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Mohonk Preserve
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{{Short description|Nature preserve in New York State}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} [[Image:Trapps.jpg|thumb|300px|The Trapps in the Mohonk Preserve]] The '''Mohonk Preserve''' is a nature preserve in the [[Shawangunk Ridge]], {{convert|90|mi|km}} north of [[New York City]] in [[Ulster County, New York]]. The preserve has over {{convert|8000|acre|km2}} of cliffs, forests, fields, ponds and streams, with over {{Convert|70|mi|km|abbr=out}} of carriage roads and {{convert|40|mi||abbr=}} of trails for hiking, cycling, trail running, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and horseback riding. It is also a major destination for rock climbers, hosting 50,000 climbers each year who enjoy more than 1,000 climbing routes.<ref name="MP home">{{cite web| title=Who We Are| url=http://www.mohonkpreserve.org/who-we-are| publisher=Mohonk Preserve| access-date=September 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MP article in PJ" /> ==History== The origins of the preserve date to 1869, when twin brothers Albert and Alfred Smiley purchased [[Lake Mohonk]] and established the [[Mohonk Mountain House]]. On February 26, 1963, the Smiley family, friends, neighbors and supporters formed the Mohonk Trust to protect the area's unique natural landscape for future generations. The property of the Mohonk Trust on that day in 1963 consisted of $100, a gift from Mabel Craven Smiley. Land was acquired by the Mohonk Trust over the years, and it became the Mohonk Preserve Inc. in 1978. According to their 2017 IRS Form 990 their assets then exceeded $25 million.<ref name="CharitiesNYS">{{cite web|title=Annual Filing for Charitable Organizations |url=https://www.charitiesnys.com/RegistrySearch/show_details.jsp?id={A5B681FC-BDED-4014-946F-D16EEE405960} |publisher=New York State Office of the Attorney General |date=December 31, 2017|access-date=May 19, 2016}}</ref> Through the support of members, donors and partners, the preserve has become a center for outdoor education and a conservation advocate, especially for natural lands in the [[Shawangunks]] and the [[Hudson Valley]]. Its mission includes land protection and stewardship, sponsorship of environmental education programs, which according to Preserve officials have served more than 100,000 children over a thirty-year period, and maintenance of biological, weather, and natural history records spanning more than a century.<ref name="MP article in PJ">{{cite news| last1=Reed| first1=Gretchen| title=Mohonk Preserve Legacy Endures| url=http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/tech/science/environment/2014/07/16/mohonk-preserve-gretchen-reed/12756773/| work=Poughkeepsie Journal| date=July 16, 2014| access-date=September 16, 2016}}</ref> In 1986, the Mohonk Preserve and Mohonk Mountain House together were designated a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref name="NHL">{{cite web| title=List of NHLs by State| url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/list-of-nhls-by-state.htm| publisher=US National Park Service| access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Archives">{{cite book|title=New York SP Lake Mohonk Mountain House Complex |series=File Unit: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: New York, 1964 - 2013 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75322659 |publisher=The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> The name "Moggonck" appeared in early boundary records referring to the "high hill", the crag now named Skytop where the Skytop Tower is located. The spelling change from "gg" to "h" was probably done for aesthetic reasons. The word ''Moggonck'' was possibly derived from the [[Lenape]] ''maxkwung'', "place of bears", or from the [[Munsee]] ''maxkawenge'', "hill of bears".<ref name="Fried book">{{cite book| last1=Fried| first1=Marc B.| title=Shawangunk Place-names: Indian, Dutch and English Geographical Names of the Shawangunk Mountain| date=2005| publisher=Barber Books| location=New Paltz, NY}}</ref> Another possibility comes from the related [[Mohican]] language, in which ''Magunk'' is derived from ''Magki'', "great", and ''Unk'', "a standing tree".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hasbrouck |first1=G. D. B. |title=History from Lake Mohonk |journal=The Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association |date=July 1923 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=127β147 |jstor=43564610 |quote=The accomplished historian, Ruttenber, has undertaken to give the significance of the word, in the Mohican tongue. Magunk, from "Magki" great, and "Unk," a standing tree.}}</ref> ==Description== [[Image:BonitouCrag.JPG|thumb|270px|right|Bonticou Crag in the Mohonk Preserve]] [[Image:Bonitouscramble.jpg|thumb|left|Rock scramble at Bonticou Crag]] Headquarters of the not-for-profit Mohonk Preserve are in [[Gardiner, New York]]. Most of the land is in the town of Gardiner, but there is also land in the towns of [[Marbletown, New York|Marbletown]], [[Rosendale, New York|Rosendale]], [[New Paltz, New York|New Paltz]], and [[Rochester, Ulster County, New York|Rochester]]. Preserve lands extend for nearly {{convert|8|mi|0}} from Rosendale to Millbrook Mountain. More than 75% of the Preserve's funding comes from contributions, memberships and investments. Grants from land conservation organizations, including some from the New York State Conservation Partnership Program, and funds from the state's Environmental Protection Fund amount to 23% of income. It was the first land trust established on the northern [[Shawangunk Ridge]]. The Preserve's mission is to protect the Shawangunk Mountains by inspiring people to care for, enjoy, and explore the natural world. To accomplish its mission, the Preserve conducts programs in four key areas - environmental education, serving both school children and adults; land protection, saving high-priority land on the ridge; land stewardship, balancing the protection of land and wildlife with opportunities for recreation; and scientific research, creating a "living laboratory" on the land. The land is home to more than 1,400 plant and animal species, including the [[peregrine falcon]], [[Jefferson salamander]], and {{convert|2000|acre}} of rare dwarf [[pitch pine]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/759599743|title=Environmental history of the Hudson River : human uses that changed the ecology, ecology that changed human uses|date=2011|publisher=State University of New York Press|others=Henshaw, Robert E., Dunwell, Frances F.|isbn=978-1-4619-0638-4|location=Albany|oclc=759599743}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Garretson|first1=Alexis|last2=Napoli|first2=Megan|last3=Feldsine|first3=Natalie|last4=Adler-Colvin|first4=Penelope|last5=Long|first5=Elizabeth|date=2020-04-14|title=Vernal pool amphibian breeding ecology monitoring from 1931 to present: A harmonised historical and ongoing observational ecology dataset|journal=Biodiversity Data Journal|language=en|volume=8|pages=e50121|doi=10.3897/BDJ.8.e50121|issn=1314-2828|pmc=7174432|pmid=32336925 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Restricted deer hunting is allowed with the aim of preventing ecological damage due to overbrowsing. There is a per-person day fee for cycling and rock climbing. Annual memberships are available. Free one-month memberships were offered to Ulster County residents in the spring and again in the fall of 2014.<ref name="Marbletown website">{{cite web|title=Healthy Ulster: Autumn at Mohonk Preserve |url=http://www.marbletown.net/2014/07/31/healthy-ulster-autumn-at-mohonk-preserve-free-one-month-membership/ |publisher=Town of Marbletown official website |access-date=6 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208222738/http://www.marbletown.net/2014/07/31/healthy-ulster-autumn-at-mohonk-preserve-free-one-month-membership/ |archive-date=8 December 2014 }}</ref> Hours of operation are from sunrise to one hour past sunset.<ref name="MP article in PJ"/> [[Minnewaska State Park Preserve]] adjoins the Mohonk Preserve lands to the south, and protects another {{convert|12000|acre|km2|abbr=on}} of former property of another member of the Smiley family as a state park. ==Daniel Smiley Research Center== The Daniel Smiley Research Center (DSRC) is the Mohonk Preserve's [[Conservation biology|conservation]] science unit. The DSRC archive is recognized nationally for an extensive collection of [[biodiversity]] and [[natural history]] long-term research data.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Mohonk Preserve : What We Do : Conservation Science : Natural History Collections|url=https://www.mohonkpreserve.org/what-we-do/conservation-science/natural-history-collections.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.mohonkpreserve.org|language=en}}</ref> The archive includes more than 86 years of natural and cultural history observations, over 120 years of daily weather data, 60,000 physical items, 9,000 photographs, and research library.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Of those physical items, there are over 3,000 [[herbarium]] specimens, 139 mammal specimens, 107 bird specimens, 140 butterfly specimens, 400 arthropod specimens, and over 10,000 index cards with handwritten and/or typed natural history observations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohonk Preserve|date=2020|title=Mohonk Preserve Amphibian and Water Quality Monitoring Dataset at 11 Vernal Pools from 1931-Present|url=https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/864aea25998b73c5d1a5b5f36cb6583e|journal=Environmental Data Initiative|language=en|volume=398|doi=10.6073/pasta/864aea25998b73c5d1a5b5f36cb6583e}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Data Portal - Data Package Summary {{!}} Environmental Data Initiative (EDI)|year=2020|url=https://doi.org/10.6073/PASTA/068E4A6FA99628C6A01F4A739D5DD2D6|language=en|doi=10.6073/pasta/068e4a6fa99628c6a01f4a739d5dd2d6|author1=Mohonk Preserve|last2=Feldsine|first2=Natalie A.|last3=Garretson|first3=Alexis C.|last4=Kathe|first4=Jessica J.|last5=Long|first5=Elizabeth C.|last6=Montoya|first6=Anthony J.|last7=Napoli|first7=Megan M.|last8=Wander|first8=Heather|author9=Citizen Science Volunteers|publisher=Environmental Data Initiative}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The collections are also frequently cited in research on climate change, biodiversity, bird migration, and human impact on the environment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cook|first1=Benjamin I.|last2=Cook|first2=Edward R.|last3=Anchukaitis|first3=Kevin J.|last4=Huth|first4=Paul C.|last5=Thompson|first5=John E.|last6=Smiley|first6=Shanan F.|date=2010-03-01|title=A Homogeneous Record (1896β2006) of Daily Weather and Climate at Mohonk Lake, New York*|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/jamc/article/49/3/544/13348/A-Homogeneous-Record-18962006-of-Daily-Weather-and|journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology|language=en|volume=49|issue=3|pages=544β555|doi=10.1175/2009JAMC2221.1|bibcode=2010JApMC..49..544C |issn=1558-8432|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cook|first1=Benjamin I.|last2=Cook|first2=Edward R.|last3=Huth|first3=Paul C.|last4=Thompson|first4=John E.|last5=Forster|first5=Anna|last6=Smiley|first6=Daniel|date=August 2008|title=A crossβtaxa phenological dataset from Mohonk Lake, NY and its relationship to climate|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/joc.1629|journal=International Journal of Climatology|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=1369β1383|doi=10.1002/joc.1629|bibcode=2008IJCli..28.1369C |s2cid=129096208 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Richardson|first1=David|last2=Charifson|first2=David|last3=Stanson|first3=Valerie|last4=Stern|first4=Erich|last5=Thompson|first5=John|last6=Townley|first6=Lauren|date=2016-01-01|title=Reconstructing a trophic cascade following unintentional introduction of golden shiner to Lake Minnewaska, New York, USA|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.5268/IW-6.1.915|journal=Inland Waters|volume=6|issue=1|pages=29β33|doi=10.5268/IW-6.1.915|s2cid=87783649 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == {{commons category}} *[http://www.mohonkpreserve.org/ Official site] *[http://www.nynjtc.org/park/mohonk-preserve-4 NY-NJTC: Mohonk Preserve trail details and info] {{Protected areas of New York}} {{authority control}} {{coord|41|44|50|N|74|12|35|W|display=title}} [[Category:Protected areas of Ulster County, New York]] [[Category:Shawangunks]] [[Category:Climbing areas of the United States]] [[Category:New Paltz, New York]] [[Category:Nature centers in New York (state)]] [[Category:Nature reserves in New York (state)]]
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