Editing Mostar

{{Short description|City in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{About|the city in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Distinguish|Mosta}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
| name                     = Mostar
| native_name              = Мостар
| official_name            = ''Grad Mostar''<br />Град Мостар<br />City of Mostar
| etymology                = {{langx|bs|mostar|lit=bridge keeper}}
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/3/2/2
| total_width = 280
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Stari Most viewed from North.jpg
| caption1 = [[Stari Most]] with Mostar skyline
| image2 = Mostar Peace Bell Tower 02.jpg
| caption2 = [[Church of St. Peter and Paul, Mostar|Peace Bell Tower]]
| image3 = Koski Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Mostar 01.jpg
| caption3 = Pasha Mosque
| image4 = Mostar Bazar.jpg
| caption4 = Mostar bazar
| image5 = Mostar Old Gymnasium.JPG
| caption5 = [[Gimnazija Mostar|Mostar Gymnasium]]
| image6 = Mostar viewing platform.jpg
| caption6 = Mostar observation platform
}}
| image_flag               = Flag of Mostar.svg
| image_shield             = Coat of arms of Mostar.svg
| image_map                = Location Mostar.svg
| map_caption              = Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mostar)
| image_map1 = {{infobox mapframe}}
| pushpin_map              = <!-- Bosnia and Herzegovina -->
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location of Mostar
| coordinates              = {{coord|43|20|37|N|17|48|27|E|region:BA|display=it}}
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{BIH}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton]]
| subdivision_name2        = {{flag|Herzegovina-Neretva}}
| subdivision_type3        = Geographical [[region]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Herzegovina]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1452
| leader_party             = [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = [[Mario Kordić]]
| area_total_km2           = 1165.63
| elevation_m              = 60
| population_total         = 113169
| population_urban         = 60195
| population_density_km2   = auto
| postal_code_type         = 
| postal_code              = 88000
| area_code                = +387 (0) 36
| website                  = {{URL|www.mostar.ba}}
| timezone                 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset               = +1
| timezone_DST             = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST           = +2
}}

'''Mostar''' ({{IPA|sh|mǒstaːr|pron|bs-Mostar.ogg}}{{efn|In English, various phonetic renderings are used, some of them deviating from the initial stress of the native pronunciation. In [[British English]], both {{IPAc-en|||m|ɒ|ˈ|s|t|ɑːr}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mostar |title=Mostar |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702170327/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mostar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Mostar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182738/https://www.lexico.com/definition/mostar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Mostar |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> and {{IPAc-en||ˈ|m|ɒ|s|t|ɑːr}}<ref>{{Cite LPD|3}}</ref> are used. In [[American English]], initially stressed {{IPAc-en||ˈ|m|oʊ|s|t|ɑːr|,_|ˈ|m|ɔː|s|-}}<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary |Mostar |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster |Mostar |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> predominates.}}) is a city and the administrative centre of [[Herzegovina-Neretva Canton]] of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], an entity of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]],<ref name="ALDA 2021">{{cite web |title=Mostar |website=ALDA |date=2021-05-12 |url=https://www.alda-europe.eu/partner-socio/mostar-municipality/ |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195942/https://www.alda-europe.eu/partner-socio/mostar-municipality/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the historical capital of [[Herzegovina]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mostar}}</ref>

Mostar is situated on the [[Neretva River]] and is the fifth-largest city in the country.<ref name="Altınel 2021">{{cite web |last=Altınel |first=Esra Gizem |title=Bosnia-Herzegovina: The green paradise of the Balkans |website=Daily Sabah |date=2021-05-07 |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/life/travel/bosnia-herzegovina-the-green-paradise-of-the-balkans |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622021347/https://www.dailysabah.com/life/travel/bosnia-herzegovina-the-green-paradise-of-the-balkans |url-status=live }}</ref> Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (''mostari'') who guarded the [[Stari Most]] (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the [[Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ottoman]] era.<ref name="Centre 2017">{{cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=2017-10-11 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946/ |language=la |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620091751/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Old Bridge, a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]],<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/> commissioned by [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of [[Islamic architecture]] in the [[Balkans]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kultura Bošnjaka: Muslimanska Komponenta |last=Balić |first=Smail |year=1973 |publisher=(Ungargasse 9/20: Balić) |location=Vienna |pages=32–34 |url=http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm09366935 |access-date=June 7, 2013 |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213084818/http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm09366935 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Razvitak i postanak grada Mostara |last=Ćišić |first=Husein |publisher=Štamparija Mostar |page=22 |oclc=470710758}}</ref><ref name=Stratton>{{cite book |title=Sinan |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-684-12582-4 |last=Stratton |first=Arthur |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/sinan00stra}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stover |first=Eric |title=My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity |url=https://archive.org/details/myneighbormyenem00stov |url-access=limited |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/myneighbormyenem00stov/page/n171 151] |author2=Harvey M. Weinstein |quote=The bridge, built in 1566, was considered a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and a unique symbol of an undivided city.}}</ref>

==History==
===Ancient and medieval history===
Human settlements on the river Neretva, between [[Mount Hum (Mostar)|Mount Hum]] and the [[Velež Mountain]], have existed since prehistory, as witnessed by discoveries of fortified enceintes and cemeteries. Evidence of [[Roman people|Roman]] occupation was discovered beneath the present town.<ref name="whc.unesco.org">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946/ |title=UNESCO: Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar |access-date=2019-12-26 |archive-date=2020-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109150400/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As far as medieval Mostar goes, although the Christian basilicas of late antiquity remained in use, few historical sources were preserved and not much is known about this period. The name of Mostar was first mentioned in a document dating from 1474, taking its name from the bridge-keepers (''mostari''); this refers to the existence of a wooden bridge from the market on the left bank of the river which was used by traders, soldiers, and other travelers. During this time it was also the seat of a [[kadiluk]] (district with a regional judge). Since Mostar was on the trade route between the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] and the mineral-rich regions of [[central Bosnia]], the settlement began to spread to the right bank of the river.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

Prior to 1474 the names of two towns appear in medieval historical sources, along with their later medieval territories and properties – the towns of Nebojša and Cimski grad. In the early 15th century the county (''[[župa]]'') of Večenike covered the site of the present-day Mostar along the right bank of the Neretva, including the sites of Zahum, [[Cim (archaeological site)|Cim]], [[Ilići]], [[Raštani, Mostar|Raštani]] and [[Vojno]]. It was at the center of this area, which in 1408 belonged to [[Juraj Radivojević|Radivojević]], who built Cim Fort (prior to 1443). Mostar is indirectly referred to in a 1454 charter of King [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] as ''Pons'' ("bridge"), for a bridge had already been built there. Prior to 1444, the Nebojša Tower was built on the left bank of the Neretva, which belonged to the late medieval county still known as Večenike or Večerić.<ref>Anđelić, 1974, 276–278</ref> The earliest documentary reference to Mostar as a settlement dates from 3 April 1452, when [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusans]] from [[Dubrovnik]] wrote to their fellow countrymen in the service of Serbian Despot [[Đorđe Branković]] to say that [[Vladislav Hercegović]] had turned against his father [[Stjepan Vukčić Kosača|Stjepan]] and occupied the town of [[Blagaj, Mostar|Blagaj]] and other places, including ''“Duo Castelli al ponte de Neretua.”''.<ref name="Mujezinović, 1998, p. 144">Mujezinović, 1998, p.&nbsp;144</ref>

===Ottoman period===
[[File:Bazar at Old Bridge in Mostar, Herzegovina.JPG|thumb|The Old Town Street]]
[[File:Cskt-tavasz mosztarban (1903).jpg|thumb|Springtime in Mostar by [[Tivadar Kosztka Csontváry]] (1853–1919)]]

In 1468 the region came under the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref name="Mujezinović, 1998, p. 144"/> and the [[urbanization]] of the settlement began. It was named ''Köprühisar'', meaning fortress at the bridge, at the centre of which was a cluster of 15 houses. The town was organized into two distinct areas: ''[[čaršija]]'', the crafts and commercial centre of the settlement, and ''[[mahala]]'' or a residential area.<ref>Institute for Regional Planning, Mostar, 1982, p.&nbsp;21</ref>

The town was fortified between the years 1520 and 1566, and the wooden bridge rebuilt in stone.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/> In 1519 ([[Hijri year|Hijri]] 925) the settlement was recorded as a castle and both as Mostar and as Köprühisar and it was inhabited by Muslims and Christians. It had four Muslim households and 85 Christian households.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=GÖKBİLGİN |first=M. TAYYİB |date=1956 |title=KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI |url=https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin-pdf/1214/tur |journal=Belleten |volume=20 |issue=78 |pages=247–294 |issn=0041-4255 |eissn=2791-6472 }}</ref> The stone bridge, the [[Stari Most|Old Bridge]] (''Stari most''), was erected in 1566 on the orders of Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jul/24/iantraynor |title=Mostar reclaims Ottoman heritage |date=July 23, 2004 |website=the Guardian |access-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715013950/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jul/24/iantraynor |url-status=live }}</ref> and at {{cvt|28|m|abbr=off}} long and {{cvt|20|m|abbr=off}} high, quickly became a wonder in its own time. Later becoming the city's symbol, the Old Bridge was designed by [[Mimar Hayruddin]],<ref name=Stratton/> a student and apprentice of Ottoman architect [[Mimar Sinan]]. In the late 16th century, Köprühisar was one of the towns of the [[Sanjak of Herzegovina]]. In the 17th century, Turkish traveler and author [[Evliya Çelebi]] wrote of the bridge thus:
{{blockquote|the bridge is like a rainbow arch soaring up to the skies, extending from one cliff to the other... I, a poor and miserable servant of Allah, have passed through 16 countries, but I have never seen such a high bridge. It is thrown from rock to rock as high as the sky.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199805/hearts.and.stones.htm |title=Hearts and Stones |publisher=Saudi Aramco World |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004214954/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199805/hearts.and.stones.htm |archive-date=2012-10-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

The first church in the city of Mostar, a [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], was built in 1834 during Ottoman rule.<ref name="Villa Menalo 1992">{{cite web |title=Mostar |website=Villa Menalo |date=1992-04-03 |url=http://www.villa-menalo.com/mostar-210.html |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201056/http://www.villa-menalo.com/mostar-210.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Austrian and Yugoslav period===
{{stack|float=left|[[File:Mostar-1900.jpg|thumb|left|People of Mostar in 1890–1900]] [[File:Stjepan Radic in Mostar, 1925.jpg|thumb|left|People gathered waiting for [[Stjepan Radić]] to arrive in Mostar in 1925]]}}

[[Austria-Hungary]] took [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|control over Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1878 and ruled the region until the [[aftermath of World War I]] in 1918, when it became part of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] and then [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. During this period, Mostar was the main urban centre of [[Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Taking Vengeance on the Serbs |url=https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/n54/mode/1up |newspaper=The Independent |date=July 13, 1914 |access-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> In 1881, the town became the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mostar-Duvno]] and, in 1939, it became a part of the [[Banovina of Croatia]]. During [[World War II]], Mostar was annexed into the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[fascist]] [[puppet state]], the [[Independent State of Croatia]].

During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule (1878–1918), Mostar's city council cooperated with the Austro-Hungarian administration to implement sweeping reforms in city planning: broad avenues and an urban grid were imposed on the western bank of the Neretva, and significant investments were made in infrastructure, communications and housing. City administrators like [[Mustafa Mujaga Komadina]] were central players in these transformations, which facilitated growth and linked the eastern and western banks of the city. Noteworthy examples of Austro-Hungarian architecture include [[Hotel Neretva]], the Municipality building, which was designed by the architect [[Josip Vancaš]] from [[Sarajevo]], residential districts around the Rondo, and [[Gimnazija Mostar]] from 1902 designed by [[František Blažek]].
[[File:8. korpus NOVJ u Mostaru, februar 1945.jpg|thumb|8th Yugoslav Partisans' Corps in liberated Mostar, February 1945]]

After World War II, Mostar developed industries producing [[plastic]]s, [[tobacco]], [[bauxite]], [[wine]], [[aircraft]] and [[aluminium]]. Several [[dam]]s (''Grabovica'', ''Salakovac'', ''Mostar'') were built in the region to harness the [[hydroelectric power]] of the Neretva. The city was a major industrial and tourist center and prospered economically during the time of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

When the German and Italian [[Independent State of Croatia#Zones of influence|Zones of Influence]] were revised on 24 June 1942, Mostar fell in {{ill|Zone II (NDH)|lt=Zone II|hr|Druga zona (NDH)}}, administered civilly by Croatia but militarily by Italy. The boundary with {{ill|Zone III (NDH)|lt=Zone III|Treća zona (NDH)}} was on [[Prenj]].{{sfn|Trgo|1964|p=341}}

Between 1948 and 1974 the industrial base was expanded with construction of a [[Metalworking|metal-working]] factory, [[Cotton textile industry|cotton textile mills]], and an aluminum plant. Skilled workers, both men and women, entered the work force and the social and demographic profile of the city was broadened dramatically; between 1945 and 1980, Mostar's population grew from 18,000 to 100,000.

Because Mostar's eastern bank was burdened by inadequate infrastructure, the city expanded on the western bank with the construction of large residential blocks. Local architects favored an austere [[modernist]] aesthetic, prefabrication and repetitive modules. Commercial buildings in the [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalist]] style appeared on the historic eastern side of the city as well, replacing more intimate timber constructions that had survived since Ottoman times. In the 1970s and 1980s, a healthy local economy fueled by foreign investment spurred recognition and conservation of the city's cultural heritage. An economically sustainable plan to preserve the old town of Mostar was implemented by the municipality, which drew thousands of tourists from the Adriatic coast and invigorated the economy of the city. The results of this ten-year project earned Mostar an [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] in 1986.<ref name="Pasic, Amir 2004"/>

According to the [[1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|1991 census]], Mostar had 127,000 inhabitants with roughly an equal number of [[Bosniaks]] (34.6%) and [[Croats]] (34%), 18.8% [[Serbs]], and 13.6% of those who declared themselves [[Yugoslavs]] or Others.<ref name=DPC>Bodo Weber, [http://www.democratizationpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/DPC-Policy-Note16_The-Wests-Dirty-Mostar-Deal.pdf The West's Dirty Mostar Deal: Deliverables in the Absence of a BiH Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218112532/http://www.democratizationpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/DPC-Policy-Note16_The-Wests-Dirty-Mostar-Deal.pdf |date=2020-12-18 }}, ''Democratisation Policy Council'' policy note #16, December 2020</ref>

===Bosnian War===
[[File:Mostar-damagedhouses-2-2001.jpg|thumb|War damage on the former Mostar frontline, 2001]]
After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared [[1992 Bosnian independence referendum|independence]] from Yugoslavia in April 1992, the town was [[Siege of Mostar|besieged]] by the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA), following clashes between the JNA and Croat forces. The Croats were organized into the [[Croatian Defence Council]] (HVO){{sfn|Tanner|2001|p=286}} and were joined by a sizable number of Bosniaks.{{sfn|Goldstein|1999|p=243}} The JNA artillery periodically shelled neighbourhoods outside of their control from early April.{{sfn|CIA|2002|p=156-157}}

On 7 June the [[Croatian Army]] (HV) launched an offensive code named [[Operation Jackal]], the objective of which was to relieve Mostar and break the JNA [[siege of Dubrovnik]]. The offensive was supported by the HVO, which attacked the [[Army of Republika Srpska]] (VRS) positions around Mostar. By 12 June the HVO secured the western part of the city and by 21 June the VRS was completely pushed out from the eastern part. Numerous religious buildings and most of the city's bridges were destroyed or severely damaged during the fighting.{{sfn|CIA|2002|p=156-157}} Among them were the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Cathedral of Mary, Mother of the Church, Mostar|Cathedral of Mary, Mother of the Church]], the [[Franciscan]] Church and Monastery, the Bishop's Palace and 12 out of 14 mosques in the city. After the VRS was pushed from the city, the [[Serbian Orthodox]] [[Žitomislić Monastery]] and the [[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar|Cathedral of the Holy Trinity]] were demolished.{{sfn|Ruggles|2012|p=152-153}}

Throughout late 1992, tensions between Croats and Bosniaks increased in Mostar. In early 1993 the [[Croat–Bosniak War]] escalated and by mid-April 1993 Mostar had become a divided city with the western part dominated by HVO forces and the eastern part controlled by the [[Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (ARBiH).<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web |title=Mostar |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mostar |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614111106/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mostar |url-status=live }}</ref> Fighting broke out in May when both sides of the city came under intense artillery fire.{{sfn|Christia|2012|p=157-158}} The city was divided along ethnic lines, with a number of offensives taking place, resulting in a series of stalemates.{{sfn|Tanner|2001|p=290}}{{sfn|Christia|2012|p=159}}{{sfn|CIA|2002|p=201}} The Croat–Bosniak conflict ended with the signing of the [[Washington Agreement]] in 1994, and the Bosnian War ended with the [[Dayton Agreement]] in 1995. Around 2,000 people died in Mostar during the war.{{sfn|Yarwood|Seebacher|Strufe|Wolfram|1999|p=4}}

Two wars (Serb forces versus Bosniak and Croatian and Croat-Bosniak war) left Mostar physically devastated and ethno-territorially divided between a Croat-majority west bank (with ca. 55,000 residents) and a Bosniak-majority old City and east bank (with ca. 50,000 residents), with the frontline running parallel to the Neretva River. Most Serbs had fled the city.<ref>Commission for Reforming the City of Mostar: ''Recommendations of the Commission Report of the Chairman'', 15 December 2003, p.55.</ref>

===Post-war developments===
[[File:Bosnia, Mostar, old bridge 2.JPG|thumb|right|The Old Bridge undergoing reconstruction in June 2003.]]

Since the end of the wider war in 1995, great progress has been made in the reconstruction of the city of Mostar under the [[European Union Administration of the City of Mostar]] (EUAM).<ref name="stahn08">{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511585937 |title=The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration |date=2008 |last1=Stahn |first1=Carsten |isbn=978-0-521-87800-5 }}</ref> Over 15 million dollars has been spent on restoration.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

A monumental project to rebuild the Old Bridge, which was destroyed during the [[Bosnian War]] by HVO, to the original design, and restore surrounding structures and historic neighbourhoods was initiated in 1999 and mostly completed by spring 2004. The money for this reconstruction was donated by [[Spain]] {{citation needed|date=June 2013}} (who had a sizable contingent of peacekeeping troops stationed in the surrounding area during the conflict), the [[United States]], [[Turkey]], [[Italy]], the [[Netherlands]], and [[Croatia]]. A grand opening was held on 23 July 2004 under heavy security.

In parallel, the [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]] and the [[World Monuments Fund]], with funding provided by the [[World Bank]], undertook a five-year-long restoration and rehabilitation effort to regenerate the most significant areas of historic Mostar, and particularly the urban tissue around the Old Bridge. Also in July 2004, the Stari Grad Agency was launched to operate and maintain the restored buildings, including the Old Bridge complex, and promote Mostar as a cultural and tourist destination.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akdn.org/news/mostar_230704.html |title=Resurgence of Mostar's Historic City Centre |access-date=2006-11-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206022522/http://www.akdn.org/news/mostar_230704.html |archive-date=2006-12-06}}</ref>

In July 2005, [[UNESCO]] inscribed the Old Bridge and its closest vicinity onto the [[World Heritage List]].

International reconstruction efforts also aimed at the reunification of the divided city. The February 1996 Mostar Agreement led to the adoption of the Interim Statute of the city the same month, and to a 1-year period of EUAM, headed by former [[Bremen]] mayor [[Hans Koschnick]], until early 1997.<ref name="apnews.com">[https://apnews.com/article/03d8ef6db3d846c39d7470e3b4589cfa German diplomat who was EU administrator of Mostar, dies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905171238/https://apnews.com/article/03d8ef6db3d846c39d7470e3b4589cfa |date=2022-09-05 }}. AP, April 21, 2016</ref>

After six years of implementation, in 2003 [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|OHR]] [[Paddy Ashdown]] established an "international commission for reforming Mostar", whose final report noted how the HDZ/SDA power-sharing in Mostar had entrenched division and corruption, with "rampant parallelism" in administrative structures and usurpation of power by the municipalities over the City.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|5}} A new Statute was negotiated, and finally imposed in February 2004 by [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|OHR]] [[Paddy Ashdown]].<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|6}}

In November 2010, the [[Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Constitutional Court]] struck down as discriminatory the electoral framework for Mostar. The Bosniak and Croat ruling parties were unable, however, to reach a new compromise. Lacking a legal basis, local elections could not take place in Mostar in [[2012 Bosnian municipal elections|2012]] and [[2016 Bosnian municipal elections|2016]], and outgoing mayor [[Ljubo Bešlić]] (HDZ BiH) remained in office as the only person authorised to allocate the city budget on an emergency basis. Almost a decade without administration led to a decline in service provision, including trash collection. In October 2019 [[Irma Baralija]] won a case against Bosnia and Herzegovina at the [[European Court of Human Rights]] for the lack of elections in Mostar. Finally, a political deal, agreed under international mediation in June 2020, enabled legislative amendments in July 2020 and the conduct of the vote in Mostar on 20 December 2020.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-mostar-election-idUSKCN24O1VP |title=Bosnia's city of Mostar to hold election on December 20 after 12 years |newspaper=Reuters |date=July 23, 2020 |via=www.reuters.com |access-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726182943/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-mostar-election-idUSKCN24O1VP |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Local elections in Mostar">{{Cite web |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2020-002851_EN.html |title=Parliamentary question &#124; Local elections in Mostar &#124; E-002851/2020 &#124; European Parliament |first=Klemen |last=GROŠELJ |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |access-date=2020-12-16 |archive-date=2022-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914033620/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2020-002851_EN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{Main|Architecture of Mostar}}
[[File:View of Mostar 01.jpg|thumb|Old Town of Mostar]]
[[File:Mostar gimnasium.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gimnazija Mostar]], designed by architect [[František Blažek]]]]
[[File:Koski Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Mostar 01.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Koski Mehmed Paša Mosque]]
[[File:Mostar14BIH38.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Church of St. Peter and Paul, Mostar|Catholic church and Franciscan monastery of St. Peter and Paul]]]]
[[File:Sabornihram.jpg|thumb|[[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar|Cathedral of the Holy Trinity]]]]

Mostar has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles. [[Historicist]] architectural styles reflected [[Multiculturalism|cosmopolitan]] interest and exposure to foreign aesthetic trends and were artfully merged with indigenous styles.<ref name="Zadro-Architecture of Historicism">{{cite web |author1=Sanja Zadro Ursić |date=2014 |title=Architecture of Historicism and Art Nouveau in Mostar |url=https://www.cidom.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Sanja-Zadro-Architecture-of-Historicism-and-Art-Nouve-in-Mostar.pdf |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=cidom.org |language=en}}</ref> Examples include the Italianate Franciscan church, the Ottoman [[Muslibegović House|Muslibegovića house]], the Dalmatian [[Birthplace of Svetozar Ćorović|Ćorović House]] and an [[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar|Orthodox church]] which was built as gift from the Sultan.

The Ottomans used monumental architecture to affirm, extend and consolidate their colonial holdings. Administrators and bureaucrats – many of them indigenous people who converted from Christianity to [[Islam]] – founded [[mosque]] complexes that generally included [[Quran|Koranic]] schools, soup kitchens or markets.<ref name="Pasic, Amir 2004">Pasic, Amir. Conservation and Revitalization of Historic Mostar. Geneva: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 2004.</ref>
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar
| Image = Stari Most viewed from North.jpg
| Caption = Old Bridge in the heart of the Old City of Mostar (viewed from the north)
| Criteria = Cultural: vi
| ID = 946
| Year = 2005
| Area = 7.6 ha
| Buffer_zone = 47.6 ha
}}

Out of the thirteen original mosques dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, seven have been lost during the 20th century for ideological reasons or by bombardment. One of the two 19th-century Orthodox churches has also disappeared, while the early 20th-century [[synagogue]], after suffering severe damage in the [[World War II]], has been converted into a theatre. Several Ottoman inns also survived, along with other buildings from this period of Mostar's history, such as fountains and schools.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

The majority of administrative buildings are from the Austro-Hungarian period and have [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] and [[Secession (art)|Secessionist]] characteristics. A number of surviving late Ottoman houses demonstrate the component features of this form of domestic architecture – upper storey for residential use, hall, paved courtyard, and veranda on one or two storeys. The later 19th-century residential houses are predominantly in neoclassical style.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

A number of early trading and craft buildings still exist, notably some low shops in wood or stone, stone storehouses, and a group of former tanneries round an open courtyard. Once again, the 19th-century commercial buildings are predominantly neoclassical. A number of elements of the early fortifications are visible, namely the Hercegusa Tower dating from the medieval period. By contrast, the Ottoman defence edifices are represented by the Halebinovka and Tara Towers – the watchtowers on the ends of the Old Bridge, and a stretch of the ramparts.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

The oldest single arch stone bridge in Mostar, the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170306225556/http://www.bhtourism.ba/eng/whattoseeanddo.wbsp?wbf_mjesto=;2; Kriva Cuprija ("Sloping Bridge")], was built in 1558 by the Ottoman architect Cejvan Kethoda. It is said that this was to be a test before the major construction of the Stari Most began. The Old Bridge was completed in 1566 and was hailed as one of the greatest architectural achievements in the Ottoman  [[Balkans]]. The single-arch stone bridge is an exact replica of the original bridge that stood for over 400 years and that was designed by Hajrudin, a student of the great Ottoman architect Sinan. It spans {{cvt|28.7|m|abbr=off}} of the Neretva river, {{cvt|21|m|abbr=off}} above the summer water level. The Halebija and Tara towers have always housed the guardians of the bridge and during Ottoman times were also used as storehouses for ammunition. The arch is a perfect semicircle {{cvt|8.56|m|abbr=off}} in width and {{cvt|4.15|m|abbr=off}} in height. The frontage and vault are made of regular stone cubes incorporated into the horizontal layers all along the vault. The space between vault, frontal walls and footpath is filled with cracked stone. The bridge footpath and the approaching roads are paved with cobblestones, as are the main roads in the town. Stone steps enable people to ascend to the bridge from either side. During the armed conflict between Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats in the Bosnian War in the 1990s, the [[Stari Most|bridge]] was destroyed by the HVO (Croatian Defence Council).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sudetic |first1=Chuck |title=Mostar's Old Bridge Battered to Death |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/world/mostar-s-old-bridge-battered-to-death.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=29 June 2016 |date=1993-11-10 |archive-date=2016-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719025542/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/world/mostar-s-old-bridge-battered-to-death.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Cejvan Cehaj Mosque, built in 1552, is the oldest mosque in Mostar. Later a [[madrasa]] (Islamic school) was built on the same compound. The Old Bazaar, Kujundziluk, is named after the goldsmiths who traditionally created and sold their wares on this street, and still sells authentic paintings and copper or bronze carvings of the Stari Most, pomegranates (the natural symbol of Herzegovina), or the [[stećak]]s (medieval tombstones).

The Koski Mehmed Paša Mosque, built in 1617, is open to visitors. Visitors may enter the mosque and take photos (price of entry is 10KM). The [[minaret]] is also open to the public and is accessible from inside the mosque. Just around the corner from the mosque is the Tepa Market. This has been a busy marketplace since Ottoman times. It now sells mostly fresh produce grown in Herzegovina and, when in season, the figs and pomegranates are extremely popular. Local honey is also a prominent specialty, being produced all around Herzegovina.

==Culture==
[[File:First Croatian printing office in Mostar, 1920.jpg|thumb|First Croatian printing office in Mostar, 1920]]
Magazine ''[[Most (magazine)|Most]]'', along with [[Aleksa Šantić|Šantić]]'s Poetry Evenings, was most important outlet for cultural and artistic production in the city and the region, offering space for upstart poets and writers.<ref name="balkans.aljazeera">{{Cite web |last=Voloder |first=Sanadin |title=Mostaru nedostaje Alija Kebo |url=https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2019/1/18/mostaru-nedostaje-alija-kebo |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=balkans.aljazeera.net |language=bs}}</ref><ref name="tacno.net-2020-nedostaje-most">{{cite web |author1=Gradimir Gojer |author1-link=Gradimir Gojer |title=MOSTARU ITEKAKO NEDOSTAJE "MOST" |url=https://www.tacno.net/kultura/mostaru-itekako-nedostaje-most/ |website=Tacno.net |access-date=3 November 2022 |language=sh |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> Dani Matice Hrvatske is one of city's significant cultural events and it is commonly sponsored by the [[Croatian Government]] and the [[Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. Mostar Summer is another umbrella event which includes Šantić Poetry Evenings, Mostar Summer Festival and Festival of Bosnia and Herzegovina choirs/ensembles. The city is a home of music festival named [[Melodije Mostara]] (Mostar Melodies), which has been held annually since 1995. Theatre festivals include [[Mostarska Liska]] (organized by the [[National Theatre Mostar]]) and The Mostar Spring (organized by the [[Matica hrvatska]] Mostar).<ref>NARODNO-MOSTAR.INFO . "[https://archive.today/20130702105727/http://www.narodno-mostar.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=10&Itemid=13/ Mostar Liska (in local language) ]". Retrieved on 16 May 2013.</ref><ref>maticahrvatska-mostar.ba . "[http://www.maticahrvatska-mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=6&Itemid=53/ Mostarsko proljece (in local language) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214232657/http://www.maticahrvatska-mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=6&Itemid=53%2F |date=2015-02-14 }}". Retrieved on 16 May 2013.</ref>

Mostar art institutions include:
*[[Croatian Lodge "Herceg Stjepan Kosača"]]
*[[Cultural Center Mostar]]
*[[OKC Abrašević]] (English: Abrašević Youth Center)
*[[Pavarotti Music Centre]]
*[[Croatian National Theatre, Mostar|Croatian National Theatre in Mostar]]
*[[National Theatre Mostar]]
*[[Museum of the Old Bridge]]
*[[Herzegovina Museum]]
*[[Mostar Youth Theatre]]
*[[Aluminij Gallery]]
*[[Birthplace of Svetozar Ćorović]] ([[Aleksa Šantić]] House)
*[[Muslibegović House]]
*[[World Music Centre]]
*[[Puppet Theatre Mostar]]

Mostar cuisine is balanced between Western and Eastern influences. Traditional Mostar food is closely related to [[Turkish cuisine|Turkish]], [[Middle Eastern]] and other [[Mediterranean cuisine]]s. However, due to years of [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] rule and influence, there are many culinary influences from [[Central Europe]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.abebooks.com/9781841620947/Bosnia-Herzegovina-Bradt-Travel-Guide-1841620947/plp |pages=93–97 |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-84162-094-7 |author=Tim Clancy |title=Bosnia & Herzegovina, The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |access-date=2013-06-07 |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214223524/http://www.abebooks.com/9781841620947/Bosnia-Herzegovina-Bradt-Travel-Guide-1841620947/plp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Dz0srxxDFoC |pages=87–94 |isbn=978-92-871-5744-7 |title=Culinary cultures of Europe: identity, diversity and dialogue |editor=Darra J. Goldstein, Kathrin Merkle Council of Europe. |access-date=2013-06-07 |date=2005-01-01|publisher=Council of Europe }}</ref> Some of the dishes include [[ćevapčići]], [[burek]], [[Sarma (food)|sarma]], [[japrak]], [[musaka]], [[dolma]], [[sujuk]], [[sač]], [[đuveč]], and [[sataraš]]. Local desserts include [[baklava]], [[hurmašice]], [[sutlijaš]], [[tulumbe]], [[tufahije]], and [[šampita]].

==Economy==
[[File:Aluminij_Factory_Mostar.jpg|thumb|[[Aluminij]] factory ]]

Mostar's economy relies heavily on the [[aluminium]] & metal industry, banking services & the [[telecommunication]] sector. {{citation needed|date=June 2013}} The city is home of some of the country's largest corporations.

Along with [[Sarajevo]] & [[Banja Luka]], it is the largest financial center in Bosnia & Herzegovina. One of three largest banks in the country has its headquarters in Mostar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicredit.ba/ba/banka.html#home |title=UniCredit Bank |language=hr |publisher=unicredit.ba |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223064807/https://www.unicredit.ba/ba/banka.html#home |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biznisinfo.ba/addiko-bank-seli-u-sarajevo-gasi-se-100-radnih-mjesta-u-mostaru/ |title=Addiko Bank seli u Sarajevo: Gasi se 100 radnih mjesta u Mostaru? |date=10 January 2017 |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923080201/https://www.biznisinfo.ba/addiko-bank-seli-u-sarajevo-gasi-se-100-radnih-mjesta-u-mostaru/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bosnia & Herzegovina has three national electric, postal & telecommunication service corporations; the seat of one per each group is placed in Mostar (electric utility provider [[Elektroprivreda HZ HB|Elektroprivreda HZHB]], postal service company [[Hrvatska pošta Mostar]] & [[HT Eronet]], the third largest telecommunication company in the country). These three companies (along with banks & aluminium factory) make a vast portion of overall economic activity in the city. {{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

Prior to the 1992–1995 [[Bosnian War]], Mostar relied on other important companies which had been closed, damaged or downsized. They included [[SOKO]] (military aircraft factory) & Hepok (food industry). In 1981, Mostar's GDP per capita was 103% of the Yugoslav average.<ref>{{cite book |title=Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju |year=1984 |edition=3rd |publisher=Sveučilišna naklada Liber |location=Zagreb |language=hr |editor1-first=Radovan |editor1-last=Radoredactedvić |editor2-first=Ivan |editor2-last=Bertić}}</ref>

Aluminum manufacturing company [[Aluminij Industries]] is the sole remaining large company that was prominent during the former Yugoslavia. It is one of the country's largest exporter companies & it has a number of international partners. It is one of the most influential companies in the region as well. The city of Mostar alone has direct income of €40 million annually from Aluminij.{{citation_needed|date=October 2018}}

Considering the fact that three dams are situated on the city of Mostar's territory, the city has a solid base for further development of production. There is also an ongoing project for the possible use of wind power & building of windmills. The private sector has seen a notable increase in small & medium enterprises over the past couple of years contributing to the positive business climate. {{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

Mostar also hosts the annual [[International Economic Fair Mostar]] ("Međunarodni sajam gospodarstva Mostar")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mostarski-sajam.com/ |title=NASLOVNICAPočetna stranica |publisher=Mostarski-sajam.com |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-date=2016-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111062333/http://mostarski-sajam.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which was first held in 1997.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type=
|percentages=pagr
|1948|45419 |1953|40559 |1961|72453 |1971|89580 |1981|110371 |1991|126628 |2013|105797
}}
In 2013 the municipality had a total population of 105,797 according to the census results and the city itself had a population of 60,195.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013 |url=http://www.statistika.ba/?show=12&id=11410 |publisher=[[Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |accessdate=October 9, 2021 |language=Bosnian |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927220756/http://www.statistika.ba/?show=12&id=11410 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Ethnic groups===
Its population consists of the following ethnic groups: [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]] (48.4%); [[Bosniaks]] (44.1%) and [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]] (4.1%). The city of Mostar has the largest population of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As in many other cities, its demographic profile was significantly altered after the Bosnian War.

According to the official data of the local elections of 2008, among six city election districts, three western ones (Croat-majority) had 53,917 registered voters, and those three on the east (Bosniak-majority) had 34,712 voters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/Mandati27102008/ShowMunicipality.asp?MunicipalityCode=153&M=1 |title=IZBORI 2008 |publisher=Izbori.ba |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-date=2012-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331121424/http://www.izbori.ba/Mandati27102008/ShowMunicipality.asp?MunicipalityCode=153&M=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ethnic composition of the city of Mostar, per indicated census years:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Ethnic group
!1910<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spezialortsrepertorium der österreichischen Länder I-XII, Wien, 1915–1919 |url=http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529164005/http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank |archive-date=2013-05-29 |access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref>
!1931<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definitivni rezultati popisa stanovništva: od 31 marta 1931 godine, Knj. 1, Prisutno stanovništvo, broj kuća i domaćinstava, Résultats définitifs du recensement de la population: du 31 mars 1931, Livre 1, Population de fait, nombre de maisons et de ménages |url=https://www.sistory.si/11686/www.sistory.si/11686/4759 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=www.sistory.si |page=81 |language=sl |archive-date=2022-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914033645/https://www.sistory.si/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1948<ref>{{cite web |title=Nacionalni Sastav Stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G1948/Pdf/G19484001.pdf |publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku (Srbija) |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=sr | archive-date=1 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401003506/https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G1948/Pdf/G19484001.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>
! 1961<ref>{{cite web |title=Nacionalni Sastav Stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1961/Pdf/G19614001.pdf |publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku (Srbija) |access-date=24 December 2016 |language=sr |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220213157/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1961/pdf/G19614001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 1971<ref>{{cite web |title=Nacionalni Sastav Stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1971/Pdf/G19714001.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku (Srbija) |access-date=24 December 2016 |language=sr |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085417/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1971/pdf/G19714001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 1981<ref>{{cite web |title=Nacionalni Sastav Stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1981/Pdf/G19814001.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku (Srbija) |access-date=24 December 2016 |language=sr |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040602/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1981/pdf/G19814001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 1991
! 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=POPIS STANOVNIŠTVA, DOMAĆINSTAVA I STANOVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2013. REZULTATI POPISA |url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |website=popis2013.ba |access-date=24 December 2016 |language=sr |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bosniaks]]/[[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]]
|align="right" |7,212
|align="right" |8,844
|align="right" |9,981
|align="right" |10,513
|align="right" |33,645
|align="right" |34,247
|align="right" |43,856
|align="right" |46,752
|-
|[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]
|align="right" |4,307
|align="right" |5,764
|align="right" |6,062
|align="right" |27,265
|align="right" |32,782
|align="right" |36,927
|align="right" |43,037
|align="right" |51,216
|-
|[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]
|align="right" |4,518
|align="right" |5.502
|align="right" |5,039
|align="right"|21,220
|align="right"|19,076
|align="right"|20,271
|align="right"|23,846
|align="right"|4,421
|-
|[[Yugoslavs]]
|
|
|
|align="right"|12,181
|align="right"|2,329
|align="right"|17,143
|align="right"|12,768
|align="right"|83
|-
|Others
|align="right"|355
|align="right"|185
|align="right"|332
|align="right"|1,274
|align="right"|1,748
|align="right"|1,789
|align="right"|3,121
|align="right"|3,408
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''
|align="right"|16,392
|align="right"|20,295
|align="right"|21,606
|align="right"|72,453
|align="right"|89,580
|align="right"|110,377
|align="right"|126,628
|align="right"|105,797
|}

===Settlements and neighborhoods===
The City of Mostar (aside from city proper) includes the following settlements:
{{flatlist|
*[[Bačevići]]
*[[Banjdol]]
*[[Blagaj, Mostar|Blagaj]]
*[[Bogodol]]
*[[Buna, Mostar|Buna]]
*[[Cim, Mostar|Cim]]
*[[Čule]]
*[[Dobrč]]
*[[Donja Drežnica]]
*[[Donji Jasenjani]]
*[[Dračevice]]
*[[Gnojnice]]
*[[Goranci, Mostar|Goranci]]
*[[Gornja Drežnica]]
*[[Gornje Gnojnice]]
*[[Gornji Jasenjani]]
*[[Gubavica]]
*[[Hodbina]]
*[[Humilišani]]
*[[Ilići]]
*[[Jasenica, Mostar|Jasenica]]
*[[Kosor, Mostar|Kosor]]
*[[Kremenac]]
*[[Krivodol, Mostar|Krivodol]]
*[[Kružanj]]
*[[Kutilivač]]
*[[Lakševine]]
*[[Malo Polje, Mostar|Malo Polje]]
*[[Miljkovići, Mostar|Miljkovići]]
*[[Ortiješ]]
*[[Pijesci]]
*[[Podgorani, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Podgorani]]
*[[Podgorje, Mostar|Podgorje]]
*[[Podvelež]]
*[[Polog, Mostar|Polog]]
*[[Potoci, Mostar|Potoci]]
*[[Prigrađani]]
*[[Rabina, Mostar|Rabina]]
*[[Raška Gora]]
*[[Raštani, Mostar|Raštani]]
*[[Ravni, Mostar|Ravni]]
*[[Rodoč]]
*[[Selište, Mostar|Selište]]
*[[Slipčići]]
*[[Sovići, Mostar|Sovići]]
*[[Sretnice]]
*[[Striževo]]
*[[Vihovići, Mostar|Vihovići]]
*[[Vojno]]
*[[Vranjevići, Mostar|Vranjevići]]
*[[Vrapčići, Mostar|Vrapčići]]
*[[Vrdi]]
*[[Željuša, Mostar|Željuša]]
*[[Žitomislići]]
*[[Žulja, Mostar|Žulja]]
}}

After the [[Bosnian War]], following the [[Dayton Agreement]], the villages of [[Kamena, Istočni Mostar|Kamena]], [[Kokorina]] and [[Zijemlje]] were separated from Mostar to form the new municipality of [[Istočni Mostar]] (East Mostar), in the [[Republika Srpska]].

==Climate==
Mostar, and [[Herzegovina]] area in general, experience a modified [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]], with cold, humid winters and hot, drier summers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fr.climate-data.org/location/618/= |title=Climate Summary for Mostar }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the summer months, occasional temperatures above {{cvt|40|C|F}} are not uncommon. In 1901, a temperature of {{cvt|46.2|C|F}} was measured in the city, which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vecernji.ba/najtopliji-mostar-1901-s-462-stupnja-309937 |title=Najtopliji Mostar 1901. S 46,2 stupnja |access-date=2017-07-23 |archive-date=2017-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826155003/https://www.vecernji.ba/najtopliji-mostar-1901-s-462-stupnja-309937 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Federal Hydrometeorological Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |title=Federal Hydrometeorological Institute |access-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009021245/http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The coldest month is January, averaging about {{cvt|41|F|0|order=flip}}, and the warmest month is July, averaging about {{cvt|78|F|0|order=flip}}. The sunniest months are between June and September. The remainder of the year is wet and mild.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/5/476241/Mostar-as-discussed-in-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina/ |title=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Mostar is the sunniest city in the country with an average of 2291 solar hours a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fzs.ba/BihB/Temperatures.htm |title=Temperatures and Precipitations |access-date=2015-01-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020302/http://www.fzs.ba/BihB/Temperatures.htm |archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref> Snow is relatively rare, and it usually melts within a few hours or days.

During the [[Early 2012 European cold wave|2012 European cold wave]], Mostar experienced unusually cold weather with freezing temperatures lasting for days and a record snow depth of {{cvt|82.5|cm|in|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Weather For 2012 in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina |url=https://weatherspark.com/history/32380/2012/Mostar-Federacija-Bosna-i-Hercegovina-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina |publisher=Cedar Lake Ventures, Inc |access-date=30 April 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201165729/https://weatherspark.com/history/32380/2012/Mostar-Federacija-Bosna-i-Hercegovina-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|location=Mostar (1981–2010, extremes 1949–present)
|metric first=Y
|single line=Y

|Jan record high C=20.0
|Feb record high C=25.0
|Mar record high C=27.6
|Apr record high C=31.5
|May record high C=35.6
|Jun record high C=41.2
|Jul record high C=46.2
|Aug record high C=43.1
|Sep record high C=38.8
|Oct record high C=32.5
|Nov record high C=27.4
|Dec record high C=19.8
|year record high C=

|Jan high C=9.1
|Feb high C=11.1
|Mar high C=15.2
|Apr high C=19.5
|May high C=25.1
|Jun high C=28.9
|Jul high C=32.5
|Aug high C=32.7
|Sep high C=27.0
|Oct high C=21.3
|Nov high C=14.4
|Dec high C=9.8

|Jan mean C=5.6
|Feb mean C=6.6
|Mar mean C=10.1
|Apr mean C=13.8
|May mean C=19.0
|Jun mean C=22.7
|Jul mean C=25.8
|Aug mean C=25.6
|Sep mean C=20.5
|Oct mean C=15.7
|Nov mean C=10.2
|Dec mean C=6.5

|Jan low C=2.4
|Feb low C=2.9
|Mar low C=5.7
|Apr low C=8.8
|May low C=13.2
|Jun low C=16.7
|Jul low C=19.5
|Aug low C=19.6
|Sep low C=15.4
|Oct low C=11.5
|Nov low C=6.8
|Dec low C=3.6

|Jan record low C=-10.9
|Feb record low C=-9.6
|Mar record low C=-6.5
|Apr record low C=-1.2
|May record low C=3.3
|Jun record low C=8.0
|Jul record low C=8.4
|Aug record low C=9.6
|Sep record low C=6.4
|Oct record low C=-0.1
|Nov record low C=-4.8
|Dec record low C=-7.8
|year record low C=

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=139
|Feb precipitation mm=120
|Mar precipitation mm=127
|Apr precipitation mm=118
|May precipitation mm=90
|Jun precipitation mm=70
|Jul precipitation mm=43
|Aug precipitation mm=60
|Sep precipitation mm=122
|Oct precipitation mm=152
|Nov precipitation mm=185
|Dec precipitation mm=176

|unit precipitation days=1 mm
|Jan precipitation days=9.2
|Feb precipitation days=8.4
|Mar precipitation days=9.0
|Apr precipitation days=10.3
|May precipitation days=8.2
|Jun precipitation days=7.0
|Jul precipitation days=4.2
|Aug precipitation days=4.8
|Sep precipitation days=6.7
|Oct precipitation days=8.7
|Nov precipitation days=10.5
|Dec precipitation days=10.7

|unit snow days=1.0 cm
|Jan snow days=2.9
|Feb snow days=1.5
|Mar snow days=0.6
|Apr snow days=0.0
|May snow days=0.0
|Jun snow days=0.0
|Jul snow days=0.0
|Aug snow days=0.0
|Sep snow days=0.0
|Oct snow days=0.0
|Nov snow days=0.1
|Dec snow days=1.2
|year snow days=6.3

|Jan humidity=65.9
|Feb humidity=63.3
|Mar humidity=61.0
|Apr humidity=61.8
|May humidity=62.7
|Jun humidity=61.2
|Jul humidity=52.7
|Aug humidity=53.7
|Sep humidity=60.1
|Oct humidity=65.2
|Nov humidity=69.3
|Dec humidity=67.4
|year humidity=62.0

|Jan sun=125
|Feb sun=129
|Mar sun=164
|Apr sun=180
|May sun=240
|Jun sun=271
|Jul sun=328
|Aug sun=306
|Sep sun=226
|Oct sun=174
|Nov sun=120
|Dec sun=111

|source 1=[[NOAA]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Bosnia_Herzegovina/MOSTAR_WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%2081_2010_.xls |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010: Mostar |publisher=[[NCEI|National Centers for Environmental Information]] |format=CSV |postscript=. |access-date=11 November 2021 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160807/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Bosnia_Herzegovina/MOSTAR_WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%2081_2010_.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2=Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina,<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507020828/http://atlasklime.fhmzbih.gov.ba/en/data-access/reference-period/9 |archive-date=7 May 2018 |url=http://atlasklime.fhmzbih.gov.ba/en/data-access/reference-period/9 |title=Meteorlogical data for station Mostar in period 1961–1990 |publisher=Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=6 May 2018}}</ref> altervista.org<ref name=extremes>{{cite web |url=http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/bosnia-ed-erzegovina/mostar/ |title=Mostar: Record mensili dal 1949 |publisher=Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=it |access-date=14 February 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401172640/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/bosnia-ed-erzegovina/mostar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=November 2021}}
|date=January 2011
}}

==Governance==
[[File:Panorama Mostara 252520035.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Panoramic view of Mostar]]

The City of Mostar has the status of a [[municipality]]. The city government is led by the mayor - since 15 February 2021 [[Mario Kordić]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]).

===Interim Statute (1996–2004)===
International reconstruction efforts aimed at the reunification of the divided city. The February 1996 Mostar Agreement led to the adoption of the Interim Statute of the city the same month and to a 1-year period of EU Administration of Mostar (EUAM), headed by former [[Bremen]] mayor [[Hans Koschnick]], till early 1997.<ref name="apnews.com"/>

The Interim Statute introduced a Yugoslav-style two-level of administration, with a City level with its own council and mayor (with two deputies) and six municipalities, each with its own administration and council, reflecting the wartime division: three in the Croat-majority West Mostar, and three in the Bosniak-majority East Mostar. A tiny "Central Zone" strip (not a municipality) was to host the rebuilt institutions of the city and, according to the original plans, also of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federation entity]].
Mostar citizens would cast three votes: the first two for the City council's 48 members (half from a city-wide lift and half from candidates in each municipality, 4 each), and the third to elect the members of the councils of the six municipalities. Ethnic quotas and veto rights were to prevent any domination.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|4}}

===2004 Statute===
After six years of implementation, in 2003 [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|OHR]] [[Paddy Ashdown]] established an "international commission for reforming Mostar", whose final report noted how the HDZ/SDA power-sharing in Mostar had entrenched division and corruption, with "rampant parallelism" in administrative structures and usurpation of power by the municipalities over the City.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|5}} The Mostar Commission, headed by another former German mayor, [[Norbert Winterstein]], gathered members of all Mostar parties with the overarching aim of reuniting the city. A new Statute was negotiated, although few points of contention remained. Finally, in February 2004 [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|OHR]] [[Paddy Ashdown]] imposed via its Bonn Powers the new City Statute and related amendments to the BiH Election Law and cantonal and Federation Constitutions. The 2004 Statute abolished the six municipalities and created a unified City administration with a single budget and one Mayor of Mostar, with no deputies. Ethnic quotas in the City council were replaced by minimum/maximum thresholds; 17 councillors would now be elected from a city-wide list, and 18 from the territories of the six former municipalities, now "city areas", which retained a single residual competence on "the distribution of revenues deriving from allocated construction land", managed by city area "commissions" formed by the 3 city councillors elected in each one. The "central zone" remained outside any city area, and its residents were only entitled to vote for the city-wide list.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|6}}

According to the City Statute, imposed by [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|High Representative]] [[Paddy Ashdown]] on 28 January 2004 after local politicians failed to reach an agreement, the mayor of Mostar has to be elected by the city council with a two-thirds majority.<ref>{{cite web |author=Piše: srijeda, 28.1.2004. 15:53 |url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/ashdown-nametnuo-novi-ustroj-mostara/183132.aspx |title=Ashdown nametnuo novi ustroj Mostara - Vijesti.net |publisher=Index.hr |date=2004-01-28 |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-date=2013-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525044335/http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/ashdown-nametnuo-novi-ustroj-mostara/183132.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ohr.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.ohr.int/decisions/mo-hncantdec/default.asp?content_id=31708 |title=Odluka kojom se proglašava Statut Grada Mostara |publisher=Ohr.int |date=2004-01-28 |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401225925/http://www.ohr.int/decisions/mo-hncantdec/default.asp?content_id=31708 |archive-date=2013-04-01}}</ref> Ashdown abolished the six municipalities that were divided equally among Bosniaks and Croats and replaced them with six electoral units,<ref name="isn">{{cite web |url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?ots591=4888CAA0-B3DB-1461-98B9-E20E7B9C13D4&lng=en&id=107315 |title=Hopeful rebirth for Bosnia's divided Mostar / ISN |publisher=Isn.ethz.ch |date=2004-02-03 |access-date=2013-06-07 |archive-date=2011-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614090837/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?ots591=4888CAA0-B3DB-1461-98B9-E20E7B9C13D4&lng=en&id=107315 |url-status=live }}</ref> ridding Mostar of duplicate institutions and costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pic/mostar-one-city/default.asp?content_id=31689 |title=High Representative's Letter to the Citizens of Mostar |publisher=Ohr.int |date=2004-01-28 |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401225919/http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pic/mostar-one-city/default.asp?content_id=31689 |archive-date=2013-04-01}}</ref> In the process Ashdown also reduced the number of elected officials from 194 to 35.<ref name="isn"/> According to the City Statute, the constituent peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs) are guaranteed a minimum of four seats and a maximum of 15 seats.<ref name="isn"/> 18 councillors are elected by election units (3 councillors from each of the 6 districts) and 15 councillors from a city-wide list.<ref name="ohr.int"/> This move was opposed by the [[Party of Democratic Action]] (SDA) and the [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (HDZ BiH).<ref name="isn"/>

===2008 elections===
On the basis of the [[2008 Bosnian municipal elections|2008 election]], the City Council was composed of 35 councillors from the following parties:

*[[Party of Democratic Action]] (SDA) 12
*[[People's Party Work for Prosperity]] (NSRzB) 7
*[[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (HDZ BiH) 7
*[[Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (SDP BiH) 3
*[[Croatian Democratic Union 1990]] (HDZ 1990) 3
*[[Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (SBiH) 2
*[[Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (HSP BiH) 1

Relative winners were SDA with the greatest number of votes. However, neither party had enough votes to ensure election of the mayor from their party. The City Council met 16 times without success. Eventually, [[OHR]] was involved, and High Representative made some minor changes to the City Statute. After that, [[Ljubo Bešlić]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]) was reelected as a mayor.

===2010 Constitutional Court ruling===
Following an appeal by [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]], in November 2010 the [[Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Constitutional Court]] found the electoral framework for Mostar (2004 Statute) to be discriminatory and unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ustavnisud.ba/dokumenti/_en/U-9-09-386218.pdf |title=CC BiH, U-9/09 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Among other things, the Constitutional Court noted that the votes of Mostar residents did not count the same, as the six electoral zones all elected 3 councillors despite their different population (with the smallest having 4 times fewer residents than the largest); and that the voters from the "central zone" counted less, as they only elected representatives from the city-wide list and not from any of the electoral zones.
The Court annulled the relevant provisions of the Election Law of BiH and of the 2004 Statute, and ordered the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH and the Mostar city assembly to revise them within six months.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|6}} Yet, the Bosniak and Croat ruling parties did not get to a compromise.

===Interim administration (2012–2020)===
In the absence of a legal basis, local elections could not take place in Mostar in [[2012 Bosnian municipal elections|2012]] and [[2016 Bosnian municipal elections|2016]]. The mandate of the City council also expired in 2012. Bešlić thus remained as acting mayor for eight additional years, during which he affirmed that he considered resigning multiple times,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ba.boell.org/en/2020/09/10/ljubo-beslic-potenciranje-iz-sarajeva-kako-je-mostar-podijeljen-grad-otvara-se-prica-da |title=Ljubo Bešlić: When Sarajevo keeps emphasising how Mostar is a divided city, people start talking about dividing that city &#124; Heinrich Böll Stiftung &#124; Ured u Sarajevo - Bosnia and Herzegovina |website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |access-date=2020-12-09 |archive-date=2021-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922061001/https://ba.boell.org/en/2020/09/10/ljubo-beslic-potenciranje-iz-sarajeva-kako-je-mostar-podijeljen-grad-otvara-se-prica-da |url-status=live }}</ref> also due to his deteriorating health.<ref name=RFE>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-mostar-beslic-eternal-mayor-ailing-city-services-vacuum-of-democracy-/30316500.html |title=With Mostar's 'Eternal Mayor' Ailing, Will Change Finally Come To Bosnia's 'Vacuum Of Democracy'? |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=10 December 2019 |access-date=2020-12-09 |archive-date=2020-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221173831/https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-mostar-beslic-eternal-mayor-ailing-city-services-vacuum-of-democracy-/30316500.html |url-status=live |last1=Synovitz |first1=Ron |last2=Behram |first2=Mirsad }}</ref> During this time, he shared the administrative duties with Izet Šahović, head of the Mostar City's Finance Department, a bureaucrat and member of the [[Bosniak]] [[Party of Democratic Action]] (SDA). For two full mandates, Bešlić and Šahović have decided together how to disburse Mostar's yearly 30 million euro budget, without any legislative oversight or public transparency. The situation has been denounced by multiple NGOs, which have pointed at the SDA-HDZ power-sharing as the source of the mal-administration of Mostar and the recurrent problems with trash collection, water treatment, and continued ethnic duplication of the city services.<ref name=RFE/>

During this period, several rounds of talks were held with international facilitation. Between October 2012 and May 2013 Deputy [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|High Representative]] [[Roderick W. Moore]] launched an 8-months mediation effort that produced a compromise framework aimed at merging the city areas (and central zone) into multi-ethnic voting districts. This was endorsed by the [[Peace Implementation Council]]'s Steering Board (PIC SB). Yet, the proposal found no political support when it was submitted by Moore's successor [[Tamir G. Waser]] in July 2014 to the [[Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina|BiH Parliament]]. A second mediation attempt led by US and UK ambassadors to BiH, [[Maureen Cormack]] and [[Edward Ferguson]], and based on a model with a single city-wide electoral district, also failed [in 2017]. In 2018, the two main parties HDZ BiH and SDA autonomously negotiated a compromise solution, based only on a formula for the election of the councillors from each city area along the "one man, one vote" principle, which would be later taken up in the June 2020 agreement.<ref name=DPC/>{{rp|6}}

In October 2019, the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in the case brought by [[Irma Baralija]] on the absence of electoral rights for the residents of Mostar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre?i=002-12638 |title=HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights |website=hudoc.echr.coe.int |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715013957/https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre?i=002-12638 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2020, the Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina amended the electoral law to allow for local elections in Mostar to be held in [[2020 Bosnian municipal elections|December 2020]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/date-confirmed-for-mostar-s-first-local-elections-in-12-years/30744810.html |title=Date Confirmed For Mostar's First Local Elections In 12 Years |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=24 July 2020 |access-date=2020-12-09 |archive-date=2020-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221174156/https://www.rferl.org/a/date-confirmed-for-mostar-s-first-local-elections-in-12-years/30744810.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reuters.com"/><ref name="Local elections in Mostar"/>

===2020 elections===
Following the [[2020 Bosnian municipal elections|election on 20 December 2020]], the 35 members of the new City Council include:<ref>Results as confirmed by the BiH Central Election Commission (CEC) on 3 January 2020</ref>
*[[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (HDZ BiH): 13 (+6)
*Coalition for Mostar ([[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]], [[Union for a Better Future of BiH|SBB]], [[Democratic Front (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|DF]], [[Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina|SBiH]], [[Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party|BPS]]): 11 (-1)
*BH Bloc ([[Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|SDP BiH]], [[Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|NS]]): 6 (+3)
*[[Croatian Republican Party]] (HRS): 3 (+3)
*Serb list "Stay Here – United for Our Mostar" ([[Alliance of Independent Social Democrats|SNSD]], [[Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|SDS]]): 1 (+1)
*[[First Mostar Party]] (PMP): 1 (+1)

===Former mayors of the City of Mostar===
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mostar.ba/mayor/articles/201.html |title=Mostar.ba |access-date=2020-12-06 |archive-date=2013-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123131856/http://www.mostar.ba/mayor/articles/201.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|--
! #
! Portrait
! width=180|Name  <!--<br /><small>(Born-Died)</small>-->
! colspan=2|Term of Office
! Party
|--
! | 1
| || President Ismail and members Muhamed, Ahmed, Huršid, Javer, Jure, Ivan, Lazar || 1871 || 1878 ||
|--
! | 2
| || [[Muhamed-beg Alajbegović]] <br />(Deputy: [[Blaško Zelenika]]) || 6 August 1878 || May 1890 ||
|--
! | 3
| || [[Ibrahim-beg Kapetanović]]|| January 1890 || 6 January 1897 ||
|--
! | 4
| || [[Ahmet-beg Hadžiomerović]]|| June 1897 || December 1907 ||
|--
! | 5
| || [[Mustafa Mujaga Komadina]] || 1909 || 2 November 1918 ||
|--
! | 6
| || [[Smail-aga Ćemalović]]|| 1919 || 1929 ||
|--
! | 7
| || [[Ibrahim Fejić]] <br />(Sub-mayors: Ljubo Krulj and Vlatko Tambić) || 1929 || 1934 ||
|--
! | 8
| || [[Muhamed Ridžanović]]|| 1935 || 1935 ||
|--
! | 9
| || [[Husaga Ćišić]]|| 1935 || 1940 ||
|--
! | 10
| || [[Husein Metiljević]]|| 1940|| 1941 ||
|--
! | 11
| || [[Šefkija Balić]]|| 1941 ||1941 ||
|--
! | 12
| || [[Muhamed Butum]]|| 1941 || 1942 ||
|--
! | 13
| || [[Salih Efica]] "Crni" || 1942 || 1945 ||
|--
! | 14
| || [[Salko Fejić]]|| 1945 || 1946 ||
|--
! | 15
| || [[Vilko Šnatinger]]|| 1946 || 1947 ||
|--
! | 16
| || [[Manojlo Ćabak]]|| 1947 || 1949 ||
|--
! | 17
| || [[Mustafa Sefo]]|| 1949 || March 1958 ||
|--
! | 18
| || [[Vaso Gačić]]|| August 1958|| October 1961 ||
|--
! | 19
| || [[Dušan Vukojević]]|| October 1961 || February 1963 ||
|--
! | 20
| || [[Muhamed Mirica]]|| November 1963 || May 1967 ||
|--
! | 21
| || [[Avdo Zvonić]]|| May 1967|| May 1969 ||
|--
! | 22
| || [[Radmilo – Braca Andrić]]|| May 1969 || May 1974 ||
|--
! | 23
| || [[Izet Brković]]|| May 1974|| June 1976 ||
|--
! | 24
| || [[Dževad Derviškadić]]|| June 1976|| April 1982 ||
|--
! | 25
| || [[Vlado Smoljan]]|| April 1982|| July 1983 ||
|--
! | 26
| || [[Nikola Gašić]]|| July 1983|| July 1985 ||
|--
! | 27
| || [[Damjan Rotim]]|| July 1985|| April 1986 ||
|--
! | 28
| || [[Nijaz Topuzović]] "Toza" || April 1986|| April 1988 ||
|--
! | 29
| || [[Jovo Popara]]|| 14 December 1988|| 14 December 1990 ||
|--
! | 30
| || [[Milivoj Gagro]]|| 14 December 1990|| 1992 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]
|--
! | 31
| || [[Mijo Brajković]] <br /> [[Safet Oručević]]|| 1992|| 1996 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]] <br /> [[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]
|--
! | 32
| || [[Ivan Prskalo (politician)|Ivan Prskalo]] <br /> Deputy: [[Safet Oručević]]|| 1996|| 2000 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]] <br /> [[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]
|--
! | 33
| || [[Neven Tomić]] <br /> Deputy: [[Hamdija Jahić]]|| 2000|| December 2004 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]] <br /> [[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]
|--
! | 34
| || [[Ljubo Bešlić]] <br /> Deputy: [[Hamdija Jahić]]|| December 2004|| 18 December 2009 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]] <br /> [[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]]
|--
! | 35
| || [[Ljubo Bešlić]] || 18 December 2009|| 15 February 2021 || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]]
|-
! | 36
| || [[Mario Kordić]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mostar.ba/mayor.html|title=Mayor of the City of Mostar|access-date=2020-12-06|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421143134/http://mostar.ba/mayor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 15 February 2021|| ''Incumbent'' || [[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ BiH]] 
|}

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
[[File:Gymnasium Mostar 1898-1902 Gimnazija Mostar damaged B-War renovated 2009 United World College Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann DSCN6157.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Gymnasium Mostar (built 1898–1902) within [[United World College]]]]
[[File:Grb-SveMo.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[University of Mostar]] Seal]]
Mostar has a number of various educational institutions. These include [[University of Mostar]], [[University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar]], [[United World College in Mostar]], nineteen high-schools and twenty four elementary schools.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bljesak.info/content/view/37733/158/ |trans-title=Classes begin for 15,000 students in Mostar |title=Počela nastava za 15 000 učenika na području Mostara |website=www.bljesak.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909182607/http://www.bljesak.info/content/view/37733/158/ |archive-date=September 9, 2009}}</ref> High-schools include sixteen vocational schools and three gymnasiums.<ref>{{cite web |author=asdf121 16.01.2012. |url=http://www.mostarinfo.net/mostar/opce_informacije/srednje_skole |title=Srednje škole / Opće informacije / Mostar / INFO |language=hr |publisher=MOSTARinfo |date=2012-01-16 |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728184810/http://www.mostarinfo.net/mostar/opce_informacije/srednje_skole |archive-date=2013-07-28}}</ref>

All public schools in Mostar, both elementary and secondary education, are divided between Croat curriculum and Federal (unofficially Bosniak) curriculum schools. This ethnic division of schools was emplaced during the very first year of the [[Bosnian War|Bosnian war]] and it continues, with some modifications, to this day. Today, the schools in Mostar and throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina are a site of struggle between ethno-national political elites<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/bih/ba/media_14091.html |title=UNICEF Bosnia and Herzegovina - Info centar - Podijeljene škole u BiH |website=www.unicef.org |access-date=2016-03-08 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308172338/http://www.unicef.org/bih/ba/media_14091.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> in ways that reveals the precarious position of youth in the volatile nation building processes<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laketa |first=Sunčana |date=2015-01-01 |publisher=Springer Singapore |isbn=9789814585941 |editor-last=Kallio |editor-first=Kirsi |series=Geographies of Children and Young People |pages=1–13 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-4585-94-1_6-1 |editor-last2=Mills |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last3=Skelton |editor-first3=Tracey |title=Politics, Citizenship and Rights |chapter=Youth as Geopolitical Subjects: The Case of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref> A partial exception to divided education is [[Gimnazija Mostar]] (also known as "Stara gimnazija") that implemented joint school administration and some joint student courses. However, Croat and Bosniak students in Gimnazija Mostar continue to have most courses according to the “national” curriculum, among them the so-called national subjects – history, literature, geography, and religion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15365.html |title=Citizens of an Empty Nation {{!}} Azra Hromadžić |website=www.upenn.edu |access-date=2016-03-08 |archive-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314025537/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15365.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The country's higher education reform and the signing of the [[Bologna Process]] have forced both universities to put aside their rivalry to some extent and try to make themselves more competitive on a regional level.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}

[[University of Mostar]] is the second largest university in the country and the only Croatian language university in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was founded in 1977 as the University "Džemal Bijedić" of Mostar, but changed name in 1992. The origin of the university can be traced back to the Herzegovina Franciscan Theological School, which was founded in 1895 and closed in 1945, was the first higher education institution in Mostar.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report on higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina : historical development, present state, and needs assessment |year=1996 |publisher=UNESCO/CEPES |location=Bucharest |isbn=978-9290691419 |author=Sreben Dizdar, Bakaršić Kemal |editor=Leland C. Barrows |page=23}}</ref> Today's University seal shows the building of the Franciscan Monastery.

[[University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar]] was founded in 1993. It employs around 250 professors and staff members. According to the Federal Office of Statistics, Džemal Bijedić University had 2,522 students enrolled during the 2012/2013 academic year.<ref name="fzs.ba">{{cite web |url=http://fzs.ba/saopcenja/2015/12.3.pdf |title=UPISANI STUDENTI NA VISOKOŠKOLSKIM USTANOVAMA ŠKOLSKA 2014./2015.GODINA |access-date=2013-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120083928/http://fzs.ba/saopcenja/2015/12.3.pdf |archive-date=2015-01-20}}</ref>

{{As of|2015}} school year, the University of Mostar had 10,712 students enrolled at eleven faculties making it the largest university in the city.<ref name="fzs.ba"/> Cumulatively, it has been attended by more than 40,000 students since the start of the Bologna process of education.

==Sports==
One of the most popular sports in Mostar is [[Association football|football]]. The two most successful teams are [[HŠK Zrinjski Mostar|HŠK Zrinjski]] and [[FK Velež Mostar|FK Velež]]. FK Velež won the [[Yugoslav Cup]] in [[1980–81 Yugoslav Cup|1981]] and in [[1985–86 Yugoslav Cup|1986]], which was one of the most significant accomplishments this club has achieved. Since the [[Bosnian War]], each club has generally been supported by a particular ethnic group (Velež for the Bosniaks and Zrinjski for the Croats). The matches between the two clubs are some of the country's most intense matches. Since the start of the [[Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], HŠK Zrinjski has won eight championships.

In [[basketball]], [[HKK Zrinjski Mostar]] competes at the nation's highest level while the [[HMRK Zrinjski Mostar|Zrinjski]] banner also represents the city in the top [[handball]] league. [[Vahid Halilhodžić]], a former Bosnian football player and current manager of the [[Morocco national football team]], started his professional career in [[FK Velež Mostar]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022408/http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/258/t25811.shtml Burić, Ahmed (24 May 2002). "Vahid Halilhodžić: Moja životna priča (I)" (in Bosnian). BH Dani. Retrieved 10 August 2011.]}}</ref>

In 2011, [[rugby union]] football club [[RK Herceg]] was founded. The club competes in national leagues within Bosnia & Herzegovina and in the regional league Adria Sevens.

Another popular sport in Mostar is [[swimming (sport)|swimming]]. There are three swimming teams in Mostar: PK Velež, KVS Orka and APK Zrinjski. The best Bosnian-Herzegovinian swimmer, [[Lana Pudar]], is from Mostar. Mostar has plenty of talented swimmers despite having just one 25-meter pool and one 12.5-meter pool.

In mountaineering, the local [[Croatian Mountaineering Association|HPS]] chapter was called ''HPD "Prenj"''.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1936 |orig-date=1936-05-15 |first=Josip |last=Plaček |title=Izvještaj tajnika |pages=212–245 |magazine=Hrvatski planinar |issn=0354-0650 |volume=32 |issue=7–8 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193607.pdf |language=hr}}</ref>{{rp|214}} It was liquidated on 20 January 1939.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1939 |orig-date=1939-05-05 |first=Josip |last=Plaček |title=Izvještaj tajnika |pages=238–264 |magazine=Hrvatski planinar |issn=0354-0650 |volume=35 |issue=7–8 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193907.pdf |language=hr}}</ref>{{rp|240}}

==Transport==
===Road===

===Rail===
The city is served by [[Mostar railway station]], with connections to the Capital and cross-border traffic with Croatia.

===Air===
[[File:OMO4.jpg|thumb|[[Mostar International Airport]]]]
Mostar is an important tourist destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The [[Mostar International Airport]] serves the city as well as the [[Mostar railway station|railway]] and bus stations which connect it to a number of national and international destinations. Mostar's old town is an important tourist destination with the [[Stari Most]] being its most recognizable feature.

==Tourism==
Some noteworthy sites include [[Bishop's Ordinariate]] building, the remains of an early Christian [[basilica]] at [[Cim (archaeological site)|Cim]], a ''[[Turkish bath|hamam]]'' (Ottoman public bath), clock tower (''sahat-kula''), Synagogue (1889) and Jewish Memorial Cemetery, Nesuh-aga Vučjaković Mosque, Hadži-Kurt Mosque or Tabačica, Metropolitan's Palace (1908), [[Karagöz Bey Mosque]] (1557), [[Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar|Cathedral of the Holy Trinity]] (1873), Catholic Church and Franciscan Monastery,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.turizam.mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110:katolika-crkva-i-franjevaki-samostan-1866&Itemid=424&lang=en |title=Catholic Church and Franciscan Monastery |website=www.turizam.mostar.ba |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2017-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318174434/http://www.turizam.mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110%3Akatolika-crkva-i-franjevaki-samostan-1866&Itemid=424&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ottoman Residences (16th–19th century), Crooked Bridge, Tara and Halebija Towers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.turizam.mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=203%3Abiskupski-ordinarijat&catid=41%3Aznamenitosti&Itemid=424&lang=en%2F |title=Biskupski ordinarijat |website=www.turizam.mostar.ba |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2017-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318174349/http://www.turizam.mostar.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=203%3Abiskupski-ordinarijat&catid=41%3Aznamenitosti&Itemid=424&lang=en%2F |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[World War II]] [[Partisan Memorial Cemetery in Mostar]], designed by the architect [[Bogdan Bogdanović (architect)|Bogdan Bogdanović]], is another important symbol of the city. Its sacrosanct quality is derived from the unity of nature (water and greenery) with the architectural expression of the designer; the monument was inscribed on the list of National Monuments in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2778/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214225310/http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2778%2F |url-status=dead |title=UNESCO: Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar |archivedate=February 14, 2015}}</ref>

The Catholic pilgrimage site of [[Međugorje]] is also nearby as well as the [[Blagaj Tekija|Tekija Dervish Monastery in Blagaj]], 13th-century town of [[Počitelj, Čapljina|Počitelj]], [[Blagaj Fortress]] (Stjepan-grad), [[Kravica (waterfall)|Kravica]] [[waterfall]], seaside town of [[Neum]], Roman villa rustica from the early fourth century [[Mogorjelo]], [[Stolac]] with its [[stećak]] necropolis and the remains of an ancient Greek town of [[Daorson]]. Nearby sites also include the nature park called [[Hutovo Blato]], archeological site [[Desilo]], [[Boračko Lake|Lake Boračko]] as well as [[Vjetrenica]] cave, the largest and most important cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>[http://www.visitmostar.net/Surroundings.htm/ Visit Mostar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817103100/http://www.visitmostar.net/Surroundings.htm |date=2011-08-17 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> 
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{cmn|colwidth=30em|rules=yes|

* [[Tea Alagic]] (born 1972), Bosnian-American theatre director
*[[Dušan Bajević]], footballer
*[[Aleksa Šantić]], poet
*[[Dervish Pasha Bajezidagić]], official and poet
*[[Sergej Barbarez]], footballer
*[[Bojan Bogdanović]], basketball player
*[[Svetozar Ćorović]], writer
*[[Vladimir Ćorović]], historian
*[[Ivan Ćurković]], footballer
*[[Dražen Dalipagić]], basketball player, Olympic champion
*[[Dejan Damjanović]], footballer
*[[Osman Đikić]], poet
*[[Franjo Džidić]], footballer
*[[Amina Kajtaz]], swimmer
*[[Meho Kodro]], footballer
*[[Zoran Mandlbaum]], leader of the Jewish Community of Mostar
*[[Enver Marić]], footballer
*[[Marino Marić]], handball player
*[[Predrag Matvejević]], writer
*[[Ćamila Mičijević]], handball player
*[[Florijan Mićković]], sculptor
*[[Gordan Mihić]], playwright
*[[Ahmed Rushdi Mostari]], poet
*[[Fevzi Mostari]], writer
*[[Vlado Mrkić]], writer and journalist
*[[Muhamed Mujić]], footballer, Olympic medalist
*[[Dragi Sestic]], music producer
*[[Saša Papac]], footballer
*[[Boro Primorac]], footballer
*[[Lana Pudar]], swimmer
*[[Nino Raspudić]], philosopher
*[[Ismet Rizvić]], painter
*[[Dženan Salković]], singer and songwriter
*[[Željko Samardžić]], singer
*[[Aleksa Šantić]], writer
*[[Marin Šego]], handball player
*[[Blaž Slišković]], footballer
*[[Arif Smajkic]], medical researcher and academic
*[[Branka Sovrlić]], singer
*[[Jasmin Spahić]], retired Bosnian footballer
*[[Sergej Trifunović]], actor
*[[Ornela Vištica]], actress
*[[Franjo Vladić]], footballer
*[[Hasan Ziyayi]], poet
*[[Leo Ajkic]], Norwegian TV host
}}

==Twin towns — sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
Mostar is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Gradovi prijatelji |url=http://www.mostar.ba/gradovi-prijatelji.html |website=mostar.ba |publisher=Mostar |language=bs |access-date=2021-03-28 |archive-date=2013-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030103002/http://www.mostar.ba/gradovi-prijatelji.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|JOR}} [[Amman]], Jordan
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Antalya]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arsoli]], Italy
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[İzmir]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kayseri]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Montegrotto Terme]], Italy
*{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Ohrid Municipality|Ohrid]], North Macedonia
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Osijek]], Croatia<ref>{{cite web |title=Potpisan sporazum o bratimljenju Mostara i Osijeka |url=https://www.mostar.ba/potpisan-sporazum-o-bratimljenju-mostara-i-osijeka/ |website=mostar.ba |date=26 May 2022 |publisher=Mostar |language=hr |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530044057/https://www.mostar.ba/potpisan-sporazum-o-bratimljenju-mostara-i-osijeka/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Orkland Municipality|Orkland]], Norway
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatia|Split]], Croatia
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Tutin, Serbia|Tutin]], Serbia
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Vukovar]], Croatia
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bassano del Grappa]], Italy
<!--rest - not twinning-->
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Radiotelevizija Herceg-Bosne]]
*[[Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Literature===
*{{cite book |last=Christia |first=Fotini |title=Alliance Formation in Civil Wars |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-13985-175-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psYgAwAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book |author=CIA |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Balkan battlegrounds: a military history of the Yugoslav conflict, 1990-1995 |volume=2 |publisher=Office of Russian and European Analysis |year=2002}}
*{{cite book |last=Goldstein |first=Ivo |author-link=Ivo Goldstein |title=Croatia: A History |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85065-525-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C}}
*{{cite book |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |contribution=Politics in Croatia since 1990 |editor-last=Ramet |editor-first=Sabrina P. |title=Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 |pages=258–285 |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1-139-48750-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C}}
*{{cite book |last=Ruggles |first=D. Fairchild |author-link=D. Fairchild Ruggles |title=On Location: Heritage Cities and Sites |publisher=Springer |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-4614-1108-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1W8XWWOxGgoC |year=2012}}
*{{cite book |last=Sells |first=Michael Anthony |author-link=Michael Sells |title=The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and Genocide in Bosnia |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-520-92209-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAdxZ6F2uEAC}}
*{{cite book |last=Tanner |first=Marcus |title=Croatia: A Nation Forged in War |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-300-09125-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfcpsAoSoewC}}
*{{cite book |last1=Toal |first1=Gerard |last2=Dahlman |first2=Carl T. |title=Bosnia Remade: Ethnic Cleansing and Its Reversal |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-973036-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1TrvGxJeasC}}
* {{cite book |date=1964 |editor-first=Fabijan |editor-last=Trgo |title=Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o Narodno-oslobodilačkom ratu Jugoslovenskih naroda |volume=V,32 |url=https://znaci.org/zb/4_5_32.htm}}
*{{cite book |last1=Udovički |first1=Jasminka |last2=Štitkovac |first2=Ejub |contribution=Bosnia and Hercegovina: The Second War |editor1-last=Udovički |editor1-first=Jasminka |editor2-last=Ridgeway |editor2-first=James |title=Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia |pages=175–216 |year=2000 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham |isbn=978-0-8223-2590-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHMioF8-CewC}}
*{{cite book |last1=Yarwood |first1=John R. |last2=Seebacher |first2=Andreas |last3=Strufe |first3=Niels |last4=Wolfram |first4=Hedwig |year=1999 |title=Rebuilding Mostar: Urban Reconstruction in a War Zone |publisher=Liverpool University Press |location=Liverpool |isbn=978-08-53239-03-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajTCcwTarrcC}}

==Further reading==
*{{Citation |publisher=W.J. Adams |location=London |title=Bradshaw's Hand-Book to the Turkish Empire |volume=1: Turkey in Europe |date=c. 1872 |chapter=Mostar|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA310 |title-link=Bradshaw's Guide}}
*{{Citation |title=Austria-Hungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia |publisher=Karl Baedeker |location=Leipzig |date=1905 |oclc=344268|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/austriahungaryi00firgoog#page/n640/mode/2up |chapter=Mostar}}
*{{Citation |publisher=McClurg & Co. |author=F. K. Hutchinson |location=Chicago |title=Motoring in the Balkans |date=1909 |oclc=8647011 |chapter=Mostar |ol=13515412M}}
*{{cite book |chapter=Mostar |page=608+ |publisher=E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1934|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC&pg=PA608 |title-link=Encyclopaedia of Islam |isbn=9004097961}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Mostar}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084527/http://www.visitmostar.net/ Visit Mostar]
*[http://www.mostar.ba/ City of Mostar]

{{Mostar municipality}}
{{Herzegovina-Neretva Canton}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Neretva}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mostar| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Populated places in Mostar]]
[[Category:Capitals of former nations]]