Editing Monkey stick

{{Short description|English percussion instrument}}
{{About|the musical instrument||Mendoza (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name                  = Monkey stick
| names                 = Mendoza, mendozer, Murrumbidgee river rattler, lagerphone, zob stick
| image                 = Photo_of_a_group_of_Mendoza's_or_Monkey_Sticks.jpg
| image_size            = 200px
| image_capt            = 
| background            = percussion
| classification        = Percussion
| hornbostel_sachs      = 112.12
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Frame rattles
| inventors             =
| developed             =
| range                 =
| related               =
| musicians             =
| builders              =
| articles              =
}}

A '''monkey stick''' (also called a '''mendoza''', '''mendozer''', '''Murrumbidgee river rattler''', '''lagerphone''' or '''zob stick''')<ref name=Bushwackers>'' [[The Bushwackers (band)|The Bushwackers]] Australian Song Book'', new edition 1981, published by Anne O'Donovan Pty Ltd, {{ISBN|0 908476 07 8}} : ''Lagerphone or Murrumbidgee River Rattler. An upright pole with two crosspieces upon which are screwed beer bottle tops. The noise is made by hitting the instrument on the floor, at the same time striking the middle section with a solid piece of wood.''</ref> is a traditional [[England|English]] [[percussion instrument]], used in [[folk music]]. Some musicians have taken to fixing a small stuffed toy [[monkey]] to the tops of their instruments.

The instrument is constructed from a stout pole with metal "[[jingle (percussion)|jingles]]" fastened at intervals along the shaft. These are commonly beer-bottle tops with a 1-inch washer in between the tops and the shaft. A boot that might be attached to the base of the pole is a recent 'Zob Stick' addition.

When played on a wooden floor (common in [[Public house|ale-house]]s), the sound produced is a combination of a [[bass drum]] and [[tambourine]]. It can also be played with an additional small notched or serrated stick held in the other hand, allowing it to not only be shaken or hammered onto the ground, but also "bowed" to produce a combined clicking and rattling sound. Bands such as [[Groanbox]], [[Zapoppin']] and [[Dr. Busker]] have incorporated the monkey stick into their recordings and live shows.

==Other names and versions==
In [[Australia]], this instrument constructed with beer-bottle tops is known as a lagerphone.<ref name=Bushwackers /> The same name and construction is found in [[New Zealand]]. The town of [[Brooweena, Queensland|Brooweena]] in [[Queensland]], [[Australia]] claims to hold the unofficial record when 134 people simultaneously played the lagerphone in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/videos/2009/06/09/2593526.htm|title=Unofficial lagerphone record set in Brooweena|date=9 June 2009|work=ABC Wide Bay|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref>

In [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]], it is referred to as an "[[ugly stick]]". In the Dutch province of [[Friesland]] this type of instrument is known as a '[[:fy:Kuttepiel|kuttepiel]]'. In the American upper-[[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] states of [[Minnesota]] and [[Wisconsin]], the closely related [[vozembouch]], [[stumpf fiddle]] or [[pogocello]] originated in [[Czech American|Czech communities]] and adds small cymbals, strings, and a drum. A similar instrument, the [[batih]], is found in [[Ukraine]].

The "zob stick" variation of this [[musical instrument|instrument]] was constructed and named in 1968 by [[percussionist]] and [[songwriter]] [[Keef Trouble]] of the [[band (music)|band]] [[Brett Marvin and the Thunderbolts]] and [[Terry Dactyl and the Dinosaurs]], and included a sprung-[[boot]] attached to the bottom of the pole and a metal sleeve round its centre, to be hit with a serrated wooden stick. It is now, with the term ‘Lagerphone’, the most commonly used name for this instrument.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The term '[[wikt:zob|zob]]' was taken from the British [[naval slang]] term for "penis".

<gallery>
File:Jingling Johnny (26020760613).jpg|Instrument labeled [[Jingling Johnny]] in England. Lined with [[jingle (percussion)|jingles]] made from [[beer cap]]s.
File:Northumbrian Bagpipes and Jingling Johnny (9175779287).jpg|Instrument labeled Jingling Johnny (jingles made from beer caps), and Northumbrian bagpipes at Haworth, England
File:F16 Turkiiskt klockspel.tif|111.242.222.  [[Turkish crescent]] or Jingling Johnny.
File:Ugly Stick Newfoundland.jpg|[[Ugly stick]], has beer caps, like lagerphones. Is played with drumstick (like [[bumbass]]).
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Turkish crescent]]
*[[Bush band]]
*[[Ugly stick]]
*[[Boomba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090120053424/http://www.brettmarvin.co.uk/home.html Brett Marvin and the Thunderbolts] (Web Site featuring [[Keef Trouble]] and the original 'Zob Stick'.)
*[http://www.keithsayers.id.au/Lagerphones/lagerphones.htm] The Lagerphone Pages by Keith Sayers (Canberra February 2014)

{{Indigenous music of Australia}}
{{Shaken idiophones}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hand percussion]]
[[Category:European percussion instruments]]
[[Category:English musical instruments]]
[[Category:Metal percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Oceanian percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Percussion instruments played with specialised beaters]]
[[Category:Shaken idiophones or rattles]]
[[Category:Street performance]]
[[Category:Uses of boots]]
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal culture]]