Editing Mobile browser

{{short description|Web browser designed for use on mobile devices}}
[[File:Wikipedia on iPhone.jpg|thumb|240x240px|A [[Wikipedia]] page on an Apple iPhone 2G displayed on the Safari web browser]]
A '''mobile browser''' is a [[web browser]] designed for use on a [[mobile device]] such as a [[mobile phone]], [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]], [[smartphone]], or [[tablet computer|tablet]]. Mobile browsers are optimized to display web content most effectively on small screens on portable devices. Some mobile browsers, especially older versions, are designed to be small and efficient to accommodate the low memory capacity and low bandwidth of certain wireless handheld devices. Traditional smaller [[feature phone]]s use stripped-down mobile web browsers; however, most current smartphones have full-fledged browsers that can handle the latest web technologies, such as [[CSS 3]], [[JavaScript]], and [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]].

Websites designed to be usable in mobile browsers may be collectively referred to as the [[mobile web]]. Today, over 75% of websites are "mobile friendly",{{cn|date=December 2022}} by detecting when a request comes from a mobile device and automatically creating a "mobile" version of the page, designed to fit the device's screen and be usable with a touch interface.

==Underlying technology==
The mobile browser usually connects via the [[cellular network]], or increasingly via [[Wireless LAN]], using standard [[HTTP]] over [[TCP/IP]] and displays web pages written in [[HTML]]. Historically, early feature phones were restricted to only displaying pages specifically designed for mobile use, written in [[XHTML Mobile Profile]] ([[WAP 2.0]]), or [[Wireless Markup Language|WML]] (which evolved from [[Handheld Device Markup Language|HDML]]). WML and HDML are stripped-down formats suitable for transmission across limited bandwidth, and wireless data connection called [[Wireless Application Protocol|WAP]]. In Japan, DoCoMo defined the [[i-mode]] service based on i-mode HTML, which is an extension of Compact HTML (C-HTML), a simple subset of HTML.

WAP 2.0 specifies XHTML Mobile Profile plus WAP CSS, subsets of the W3C's standard XHTML and CSS with minor mobile extensions.

Smartphone mobile browsers are full-featured Web browsers capable of HTML, [[CSS]], [[ECMAScript]], as well as mobile technologies such as WML, i-mode HTML, or cHTML.
To accommodate small screens, they use [[Post-WIMP]] interfaces.

==History==
The first mobile browser for a PDA was PocketWeb<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0169-7552(95)00093-6|title = PDAs as mobile WWW browsers|year = 1995|last1 = Gessler|first1 = Stefan|last2 = Kotulla|first2 = Andreas|journal = Computer Networks and Isdn Systems|volume = 28|issue = 1–2|pages = 53–59}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |doi = 10.1007/BFb0000360|chapter = Multimedia client implementation on Personal Digital Assistants|title = Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services|volume = 1309|pages = 283–295|series = Lecture Notes in Computer Science|year = 1997|last1 = Lauff|first1 = Markus|last2 = Gellersen|first2 = Hans-Werner|isbn = 978-3-540-63519-2|citeseerx = 10.1.1.6.6059}}</ref> for the [[Apple Newton]] created at [[Telecooperation Office|TecO]] in 1994, followed by the first commercial product NetHopper released in August 1996.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 1996 |title=''NetHopper 2.0'': First true web browser for Newton |url=http://www.pencomputing.com/archive/PCM_11/nethopper.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611122918/http://www.pencomputing.com/archive/PCM_11/nethopper.html |archive-date=June 11, 2011 |access-date=October 13, 2009 |publisher=Pen Computing Magazine}}</ref>

The so-called "microbrowser" technologies such as WAP, NTTDocomo's i-mode platform and [[Openwave]]'s HDML platform fueled the first wave of interest in wireless data services.

The first deployment of a mobile browser on a mobile phone was probably in 1997 when Unwired Planet (later to become Openwave) put their "UP.Browser" on [[American Telephone & Telegraph|AT&T]] handsets to give users access to HDML content.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=About Us |url=http://owmobility.com/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315055353/http://owmobility.com/about-us |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |access-date=June 8, 2016 |publisher=Openwave Mobility}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1997 |title=The Weather Underground brings weather service to mobile phone user |url=http://www.wunderground.com/about/pr/news.asp?date=19970513 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606185810/http://www.wunderground.com/about/pr/news.asp?date=19970513 |archive-date=June 6, 2009 |access-date=February 26, 2009 |publisher=The Weather Underground}}</ref>

A British company, [[STNC]] Ltd., developed a mobile browser (HitchHiker) in 1997 that was intended to present the entire device UI. The demonstration platform for this mobile browser (Webwalker) had 1 [[Million instructions per second|MIPS]] total processing power. This was a single core platform, running the GSM stack on the same processor as the application stack. In 1999 STNC was acquired by [[Microsoft]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Jul99/STNCpr.mspx |title=Microsoft Acquires STNC, a Leader in Digital Cellular Software |publisher=Microsoft |date=21 July 1999 |access-date=14 April 2011 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513182941/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Jul99/STNCpr.mspx |archive-date=13 May 2011 }}</ref> and HitchHiker became Microsoft Mobile Explorer 2.0,<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Dec99/MobileExplorerPR.mspx |title=Microsoft Introduces Microsoft Mobile Explorer |publisher=Microsoft |date=8 December 1999 |access-date=14 April 2011 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114001316/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Dec99/MobileExplorerPR.mspx |archive-date=14 November 2010 }}</ref> not related to the primitive Microsoft Mobile Explorer 1.0. HitchHiker is believed to be the first mobile browser with a unified rendering model, handling HTML and WAP along with ECMAScript, [[WMLScript]], [[POP3]] and [[IMAP]] mail in a single client. Although it was not used, it was possible to combine HTML and WAP in the same pages although this would render the pages invalid for any other device. Mobile Explorer 2.0 was available on the Benefon Q, Sony CMD-Z5, CMD-J5, CMD-MZ5, CMD-J6, CMD-Z7, CMD-J7 and CMD-J70. With the addition of a messaging kernel and a driver model, this was powerful enough to be the operating system for certain embedded devices. One such device was the Amstrad [[e-m@iler]]<ref>{{cite web |date=5 October 2002 |title=The previous e-m@iler... |url=http://www.amstrad.com/emailer.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209150511/http://www.amstrad.com/emailer.html |archive-date=9 February 2006 |website=Amstrad}}</ref> and e-m@iler 2. This code formed the basis for MME3.

Multiple companies offered browsers for the Palm OS platform. The first HTML browser for Palm OS 1.0 was HandWeb by Smartcode software, released in 1997. HandWeb included its own TCP/IP stack, and Smartcode was acquired by [[Palm, Inc.|Palm]] in 1999. Mobile browsers for the Palm OS platform multiplied after the release of Palm OS 2.0, which included a TCP/IP stack. A freeware (although later shareware) browser for the Palm OS was Palmscape, written in 1998 by Kazuho Oku in Japan, who went on to found [[Ilinx]]. It was still in limited use as late as 2003. [[Qualcomm]] also developed the Eudora Web browser, and launched it with the Palm OS based QCP smartphone. ProxiWeb<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~iang/pubs/wingman.pdf|title=Experience With Top Gun Wingman: A Proxy-Based Graphical Web Browser for the 3Com PalmPilot|website=uwaterloo.ca|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> was a proxy-based Web browsing solution, developed by [[Ian Goldberg]] and others<ref>{{cite web |title=About Top Gun Wingman |url=http://daedalus.cs.berkeley.edu/software/wingman/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505135328/http://daedalus.cs.berkeley.edu/software/wingman/index.html |archive-date=May 5, 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=The University of California, Berkeley BARWAN Research Project CDROM}}</ref> at the University of California, Berkeley and later acquired by PumaTech.

Released in 2001, Mobile Explorer 3.0 added iMode compatibility (cHTML) plus numerous proprietary schemes.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2001/feb01/02-19mmepr.mspx |title=Microsoft Mobile Explorer 3.0 Provides Tomorrow's WAP 2.0 Functionality Today |publisher=Microsoft |date=19 February 2001 |access-date=14 April 2011 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401232319/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2001/feb01/02-19mmepr.mspx |archive-date=1 April 2011 }}</ref> By imaginatively combining these proprietary schemes with WAP protocols, MME3.0 implemented OTA database synchronisation, [[push email]], push information clients (not unlike a 'Today Screen') and PIM functionality. The cancelled Sony Ericsson CMD-Z700 was to feature heavy integration with MME3.0. Although Mobile Explorer was ahead of its time in the mobile phone space, development was stopped in 2002.

Also in 2002, Palm, Inc. offered Web Pro on Tungsten PDAs based upon a [[Novarra]] browser. PalmSource offered a competing Web browser based on [[Access Co.|Access]] [[NetFront]].

[[Opera software]] pioneered with its [[Small Screen Rendering]] and Medium Screen Rendering technology. The [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] web browser is able to reformat regular web pages for optimal fit on small screens and medium-sized (PDA) screens. It was also the first widely available mobile browser to support [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] and the first mobile browser to pass the [[Acid2]] test.

Distinct from a mobile browser is a web-based emulator, which uses a "Virtual Handset" to display WAP pages on a computer screen, implemented either in Java or as an HTML transcoder.

==Popular mobile browsers==
The following are some of the more popular mobile browsers. Some mobile browsers are really miniaturized web browsers, so some mobile device providers also provide browsers for [[desktop computer|desktop]] and [[laptop]] computers.
{|class="sortable wikitable

|+ Usage share of mobile (smartphone and tablet) browsers
|- class="unsortable"
! scope="col" | Source
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | [[Android (operating system)|Android<br>Browser]]
! scope="col" | [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]
! scope="col" | [[Internet Explorer|Internet<br>Explorer]]
! scope="col" | [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
! scope="col" | [[Opera Mini]]
! scope="col" | [[UC Browser|UC<br>Browser]]
! scope="col" | [[Samsung Internet|Samsung<br>Internet]]
! scope="col" | Huawei<br>Browser
|-
!scope="row" | [[StatCounter]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Top 9 Mobile & Tablet Browsers |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/#mobile+tablet-browser-ww-monthly-202205-202205-bar |access-date= |website=StatCounter Global Stats |language=en}}</ref>
| May 2022 || 1.14% || 64.23% || -- || 25.24% || 1.68% || 1.21% || 4.65% || --
|-
!scope="row" | StatCounter<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2017 |title=Top 9 Mobile & Tablet Browsers |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/#mobile+tablet-browser-ww-monthly-201706-201706-bar |access-date= |website=StatCounter Global Stats |language=en}}</ref>
| June 2017 || 4.24% || 47.26% || 0.59% || 21.17% || 5.01% || 14.16% || 6.03% || 1.09%
|-
!scope="row" | StatCounter<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2015 |title=Top 9 Mobile & Tablet Browsers |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/#mobile+tablet-browser-ww-monthly-201506-201506-bar |access-date= |website=StatCounter Global Stats |language=en}}</ref>
| June 2015 || 15.81% || 30.67%|| 1.76% || 24.64% || 10.37% || 12.95% || -- || 3.79%
|-
!scope="row" | NetApplications<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-07-02 |title=Windows 8.x, Internet Explorer both flatline in June |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/07/windows-8-x-internet-explorer-both-flatline-in-june/ |access-date= |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
| June 2014 || 22.77% || 16.67% || 2.01% || 47.06% || 7.82% || -- || -- || 4.69%
|}

===Default browsers for mobile and tablet (current and defunct)===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: auto;"
|-
! Browser
! Creator
! [[Free and open source software|FOSS]]
! Current [[browser engine]]
! [[Software license]]
! Notes
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Amazon Silk]]
| [[Amazon.com|Amazon]]
| {{Some}}
| [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Uses split architecture whereby all processing is performed on Amazon's servers
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Huawei]] browser 
| [[Huawei]] 
| {{Some}} 
| [[WebKit]] 
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
|Browser included with EMUI version 10.0 to version 14.2 and Harmony OS version 2.0 to version 4.2.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Android (operating system)|Android]] browser
| [[Google]]
| {{Yes}}
| [[WebKit]]
| [[BSD licenses|BSD]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Browser included with Android version 1.5 to version 4.1<ref>[http://www.androidauthority.com/android-4-1-vs-android-4-2-jelly-bean-149740/ Android 4.1 vs Android 4.2 -- The Jelly Bean Brothers]. January 23, 2013, Alvin Ybañez, Android Authority</ref>
|-
! {{rh}} | [[BlackBerry]] Browser
| [[BlackBerry Limited|BlackBerry]]
| {{Some}}
| Mango (ver 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.0)<br/>[[WebKit]] (ver 6.0+)
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| -
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Blazer (web browser)|Blazer]]
| [[Palm, Inc.|Palm]]
| {{No}}
| [[NetFront]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2004-12-08 |title=palmOne Selects ACCESS NetFront Browser Engine to Power New Blazer 4.0 Mobile Browser, Expand Collaboration |url=http://www.access-company.com/news/press/ACCESS/2004/20041208.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528134607/http://www.access-company.com/news/press/ACCESS/2004/20041208.html |archive-date=2010-05-28 |access-date=2010-06-13 |publisher=ACCESS}}</ref>
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Installed on all newer [[Palm Treo|Palm Treos]] and PDAs
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]
| [[Google]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]], [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] (versions 28+)
| [[Freeware]] under Google Chrome Terms of Service, but uses components from the [[Chromium (web browser)]] project.<ref name="chromefaq">{{cite web |title=FAQ - Mobile Chrome |url=https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/faq |access-date=7 May 2014 |website=Chrome Developers|date=28 February 2014 }}</ref>
| Installed as default on Google devices shipping with [[Android (operating system)|Android]] versions 4.1 ([[Android Jelly Bean|Jelly Bean]]) or higher
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Palm_VII|Clipper]]
| [[Palm, Inc.|Palm]]
| {{No}}
| Custom
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Installed on [[Palm VII]] series devices, or via Palm's Mobile Internet Kit
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Dolphin Browser]]
| MoboTap
| {{No}}
| [[WebKit]]
|[[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Installed on all [[Bada (operating system)|Bada]]
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Firefox for Mobile]]
| [[Mozilla]]
| {{Yes}}
| [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]], [[WebKit]] (iOS version only)
| [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]
| Currently released for Android and iOS, but default browser for [[Firefox OS]] devices (now discontinued)
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Internet Explorer Mobile]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| {{No}}
| [[MSHTML]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| On [[Windows Phone]] and [[Windows Mobile]] only
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Iris Browser]]
| [[Torch Mobile]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Acquired by [[Research in Motion]] - No longer supports [[Windows Mobile]] or [[Linux]]
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]] web browser
| [[Amazon.com|Amazon]]
| {{No}}
| [[NetFront]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Labeled "experimental"
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Microsoft Edge Legacy|Microsoft Edge [Legacy]]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| {{No}}
| [[EdgeHTML]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| On [[Windows 10 Mobile]]
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Myriad Group|Myriad Browser]]
| [[Myriad Group]]
| {{Some}}
| Magellan (ver. 6.x)<br> Fugu (ver 7.x)<br> [[WebKit]] (ver 9)<ref>{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Mobile Browsers |url=http://www.myriadgroup.com/Device-Manufacturers/Mobile-Browsing.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801061738/http://www.myriadgroup.com/Device-Manufacturers/Mobile-Browsing.aspx |archive-date=2010-08-01 |access-date=2010-12-15 |publisher=Myriad Group}}</ref>
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Acquired from [[Openwave]] in 2008
|-
! {{rh}} | [[NetFront]]
| [[Access Co. Ltd.|ACCESS]]
| {{yes}}
| [[NetFront]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| -
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Nokia Series 40]] Browser
| [[Nokia]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forum.nokia.com/Technology_Topics/Device_Platforms/Series_40/ |title=Series 40 Platform |publisher=Forum Nokia |date=2010-06-04 |access-date=2010-07-29 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523003456/http://www.forum.nokia.com/Technology_Topics/Device_Platforms/Series_40/ |archive-date=2010-05-23 }}</ref>
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
|
|-
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Openwave]]
|Unwired Planet
|{{no}}
|Proprietary
|Proprietary
|[[Handheld Device Markup Language|HDML]], [[Wireless Application Protocol|WAP]], [[Wireless Markup Language|WML]]
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Opera Mini]]
| [[Opera Software|Opera]]
| {{No}}
| [[Presto (browser engine)|Presto]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Capable of pre-processing web pages and formatting for small screens
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Opera Mobile]]
| [[Opera Software|Opera]]
| {{No}}
| [[Presto (browser engine)|Presto]], [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] (versions 15+)
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Capable of reading HTML and can reformat for small screens
|-
! {{rh}} | [[PSP browser|PlayStation Portable web browser]]
| [[Sony]]
| {{yes}}
| [[NetFront]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| -
|-
! {{rh}} | Polaris Browser
| Infraware Inc.
| {{Some}}
| Lumi (Ver. 6.x) <br/> [[WebKit]] (Ver. 7.x)
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Nokia, Samsung, Kyocera and other phones sold in the United States, China, South Korea, etc.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[QQ browser]]
| [[Tencent]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]], [[MSHTML]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Web Browser for S60|S60 web browser]]
| [[Nokia]]
| {{Yes}}
| [[WebKit]]
| [[GNU General Public License|LGPL]]
| On [[S60 (software platform)|S60 phones]] (predominantly Nokia)
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
| [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]] ([[WebCore#WebCore|WebCore]])
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]<ref name="iOSLicense">{{cite web |title=Open Source |url=https://developer.apple.com/opensource/ |website=Apple Developer}}</ref>
| On [[iOS]] ([[iPhone]], [[iPod Touch]] and [[iPad]])
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Skyfire (web browser)|Skyfire Mobile Browser]]
| [[Skyfire (company)|Skyfire]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Renders Flash 10, Ajax and Silverlight content. Currently supports iOS and Android.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[WebOS]] Browser
|
[[Palm, Inc.|Palm]]
| {{Some}}
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| The last WebOS, 3.0.5, was released on January 12, 2012
|- class="sortbottom"
! Browser
! Creator
! [[Free and open source software|FOSS]]
! Current [[browser engine]]
! [[Software license]]
! Notes
|}

===User-installable mobile browsers (current and defunct)===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: auto;"
|-
! Browser
! Creator
! Current [[browser engine]]
! Platforms
! [[Software license]]
! Notes
|-
! {{rh}} | [[360 Web Browser]]
| Digital Poke
|
| [[iOS]]
|
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[BOLT browser]]
| [[Bitstream Inc.|Bitstream]]
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Java ME]], [[BlackBerry]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Discontinued December 2011
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Brave (web browser)|Brave]]
|Brave
|Blink
|iOS, Android
|Open-source
|Privacy-focused, built on Chromium.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Cake Browser]]
|Cake Technologies, Inc.
|WebKit
|iOS, Android
|
|Swipeable mobile browser created in 2018<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=30 January 2018 |title=Cake raises $5 million for a swipeable mobile browser |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/30/cake-raises-5-million-for-a-swipeable-mobile-browser/ |access-date=2018-06-03 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Google Chrome]]
| [[Google]]
| Blink, [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]], [[WebKit]] (iOS)
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] under Google Chrome Terms of Service
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]]
| [[Google]]
| Blink, [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]]
| Android, Linux
| BSD-3 and others<ref name="other FOSS licenses">{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |title=Chromium Terms and Conditions |date=2 September 2008 |access-date=27 April 2021 |work=[[Google Code]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022102106/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>
| Primary code-base of Chrome. 
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Classilla]]
| Cameron Kaiser
| Clecko (modified [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]])
| [[Mac OS 8|Mac OS 8.6]], [[Mac OS 9]]
| [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]/[[GNU General Public License|GPL]]/[[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Although desktop, uses a mobile user agent by default due to the older machines it services.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Deepfish]]
| [[Microsoft]]
|
| [[Windows Mobile]]
| Proprietary
| Proxy-rendering browser (discontinued)
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Dolphin Browser]]
| MoboTap
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
|
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[DuckDuckGo Private Browser|DuckDuckGo]]
| DuckDuckGo
| Blink, WebKit (iOS)
| Android, iOS
| Apache 2.0
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Firefox for mobile]]
| [[Mozilla]]
| [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]], [[WebKit]] (iOS)
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Firefox OS]] (discontinued), [[iOS]]
| [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]
| Includes [[HTML5]] support, [[Firefox Sync]], [[Add-on (Mozilla)|add-ons]] support and [[tabbed browsing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Firefox for Mobile |url=https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/mobile/ |access-date=2012-06-26 |publisher=Mozilla}}</ref>
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Firefox Focus]]/Klar
| Mozilla
| Gecko, WebKit (iOS)
| Android, iOS
| MPL 2.0
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[GNU IceCat]]
| [[GNU Project]]
| Gecko
| Android, Linux
| MPL 2.0, GPLv3+
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[JioBrowser| JioSphere]]
| [[Jio]]
| [[WebKit]], Blink
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
| Proprietary
| 
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Links (web browser)|Links]]
| Twibright Labs
|
| [[PlayStation Portable]]
| [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]
| Unofficial port, requires custom firmware
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Mercury Browser]]
| iLegendSoft, Inc.
|
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Micromax Browser]]
| [[Micromax Informatics]]
|
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Minimo]]
| [[Mozilla Foundation]]
| [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]]
| [[Linux]], [[Windows CE]]
| [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]/[[GNU General Public License|GPL]]/[[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]
| Discontinued
|-
! {{rh}} | [[NetFront]]
| [[Access Co.|ACCESS]]
| NetFront, WebKit
| [[Linux]], [[S60 (software platform)|S60]], [[Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless|BREW]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Windows Mobile]], others
| Proprietary
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Opera Mini]]
| [[Opera Software|Opera]]
| [[Presto (browser engine)|Presto]]
| [[Java ME]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Windows Mobile]], [[iOS (Apple)|iOS]], [[BlackBerry]], [[S60 (software platform)|S60]], others
| Proprietary
| Supports most features of stand-alone Opera, but can run on less capable phones by offloading memory-intensive rendering to proxy server (based on Opera Mobile running on a server)
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Opera Mobile]]
| [[Opera Software|Opera]]
| [[Presto (browser engine)|Presto]], Blink
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Maemo]], [[Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless|BREW]], [[S60 (software platform)|S60]], [[Windows Mobile]]
|
| From version 14 it is based on Chromium.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Pale Moon (web browser)#Platforms no longer supported|Pale Moon]]
| Moonchild Productions
|
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| Built on Firefox code
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Pixo]]
| [[Sun Microsystems]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[QQ browser]]
| [[Tencent]]
| [[WebKit]], [[MSHTML]]
| [[Windows]], [[Mac OS X]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
| [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Skweezer]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Skyfire (web browser)|Skyfire]]
| Skyfire Labs, Inc.
| [[WebKit]] (ver 2.x+), [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]] (ver 1.x)
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
|
| Supports Flash and Ajax. As of {{As of|2010|December|bare=yes}}, it no longer supports Symbian OS or Windows Mobile
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Sleipnir (web browser)|Sleipnir]]
| [[Fenrir Inc]]
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[Windows Mobile]]
|
|
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Steel (web browser)|Steel]]
|
| [[WebKit]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|
| Discontinued
|-
! {{rh}} | Teashark
|
|
| [[Java ME]]
| Proprietary
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Tor (network)#Tor_Browser|Tor Browser]]
| [[The Tor Project]], [[Guardian Project (software)|Guardian Project]]
| Gecko
| Android, Linux
| MPL 2.0
| 
|-
! {{rh}} | [[UC Browser]]
| UC Mobile
| U3 (based on [[WebKit]])
| [[S60 (software platform)|S60]], [[Java ME]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[Windows Mobile]], [[Bada (operating system)|Bada]]
| Proprietary
| Proxy-rendering in Java and Symbian. U3 engine in Android.
|-
! {{rh}} | [[Vision Mobile Browser]]
| [[Novarra]]
|
| [[Java ME]], [[Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless|BREW]]
| Proprietary
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Vivaldi (web browser)|Vivaldi]]
| [[Vivaldi Technologies]]
| Blink, V8
| Android, Linux, iOS
|BSD-3, Proprietary
| 
|-
! {{rh}} | [[WinWAP]]
| Winwap Technologies
|
| [[Windows Mobile]]
| Proprietary
|
|-
!{{rh}} | [[Arc (web browser)|Arc]]
| The Browser Company
| [[WebKit]]
| [[iOS]]
| Proprietary
| 
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! Browser
! Creator
! Current [[browser engine]]
! Platforms
! [[Software license]]
! Notes
|}

===Mobile HTML transcoders===
Mobile transcoders reformat and compress web content for mobile devices and must be used in conjunction with built-in or user-installed mobile browsers. The following are several leading mobile [[transcoding]] services.
* [[Openwave]] Web Adapter - used by [[Vodacom]]
* [[Vision Mobile Browser|Vision Mobile Server]]
* [[Skweezer]] - used by Orange, Etisalat, JumpTap, Medio, Miva, and others
* [[Opera Mini]]

====Defunct transcoders or sites with removed transcoding functionality====
<!--Note: Please do not make URLs to defunct sites clickable.-->
* Google Mobilizer (Google Web Transcoder)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/gwt/n|title=Google Mobilizer|website=google.com|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> &mdash; Defunct since February 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Solomon |first=Veena |title=What happened to Web Transcoder? |work=Mobile Websites &#124; Webmaster Central Help Forum &#124; Google Product Forums |date=2016-02-06 |url= https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/webmasters/t8WmPTpYw6A |access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Barry |title=Google Web Transcoder Killed Off? |publisher=[[Search Engine Roundtable]] |date=2016-02-15 |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-web-transcoder-offline-21629.html |access-date=2018-03-31}}</ref> Replaced with [[Google Web Light]].
* Smartphone site &mdash; The last extant snapshot of the site is from 5 September 2012.
* Device-Browser combinations on Cloud <!--As of March 2018, web page source code includes JavaScript from the domain parking company [[Sedo]].-->
* Finch<ref>{{cite news |last=Purdy |first=Kevin |title=Finch Formats Web Sites for Really Slow Connections |publisher=Lifehacker |date=2008-10-13 |url= https://lifehacker.com/5062671/finch-formats-web-sites-for-really-slow-connections |access-date=2013-03-30}}</ref> &mdash; The last snapshot of a functional Finch site is from 28 February 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=Finch. |year=2009 |url=http://finch.ploogy.net |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090228194010/http://finch.ploogy.net/ |archive-date=2009-02-28}}</ref> This defunct service should not be confused with [[Finch (software)]]. Finch the transcoder became Squeezr!Beta as early as 8 December 2009.<ref>
*{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=squeezr!beta |year=2009 |url=http://squeezr.net |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091208234659/http://squeezr.net/ |archive-date=2009-12-08}}
*{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=Finch is now... squeezr!beta |year=2010 |url=http://finch.ploogy.net |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100613141116/http://finch.ploogy.net/ |archive-date=2010-06-13}}</ref>
**Squeezr!Beta &mdash; The last functional Squeezr!Beta page is dated 13 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=squeezr!beta |publisher=squeezr.net |year=2010 |url=http://squeezr.net |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100213160249/http://squeezr.net/ |archive-date=2010-02-13}}</ref> As of 28 August 2010, Squeezr!Beta had closed;<ref>{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=squeezr!beta is closed :( |publisher=squeezr.net |year=2010 |url=http://squeezr.net |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828124900/http://squeezr.net/ |archive-date=2010-08-28}}</ref> the last page of Squeezr as authored by Adam Brenecki is dated 2 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brenecki |first=Adam |title=squeezr!beta is closed :( |publisher=squeezr.net |url=http://squeezr.net |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102143147/http://squeezr.net/ |archive-date=2012-01-02}}</ref> Since 2013, squeezr.net redirected to squeezr.it, which is a different service, and not related to Adam Brenecki.
* Microsoft [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.bing.com|title=Bing|website=m.bing.com|access-date=4 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> &mdash; the option to enable or disable "Optimize web pages for your phone" in "Search settings" is not visible in Bing's mobile version as of March 2018. (The mobile version can be accessed with a phone or tablet, or when setting a web browser to identify itself with a mobile-based [[user agent]] string.)
* MobileLeap Transcoding Engine, by MobileLeap Inc. As of March 2018, web page source code includes JavaScript from the domain parking company [[Sedo]]<small>)</small><ref>mlvb.net{{Dead link|date=March 2018|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> &mdash; The site would not allow entry without a cookie, so a typical crawler would be redirected to mlvb's cookiecheck page, the last snapshot of which is from 12 October 2017.
* Mowser (mowser.com)<ref>{{cite web |title=About |work=Mowser |publisher=afilias.tech |year=2011 |url=http://mowser.com/about.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205113812/http://mowser.com/about.php |archive-date=2017-02-05}}</ref> &mdash; Alternately marketed with the mowser.mobi domain name, which is now a permanent deadlink. The last snapshot of a working page is dated 22 September 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=mowser.mobi |publisher=Mowzer |year=2011 |url=http://mowser.com |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170922072607/http://mowser.com/ |archive-date=2017-09-22}}</ref> As of 30 March 2018, the site has been shut down.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mowser.com has been shut down! |publisher=Afilias Plc |location=Republic of Ireland |year=2017 |url=http://mowser.com |access-date=2018-03-31}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Browser wars]]
*[[Device Description Repository]]
*[[i-mode]]
*[[Information appliance]]
*[[Mobile web]]
*[[Mobile content]]
*[[Usage share of web browsers]]
*[[User agent]]
*[[Web Compatibility Test for Mobile Browsers]]

==References==
{{Reflist | 30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.w3.org/Mobile/ W3C Mobile Web Initiative] &mdash; “The Mobile Web Initiative's goal is to make browsing the Web from mobile devices a reality”, explains Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director and inventor of the Web.
*[http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-compactHTML-19980209/ Compact HTML for Small Information Appliances &mdash; W3C NOTE 9 February 1998]
*[http://www.openmobilealliance.org/ Open Mobile Alliance]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101016015139/http://na.blackberry.com/eng/developers/browserdev/ Blackberry Browser Developer site]

{{web browsers|mobile}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mobile Browser}}
[[Category:Mobile web browsers| ]]
[[Category:Mobile software|Browser]]