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Mottram in Longdendale
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}} {{Use British English|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox UK place | country = England | coordinates = {{coord|53.457|-2.011|display=inline,title}} | label_position = left | population = | official_name = Mottram in Longdendale | metropolitan_borough = [[Tameside]] | region = North West England | metropolitan_county = [[Greater Manchester]] | constituency_westminster = [[Stalybridge and Hyde (UK Parliament constituency)|Stalybridge and Hyde]] | post_town = HYDE | postcode_district = SK14 | postcode_area = SK | dial_code = 01457 | os_grid_reference = SJ992956 | static_image_name = Market Place, Mottram (2).jpg | static_image_caption = Market Place, Mottram | london_distance = }} '''Mottram in Longdendale''' is a village in [[Tameside]], [[Greater Manchester]], England, {{convert|1|mile|km|1}} west of [[Hadfield, Derbyshire|Hadfield]] and {{convert|3|miles|km|1}} east of [[Hyde, Greater Manchester|Hyde]]. Within the [[Historic counties of England|historic county]] of [[Cheshire]], it became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. Mottram in Longdendale was an [[ancient parish]] which covered an extensive area of north-east Cheshire until it was split into smaller parishes in the 19th century. It lies in [[Longdendale]], the valley of the [[River Etherow]], and is close to the border with [[Derbyshire]]. ==History== In 1795, [[John Aikin]] described Mottram as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aikin |first1=John |title=A Description of the Country from thirty to forty miles round Manchester |date=1795 |publisher=John Stockdale |location=London |page=458 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Description_of_the_Country_from_Thirty/26yoDlB5jZAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA450&printsec=frontcover |access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="TFHhistory">{{cite web|url=http://tamesidefamilyhistory.co.uk/mottram.htm|title=Tameside-Mottram history|last=Oliver|first=G.J|year=2008|publisher=Tameside Family Histories|accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> {{Blockquote |text=Mottram is situated twelve miles from Manchester and seven from Stockport, on a high eminence one mile to the west of the Mersey, from which river the ground begins to rise; half the way being so steep as to make it difficult of access. It forms a long street well paved both in the town and to some distance on the roads. It contains 127 houses, which are for the most part built of a thick flag stone, and covered with a thick, heavy slate, of nearly the same quality, no other covering being able to endure the strong blasts of wind which occasionally occur. Of late, many of the houses in the skirts of the town are built with brick. About fifty years ago, the houses were few in number, and principally situated on top of the hill, adjoining the churchyard, where is an ancient cross, and at a small distance the parsonage house, now gone much to decay and occupied by working people. It is only of late years that the town has had any considerable increase, which has been chiefly at the bottom of the hill, but some latterly on the top... |author=John Aikin |source=''A Description of the Country from thirty to forty miles round Manchester'' (1795)}} In the 18th century the [[River Etherow]] was known as the [[River Mersey|Mersey]]. The [[River Tame, Greater Manchester|River Tame]] has been a border from the earliest times between the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of [[Northumbria]] and [[Mercia]].<ref name="TFH"/> The ancient parish was the most northerly in Cheshire.<ref name="TFH">{{cite web |url=http://tamesidefamilyhistory.co.uk/boundaries.htm |title=Tameside-Historic Boundaries |last=Oliver|first=G.J|year=2008|publisher=Tameside Family Histories|accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> Mottram came to prominence as a transport hub. It lies on two [[pack horse]] routes used to carry [[salt]] from Cheshire to South Yorkshire over the [[Pennines]] and carry [[Lime (material)|lime]] for soil improvement from [[Chapel-en-le-Frith]].<ref name="TamesideMBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.tameside.gov.uk/longdendale/history|title=Township Information - Mottram-in-Longdendale|date=25 May 2011|publisher=TamesideMBC|accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> It was on the [[stagecoach]] route between [[Manchester]] and [[Sheffield]]. Before the [[Industrial Revolution]], Mottram and [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] had been the most significant towns in the area. The manor and manorial court house were in Mottram, but other towns eclipsed Mottram in size and importance. Mottram was active in the early stages of [[industrialisation]], and there were significant [[cotton mill|cotton spinning mills]] in Wedneshough Green and the Treacle Street areas of Mottram Moor, and printing and dyeing works on the Etherow at [[Broadbottom]] which until recently was part of the parish.<ref name="TamesideMBC"/> [[File:Hattersley & Mottram in Longdendale from Werneth Low (2) Feb 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Hattersley]] and Mottram in Longdendale from [[Werneth Low]]]] The smaller early mills in Mottram became uneconomic and harder to run. Stalling industrialisation led to social conflict and hunger during 1812 [[Luddite]] riots that led to the smashing of labour-reducing machines. The Luddites secretly drilled on Wedneshough Green. In 1842 local [[Chartism|Chartists]] met on the green, and planned the closure of [[Stalybridge]] factories in the [[1842 General Strike|Plug Riots]]. By 1860 the population had peaked.<ref name="TamesideMBC"/> The [[Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway]] was built in the early 1840s, passing along Longdendale. [[Broadbottom railway station]] opened in 1842; it was in the [[Township (England)|township]] of Mottram, but at the foot of the hill, a mile south of the village centre. The station was called 'Mottram' between 1845 and 1884, then 'Mottram and Broadbottom' between 1884 and 1954, after which it reverted to just 'Broadbottom'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Index of Railway Stations |url=https://www.cheshirearchives.org.uk/pdf/Railway-Station-Index.pdf |website=Cheshire Archives |access-date=18 February 2025 |page=5}}</ref> A Polish pilot, Josef Gawkowski, was killed on 19 July 1942 when his aircraft crashed near Mottram on a training flight from [[RAF Newton]] in [[Nottinghamshire]]. A memorial plaque commemorating him is in Mottram Cemetery. ==Governance== There is one main tier of local government covering Mottram, at [[metropolitan borough]] level: [[Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council]]. The council is a member of the [[Greater Manchester Combined Authority]], which is led by the directly-elected [[Mayor of Greater Manchester]]. Mottram forms part of the [[Longdendale (ward)|Longdendale ward]] of Tameside.<ref name=electionmaps>{{cite web |title=Election Maps |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> ===Administrative history=== [[File:St Michael and All Angels Church, Mottram - geograph.org.uk - 6862795.jpg|thumb|[[St Michael and All Angels Church, Mottram|St Michael and All Angels Church]] at the centre of the parish]] Mottram in Longdendale was an [[ancient parish]] within the [[Macclesfield Hundred]] of Cheshire. The parish was subdivided into eight [[Township (England)|townships]]: [[Godley, Greater Manchester|Godley]], [[Hattersley]], [[Hollingworth]], [[Matley]], [[Newton, Greater Manchester|Newton]], [[Stalybridge|Stayley]], [[Tintwistle]], and a Mottram township which covered the area around the village itself and [[Broadbottom]] to the south.<ref name=VoB>{{cite web |title=Mottram Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10113982 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Book of Reference to the Plan of the Parish of Mottram-in-Longdendale |date=1874 |publisher=Ordnance Survey |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Book_of_Reference_to_the_Plan_of_the_Par/hNMHAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA8-PP9&printsec=frontcover |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> From the 17th century onwards, parishes were gradually given various civil functions under the [[poor laws]], in addition to their original ecclesiastical functions. In some cases, including Mottram in Longdendale, the civil functions were exercised by each township separately rather than the parish as a whole. In 1866, the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws, and so the townships also became separate [[civil parish]]es.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume II, Northern England |date=1991 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0861931270 |page=xv}}</ref> A Mottram in Longdendale [[Local Government Act 1858|local government district]] was established in 1873, just covering the Mottram township, administered by an elected local board.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23970|page=2087|date=25 April 1873}}</ref> Such districts were converted into [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban districts]] under the [[Local Government Act 1894]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Cheshire |date=1914 |page=476 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/235673/rec/3 |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref> Mottram in Longdendale Urban District was abolished in 1936 to become part of the new [[Longdendale Urban District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mottram in Longendale [sic] Urban District |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10109656 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/ashton%20under%20lyne.html|title=Ashton under Lyne Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=19 November 2024}}</ref> In 1931 (the last census before the abolition of the urban district), Mottram in Longdendale had a population of 2,636.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10109656/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Mottram CP/AP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=18 February 2025}}</ref> Longdendale Urban District was in turn abolished in 1974 under the [[Local Government Act 1972]]. The area became part of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Tameside]] in [[Greater Manchester]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1972|year=1972|chapter=70|schedule=1|access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> ==Geography== [[File:Geologyofglossop.svg|thumb|Geology of the wider area]] Mottram occupies an elevated site straddling the [[A57 road|A57 trunk road]] from the end of the [[M67 motorway|M67]] to the junction with the [[A628 road|A628 trunk road]]. It is {{convert|10|mi|km}} east of [[Manchester]], on land between 150m to 250m above mean sea level. The geology is mainly [[boulder clay]] above [[millstone grit]],<ref name="TAmesideMBCGeology">{{cite web|url=http://www.tameside.gov.uk/contaminatedland/strategy/part5|title=6. Geology of Tameside|date=28 February 2011|work=Contaminated Land Strategy|publisher=TamesideMBC|accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> but there are small outcrops of coal at the edge of the [[Lancashire Coalfield]]. To the south and east of Mottram is the [[River Etherow]] and to the west is the Hurstclough Brook. Mottram is classed as part of the built-up area of Hadfield (the main part of which is in [[Derbyshire]]) by the [[Office for National Statistics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales/census2021 |website=Census 2021 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref> The Ordnance Survey labels the village 'Mottram in Longdendale' on its maps, but the [[Royal Mail]] uses the shorter form 'Mottram' for the [[Post town#Locality|postal locality]], which is part of the Hyde [[post town]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Find an address |url=https://www.royalmail.com/find-a-postcode |website=Royal Mail |access-date=18 February 2025}} (Search for SK14 6JJ for examples of official postal addresses in Mottram.)</ref> ===Longdendale bypass proposal=== [[Image:Longdendale Bypass Map.PNG|thumb|A map showing the proposed bypass route]] The A628 trunk road connects the M67 motorway from [[Manchester]] to the [[M1 motorway]] in [[South Yorkshire]]. The road is single-carriageway through Mottram, [[Hollingworth]] and [[Tintwistle]] and through the [[Peak District National Park]], it is used by large numbers of [[heavy goods vehicles]]. It is one of the most congested A-road routes in the country, with high volumes of traffic (including HGVs) using a road which is totally unsuitable for the volume and nature of traffic it carries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mjpatch.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/|title=Introduction|publisher=Longdendale Siege Committee website|accessdate=20 January 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109101323/http://www.mjpatch.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/|archivedate=9 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The A628 through Mottram carries traffic from the [[A57 road]] linking Manchester through Glossop to Sheffield over the Snake Pass, another major Trans-Pennine route. Congestion at peak times backs up through Glossop and Hadfield rendering local journeys impossible. To solve these problems the [[Longdendale Bypass]] was approved in December 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://real-deal-blog.com/2014/12/09/mottram-longdendale-bypass-approved-2014/|title=Mottram Bypass Finally Approved|date=9 December 2014 |publisher=Real Deal website|accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref> but has not yet been started. There is considerable local feeling that there is no viable alternative to a bypass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mjpatch.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Suggested_alternatives_Nov_05.htm|title=Suggested Alternative Solutions?|publisher=Longdendale Siege Committee website|accessdate=20 January 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820071500/http://www.mjpatch.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Suggested_alternatives_Nov_05.htm|archivedate=20 August 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <!-- To be written ==Demography== ==Economy== --> ==Landmarks== [[St Michael and All Angels Church, Mottram|St Michael and All Angels Church]] dates from the late 15th century. The church is a [[Listed Building#England and Wales|Grade II* Listed Building]], built in the [[Perpendicular Gothic]] style. The interior of St. Michael's was remodelled in 1854 but the exterior remains intact from the 15th and 16th centuries.<ref>{{cite book |first=Mike |last=Nevell |year=1991 |title=Tameside 1066β1700 |publisher=Tameside Metropolitan Borough and [[Manchester University|University of Manchester Archaeological Unit]] |pages=122, 140 |isbn=1-871324-02-5}}</ref> The church stands high up on Warhill overlooking the village. In 2010, vandals destroyed the church's windows which led to cork boards being used as replacements. [[Mottram Old Hall, Tameside|Mottram Old Hall]] is a country house in Old Hall Lane which dates to 1727 and was once occupied by the Hollingworth family. <gallery> Image:Mottram Church 02.JPG Image:Mottram Church 03.JPG Old Mottram Hall Entrance.jpg| Mottram Old Hall </gallery> ==Sport== Mottram Cricket Club plays in the Greater Manchester Cricket League. The club was founded in 1860. ==Notable people== *Sir [[Edmund Shaa]] was a goldsmith, and [[Lord Mayor of London]] in 1482, dying there 20 April 1488. He appeared as a character in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play [[Richard III (play)|''Richard III'']], and a bequest was used to found [[Stockport Grammar School]]. *Lawrence Earnshaw (c.1707β12 May 1767) was an inventor and machine-maker, who made an [[astronomical clock]], and a machine to spin and reel cotton in one operation.<ref name=2002-uk>*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100809145051/http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/celebs/scientists4.html Lawrence Earnshaw-Manchester2002 Website]}}</ref><ref name=tameside>*[http://www.tameside.gov.uk/leisure/new/bp_09.htm Lawrence Earnshaw-Tameside Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223731/http://www.tameside.gov.uk/leisure/new/bp_09.htm |date=26 September 2007 }}</ref> <gallery> File:Earnshaw Memorial.jpg|Earnshaw Memorial Image:Earnshaw Memorial 01.JPG Image:Earnshaw Memorial 02.JPG </gallery> *[[John Chapman (1810β1877)]] was MP for [[Grimsby]], High Sheriff of Cheshire, JP and Chairman of the [[Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway]]. He lived in Broadbottom. *The [[Stretford]]-born artist [[L.S. Lowry]] lived in Mottram from 1948 until his death in 1976. A bronze statue of him seated on a bench is located next to the junction of Hyde Road and Stalybridge Road, and there is a commemorative plaque on his former home, "The Elms" on Stalybridge Road. <gallery> Image:L.S. Lowry 01.JPG|L.S. Lowry Memorial File:Home of L S Lowry - geograph.org.uk - 2258803.jpg|Lowry's former home, The Elms File:Lowry's Blue Plaque - geograph.org.uk - 4086303.jpg|Lowry's Blue Plaque </gallery> Famous former residents also include [[Kathy Staff]] (aka Nora Batty from the sitcom ''Last of the Summer Wine'') and [[Harold Shipman]], the UK's most prolific serial killer. ==See also== {{portal|Greater Manchester}} *[[Listed buildings in Longdendale]] *[[Mottram Tunnel]] ==References== {{reflist}} ;Bibliography *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110614155243/http://www.tameside.gov.uk/archives/bibliography.pdf A Tameside bibliography] Published by Tameside MBC == External links == {{Commons category|Mottram in Longdendale}} *[http://www.mottramcc.co.uk Mottram Cricket Club] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061230162250/http://www.tameside.gov.uk/corpgen2/longhistory.htm Mottram in Longdendale] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070417094757/http://www.longdendale.com/history_mottram.html History of Mottram] *[http://www.mottramparish.org.uk Mottram Parish] *[http://www.carlscam.com/mottram/warmem.htm Mottram War Memorial] *[http://www.carlscam.com/mottram/earnshaw.htm Lawrence Earnshaw Memorial] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080709012705/http://www.thelowry.com/lslowry/default.html L.S.Lowry] *[http://www.peakdistrictaircrashes.co.uk/1939-1945w8474.htm Air crash site] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mottram In Longdendale}} [[Category:Towns and villages of the Peak District]] [[Category:Villages in Greater Manchester]] [[Category:Former civil parishes in Greater Manchester]] [[Category:Geography of Tameside]]
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