 = Other Christian	
| value6 = 1
| color6 = Pink
| label7 = [[Irreligious|No religion]]
| value7 = 21
| color7 = Honeydew
| label8 = Judaism
| value8 = 9
| color8 = Blue
| label9 = Other religion
| value9 = 1
| color9 = Chartreuse
}}

[[File:Cathedral of Saint Mary - Miami 08.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Cathedral of Saint Mary (Miami)|Cathedral of Saint Mary]], the seat of the [[archbishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami]].]]

In a 2014 [[Pew Research Center]] study, Christianity was the most-practiced religion in Miami (68%), with 39% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered [[Protestant]], and 27% professing [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=July 29, 2015 |access-date=August 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152313/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2015 |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054944/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Followed by Judaism (9%); [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], and a variety of other religions have smaller followings; [[atheism]] or no self-identifying organized religious affiliation was practiced by 21%.

There has been a [[Norwegian Church Abroad|Norwegian Seamen's church]] in Miami since the early 1980s. In November 2011, [[Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway|Crown Princess of Norway Mette-Marit]] opened a new building for the church. The church was built as a center for the 10,000 Scandinavians that live in Florida. Around 4,000 of them are [[Norwegians|Norwegian]]. The church is also an important place for the 150 Norwegians that work at [[Walt Disney World]] in Central Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crown Princess Opens Seamen's Church in Miami |url=http://www.norwaypost.no/index.php/news/latest-news/26012-crown-princess-opens-seamens-church-in-miami-26012 |access-date=August 3, 2013 |website=Norwaypost.nodate=November 21, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304212408/http://www.norwaypost.no/index.php/news/latest-news/26012-crown-princess-opens-seamens-church-in-miami-26012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In a 2022 [[Point-In-Time Count|Point-In-Time]] Homeless Count, there were 3,440 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Miami-Dade County,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homeless Trust Census Results & Comparison: January 21, 2021 to January 27, 2022 |url=https://www.miamidade.gov/resources-homeless/library/january-pit-census-2022.pdf |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311023022/https://www.miamidade.gov/resources-homeless/library/january-pit-census-2022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 970 of which were on the streets. In the city limits of Miami, there were 591 unsheltered homeless people on the streets, up from 555 in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami Rescue Mission: Many Families A Paycheck Away From Being Homeless |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/homelessness-miami-rescue-mission/ |access-date=March 11, 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=April 22, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311023017/https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/homelessness-miami-rescue-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[National Immigration Forum]], the top countries of origin for Miami's immigrants are Latin America (86%): Cuba (741,666), Haiti (213,000), Colombia (166,338), Jamaica (144,445); Europe (6.1%): United Kingdom (23,334), Germany (15,611), Italy (14,240) and Asia (5.2%): India (23,602), China (21,580) and the Philippines (15,078).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Immigration-2020-Miami.pdf|title=MIAMI: AN IMMIGRATION SNAPSHOT1|publisher=[[National Immigration Forum]]|access-date=February 2, 2024|archive-date=February 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202044938/https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Immigration-2020-Miami.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Brickell1.JPG|thumb|[[Brickell Avenue]] in Downtown Miami has the largest concentration of international banks in the nation.]]
[[File:Miamimanhattanizationdowntown.jpg|thumb|The [[List of tallest buildings in Miami|high-rise construction]] in Miami is considered by some to be "[[Manhattanization|Miami's Manhattanization]]".]]
[[File:Brickell Avenue 20100203.jpg|thumb|[[Brickell Avenue]] in Downtown Miami's [[Brickell|Brickell Financial District]] in February 2010]]
[[File:GM&B K.jpg|thumb|Miami's old logo]]
[[File:Logo of Miami, Florida.svg|thumb|Miami's new logo]]
Miami is a major center of commerce and finance and has a strong [[international business]] community. According to the 2020 ranking of world cities undertaken by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] (GaWC) based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations, Miami is considered a Beta + level [[Global city|world city]], along with [[Atlanta]], [[Dallas]], and [[Houston]]. However, according to the U.S. census between  2015–2019, Miami lacks in terms of owner-occupied housing, computer and internet usage, education of bachelor's degree or higher, median household income, per capita income, while having a higher percentage of persons in poverty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2018 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |access-date=June 18, 2019 |website=www.lboro.ac.uk |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census 2015–2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncitytexas,atlantacitygeorgia,dallascitytexas,miamicityflorida/PST045219 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513190928/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncitytexas,atlantacitygeorgia,dallascitytexas,miamicityflorida/PST045219 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, Miami had a Gross Metropolitan Product of $257&nbsp;billion, ranking 11th in the United States and 20th worldwide in GMP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025? |url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID%3D1562 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000745/http://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |archive-date=May 31, 2013 |access-date=November 20, 2009 |website=PricewaterhouseCoopers UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gross Metropolitan Product |url=http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product |access-date=September 29, 2011 |publisher=Greyhill Advisors |archive-date=November 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106073959/http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Several large companies are headquartered in Miami, including but not limited to [[Akerman LLP]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akerman LLP Miami Office |url=https://www.akerman.com/en/firm/offices/miami.html |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=akerman.com |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118200104/https://www.akerman.com/en/firm/offices/miami.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Alienware]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alienware Official Site – Alienware Laptops & Desktops |url=https://www.dell.com/en-us/gaming/alienware?gacd=9614064-1014-5761040-266794588-0&dgc=st&gclsrc=aw.ds&ds_rl=1286018&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuOrju6qj-QIVTLLICh0EOQP1EAAYASAAEgJFEfD_BwE |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=[[Dell]] |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731142856/https://www.dell.com/en-us/gaming/alienware?gacd=9614064-1014-5761040-266794588-0&dgc=st&gclsrc=aw.ds&ds_rl=1286018&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIuOrju6qj-QIVTLLICh0EOQP1EAAYASAAEgJFEfD_BwE |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Arquitectonica]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arquitectonica Studios – Miami Headquarters |url=https://arquitectonica.com/architecture/project/arquitectonica-studios-miami-headquarters/ |access-date=July 31, 2022 |website=[[Arquitectonica]] |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406230541/https://arquitectonica.com/architecture/project/arquitectonica-studios-miami-headquarters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Brightstar Corporation]], [[Celebrity Cruises]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover Celebrity |url=https://www.celebritycruises.com/about-us/our-distinction |access-date=July 31, 2022 |publisher=[[Celebrity Cruises]] |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723220227/https://www.celebritycruises.com/about-us/our-distinction |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Carnival Corporation & plc|Carnival Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Information |url=https://www.carnivalcorp.com/corporate-information |access-date=July 31, 2022 |publisher=[[Carnival Corporation & plc|Carnival Corporation]] |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731144717/https://www.carnivalcorp.com/corporate-information |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Duany Plater-Zyberk]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact DPZ |url=https://www.dpz.com/contact/ |access-date=July 31, 2022 |publisher=[[Duany Plater-Zyberk]] |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731145101/https://www.dpz.com/contact/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Greenberg Traurig]], Inktel Direct, [[Lennar Corporation]], [[Norwegian Cruise Line]], [[Oceania Cruises]], [[OPKO Health]], [[Parkjockey]], [[RCTV International]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact us |url=http://www.rctvinternational.com/contacto/ |access-date=July 31, 2022 |publisher=[[RCTV International]] |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425030702/https://www.rctvinternational.com/contacto/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Royal Caribbean International]], [[Sitel]], [[Southern Wine & Spirits]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Glazer's Wine & Spirits homepage |url=https://www.southernglazers.com/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=southernglazers.com |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624223747/https://www.southernglazers.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Telemundo]], [[Vector Group]], [[Watsco]] and [[World Fuel Services]]. Over 1,400 multinational firms are located in Miami, with many major global organizations headquartering their Latin American operations (or regional offices) in the city including [[Walmart]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2010 |title=Walmart Latinoamérica Opens New Regional Office in South Florida, Introduces New Regional President and CEO Eduardo Solórzano |url=http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/9663.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304195241/http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/9663.aspx |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |access-date=September 5, 2015 |publisher=Walmartstores.com}}</ref> Companies based in nearby cities or unincorporated areas of [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]] include, [[Benihana]], [[Burger King]], [[Carnival Cruise Line]], [[Navarro Discount Pharmacies]], [[Perry Ellis International]], [[Ryder]], [[Sedano's]], [[UniMás]], and [[U.S. Century Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – Burger King |url=https://www.bk.com/about-bk |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228020920/https://www.bk.com/about-bk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.perryellis.com/pages/about-us |access-date=February 27, 2022 |publisher=[[Perry Ellis International]] |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228020224/https://www.perryellis.com/pages/about-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.benihana.com/about/corporate-information/|title=Corporate Information|publisher=[[Benihana]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=October 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029085704/https://www.benihana.com/about/corporate-information/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sedanos.com/about|title=Flavor Story|publisher=[[Sedano's]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183244/https://www.sedanos.com/about|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navarro.com/about_us.htm|title=About Our Stores|publisher=[[Navarro Discount Pharmacies]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183431/https://www.navarro.com/about_us.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carnival.com/about-carnival/about-us|title=About Us, Who we are|publisher=[[Carnival Cruise Line]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183719/https://www.carnival.com/about-carnival/about-us|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscentury.com/about-us|title=About US|publisher=[[U.S. Century Bank]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183906/https://www.uscentury.com/about-us|url-status=live}}</ref>

Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the United States for Spanish-language media. [[Telemundo]] and [[UniMás]] have their headquarters in the Miami area. [[Univision|Univisión Studios]] and [[Telemundo Global Studios]] produce much of the original programming for their respective parent networks, such as [[telenovela]]s, news, sports, and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2011 |title=Telemundo plans to tape 1,100 hours of telenovelas in Miami |url=http://miamitodaynews.com/news/110623/story4.shtml |access-date=October 8, 2012 |website=Miamitodaynews.com |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903110816/http://miamitodaynews.com/news/110623/story4.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami is a significant music recording center, with the [[Sony Music Latin]] headquarters in the city,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official website of Sony Music Latin |url=https://www.sonymusiclatin.com/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=sonymusiclatin.com |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616193904/https://www.sonymusiclatin.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> along with many other smaller record labels. Miami also attracts many artists for music video and film shoots.

During the mid-2000s, Miami witnessed its largest real estate boom since the [[Florida land boom of the 1920s]], and the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects. However, only 50 were actually built.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami: High rise buildings–All |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=101321&bt=2&ht=3&sro=1 |access-date=August 25, 2007 |website=Emporis|url-status=usurped | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701225556/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=101321&bt=2&ht=3&sro=1 | archive-date=July 1, 2004 }}</ref> Rapid high-rise construction led to fast population growth in Miami's inner neighborhoods, with [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]], [[Brickell]] and [[Edgewater (Miami)|Edgewater]] becoming the fastest-growing areas of Miami. Miami currently has the seven tallest, as well as fifteen of top twenty, [[List of tallest buildings in Florida|skyscrapers in the state of Florida]], with the tallest being the {{convert|868|ft|m|0|adj=on|abbr=}} [[Panorama Tower]].<ref name="emporis">{{Cite web |title=Miami:High rise buildings–Completed |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=101321&bt=9&ht=2&sro=1 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040618062114/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=101321&bt=9&ht=2&sro=1 |archive-date=June 18, 2004 |access-date=August 19, 2007 |publisher=[[Emporis]]}}</ref>

The [[United States housing bubble|housing market crash of 2007]] caused a foreclosure crisis in the area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bell |first=Maya |date=August 27, 2007 |title=Boom of condo crash loudest in Miami |work=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-condobust2707aug27,0,2001796.story |url-status=dead |access-date=August 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901092249/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-condobust2707aug27,0,2001796.story |archive-date=September 1, 2007}}</ref> Like other metro areas in the United States, crime in Miami is localized to specific neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Werner |first=Raleigh |title=Moving to Miami, FL: Relocating Tips & Advice |url=https://www.jumpshell.com/posts/moving-to-miami#crimemaps |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911171407/https://www.jumpshell.com/posts/moving-to-miami#crimemaps |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |access-date=May 27, 2016 |website=Jumpshell}}</ref>

[[Miami International Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: MIA) and [[PortMiami]] are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from [[South America]] and the [[Caribbean]]. PortMiami is the world's busiest cruise port. Miami International Airport is the busiest airport in Florida and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America.<ref>{{Cite news |title=New figures show PortMiami retained No. 1 cruise port ranking |work=Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/news/2012/12/24/portmiami-drops-behind-port-canaveral.html |access-date=March 31, 2013 |archive-date=March 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307070350/http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/news/2012/12/24/portmiami-drops-behind-port-canaveral.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, Miami has among the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along [[Brickell Avenue]] in [[Brickell]], Miami's financial district. Miami was the host city of the 2003 [[Free Trade Area of the Americas]] negotiations.

Miami is the home to the [[National Hurricane Center]] and the headquarters of the [[United States Southern Command]], responsible for military operations in [[Central America|Central]] and South America. Miami is also an industrial center, especially for stone quarrying and warehousing. These industries are centered largely on the western fringes of Miami near [[Doral, Florida|Doral]] and [[Hialeah, Florida|Hialeah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/|title=The Official website of the National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center|website=nhc.noaa.gov|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601204113/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the 2012 census, Miami had the [[List of lowest-income places in the United States|fourth highest percentage]] of family incomes below the federal poverty line out of all large cities in the United States, behind [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], and [[Cincinnati]], respectively. Miami is also one of the very few cities in the U.S. where the local government has gone bankrupt, in 2001.<ref>{{Citation |last=Cohen |first=Adam |title=Gloom over Miami |date=June 24, 2001 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,135186,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930034506/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,135186,00.html |access-date=September 2, 2007 |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Little Fire Ant, ''[[Wasmannia auropunctata]]'', is an [[invasive agricultural pest]] in parts of Miami.<ref name="LFA">{{Cite journal |last1=Wetterer |first1=James |last2=Porter |first2=Sanford |date=2003 |title=The Little Fire Ant ''Wasmannia auropunctata'': Distribution, Impact and Control |journal=[[Sociobiology (journal)|Sociobiology]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |issn=0361-6525 |id=[[CABI ISC]] # [https://www.cabi.org/ISC/abstract/20043012612 20043012612]. [[AGRIS]] ID [https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300806939 US201300806939] |s2cid=53132506}}</ref>

===PortMiami===
{{Main|PortMiami}}
[[File:PortMiami main channel with city skyline in the background (March 11, 2024).jpg|thumb|[[PortMiami]], the world's largest cruise ship port and headquarters for many of the world's largest cruise companies, seen from the docked ''[[MSC Magnifica]]'' cruise ship in March 2024.]]
[[PortMiami]] in Miami is the largest cruise ship port in the world.<ref name="miamiport">{{Cite web |title=Port of Miami |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/ |access-date=October 28, 2008 |website=Miami-Dade County |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503070701/http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It has retained its status as the number one cruise and passenger port in the world for well over a decade, accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. In 2017, the port served 5,340,559 cruise passengers.<ref name="portreport">{{Cite web |title=2017–18 Port Report |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/library/brochures/2017-statistics-brochure.pdf |publisher=PortMiami |access-date=October 5, 2018 |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005071916/http://www.miamidade.gov/portmiami/library/brochures/2017-statistics-brochure.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The port is one of the nation's busiest cargo ports, importing 9,162,340 tons of cargo in 2017.<ref name = portreport/>

Among [[North American]] ports, it ranks second to [[New Orleans]]' [[Port of South Louisiana]] in cargo tonnage imported from [[Latin America]]. The port sits on {{convert|518|acre|km2|0|abbr=on}} and has seven passenger terminals. China is the port's number one import country and number one export country. Miami has the world's largest amount of cruise line headquarters, home to [[Carnival Cruise Line]], [[Celebrity Cruises]], [[Norwegian Cruise Line]], [[Oceania Cruises]], and [[Royal Caribbean International]]. In 2014, the [[Port of Miami Tunnel]] opened, connecting the [[MacArthur Causeway]] to PortMiami.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordle |first=Ina Paiva |date=May 28, 2014 |title=The new PortMiami tunnel's opening is delayed until mid-June |work=The Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/28/4143644/the-new-portmiami-tunnels-opening.html |access-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712133703/http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/28/4143644/the-new-portmiami-tunnels-opening.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Tourism and conventions===
[[File:Miami-florida-royal-caribbean-building.jpg|thumb|The [[Royal Caribbean International]] headquarters at [[PortMiami]]]]
Tourism is one of the Miami's largest private-sector industries, accounting for more than 144,800 jobs in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=John |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Greater Miami Tourism Industry Setting Records |url=https://www.globest.com/2018/05/02/greater-miami-tourism-industry-setting-records/?slreturn=20180904191824 |access-date=April 1, 2019 |website=globest.com |publisher=GlobeSt |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401203456/https://www.globest.com/2018/05/02/greater-miami-tourism-industry-setting-records/?slreturn=20180904191824 |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami's frequent portrayal in music, film, and popular culture has made Miami and its landmarks recognizable worldwide. In 2016, it attracted the second-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States, after New York City, and is among the top 20 cities worldwide by international visitor spending. More than 15.9&nbsp;million visitors arrived in Miami in 2017, adding $26.1&nbsp;billion to the economy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herrera |first=Chabeli |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Despite Irma, Miami tourism grew in 2017. Will Asia flights make 2018 even better? |work=miamiherald.com |publisher=Miami Herald |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article210209129.html |access-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401215124/https://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article210209129.html |url-status=live }}</ref> With a large hotel infrastructure and the newly renovated [[Miami Beach Convention Center]], Miami is a popular destination for annual conventions and conferences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Miami Broward Junior Carnival Represents Caribbean Culture |url=https://miamiweekly.com/miami-broward-junior-carnival-represents-caribbean-culture/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Miami Weekly |language=en}}</ref>

Some of the most popular tourist destinations in Miami include [[South Beach]], [[Lincoln Road]], [[Bayside Marketplace]], [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]], and [[Brickell City Centre]]. The [[Miami Beach Architectural District|Art Deco District]] in [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]] is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its [[nightclubs]], beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the [[Miami Open (tennis)|Miami Open]], [[Art Basel]], the [[Winter Music Conference]], the [[Food Network South Beach Wine and Food Festival|South Beach Wine and Food Festival]], and [[Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami]] attract millions to the metropolis every year.

==Culture==
{{See also|LGBT culture in Miami|List of films and television shows set in Miami|Music of Miami}}

Miami enjoys a vibrant culture that is influenced by a diverse population from all around the world. Miami is known as the "Magic City" for seemingly popping up overnight due to its young age and massive growth. Miami is infamous for its [[Miami drug war|drug war in the early 1980s]] and its outrun aesthetics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2019 |title=8 Things you didn't know about the Miami Drug Wars |url=https://culturecrusaders.com/2019/02/12/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-miami-drug-wars/ |access-date=February 12, 2019 |website=culturecrusaders.com |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327070117/https://culturecrusaders.com/2019/02/12/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-miami-drug-wars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/03/cocaine-cowboys-billionaires-controlled-miami-netflix|title=Cocaine Cowboys: the story of the billionaires who controlled Miami|last=Simonpilali|first=Radheyan|date=August 3, 2021|website=theguardian.com|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120222014/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/03/cocaine-cowboys-billionaires-controlled-miami-netflix|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9252490|title=Timeline: America's War on Drugs|date=April 2, 2007|website=[[NPR]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329060119/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9252490|url-status=live}}</ref> It is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America" because of its high population of Spanish speakers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fajardo |first=Luis |date=May 16, 2016 |title=How Miami became the capital of affluent Latin America |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36281648 |access-date=May 16, 2016 |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=May 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516050618/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36281648 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lizette |date=July 19, 2014 |title=Influx of South Americans Drives Miami's Reinvention |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/us/20miami.html |access-date=July 19, 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720043100/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/us/20miami.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/05/07/if-latin-america-has-a-commercial-capital-it-is-miami|title=If Latin America has a commercial capital, it is Miami|date=May 7, 2022|website=Economist.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120005929/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/05/07/if-latin-america-has-a-commercial-capital-it-is-miami|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2018/05/01/why-miami-is-latin-americas-center-of-interconnection/|title=Why Miami is Latin America's Center of Interconnection|last=Garcia|first=Gustavo|date=May 1, 2018|website=blog.equinix.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120010311/https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2018/05/01/why-miami-is-latin-americas-center-of-interconnection/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Miami has been the setting of numerous films and television shows, including ''[[Bad Boys (franchise)|Bad Boys]]'', ''[[Miami Vice]]'', ''[[Cocaine Cowboys (2006 film)|Cocaine Cowboys]]'', ''[[CSI: Miami]]'', ''[[Burn Notice]]'', ''[[Jane the Virgin]]'', [[Scarface (1983 film)|''Scarface'']], ''[[The Birdcage]]'', ''[[Ballers]]'', ''[[South Beach Tow]]'', ''[[Ace Ventura: Pet Detective]]'', ''[[Ride Along 2]]'', ''[[Love & Hip Hop: Miami]]'', ''[[Kourtney & Kim Take Miami]]'', ''[[Family Karma]]'', ''[[The Golden Girls]]'', ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'', ''[[Austin & Ally]]'', ''[[The Real CSI: Miami]]'', and ''[[Dexter (TV series)|Dexter]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/celebrities/article53497190.html|title=Ride Along 2 world premiere in Miami Beach|last=Marr|first=Madeleine|date=January 7, 2016|website=[[Miami Herald]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=April 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425020316/https://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/celebrities/article53497190.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/local/miami/2023/10/19/golden-girls-experience-wynwood|title="Golden Girls" experience to open in Miami|last=Funcheon|first=Deirdra|date=October 19, 2023|website=Axios Miami|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120145817/https://www.axios.com/local/miami/2023/10/19/golden-girls-experience-wynwood|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/arts/five-times-jane-the-virgin-got-miami-completely-wrong-7790965|title=Five Times Jane the Virgin Got Miami Completely Wrong|date=August 4, 2015|website=Miami New Times|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120144648/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/arts/five-times-jane-the-virgin-got-miami-completely-wrong-7790965|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv.apple.com/us/show/south-beach-tow/umc.cmc.384gyjhmq2surzppb7mo7p94a|title=South Beach Tow|website=[[Apple TV]]|date=July 20, 2011|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185453/https://tv.apple.com/us/show/south-beach-tow/umc.cmc.384gyjhmq2surzppb7mo7p94a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/scarfaces-chainsaw-scene-location-on-ocean-drive-is-turning-into-a-cvs-9275818|title=Scarface's Chainsaw Scene Location on Ocean Drive is Turning into a CVS|last=Shammas|first=Brittany|date=April 14, 2017|website=[[Miami New Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185850/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/scarfaces-chainsaw-scene-location-on-ocean-drive-is-turning-into-a-cvs-9275818|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbc.com/miami-vice/about|title=About Miami Vice|website=[[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120190145/https://www.nbc.com/miami-vice/about|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vh1.com/shows/love-and-hip-hop-miami|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101223646/http://www.vh1.com/shows/love-and-hip-hop-miami|url-status=live|archive-date=November 1, 2017|title=Love & Hip Hop: Miami – TV Series|website=[[VH1]]|access-date=November 20, 2023}}</ref> Several video games, including ''[[Hotline Miami]]'', the [[Gameloft]] racing game ''[[Asphalt Overdrive]]'', ''[[Scarface: The World Is Yours]]'', and the fictional [[Vice City]] in several video games across the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series, most notably ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' and the upcoming ''[[Grand Theft Auto VI]]'', is based on Miami.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2002 |title=Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Graphics Q&A |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-vice-city-graphics-qanda/1100-2881042/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US |archive-date=May 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035814/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-vice-city-graphics-qanda/1100-2881042/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/games/hotline-miami|title=Hotline Miami Overview|website=IGN.com|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120190500/https://www.ign.com/games/hotline-miami|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Entertainment and performing arts===
{{main|Music of Miami}}
[[File:Knightconcerthall.jpg|thumb|The [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts]], the second-largest performing arts center in the United States]]
In addition to annual festivals like the [[Calle Ocho Festival]], Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts]], home of the [[Florida Grand Opera]] and the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts|Lincoln Center]] in New York City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tommasini |first=Anthony |date=February 4, 2007 |title=Carnival Center for the Performing Arts – Miami – Music |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/arts/music/04tomm.html |access-date=May 29, 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808204441/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/arts/music/04tomm.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The center attracts many large-scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the [[Olympia Theater (Miami)|Olympia Theater]], [[Wertheim Performing Arts Center]], the [[Fair Expo Center]], the [[Tower Theater (Miami, Florida)|Tower Theater]], and the [[Bayfront Park|Bayfront Park Amphitheater]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympiaarts.miami/olympia-theater.html|title=About Olympia Theater: Downtown Miami's Historic Performing Arts Center since 1926|website=olympiaarts.miami|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120001246/https://www.olympiaarts.miami/olympia-theater.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Another celebrated event is the [[Miami International Film Festival]], taking place every year for 10 days around the first week of March, during which independent international and American films are screened across Miami. Miami has over a half dozen independent film theaters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami International Film Festival |url=https://miamifilmfestival.com/ |access-date=June 20, 2019 |website=Miami Film Festival |language=en-US |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525090321/https://miamifilmfestival.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami attracts a large number of musicians, singers, actors, dancers, and orchestral players. The city has numerous orchestras, symphonies and performing art conservatories. These include the [[Florida Grand Opera]], [[Florida International University|FIU School of Music]], [[Frost School of Music]], and the [[New World School of the Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fgo.org/|title=Florida Grand Opera Homepage|website=fgo.org|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120081259/http://www.fgo.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://carta.fiu.edu/music/|title=Herbert and Nicole Wertheim School of Music & Performing Arts Homepage|website=carta.fiu.edu|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120203133/https://carta.fiu.edu/music/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.frost.miami.edu/|title=Frost School of Music – University of Miami|website=frost.miami.edu|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110124701/https://www.frost.miami.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nwsa.mdc.edu/music/|title=New World School of the Arts – Miami Dade College|website=nwsa.mdc.edu|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120203845/https://nwsa.mdc.edu/music/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Miami is a major fashion center, home to models and some of the top modeling agencies in the world. Miami hosts many fashion shows and events, including the annual [[Miami Fashion Week]] and the [[Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami]], held in the [[Wynwood Art District]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami Fashion Week |url=http://www.miamifashionweek.com/new_admin/html/Overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511195801/http://www.miamifashionweek.com/new_admin/html/Overview.html |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=Miami Fashion Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.mbusa.com/releases/release-37c7185c12d94976af1e30f425044362-mercedes-benz-fashion-force-patrols-miami-for-swim-week|title=Mercedes-Benz Fashion Force Patrols Miami For Swim Week|date=July 14, 2011|website=[[Mercedes-Benz USA]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120202447/https://media.mbusa.com/releases/release-37c7185c12d94976af1e30f425044362-mercedes-benz-fashion-force-patrols-miami-for-swim-week|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2011/07/19/Highlights-from-Mercedes-Benz-Fashion-Week-Swim-2012.html|title=Highlights from Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Swim 2012|last=Naziri|first=Jessica|date=September 13, 2013|website=[[CNBC]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120202709/https://www.cnbc.com/2011/07/19/Highlights-from-Mercedes-Benz-Fashion-Week-Swim-2012.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Miami's first boat-in movie theater opened in 2020.<ref name="miamiherald.com">{{Cite web |title=There's a new drive in movie theater on Biscayne Bay: Be sure to bring your boat |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/things-to-do/article244378772.html |access-date=February 26, 2021 |website=[[Miami Herald]] |archive-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617202456/https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/things-to-do/article244378772.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Museums and visual arts===
[[File:Lowe.jpg|thumb|The [[Lowe Art Museum]] on the campus of the [[University of Miami]]]]
Some of the museums in Miami include the [[Frost Art Museum]], [[Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science|Frost Museum of Science]], [[HistoryMiami]], [[Institute of Contemporary Art (Miami)|Institute of Contemporary Art]], [[Miami Children's Museum]], [[Pérez Art Museum Miami|Pérez Art Museum]], [[Lowe Art Museum]], and the [[Vizcaya Museum and Gardens]], a [[National Historic Landmark]] set on a 28-acre early 20th century estate in [[Coconut Grove, Florida|Coconut Grove]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frost.fiu.edu/|title=Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum|website=[[Florida International University]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119163119/https://frost.fiu.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cuisine===

The cuisine of Miami is a reflection of its diverse population, with a heavy influence from [[Latin American cuisine|Latin American]], [[Caribbean cuisine|Caribbean]], [[Soul food|Soul]], and [[Jewish cuisine]]. By combining them with mainstream [[American cuisine]], it has spawned a unique [[South Florida]] style of cooking known as [[Floribbean cuisine]]. It is widely available throughout Miami and South Florida and can be found in restaurant chains such as [[Pollo Tropical]].

Cuban immigrants in the 1960s originated the [[Cuban sandwich]] and brought [[medianoche]], [[Cuban espresso]], [[Bistec de palomilla]], and [[croquette|croquetas]], all of which have grown in popularity among all Miamians and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture and can be found throughout the city at window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuban Sandwich, History of Cuban Sandwich, History of Cubano Sandwich |url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/CubanSandwich.htm |website=Whatscookingamerica.net |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-date=April 21, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421105240/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/CubanSandwich.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Cuisine in Miami at Frommer's |url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/miami/0017024034.html |access-date=October 8, 2012 |website=Frommers.com |archive-date=October 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004143352/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/miami/0017024034.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of these locations, such as the [[Versailles restaurant]] in [[Little Havana]], are landmark eateries of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a [[Port|seaport]], Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]] and in and around Biscayne Bay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami Cuisine: Seafood Restaurants Guide – Miami Dining Guide |work=[[Miami New Times]] |url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/search/cuisine:Seafood/ |access-date=October 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720222320/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/search/cuisine%3ASeafood/ |archive-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> The city is also the headquarters of restaurant chains such as [[Burger King]] and [[Benihana]].

===Dialect===
{{Main|Miami accent}}
The Miami area has a unique dialect of [[American English]], commonly called the "[[Miami accent]]", that is widely spoken. The accent developed among second- or third-generation [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics]], including [[Cuban Americans]], whose first language was English. Some [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]], [[black people|black]] and [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|other races]] who were born and raised in the Miami area have tended to adopt it as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: Why Locals Embrace That Heavy "L" Or Not |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-why-locals-embrace-heavy-l-or-not?nopop=1 |access-date=September 1, 2013 |publisher=WLRN ([[WLRN-TV]] and [[WLRN-FM]]) |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082641/http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-why-locals-embrace-heavy-l-or-not?nopop=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is based on a fairly [[General American|standard American accent]] but with some changes, very similar to dialects in the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]], especially those in the [[New York City English|New York area]] and [[New Jersey English|Northern New Jersey]], including [[New York Latino English]]. Unlike [[Piedmont region of Virginia|Virginia Piedmont]], Coastal Southern American, Northeast American dialects and [[Florida Cracker]] dialect, "Miami accent" is [[Rhoticity in English|rhotic]]. It incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish, where rhythm is [[isochrony#syllable timing|syllable-timed]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2004 |title='Miami Accent' Takes Speakers By Surprise |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2004-06-13/news/0406130047_1_cuban-accent-spanish-sound |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820020926/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2004-06-13/news/0406130047_1_cuban-accent-spanish-sound |archive-date=August 20, 2012 |access-date=October 8, 2012 |website=Articles – [[Sun-Sentinel]].com}}</ref>

This is a native dialect of English, not learner English or [[interlanguage]]. It is possible to differentiate this variety from an [[interlanguage]] spoken by second-language speakers, in that the "Miami accent" does ''not'' generally display the following features: there is no [[epenthesis|addition]] of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} before initial consonant clusters with {{IPA|/s/}}, speakers do not confuse {{IPA|/dʒ/}} with {{IPA|/j/}}, (e.g., ''Yale'' with ''jail''), and /r/ and /rr/ are pronounced as [[Alveolar approximant|alveolar approximant <nowiki>[</nowiki>{{IPA|ɹ|cat=no}}<nowiki>]</nowiki>]] instead of [[alveolar tap]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}} or [[alveolar trill]] [r] in Spanish.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |access-date=September 1, 2013 |publisher=WLRN ([[WLRN-TV]] & [[WLRN-FM]]) |archive-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831034043/http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haggin |first=Patience |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: Why Locals Embrace That Heavy "L" Or Not |url=https://y-dc.info/2020/09/17/miami-accents-why-locals-embrace-heavy-l-or-not/ |access-date=August 10, 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Watts |first=Gabriella |date=August 26, 2013 |title=Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang |url=http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |access-date=August 10, 2015 |archive-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831034043/http://wlrn.org/post/miami-accents-how-miamah-turned-different-sort-twang |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Haggin |first=Patience |date=September 16, 2013 |title=English in the 305 has its own distinct Miami sound |work=[[Miami Herald]] |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/09/07/3609984/english-in-the-305-has-its-own.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203181803/http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/09/07/3609984/english-in-the-305-has-its-own.html |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Miami}}
{{See also|Florida Panthers|Inter Miami CF|Miami Dolphins|Miami Heat|Miami Hurricanes|Miami Marlins}}
[[File:200127-H-PX819-0092.jpg|right|thumb|[[Hard Rock Stadium]] is the home field for the [[Miami Dolphins]] of the [[National Football League]], the [[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami Hurricanes football team]] of the [[University of Miami]], and [[College Football Playoff]]'s [[Orange Bowl]] game held annually each January.]] 
[[File:Marlins First Pitch at Marlins Park, April 4, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[LoanDepot Park]], home of the [[Miami Marlins]] of [[Major League Baseball]]]]
Miami's main five sports teams are [[Inter Miami]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS),<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Club |url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/club/about |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=[[Inter Miami CF]] |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228014751/https://www.intermiamicf.com/club/about |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Miami Marlins]] of [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami Marlins Franchise Timeline |url=https://www.mlb.com/marlins/history/timeline-1980s |access-date=February 26, 2022 |website=Marlins.com |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227025151/https://www.mlb.com/marlins/history/timeline-1980s |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Florida Panthers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official website of the Florida Panthers |url=https://www.nhl.com/panthers |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=NHL.com |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226125921/https://www.nhl.com/panthers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Miami Heat]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami HEAT Team Homepage |url=https://www.nba.com/heat |access-date=February 26, 2022 |website=HEAT.com |archive-date=February 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225190800/https://www.nba.com/heat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Miami Dolphins]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official website of the Miami Dolphins |url=https://www.miamidolphins.com/ |access-date=July 31, 2022 |website=[[Miami Dolphins]] |archive-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730191817/https://www.miamidolphins.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  The [[Miami Open (tennis)|Miami Open]], an annual tennis tournament, was previously held in [[Key Biscayne, Florida|Key Biscayne]] before moving to [[Hard Rock Stadium]] after the tournament was purchased by [[Miami Dolphins]] owner [[Stephen M. Ross|Stephen Ross]] in 2019.

Miami is home to numerous [[marina]]s, [[jai alai]] venues, and [[golf course]]s. The city streets have hosted professional auto races in the past, most notably the open-wheel [[Grand Prix of Miami (open wheel racing)|Grand Prix of Miami]], the sports car [[Grand Prix of Miami (sports car racing)|Grand Prix of Miami]], and [[Miami Grand Prix]] of [[Formula One]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2021 |title=Miami Grand Prix to join F1 calendar in 2022, with exciting new circuit planned |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.miami-grand-prix-to-join-f1-calendar-in-2022.44Dqc0CfhQzb7bb7MIjkqX.html |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=Formula1.com |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123124353/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.miami-grand-prix-to-join-f1-calendar-in-2022.44Dqc0CfhQzb7bb7MIjkqX.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, Miami hosted [[2015 Miami ePrix|a one-off Formula E race]]. The [[Homestead–Miami Speedway]] oval [[NASCAR Cup Series at Homestead–Miami|hosts]] [[NASCAR]] races.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Track History and Records |url=https://www.homesteadmiamispeedway.com/track-history/ |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=homestead Miami speedway.com |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609083807/https://www.homesteadmiamispeedway.com/track-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Heat and the Marlins play within Miami's city limits, at the [[Kaseya Center]] in [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[LoanDepot Park]] in [[Little Havana]], respectively. Marlins Park is built on the site of the old [[Miami Orange Bowl]] stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About FTX Arena |url=https://www.ftxarena.com/about |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=FTX Arena |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023161324/https://www.ftxarena.com/about |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Miami Dolphins]] play at [[Hard Rock Stadium]] in suburban [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]], while the [[Florida Panthers]] play in nearby [[Sunrise, Florida|Sunrise]] at [[Amerant Bank Arena]]. [[Inter Miami CF]] plays at [[Chase Stadium]] in nearby [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], temporarily until a stadium is built at [[Miami Freedom Park]]. [[Miami FC]] is another professional soccer club that plays in the [[USL Championship]] second tier of the [[United States soccer league system]]. The Club plays its home matches at the [[FIU Stadium]] on the campus of [[Florida International University]] (FIU) in Miami.

The [[Orange Bowl]], one of the major bowl games in the [[College Football Playoff]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]], is played at Hard Rock Stadium every winter. The stadium has also hosted the [[Super Bowl]]. The Miami metro area has hosted the game ten times, five times at the current Hard Rock Stadium and five at the [[Miami Orange Bowl]], tying New Orleans for the most games.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orange Bowl History |url=https://www.orangebowl.org/thegame/legacy/history/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Orange Bowl]] |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023233505/https://www.orangebowl.org/thegame/legacy/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Miami is also the home of many college sports teams. The two largest are the [[University of Miami]] [[Miami Hurricanes|Hurricanes]], whose [[Miami Hurricanes football|football team]] plays at [[Hard Rock Stadium]] and [[Florida International University]] [[FIU Panthers|Panthers]], whose [[FIU Panthers football|football team]] plays at FIU Stadium. The Hurricanes compete in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] (ACC), while the Panthers compete in the [[Conference USA]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Miami Athletics – Official Athletics Website |url=https://miamihurricanes.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Miami Hurricanes]] |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023022504/https://miamihurricanes.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIU Athletics |url=https://fiusports.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=FIUsports.com |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023232958/https://fiusports.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami is home to [[Paso Fino]] horses. Competitions are held at Tropical Park Equestrian Center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida Paso Fino Horse Association |url=https://floridapfha.org/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=floridapfha.org |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023233218/https://floridapfha.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami hosted the [[2024 Copa América]] final in July 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hardrockstadium.com/events/copa-america-2024/ | title=Copa America 2024 | access-date=February 23, 2024 | archive-date=February 23, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223062730/https://www.hardrockstadium.com/events/copa-america-2024/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami will serve as one of eleven U.S. host cities for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026 |title=FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World Cup 2026™ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228153555/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The following are the major professional sports teams in the Miami metropolitan area:

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%;"
|+ Miami major league professional sports teams
|-
!Club
!Sport
!Miami Area since
!League
!Venue
!League Championships
|-
|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|[[American football]]
|1965<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/mia/index.htm|title=Miami Dolphins Franchise Encyclopedia|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=April 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409200936/https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/mia/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[National Football League]]
|[[Hard Rock Stadium]]
|1972 ([[Super Bowl VII|VII]]), 1973 ([[Super Bowl VIII|VIII]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamidolphins.com/news/1972-miami-dolphins-the-perfect-season-50th-anniversary|title=1972 Miami Dolphins – The Perfect Season 50th Anniversary|last=Oguntola|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2022|website=Dolphins.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119162203/https://www.miamidolphins.com/news/1972-miami-dolphins-the-perfect-season-50th-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/nfl/longterm/superbowl/stories/sb7.htm|title=Dolphins Finish Super Season|last=Solomon|first=George|date=January 15, 1973|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145622/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/nfl/longterm/superbowl/stories/sb7.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Florida Panthers]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|1993
|[[National Hockey League]]
|[[Amerant Bank Arena]]
|2024
|-
|[[Miami Heat]]
|[[Basketball]]
|1988<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/MIA/|title=Miami Heat Franchise Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Basketball-Reference.com]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=February 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224232607/http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/MIA/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[National Basketball Association]]
|[[Kaseya Center]]
|2006,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robbins |first=Liz |date=June 21, 2006 |title=Heat Claims Its First Championship |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/21/sports/basketball/21nba.html |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024001203/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/21/sports/basketball/21nba.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2012,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Michael |date=June 22, 2012 |title=NBA Finals 2012: LeBron James, Miami Heat rout Oklahoma City Thunder to win championship |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/wizards/nba-finals-2012-lebron-james-miami-heat-rout-oklahoma-city-thunder-to-win-championship/2012/06/22/gJQAPLA7tV_story.html |access-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221163240/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/wizards/nba-finals-2012-lebron-james-miami-heat-rout-oklahoma-city-thunder-to-win-championship/2012/06/22/gJQAPLA7tV_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2013<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kay |first=Alex |date=June 20, 2013 |title=Miami Heat Defeat San Antonio Spurs 95-88 to Win 2013 NBA Championship |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1679507-miami-heat-defeat-san-antonio-spurs-95-88-to-win-2013-nba-championship |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024002945/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1679507-miami-heat-defeat-san-antonio-spurs-95-88-to-win-2013-nba-championship |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Miami Marlins]]
|[[Baseball]]
|1993<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/FLA/index.shtml|title=Miami Marlins Team History & Franchise Encyclopedia|website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117131706/https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/FLA/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Major League Baseball]]
|[[LoanDepot Park]]
|1997, 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/mlb/miami-marlins/article261377497.html|title=A dream come true: 25 years later, 1997 Marlins reflect on club's first World Series|last=McPherson|first=Jordan|date=May 14, 2022|website=[[Miami Herald]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=April 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425020314/https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/mlb/miami-marlins/article261377497.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/26/sports/baseball/marlins-win-world-series.html|title=Marlins Win World Series|date=October 26, 2003|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=October 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031191516/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/26/sports/baseball/marlins-win-world-series.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- 
|[[Inter Miami CF]]
|[[Soccer]]
|2018
|[[Major League Soccer]]
|[[Chase Stadium]]
|
|}

==Beaches and parks==
[[File:Bayfront Park - panoramio (5).jpg|thumb|[[Bayfront Park]] on [[Biscayne Bay]], February 2017]]
The City of Miami has various lands operated by the [[National Park Service]], the Florida Division of Recreation and Parks, and the City of Miami Department of Parks and Recreation.

Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoor activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outdoor Activities in Miami |url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/things-to-do/outdoor-activities |access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=Greater Miami & Miami Beach |language=en |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420185325/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/things-to-do/outdoor-activities |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, canoeing, sailing, and fishing popular outdoor activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous [[coral reef]]s that make [[snorkeling]] and [[scuba diving]] popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami parks |url=http://www.miamigov.com/cms/parks/15_16.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820083309/http://www.miamigov.com/cms/parks/15_16.asp |archive-date=August 20, 2008 |access-date=June 27, 2009 |publisher=Miamigov.com}}</ref> The largest and most popular parks are [[Bayfront Park]] and [[Museum Park (Miami)|Museum Park]] (located in the heart of [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and the location of the [[Miami-Dade Arena]] and [[Bayside Marketplace]]), [[Tropical Park]], [[Peacock Park]], [[Virginia Key]], and [[Watson Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/bayfront-park/2443|title=Bayfront Park|website=Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120210201/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/bayfront-park/2443|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/maurice-a-ferre-park/6326|title=Explore Maurice A. Ferré Park|website=Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120210430/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/maurice-a-ferre-park/6326|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/tropical-park/2965|title=Explore Tropical Park|website=Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120210632/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/tropical-park/2965|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/peacock-park/2980|title=Peacock Park|website=Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120210852/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/l/outdoor-experiences/peacock-park/2980|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://virginiakeybeachpark.net/|title=Historic Virginia Key Beach Park Homepage|website=Virginiakeybeachpark.net|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121121757/https://virginiakeybeachpark.net/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other popular cultural destinations in or near Miami include [[Zoo Miami]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Zoo Miami |url=https://www.zoomiami.org/about-the-zoo |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227195601/https://www.zoomiami.org/about-the-zoo |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jungle Island]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jungle Island Homepage |url=https://www.jungleisland.com/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227195808/https://www.jungleisland.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Miami Seaquarium]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Miami Seaquarium |date=January 24, 2022 |url=https://www.miamiseaquarium.com/plan-a-visit/about-miami-seaquarium |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227200156/https://www.miamiseaquarium.com/plan-a-visit/about-miami-seaquarium |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Monkey Jungle]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Monkey Jungle homepage |url=https://www.monkeyjungle.com/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226223725/https://www.monkeyjungle.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Coral Castle]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coral Castle Museum Info |url=https://coralcastle.com/museum-info/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227205611/https://coralcastle.com/museum-info/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Charles Deering Estate]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deering Estate history |url=https://deeringestate.org/history/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211211038/http://www.deeringestate.org/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden]], and [[Key Biscayne]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fairchildgarden.org/|title=Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden official webpage|website=fairchildgarden.org|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119233712/https://fairchildgarden.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/neighborhoods/key-biscayne|title=Explore Key Biscayne|website=Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120220555/https://www.miamiandbeaches.com/neighborhoods/key-biscayne|url-status=live}}</ref>

In its 2020 ParkScore ranking, [[The Trust for Public Land]] reported that the park system in the City of Miami was the 64th best park system among the 100 most populous U.S. cities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ParkScore 2018: Ranking Analysis |url=https://parkscore.tpl.org/rankings_advanced.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110112624/http://parkscore.tpl.org/rankings_advanced.php |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref> down slightly from 48th place in the 2017 ranking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ParkScore Rankings 2017 |url=https://parkscore.tpl.org/historic/2017_ParkScoreRank.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065401/https://parkscore.tpl.org/historic/2017_ParkScoreRank.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref> The City of Miami was analyzed to have a median park size of 2.6 acres, park land as percent of city area of 6.5%, 87% of residents living within a 10-minute walk of a park, $48.39 spending per capita of park services, and 1.3 playgrounds per 10,000 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Parkscore index: Access |url=https://parkserve.tpl.org/mapping/pdfs/Miami,%20FL.pdf |access-date=August 3, 2021 |publisher=The Trust for Public Land |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505222029/https://parkserve.tpl.org/mapping/pdfs/Miami,%20FL.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Law and government==
{{Main|Government of the City of Miami}}
{{See also|List of mayors of Miami}}
[[File:Miami FL Pan Am Bldg city hall02.jpg|thumb|[[Miami City Hall]], located at [[Dinner Key]] in [[Coconut Grove]], is home to Miami's primary administrative offices.]]
The government of the City of Miami uses the [[Mayor-council government|mayor-commissioner]] type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners that are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor [[Francis Suarez]] and 5 city commissioners that oversee the five districts in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayor Francis Suarez – City of Miami |url=https://www.miamigov.com/My-Government/City-Officials/Mayor-Francis-Suarez |access-date=July 31, 2022 |website=miamigov.com |archive-date=August 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802203623/https://www.miamigov.com/My-Government/City-Officials/Mayor-Francis-Suarez |url-status=live }}</ref>

The commission's regular meetings are held at [[Miami City Hall]], which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on [[Dinner Key]] in the neighborhood of [[Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida|Coconut Grove]]. In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Miami is represented by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] [[Maria Elvira Salazar]] and [[Mario Diaz-Balart]], along with [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Frederica Wilson]].

===City Commission===
{{See also|List of mayors of Miami}}
# '''[[Francis Suarez]] – Mayor of the City of Miami'''
* ''' Miguel Angel Gabela – Miami Commissioner, District 1'''
::[[Allapattah]] and [[Grapeland Heights]]
* '''Damian Pardo – Miami Commissioner, District 2'''
::[[Arts & Entertainment District]], [[Brickell]], [[Coconut Grove]], [[Coral Way]], [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]], [[Edgewater (Miami)|Edgewater]], [[Midtown Miami]], [[Park West (Miami)|Park West]] and the South part [[Upper Eastside]]
* '''[[Joe Carollo]] – Miami Commissioner, District 3'''
::[[Coral Way]], [[Little Havana]] and [[The Roads]]
* '''Manolo Reyes – Miami Commissioner, District 4'''
::[[Coral Way]], [[Flagami]] and [[West Flagler]]
* '''Christine King – Miami Commissioner, District 5'''
::[[Buena Vista (Miami)|Buena Vista]], [[Miami Design District|Design District]], [[Liberty City (Miami)|Liberty City]], [[Little Haiti]], [[Little River (Miami)|Little River]], [[Lummus Park Historic District|Lummus Park]], [[Overtown (Miami)|Overtown]], [[Spring Garden (Miami)|Spring Garden]] and [[Wynwood]] and northern part of the [[Upper Eastside]] 
* '''Arthur Noriega – City Manager'''
* '''Victoria Méndez – City Attorney'''
* '''Todd B. Hannon – City Clerk'''

== Politics ==
For much of the 20th century, Miami and its surrounding area, [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]], were solidly [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]], reflecting the city's diverse population and liberal political leanings. However, in recent election cycles, a notable shift has occurred. The 2020 presidential election marked a turning point, with Trump making substantial gains among Hispanic voters, especially within the Cuban-American community. This shift was reflected in Miami-Dade County, where Trump only lost the county by seven points and lost the city by 19 points, a 21 point shift to the right from 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Results - Election Night Reporting |url=https://enr.electionsfl.org/DAD/2779/Summary/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=enr.electionsfl.org}}</ref> Then in the [[2022 Florida gubernatorial election]], [[Ron DeSantis]] won the county for the first time for a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidate since 2002 and only lost the city of Miami by one-and-a-half points.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Results - Election Night Reporting |url=https://enr.electionsfl.org/DAD/3267/Summary/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=enr.electionsfl.org}}</ref> That trend continued in the [[2024 United States presidential election in Florida|2024 presidential election in Florida]], with Trump winning the county by eleven points, a rare occurrence for a Republican presidential candidate. This was the first time a Republican candidate had won Miami-Dade County since [[1988 United States presidential election in Florida|1988]], a major political transformation in what had traditionally been a Democratic stronghold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=A red wave swept across Miami-Dade elections. We break down results of key races |url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/a-red-wave-swept-across-miami-dade-county-elections-we-break-down-results-of-key-races/3465284/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=NBC 6 South Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> 

==Education==
{{See also|Miami-Dade Public Library System}}

===Colleges and universities===
[[File:Florida International University.jpg|thumb|[[Florida International University]], with its main campus in nearby [[University Park, Florida|University Park]], is the largest university in [[South Florida]] and the fourth largest university by enrollment in the U.S. It is also one of Florida's primary research universities.]]
[[File:University of Miami Otto G. Richter Library.jpg|thumb|Founded in 1925, the [[University of Miami]] in nearby [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]] is Florida's top ranked private institution of higher education.]]
Miami-Dade County has over 200,000 students enrolled in local colleges and universities, placing it seventh in the nation in per capita university enrollment. In 2010, the city's four largest colleges and universities, [[Miami Dade College]], [[Florida International University]], [[University of Miami]], and [[Barry University]], graduated 28,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jobs, education and Miami-Dades future |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/04/02/2728287/jobs-education-and-miami-dades.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908025159/http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/04/02/2728287/jobs-education-and-miami-dades.html |archive-date=September 8, 2012 |access-date=April 3, 2012 |website=The Miami Herald}}</ref>

Miami is also home to both for-profit and nonprofit organizations that offer a range of professional training and other, related educational programs. [[Per Scholas|''Per'' Scholas]], for example is a nonprofit organization that offers free professional certification training directed towards successfully passing [[CompTIA]] A+ and Network+ certification exams as a route to securing jobs and building careers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=Elizabeth |date=November 10, 2010 |title=Helping Veterans Find Civilian Jobs |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11VETS.html |access-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701040154/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11VETS.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training Workers for Good Jobs |url=http://www.perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820024613/http://perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf |archive-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Building a Career Path Where There Was Just a Dead End |url=http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720181355/http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf |archive-date=July 20, 2008}}</ref>

Colleges and universities in and around Miami:
* [[Barry University]], [[Miami Shores, Florida|Miami Shores]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barry.edu/en|title=Barry University Homepage|website=Barry.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119163734/https://www.barry.edu/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Broward College]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broward.edu/|title=Broward College Official webpage|website=Broward.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106091810/https://www.broward.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Florida Atlantic University]], [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fau.edu/|title=Florida Atlantic University Homepage|website=FAU.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118235528/http://www.fau.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Florida International University]], [[University Park, Florida|University Park]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fiu.edu/|title=Florida International University Homepage|website=FIU.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118225044/https://www.fiu.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Florida Memorial University]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fmuniv.edu/|title=Florida Memorial University Website|website=fmuniv.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183540/https://www.fmuniv.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Keiser University]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keiseruniversity.edu/|title=Keiser University Homepage: At Keiser University Our Students Comes First|website=keiseruniversity.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215426/https://www.keiseruniversity.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Miami Dade College]], Miami<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mdc.edu/|title=Miami Dade College Homepage|website=MDC.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114221502/https://mdc.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Miami International University of Art & Design]]
* [[Nova Southeastern University]], [[Davie, Florida|Davie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nova.edu/|title=Nova Southeastern University Homepage|website=Nova.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183540/https://www.nova.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Palm Beach Atlantic University]], [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pba.edu/|title=Palm Beach Atlantic University Homepage|website=PBA.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119225749/https://www.pba.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Palm Beach State College]], [[Lake Worth Beach, Florida|Lake Worth Beach]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.palmbeachstate.edu/|title=Palm Beach State College Webpage|website=palmbeachstate.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119225948/https://www.palmbeachstate.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[St. Thomas University (Florida)|St. Thomas University]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stu.edu/about-stu/|title=About St Thomas University|website=STU.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110024507/https://www.stu.edu/about-stu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Southeastern College]], [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.edu/about/campuses/west-palm-beach/|title=West Palm Beach campuses – Southeastern College|website=sec.edu|date=July 2, 2015 |access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119230432/https://www.sec.edu/about/campuses/west-palm-beach/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Talmudic University|Talmudic University of Florida]], [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://talmudicu.edu/|title=Welcome to Talmudic University|website=talmidicu.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119230851/https://talmudicu.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[University of Fort Lauderdale]], [[Lauderhill, Florida|Lauderhill]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uftl.edu/|title=University of Fort Lauderdale Homepage|website=uftl.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120004802/https://uftl.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[University of Miami]], [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://welcome.miami.edu/|title=The Official website of the University of Miami|website=Miami.edu|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118211436/https://welcome.miami.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Primary and secondary schools===
{{Main|Miami-Dade County Public Schools}} 
[[File:Miami Senior High School July 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Miami Senior High School]], founded in 1903, was Miami's first high school.]]
Public schools in Miami are governed by [[Miami-Dade County Public Schools]], which is the largest school district in Florida and the fourth-largest in the United States. In September 2008 it had a student enrollment of 385,655 and over 392 schools and centers. The district is the largest minority public school system in the country, with 60% of its students being of Hispanic origin, 28% [[African American|Black]] or [[West Indian American]], 10% [[White American|White (non-Hispanic)]] and 2% non-white of other minorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami-Dade County Public Schools |url=http://www.broadprize.org/2007Miami-DadeBrief.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413172813/http://www.broadprize.org/2007Miami-DadeBrief.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 13, 2008 |access-date=April 18, 2008 |publisher=The Broad Foundation}}</ref>

The Miami city limits is home to several key high schools: [[Design and Architecture High School]], ranked seventh highest on the "Gold Medal" by list ''[[US News and World Report]]'',<ref name=USNHSlist2007>{{Cite magazine |date=November 12, 2007 |title=Gold Medal Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2007/11/29/gold-medal-schools.html |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=April 18, 2008 |archive-date=December 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231022118/http://education.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/education/high-schools/articles/2007/11/29/gold-medal-schools |url-status=live }}</ref> [[MAST Academy]], [[Coral Reef High School]], and the [[New World School of the Arts]].{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}<!--The schools certainly exist, but why are they emphasized over other schools in the Miami city limits?--> M-DCPS is also one of a few public school districts in the United States to offer optional [[bilingual education]] in Spanish, French, German, [[Haitian Creole]], and [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]].

Miami is home to several well-known Roman Catholic, Jewish and non-denominational private schools. The [[Archdiocese of Miami]] operates the area's Catholic private schools, which include [[Immaculata-Lasalle High School]] (in the Miami city limits), [[St. Theresa School (Coral Gables, Florida)|St. Theresa School]] (Coral Gables), [[Monsignor Edward Pace High School]] (Miami Gardens), and [[St. Brendan High School]] (in Westchester), among numerous other Catholic elementary and high schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stscg.org/|title=St Theresa Catholic School – Coral Gables|website=stscg.org|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130052434/https://stscg.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stbrendanhigh.org/|title=St Brendan High School Homepage|website=stbrendanhigh.org|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120211729/https://www.stbrendanhigh.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pacehs.com/|title=Monsignor Edward Pace High School webpage|website=pacehs.com|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120212138/https://www.pacehs.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School]] was in the Miami city limits until its closure in 2016.<ref>[https://thefloridacatholic.org/2017/06/22/archbishop-curley-closing-why-is-this-happening/ Archbishop Curley closing … why is this happening?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917080335/https://thefloridacatholic.org/2017/06/22/archbishop-curley-closing-why-is-this-happening/ |date=September 17, 2017 }} Ana Rodriguez-Soto. The Florida Catholic. June 22, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017</ref>

Catholic preparatory schools operated by religious orders in the area are [[Belen Jesuit Preparatory School]] (Tamiami) and [[Christopher Columbus High School (Miami-Dade County, Florida)|Christopher Columbus High School]] (Westchester) for boys and [[Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart]] (Miami city limits) and [[Our Lady of Lourdes Academy]] (Ponce-Davis) for girls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.columbushs.com/|title=Christopher Columbus High School Homepage: A Catholic School for Young Men in the Marist Tradition since 1958|website=columbushs.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=October 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017010835/https://www.columbushs.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.belenjesuit.org/|title=Belen Jesuit Preparatory School webpage|website=belenjesuit.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120003434/https://www.belenjesuit.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carrollton.org/|title=Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart Homepage|website=carrollton.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120003706/https://www.carrollton.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olla.org/|title=Our Lady of Lourdes Academy Homepage: A Quick Introduction to Lourdes Academy|website=olla.org|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120213252/https://olla.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Non-denominational private schools in Miami are [[Ransom Everglades School|Ransom Everglades]], [[Gulliver Preparatory School]], [[The Cushman]] School, and [[Miami Country Day School]]. Other schools in the area include [[Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School]], [[Dade Christian School]], [[Dawere International High School]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dame |first=Marketing Communications: Web // University of Notre |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Meet the ESTEEM startup: DAWERE // ESTEEM // University of Notre Dame |url=https://esteem.nd.edu/news/meet-the-esteem-startup-dawere/ |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=ESTEEM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawere International High School |url=https://schola.com/schools/florida/miami/virtualonline/dawere-international-high-school_270511 |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=schola.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Palmer Trinity School]], [[Westminster Christian School (Florida)|Westminster Christian School]], and [[Riviera Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wcsmiami.org/|title=Westminster Christian School Homepage|website=wcsmiami.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=December 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210010333/https://www.wcsmiami.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dadechristian.org/|title=Dade Christian School Homepage|website=Dadechristian.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119232401/https://www.dadechristian.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.palmertrinity.org/|title=Palmer Trinity School Website|website=palmertrinity.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183541/https://www.palmertrinity.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rivieraschools.com/|title=Riviera Schools Homepage|website=Rivieraschools.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183541/https://www.rivieraschools.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamicountryday.org/|title=Miami County Day School Homepage|website=miamicountryday.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=December 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211213854/https://www.miamicountryday.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulliverprep.org/|title=Gulliver Prep Homepage|website=Gulliverprep.org|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183540/https://www.gulliverprep.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Supplementary education===
The [[Miami Hoshuko]], is a [[hoshuko|part-time Japanese school]] for Japanese citizens and ethnic Japanese people in the area. Previously it was located on [[Virginia Key]], at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ortega |first=Cristina M. |date=February 16, 1997 |title=Lessons to bridge cultural differences |pages=1, 18–19 |work=[[Miami Herald]] |location=Miami, Florida}} – [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94336390/ Clipping of first] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425030348/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-for-miami-hoshuko/94336390/ |date=April 25, 2024 }} and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94336404/ of second and third pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425020310/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-for-miami-hoshuko/94336404/ |date=April 25, 2024 }} from [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> Currently the school holds classes in [[Westchester, Florida|Westchester]] and has offices in [[Doral, Florida|Doral]].<ref name="Miamihoshu">"{{Cite web |title=ホーム |url=http://www.miamihoshuko.org/ |access-date=April 30, 2014 |website=Miami Hoshuko |archive-date=May 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517155453/http://miamihoshuko.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media==
{{main|Media in Miami}}
{{see also|Film in Miami|List of newspapers in Florida|List of radio stations in Florida|List of television stations in Florida}}
[[File:Miami Herald building.jpg|thumb|The former headquarters of ''[[Miami Herald|The Miami Herald]]'' on [[Biscayne Bay]]]]
Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida after [[Tampa Bay area|Tampa Bay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Television Market Universe Estimates |url=http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317170600/http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |archive-date=March 17, 2011 |access-date=January 6, 2011 |publisher=nielsen}}</ref> Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being ''[[The Miami Herald]]''. ''[[El Nuevo Herald]]'' is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. ''The Miami Herald'' and ''El Nuevo Herald'' are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers. The papers left their longtime home in Downtown Miami in 2013. The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of [[U.S. Southern Command]] in [[Doral, Florida|Doral]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2013 |title=It's Moving Day for Miami Herald Staff, Reporters |url=http://miami.cbslocal.com/2013/05/16/its-moving-day-for-miami-herald-staff-reporters/ |access-date=July 28, 2013 |publisher=CBSMiami |archive-date=August 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812070351/http://miami.cbslocal.com/2013/05/16/its-moving-day-for-miami-herald-staff-reporters/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other major newspapers include ''[[Miami Today]]'', headquartered in Brickell, ''[[Miami New Times]]'', headquartered in [[Midtown Miami|Midtown]], ''[[Miami SunPost]]'', ''[[South Florida Business Journal]]'', and ''[[The Miami Times]]''. An additional Spanish-language newspaper, ''[[Diario Las Americas]]'' also serves Miami. Student newspapers from the local universities include the [[University of Miami]]'s ''[[The Miami Hurricane]]'', [[Florida International University]]'s ''[[The Beacon (Florida International University)|The Beacon]]'', [[Miami-Dade College]]'s ''The Metropolis'', and [[Barry University]]'s ''The Buccaneer''. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas have their own local newspapers, such as the ''Aventura News'', ''Coral Gables Tribune'', ''Biscayne Bay Tribune'', ''Biscayne Times'', and the ''Palmetto Bay News''.

A number of magazines circulate throughout the greater Miami area, including ''[[Miami Monthly]]'', Southeast Florida's only city/regional, and ''[[Ocean Drive (magazine)|Ocean Drive]]'', a hot-spot social scene glossy.

Miami is the headquarters and main production city of many of the world's largest television networks, record label companies, broadcasting companies and production facilities, such as [[Telemundo]], [[Univision]], [[Univision Communications]], [[Mega TV (American TV network)|Mega TV]], [[Universal Music Latin Entertainment]], [[RCTV International]] and [[Sunbeam Television]]. In 2009, Univision announced plans to build a new production studio in Miami, dubbed Univision Studios. Univision Studios is headquartered in Miami, and will produce programming for all of Univision Communications' television networks.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Univision Announces Launch of Univision Studios |date=December 7, 2009 |publisher=Business Wire |url=http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091207005550&newsLang=en |access-date=October 30, 2010 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004805/http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091207005550&newsLang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami is the twelfth largest radio market and the seventeenth largest television market in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Radio Markets Ranked By Metro 12+ Population, Spring 2005 |url=http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#radio |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/ |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=Northwestern University Media Management Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 TV markets ranked by households |url=http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#tv |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/ |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=Northwestern University Media Management Center}}</ref>  Television stations serving the Miami area include [[WAMI-TV|WAMI]] ([[UniMás]] [[Owned-and-operated station|O&O]]), [[WBFS-TV|WBFS]] ([[The CW]]), [[WSFL-TV|WSFL]] ([[Independent station (North America)|Independent]]), [[WFOR-TV|WFOR]] ([[CBS]] O&O), [[WHFT]] ([[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]]), [[WLTV]] ([[Univision]] O&O), [[WPLG]] ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), [[WPXM]] ([[i television network|Ion]]), [[WSCV]] ([[Telemundo]]), [[WSVN]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]), [[WTVJ]] ([[NBC]] O&O), [[WPBT]] ([[PBS]]), and [[WLRN-TV|WLRN]] (also PBS).

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in South Florida}}
{{See also|Brightline|Tri-Rail}}
In the 2016 [[American Community Survey]], 72.3% of working city of Miami residents commuted by driving alone, 8.7% carpooled, 9% used public transportation, and 3.7% walked. About 1.8% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 4.5% of working city of Miami residents worked at home.<ref name="transittable">{{Cite web |title=Means of Transportation to Work by Age |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US1245000&primary_geo_id=16000US1245000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519033026/https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US1245000&primary_geo_id=16000US1245000 |archive-date=May 19, 2018 |publisher=Census Reporter}}</ref> In 2015, 19.9% of city of Miami households were without a car, which decreased to 18.6% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Miami averaged 1.24 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |journal=Governing |access-date=May 18, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Expressways and roads===
[[File:Venetian Causeway South Beach.jpg|thumb|[[Venetian Causeway]] (left) and [[MacArthur Causeway]] (right) connect [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]].]]
[[File:A306, Skyline at twilight, Miami, Florida, USA, 2010.JPG|thumb|[[Florida State Road 886|State Road 886]], also known as Port Boulevard, connects [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown Miami]] and [[PortMiami]] over [[Biscayne Bay]].]]
Miami's road system is based along the numerical Miami grid where [[Flagler Street]] forms the east–west [[Baseline (surveying)|baseline]] and [[Miami Avenue]] forms the north–south [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]]. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown [[Macy's]] (formerly the [[Burdine's]] headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown, which is close to the coast, the "NW" and "SW" quadrants are much larger than the "SE" and "NE" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., [[Tamiami Trail|Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St]]), although, with exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.

With few exceptions, within this grid north–south roads are designated as Courts, Roads, Avenues or Places (often remembered by their acronym), while east–west roads are streets, Terraces, Drives or occasionally Ways. Major roads in each direction are located at one mile intervals. There are 16 [[City block|blocks]] to each mile on north–south avenues, and 10 blocks to each mile on east–west streets. Major north–south avenues generally end in "7" – e.g., 17th, 27th, 37th/Douglas Aves., 57th/Red Rd., 67th/Ludlam, 87th/Galloway, etc., all the way west beyond 177th/Krome Avenue. One prominent exception is 42nd Avenue, LeJeune Road, located at the half-mile point instead.

Major east–west streets to the south of Downtown are multiples of 16, though the beginning point of this system is at SW 8th St, one half-mile south of Flagler ("zeroth") Street. Thus, major streets are at 8th St., 24th St./Coral Way, 40th St./Bird, 56th/Miller, 72nd/ Sunset, 88th/N. Kendall, 104th (originally S. Kendall), 120th/Montgomery, 136th/Howard, 152nd/Coral Reef, 168th/Richmond, 184th/Eureka, 200th/Quail Roost, 216th/Hainlin Mill, 232nd/Silver Palm, 248th/Coconut Palm, etc., well into the 300s. Within the grid, odd-numbered addresses are generally on the north or east side, and even-numbered addresses are on the south or west side.

All streets and avenues in [[Miami-Dade County]] follow the Miami grid, with a few exceptions, most notably in [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[Hialeah]], Coconut Grove and [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]]. One neighborhood, [[The Roads]], is named as such because its streets run off the Miami grid at a 45-degree angle, and therefore are all named roads.

[[Miami-Dade County]] is served by four Interstate Highways ([[Interstate 75 (Florida)|I-75]], [[Interstate 95 in Florida|I-95]], [[Interstate 195 (Florida)|I-195]], [[Interstate 395 (Florida)|I-395]]) and several U.S. Highways including [[U.S. Route 1 (Florida)|U.S. Route 1]], [[U.S. Route 27 (Florida)|U.S. Route 27]], [[U.S. Route 41 (Florida)|U.S. Route 41]], and [[U.S. Route 441 (Florida)|U.S. Route 441]].

<div style="float:right;" class="right">
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Miami Causeways
|-
! Name
! Termini
! Year built
|-
|[[Rickenbacker Causeway]]
|[[Brickell]] and [[Key Biscayne, Florida|Key Biscayne]]
|1947
|-
|[[Venetian Causeway]]
|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]]
|1912–1925
|-
|[[MacArthur Causeway]]
|[[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] and [[South Beach]]
|1920
|-
|[[Julia Tuttle Causeway]]
|[[Wynwood, Miami, Florida|Wynwood]]/[[Edgewater, Miami, Florida|Edgewater]] and [[Miami Beach]]
|1959
|-
|[[Florida State Road 934|79th Street Causeway]]
|[[Upper Eastside, Miami, Florida|Upper East Side]] and [[North Beach (Miami Beach)|North Beach]]
|1929
|-
|[[Broad Causeway]]
|[[North Miami, Florida|North Miami]] and [[Bal Harbour, Florida|Bal Harbour]]
|1951
|}
</div>

Some of the major [[Florida State Roads]] (and their common names) serving Miami are:<!--these don't all serve Miami!-->
* [[State Road 112 (Florida)|SR 112]] (Airport Expressway): [[Interstate 95 in Florida|Interstate 95]] to [[Miami International Airport|MIA]]
* [[Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike]] (SR 821): [[Florida's Turnpike]] mainline (SR 91)/[[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] to [[U.S. Route 1 (Florida)|U.S. Route 1]]/[[Florida City, Florida|Florida City]]
* [[State Road 826 (Florida)|SR 826]] (Palmetto Expressway): [[Golden Glades Interchange]] to U.S. Route 1/[[Pinecrest, Florida|Pinecrest]]
* [[State Road 836 (Florida)|SR 836]] (Dolphin Expressway): Downtown to SW 137th Ave via [[Miami International Airport|MIA]]
* [[State Road 874 (Florida)|SR 874]] (Don Shula Expressway): 826/Bird Road to Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike/[[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]]
* [[State Road 878 (Florida)|SR 878]] (Snapper Creek Expressway): SR 874/[[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]] to U.S. Route 1/Pinecrest & [[South Miami, Florida|South Miami]]
* [[State Road 924 (Florida)|SR 924]] (Gratigny Parkway) [[Miami Lakes, Florida|Miami Lakes]] to [[Opa-locka, Florida|Opa-locka]]

Miami has six major [[causeway]]s that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The [[Rickenbacker Causeway]] is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to [[Virginia Key]] and [[Key Biscayne, Florida|Key Biscayne]]. The [[Venetian Causeway]] and [[MacArthur Causeway]] connect [[Greater Downtown Miami|Downtown]] with [[South Beach]]. The [[Julia Tuttle Causeway]] connects [[Midtown Miami|Midtown]] and [[Miami Beach]]. The [[Florida State Road 934|79th Street Causeway]] connects the [[Upper Eastside, Miami, Florida|Upper East Side]] with [[North Beach (Miami Beach)|North Beach]]. The northernmost causeway, the [[Broad Causeway]], is the smallest of Miami's six causeways and connects [[North Miami, Florida|North Miami]] to [[Bay Harbor Islands]] and [[Bal Harbour, Florida|Bal Harbour]].

In 2007, Miami was identified as having the rudest drivers in the United States, the second year in a row to have been cited, in a poll commissioned by automobile club AutoVantage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reaney |first=Patricia |date=May 15, 2007 |title=Miami drivers named the rudest |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSL1413867020070515 |access-date=September 2, 2007 |archive-date=September 23, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923051721/http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSL1413867020070515? |url-status=live }}</ref> Miami is also consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States for pedestrians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 2, 2004 |title=Dangerous Pedestrian Cities |work=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dangerous-pedestrian-cities/ |access-date=September 2, 2007 |archive-date=January 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125191414/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/02/national/main658846.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Public transportation===
{{See also|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)|Metromover|Miami-Dade Transit}}
[[File:Miami Metrorail Hitachi train 20190117.jpg|thumb|Miami's [[Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)|Metrorail]] is the city's [[rapid transit]] system and connects Miami with its outlying suburbs.]]
[[File:Tri Rail 616 Opa-locka Station (8439701464).jpg|thumb|[[Tri-Rail]] is Miami's [[commuter rail]] that runs north–south from Miami's suburbs in [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]] to [[Miami International Airport]].]]
[[Public transportation]] in Miami is operated by [[Miami-Dade Transit]] and [[South Florida Regional Transportation Authority|SFRTA]], and includes [[commuter rail]] ([[Tri-Rail]]), heavy-rail [[rapid transit]] ([[Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)|Metrorail]]), an elevated [[people mover]] ([[Metromover]]), and buses ([[Miami-Dade Transit#Metrobus|Metrobus]]). Miami has Florida's highest transit ridership as about 17% of Miamians use transit on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey |url=https://www.census.gov/acs/www/ |access-date=June 27, 2009 |publisher=Census.gov |archive-date=June 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625162107/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The average Miami public transit commute on weekdays is 90 minutes, while 39% of public transit riders commute for more than 2 hours a day. The average wait time at a public transit stop or station is 18 minutes, while 37% of riders wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. The average single trip distance with public transit is {{convert|7.46|mi|km|0|abbr=on}}, while 38% travel more than {{convert|8.08|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} in each direction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and usage statistics about public transit in Miami, US |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_USA_Miami_FL-742 |access-date=June 19, 2017 |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180631/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_USA_Miami_FL-742 |url-status=live }} [[File:CC BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>

Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, [[Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)|Metrorail]], is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a {{convert|24.4|mi|km|adj=on}}-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of [[Hialeah, Florida|Hialeah]], [[Medley, Florida|Medley]], and inner-city Miami with suburban [[The Roads]], [[Coconut Grove]], [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[South Miami]], and urban [[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]] via the central business districts of [[Miami International Airport]], the [[Health District (Miami)|Health District]], and Downtown. A free, elevated [[people mover]], [[Metromover]], operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamidade.gov/global/transportation/metrorail.page|title=Metrorail Information|website=Miamidade.gov|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=December 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206145302/https://www.miamidade.gov/global/transportation/metrorail.page|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Tri-Rail]], a commuter rail system operated by the [[South Florida Regional Transportation Authority]] (SFRTA), runs from [[Miami International Airport]] northward to [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]], making eighteen stops throughout [[Miami-Dade County|Miami-Dade]], [[Broward County|Broward]], and [[Palm Beach County|Palm Beach]] counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tri-rail.com/|title=Tri-Rail Homepage|website=tri-rail.com|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120183540/https://www.tri-rail.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Miami Intermodal Center]] is a massive transportation hub servicing [[Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)|Metrorail]], [[Amtrak]], [[Tri-Rail]], [[Brightline]], [[Miami-Dade Transit#Metrobus|Metrobus]], [[Greyhound Lines]], [[Taxicab|taxis]], [[rental cars]], [[MIA Mover]], private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Miami Intermodal Center was completed in 2010, and is serving about 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of [[MiamiCentral]] Station was completed in 2012, and the Tri-Rail part of Phase II was completed in 2015, but the construction of the Amtrak part remains delayed.

Two new light rail systems, Baylink and the Miami Streetcar, have been proposed and are currently in the planning stage. BayLink would connect Downtown with [[South Beach]], and the Miami Streetcar would connect Downtown with [[Midtown Miami|Midtown]].

Miami is the southern terminus of [[Amtrak]]'s Atlantic Coast services, running two lines, the [[Silver Meteor]] and the [[Silver Star (Amtrak train)|Silver Star]], both terminating in New York City. The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of [[Hialeah]] near the [[Tri-Rail and Metrorail transfer station|Tri-Rail/Metrorail Station]] on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave. Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with [[Miami Metrorail|Metrorail]], [[MIA Mover]], [[Tri-Rail]], [[Miami International Airport]], and the [[Miami Intermodal Center]] all within the same station closer to Downtown. The station was expected to be completed by 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Projects: Miami Central Station |url=http://www.micdot.com/miami_central_station.html |access-date=October 30, 2010 |website=Miami Intermodal Center |publisher=Micdot.com |archive-date=February 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212114414/http://www.micdot.com/miami_central_station.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but experienced several delays and was later expected to be completed in late 2014,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami airport transit hub on the way to bringing planes, trains, automobiles under one roof |work=Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/25/4137303/miami-airport-transit-hub-on-the.html |access-date=August 28, 2014 |archive-date=May 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526024921/http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/25/4137303/miami-airport-transit-hub-on-the.html |url-status=live }}</ref> again pushed back to early 2015.<ref name="MICjanuary">{{Cite web |last=Turnbell |first=Michael |date=October 15, 2014 |title=Tri-Rail station at Miami airport delayed until January |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-tri-rail-miami-airport-20141015-story.html |access-date=October 30, 2014 |website=Sun Sentinel |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031055324/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-tri-rail-miami-airport-20141015-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Airports===
{{See also|Miami International Airport|Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport|Palm Beach International Airport}}
[[File:Miami International Airport (KMIA-MIA) (8204606870).jpg|thumb|[[Miami International Airport]], the nation's 10th-largest airport]]
[[Miami International Airport]] serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world because of its centric location, Miami International Airport caters to over 45&nbsp;million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the largest international gateway for [[American Airlines]].<ref name="miami-airport.com">{{Cite web |title=The official website of the Miami International Airport |url=https://www.miami-airport.com/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=[[Miami International Airport]] |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023022256/https://miami-airport.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami International is the second busiest airport by passenger traffic in Florida, the United States' third-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers, behind New York's [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] and [[Los Angeles International Airport]]. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and [[South America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and the [[Middle East]].<ref name="miami-airport.com"/>

Nearby [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport]] and [[Palm Beach International Airport]] also serve commercial traffic in the Miami area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southwest Airlines Cities |url=http://www.southwest.com/travel_center/routemap.html |access-date=October 30, 2008 |website=Southwest Airlines |archive-date=September 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919010027/http://www.southwest.com/travel_center/routemap.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport]] in [[Opa-locka, Florida|Opa-locka]] and [[Miami Executive Airport]] in an unincorporated area southwest of Miami serve general aviation traffic in the Miami area.

===Cycling and walking===
The city government under former mayor [[Manny Diaz (Florida politician)|Manny Diaz]] took an ambitious stance in support of [[bicycling]] in Miami for both recreation and commuting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cycling and walking |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/1460/story/1263994.html |access-date=October 7, 2009 |website=miamiherald.com |publisher=Miami Herald}}</ref> In 2010, Miami was ranked as the 44th-most bike-friendly city in the U.S., according to ''[[Bicycling Magazine]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 2010 |title=Miami becoming more bike friendly {{pipe}} South Florida Business Journal |publisher=Southflorida.bizjournals.com |url=http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2010/04/05/daily16.html |access-date=October 30, 2010 |archive-date=April 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412050525/http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2010/04/05/daily16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A 2011 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Miami the eighth-most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Walk Score |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804175531/http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Public safety===
{{Main|Miami Fire-Rescue Department|Miami Police Department}}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of sister cities in Florida}}

===Sister cities===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Agadir]], Morocco (since 1995) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agadir Maroc, Présentation de la ville d'agadir: Histoire, économie, géographie et cultures &#124; Agadirnet |url=http://www.agadirnet.com/agadir-maroc/presentation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229174012/http://www.agadirnet.com/agadir-maroc/presentation/ |archive-date=December 29, 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|MAR}} [[El Jadida]], Morocco (since 1995)
*{{flagicon|COL}} [[Barranquilla]], Colombia (since 2015)<ref name="sister2">{{Cite web |title=Mayor Noguera signs a sisterhood agreement with Miami (Spanish) |date=June 2015 |url=https://www.elheraldo.co/barranquilla/alcaldesa-noguera-firma-convenio-de-hermandad-con-miami-197628 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |publisher=El Heraldo |archive-date=July 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712054624/https://www.elheraldo.co/barranquilla/alcaldesa-noguera-firma-convenio-de-hermandad-con-miami-197628 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogotá]], Colombia (since 1971)<ref name=sister>{{Cite web |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526222509/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=May 26, 2007 |access-date=July 13, 2007 |publisher=City of Miami}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina (since 1979)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kagoshima]], Japan (since 1990)<ref name=sister/><ref name="Kagoshima twinnings">{{Cite web |script-title=ja:姉妹・友好・兄弟都市 |trans-title=Sister cities |url=http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/_1010/shimin/7siseijouhou/7-8kouryu/7-8-1simaitosi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195754/http://www.city.kagoshima.lg.jp/_1010/shimin/7siseijouhou/7-8kouryu/7-8-1simaitosi.html |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |access-date=August 8, 2013 |publisher=Kagoshima International Affairs Division |language=ja}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ROC}} [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan (since 1987) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan Headlines |url=http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=79204&CtNode=47 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061428/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=79204&CtNode=47 |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], Peru (since 1977)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madrid]], Spain (since 2014)<ref name=sister/><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 23, 2014 |title=Madrid and Miami sign up as twin towns |publisher=latino foxnews |url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/06/23/madrid-and-miami-sign-up-as-twin-towns/ |url-status=dead |access-date=July 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213930/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/06/23/madrid-and-miami-sign-up-as-twin-towns/ |archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Murcia]], Spain (since 1993) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Murcia, Spain, Wants to Boost Ties with Sister City Miami.(Originated from the Miami Herald) &#124; Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-5545315.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181025/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-5545315.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]], France (since 1986) <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 7, 1986 |title=Clipped from the Miami Herald |page=63 |work=The Miami Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84994351/the-miami-herald/ |access-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129080918/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84994351/the-miami-herald/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Palermo]], Italy (since 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sister Cities:Miami Florida, Palermo Italy |url=http://sister-cities.org/sites/default/files/Miami,%20FL-Palermo,%20Italy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143701/http://sister-cities.org/sites/default/files/Miami%2C%20FL-Palermo%2C%20Italy.pdf |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2015}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Qingdao]], China (since 2005)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil (since 2006)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|SLV}} [[San Salvador]], El Salvador (since 1991)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Santiago]], Chile (since 1986)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Santo Domingo]], Dominican Republic (since 1987)<ref name=sister/>
*{{flagicon|BRI}} [[Southampton]], United Kingdom (since 2019)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Southampton and Miami, Florida become sister cities at ceremonial signing event |publisher=Southampton City Council |url=https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm:63-412460 |access-date=June 14, 2019 |archive-date=February 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210202121/https://www.southampton.gov.uk/news/article.aspx?id=tcm%3A63-412460 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===Cooperation agreements===
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], Portugal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns |url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |publisher=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities] |language=pt |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship |url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |publisher=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=pt}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Yeruham]], Israel<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miami-Yerucham Partnership |publisher=Greater Miami Jewish Federation |url=http://jewishmiami.org/about/departments/israel_overseas/miami-yerucham_partnership/?mobile=1 |access-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Miami}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Elizabeth M. Aranda, Sallie Hughes, and Elena Sabogal, ''Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami: Immigration and the Rise of a Global City.'' Boulder, Colorado: Renner, 2014.

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Miami|voy=Miami}}
* [http://www.miami.gov/ City of Miami&nbsp;– official site]
* [http://www.gmcvb.com Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau]

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