Editing Millwall

{{Short description|Area of the Isle of Dogs in London, England}}
{{for|the football team|Millwall F.C.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{infobox UK place
| official_name            = Millwall
| map_type                 = London
| region                   = London
| country                  = England
| london_borough           = Tower Hamlets
| static_image_name        = Millwall Dock.jpg
| static_image_caption     = The [[Millwall Dock]] at night
| coordinates              = {{coord|51|29|20|N|00|01|12|W|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference        = TQ375785
| constituency_westminster = [[Poplar and Limehouse (UK Parliament constituency)|Poplar and Limehouse]]
| post_town                = LONDON
| postcode_area            = E
| postcode_district        = E14
| dial_code                = 020
}} 
'''Millwall''' is a district on the western and southern side of the [[Isle of Dogs]], in east [[London]], England, in the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]]. It lies to the immediate south of [[Canary Wharf]] and [[Poplar, London|Poplar]], north of [[Greenwich]] and [[Deptford]], east of [[Rotherhithe]], west of [[Cubitt Town]], and has a long shoreline along London's [[Tideway]], part of the [[River Thames]]. It was part of the [[Middlesex|County of Middlesex]] and from 1889, following the passing of the [[Local Government Act 1888]], the [[County of London]]; it later became part of [[Greater London]] in 1965.

Millwall had a population of 23,084 in 2011 and includes [[Island Gardens]], [[The Quarterdeck]] and [[The Space (theatre)|The Space]].

==History==
[[File:Poplar Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg|thumb|A map showing the Millwall ward of Poplar Metropolitan Borough as it appeared in 1916.]]
Millwall is a smaller area of land than an average [[parish]], as it was part of [[Poplar, London|Poplar]] until the 19th century when it became heavily industrialised, containing the workplaces and homes of a few thousand dockside and shipbuilding workers. Among its factories were the shipbuilding ironworks of [[William Fairbairn]], much of which survives as today's [[Burrells Wharf]]. It was in this era also that [[Millwall F.C.]] was founded, in 1885, as Millwall Rovers.<ref name="Lindsay8">{{Cite book |title=Millwall: A Complete Record, 1885–1991 |last=Lindsay |page=8}}</ref> First nicknamed 'the [[Stevedore|Docker]]s' before becoming 'the Lions', the team moved south of the river to [[New Cross]] in 1910, however a set of amateur football pitches remain, adjoining [[Cubitt Town]] alongside the City Farm that was added in the 20th century.<ref name="Millwall Official History">{{cite web |title=Millwall History |url=http://www.millwallfc.co.uk/club/history/ |work=Millwall Football Club |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001154410/http://www.millwallfc.co.uk/club/history/ |archive-date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Millwall origins">{{cite web |title=Millwall origins |url=http://www.millwall-history.co.uk/origins.htm |work=The Millwall History Files |access-date=28 August 2010 |archive-date=13 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110045/http://www.millwall-history.co.uk/origins.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Originally known as ''Marshwall'', the area acquired its new name with its breakaway from its former [[parish]] of Poplar. The replacement was due to the large number of [[windmill]]s built on the river wall in the 18th century.[[File:View of Millwall in 1733.jpg|thumb|View of Millwall, London in 1733]] Improvements led by the Lord Mayor [[William Cubitt (politician)|William Cubitt]] in reinforcing the land solved the periodic flooding caused by major snow melt and [[spring tide]]s. Corn and wheat were brought along the [[River Thames]] to be ground into flour there.

On 31 January 1858, the largest ship of that time, the [[SS Great Eastern|SS ''Great Eastern'']], designed by [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]], was launched from [[Napier Yard, Millwall|Napier Yard]], the [[shipyard]] leased by [[Millwall Iron Works|Messrs J Scott Russell & Co]]. The 211 metre (692&nbsp;ft) length was too wide for the river, and the ship had to be launched sideways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.61/chapterId/1225/The-Great-Eastern-as-a-passenger-liner.html |title=Port Cities London - "Building the Great Eastern" |access-date=17 Apr 2007 |archive-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211185829/http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.61/chapterId/1225/The-Great-Eastern-as-a-passenger-liner.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A section of the concrete and timber substructure from the launch site is now preserved on-site for public display at the modern Napier Avenue. Due to the technical difficulties of the launch, this was the last ship of such a size to be built on the island, though other builders such as [[Alfred Yarrow|Yarrows]] and [[Samuda Brothers]] continued building warships on the island for another 50 years. They are commemorated in the names of the Samuda Estate on Manchester Road, and Yarrow House on Stewart Street.

[[File:SS Great Eastern launch ramp.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Some of the concrete and timber sub-structure of ''Great Eastern's'' launch ramp.]]
In the 1860s the large [[Millwall Dock]] was built, extending from the Thames at Millwall into the centre of the Isle of Dogs. The spoil from the dock was left as the [[Mudchute]].

During the 19th century, the area now called ''[[Island Gardens]]'' was referred to as ''[[North Greenwich, Isle of Dogs|North Greenwich]]'', for the [[North Greenwich railway station]] that was opened in 1872 to connect with the ferry that was the forerunner of the [[Greenwich foot tunnel]]. The [[Greenwich peninsula]], previously East Greenwich, is now also known by this epithet for the [[North Greenwich tube station]].<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=46507 ''The Isle of Dogs: Introduction'', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs (1994), pp. 375-87] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234727/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=46507 |date=27 September 2007 }} accessed: 13 July 2007</ref>

Like other parts of the [[Isle of Dogs]], substantial redevelopment has been more or less ongoing since the 1980s, resulting in modern industrial and commercial buildings and hastily constructed contemporary housing beginning to predominate over the remaining early 20th century "two up, two down" semi-detached and terraced homes that housed the dock workers, often overcrowded with occupants. The loss of the docks, the [[The Blitz|German campaign of bombings]] in the area, and the gradual disappearance of the manufacturing and distribution industries led to a fall in population during the mid-20th century and ongoing problems for local workers who relied on shipping and manufacturing for employment.

The post-World War II period saw the area become a focus of regeneration programmes on the former industrial land in Millwall. Initially led by [[Metropolitan Borough of Poplar|Poplar Borough Council]] (eventually absorbed into [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]]) and [[London County Council]], regeneration efforts focused on council house building until the 1980s when the [[London Docklands Development Corporation]] was created and development shifted to private, even luxury, office and residential buildings. During this period the area's population increased significantly following the above-mentioned mid-century drop.

The area is home to a number of [[Public housing in the United Kingdom|council estates]] including West Ferry Estate, Millwall Estate, Masthouse Terrace, Herperus Crescent Estate and Chapel House Street Estate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp489-494 |title=Southern Millwall: Public Housing in Southern Millwall {{!}} British History Online |website=British-history.ac.uk |access-date=2019-12-11 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211083318/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp489-494 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Barkantine Estate]], commissioned by the [[London County Council]] with the first section opened in 1968, dominates a swathe of the northern section of Millwall.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp446-451 |title=Northern Millwall: Public housing in Northern Millwall {{!}} British History Online |website=British-history.ac.uk |access-date=2019-12-11 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518070209/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp446-451 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Sport==
Millwall is most famous for its football club, [[Millwall F.C.]], founded in 1885 as Millwall Rovers.<ref name="Lindsay8"/> Nicknamed [[Stevedore|The Dockers]] (now known as The Lions), the team moved south of the river to [[New Cross]] in 1910.<ref name="Millwall Official History"/><ref name="Millwall origins"/> Occupying four separate grounds on the [[Isle of Dogs]] in the 25 years since its formation as a football club, they now play in [[Bermondsey]] and retain the name Millwall despite not having played in the Millwall area for more than 100 years.<ref name="Lindsay3233">{{Cite book |title=Millwall: A Complete Record, 1885–1991 |last=Lindsay |pages=32–33}}</ref>

Millwall Rugby Club was formed in 1995. The first team plays in the [[Essex]] Division 1 league and the seconds are in the Essex Merit Table (Division 2), while the thirds are playing in the Merit Table (Division 5), having won Division 6 last season. They now also have women's rugby - the Millwall Venus girls - and a youth section for boys and girls from eight years old.

The Docklands Sailing and Watersports Centre is located at the far west end of the dock where the dock previously connected to the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeout.com/london/sport-fitness/docklands-sailing-and-watersports-centre |title=Docklands Sailing and Watersports Centre |publisher=Time Out |date=30 April 2005 |website=www.timeout.com |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=11 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211014321/http://www.timeout.com/london/sport-fitness/docklands-sailing-and-watersports-centre |url-status=live }}</ref> It was set up in 1989 by the [[London Docklands Development Corporation]] and the Sports Council at a cost of £1.2 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hyde |first=John |date=27 August 2008 |title=Beijing success brings boost to sailing centre |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/beijing_success_brings_boost_to_sailing_centre_1_618574 |location=London |website=Edp24.co.uk |access-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212013554/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/beijing_success_brings_boost_to_sailing_centre_1_618574 |archive-date=12 December 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Politics==
Millwall gained some notoriety when, in a [[1993 Millwall by-election|council by-election in 1993]], [[Derek Beackon]] won the [[British National Party]]'s first council seat there. After a major anti-fascist campaign, the BNP lost the seat at the following full council election.

In September 2004, Tower Hamlets' [[RESPECT The Unity Coalition|Respect]] party fought its second council election in the borough, standing local activist Paul McGarr. In this previously 'solid' [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] seat, Labour were pushed into third place, and the local [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative party]] took its first ever seat on Tower Hamlets council. In the [[2006 United Kingdom local elections|2006 local elections]], the Conservatives took all three seats, defeating former MP [[Alan Amos]].

The Millwall ward was subsequently abolished in 2014, largely replaced by the new wards of Canary Wharf and Island Gardens. These retained the Conservative leanings of the old Millwall ward, and as of 2018 they each have one Conservative and one Labour councillor. These are the only two Conservative councillors on Tower Hamlets council.

==Demographics==
[[White British]] people comprise 31% of the population of the Millwall ward of the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]]. This is followed by [[Other White]] people (19.9%) and [[Bangladeshis]] (14.6%).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Borough_statistics/Ward_profiles/MW-Ward-Profile.pdf |title=Millwall Ward Profile |website=Towerhamlets.gov.uk |access-date=9 July 2022 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020103139/https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Borough_statistics/Ward_profiles/MW-Ward-Profile.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

45.1% of people living in Millwall were born in England, with a number of other countries represented including [[Bangladesh]] (6.8%), [[India]] (4.7%), and [[China]] (4.3%).<ref name="localstats1">{{cite web |url=http://millwall.localstats.co.uk/census-demographics/england/london/tower-hamlets/millwall |title=Millwall Demographics (Tower Hamlets, England) |publisher=Millwall.localstats.co.uk |access-date=2019-12-09 |archive-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209132045/http://millwall.localstats.co.uk/census-demographics/england/london/tower-hamlets/millwall |url-status=live }}</ref>

The religious make up of Millwall is 32.1% [[Christians|Christian]], 22.0% No religion, 18.0% [[Muslim]], 4.9% [[Hindu]], 1.9% [[Buddhist]], 0.4% [[Sikh]], and 0.4% [[Jewish]].<ref name="localstats1"/>

The gender balance in Millwall is 53% male and 47% female.<ref name="localstats1"/>

==Amenities==
[[File:Millwall London June 2016 002.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Millwall skyline from the Thames (2016)]]
[[File:Island Gardens.jpg|thumb|left|Island Gardens (New Years Day 2008)]]
The historical [[Island Gardens]], opened on 3 August 1895 by local politician [[Will Crooks]], is located almost in front of the former [[Greenwich Hospital, London|Greenwich Hospital]], the [[Cutty Sark]], [[National Maritime Museum]] and [[Greenwich Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/island_gardens.aspx |title=Tower Hamlets Council > Island Gardens |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Tower Hamlets Council |access-date=25 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927121316/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/island_gardens.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Landmarks===
The Ferry House is a [[public house|pub]] on Ferry Street has existed since the [[Tudor period]] (1485–1603). The present building dates from 1822, and was used as a [[drinking establishment]] by ferry passengers to and from Greenwich until the opening of the [[Greenwich foot tunnel]] in 1902.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/leisure_and_culture/local_attractions/discover_tower_hamlets/eating_and_drinking/isle_of_dogs.aspx |title=Isle of Dogs |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410072019/https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/leisure_and_culture/local_attractions/discover_tower_hamlets/eating_and_drinking/isle_of_dogs.aspx |archive-date=10 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Ship Inn pub was built in 1835, it is thought by two houses merge into a public house, it has been a pub all its history and is next to [[Burrells Wharf]], where during his time there [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]] may have frequented The Ship. Today it is run by a local, independently run business.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theshipcanarywharf.co.uk/ |title=The Ship Inn Home |publisher=Theshipcanarywharf.co.uk |access-date=2019-12-09 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518083641/https://www.theshipcanarywharf.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The decision to proceed with the large [[Barkantine Estate]] housing estate development was made in March 1965, with first block being opened in 1968,<ref name="F&R">{{cite web |title=The Fall and Rise of the Isle of Dogs |url=https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/2014/01/02/the-fall-and-rise-of-the-isle-of-dogs/ |website=Isle of Dogs - Past Life, Past Lives |access-date=30 October 2018 |date=2 January 2014 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170655/https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/2014/01/02/the-fall-and-rise-of-the-isle-of-dogs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and originally consisted of 634 dwellings.<ref name="Survey of London">{{cite web |title=Northern Millwall: Public housing in Northern Millwall {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp446-451 |website=British-history.ac.uk |publisher=LCC |access-date=30 October 2018 |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031005210/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp446-451 |url-status=live }}</ref> It included a pedestrianized shopping [[promenade]] called The Quarterdeck,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.citystyle.london/property/2186/ |title=One Housing &#124; Homepage |publisher=Citystyle.london |date=2019-03-31 |access-date=2019-12-09 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517161702/https://www.citystyle.london/property/2186/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a pub called the Tooke Arms, relocated and rebuilt at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mick Lemmerman |url=https://www.islandhistory.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/tooketimes/amp/ |title=Tooke Times – Isle of Dogs – Past Life, Past Lives |publisher=Islandhistory.wordpress.com |date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2019-12-09 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517162210/https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/tooketimes/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ideastore.co.uk/digital-gallery/view/1559 |title='The Tooke Arms' Westferry Road 1920s |publisher=Idea Store |access-date=2019-12-09 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517162303/https://www.ideastore.co.uk/digital-gallery/view/1559 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Space is located inside a former Presbyterian church that was built in 1859 for the Scottish Presbyterian congregation who had migrated to the Isle of Dogs to work in the shipyards, which was designed by [[Thomas Knightley]].<ref name=space>{{cite web |last1=Pilcher |first1=Steven J |title=History |url=https://space.org.uk/about/history-2/ |website=The Space |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222165046/https://space.org.uk/about/history-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Industry==
A large site on the north side of [[Millwall Dock]] Outer Dock was occupied by the West Ferry Printing Works, the largest newspaper print works in Western Europe.<ref>[http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article1021332.ece ''Times Online''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612043251/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article1021332.ece |date=12 June 2011 }}, 15 February 2004, ''Desmond's double whammy'', says "Westferry is the biggest printing works in western Europe."</ref>

==Education==
{{main|List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets}}

==Transport==
[[South Quay DLR station|South Quay]], [[Crossharbour DLR station|Crossharbour]]. [[Mudchute DLR station|Mudchute]] and [[Island Gardens DLR station|Island Gardens]] on the [[Docklands Light Railway]], and [[Canary Wharf tube station|Canary Wharf]] on the [[London Underground]] with the [[Jubilee line]] serving the nearby [[Canary Wharf]] estate.

[[London Buses|Bus]] routes [[London Buses route 135|135]], [[London Buses route 277|277]], [[London Buses route D7|D7]], [[London Buses route D8|D8]], [[London Buses route N550|N550]] all operate within the area.

The nearest pier is [[Masthouse Terrace Pier]] for [[London River Services]].

Millwall is connected to the [[Roads in the United Kingdom|National Road Network]] by the north-south Westferry Road [[A1206 road (Great Britain)|A1206]].

On the north bank of the [[River Thames]] is the [[National Trail]] [[Thames Path]] for both cyclists and walkers, and the [[National Cycle Route 1]] on the [[National Cycle Network]], running from [[Dover]] to [[Shetland]].

==See also==
{{commons category|Millwall}}
*[http://www.millwallrugby.com Millwall Rugby Football Club]
*[[Millwall brick]]
*[[1996 Docklands bombing]]
*[[Canary Wharf]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{LB Tower Hamlets}}

[[Category:Millwall| ]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Port of London]]
[[Category:Districts of London on the River Thames]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]