Editing Mufti Mohammad Sayeed

{{Short description|6th chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir (1932–2016)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = 
| name                = Mufti Mohammad Sayeed
| image               = Mufti Mohammad Sayeed.jpg
| caption             = Mufti Mohammad Sayeed in 2015
| office              = 6th [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir]]
| deputy              = [[Nirmal Kumar Singh]]
| term_start          = 1 March 2015
| term_end            = 7 January 2016
| governor            = [[Narinder Nath Vohra]]
| predecessor         = [[Omar Abdullah]]
| successor           = [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
| governor1           = [[Girish Chandra Saxena]] <br /> [[Srinivas Kumar Sinha]]
| term_start1         = 2 November 2002
| term_end1           = 2 November 2005
| predecessor1        = ''Governor's rule''
| successor1          = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| office2             = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister2      = [[V. P. Singh]]
| term_start2         = 2 December 1989
| term_end2           = 10 November 1990
| predecessor2        = [[Sardar Buta Singh]]
| successor2          = [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| office3             = [[Minister of Tourism]]
| primeminister3      = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| term_start3         = 12 May 1986
| term_end3           = 14 July 1987
| predecessor3        = [[HKL Bhagat]]
| successor3          = [[Jagdish Tytler]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|01|12}}
| birth_place         = [[Bijbehara]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[British India]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|01|07|1936|01|12}}
| death_place         = [[New Delhi]], India
| office4             = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency4       = [[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]]
| predecessor4        = [[Maqbool Dar|Mohammad Maqbool Dar]]
| successor4          = Ali Mohammed Naik
| termstart4          = {{Start date|1998||}}
| termend4            = {{End date|1999||}}
| constituency5       = [[Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]]
| termstart5          = {{Start date|1989||}}
| termend5            = {{End date|1991||}}
| predecessor5        = [[Dharamvir Singh Tyagi]]
| successor5          = [[Naresh Kumar Baliyan]]
| party               = [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
| otherparty          = [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] {{small|(1950–1965)}}<br />[[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(1965–1987, 1991–1999)}}<br />[[Janata Dal]] {{small|(1987–1991)}}
| nationality         = [[India|Indian]]
| children            = 4 (including [[Mehbooba Mufti]], [[Tassaduq Hussain Mufti]], Mehmooda Sayeed, and [[Rubaiya Sayeed]])<ref name="dnamufti"/>
| alma_mater          = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
| occupation          = [[Politician]]
| imagesize           = 
}}

'''Mufti Mohammad Sayeed''' (12 January 1936{{snd}}7 January 2016; Urdu: مفتی محمد سید) was an Indian politician who served as the [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] twice from November 2002 to November 2005 and from March 2015 until his death on January 7, 2016. He held various positions, including [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|minister of Tourism]] in [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet]] and [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|minister of Home Affairs]] in [[V. P. Singh ministry|V. P. Singh's cabinet]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 December 2014 |title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed: Another chance in a chequered career |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-the-other-in-j-k-politics-114122300829_1.html |access-date=23 June 2015 |newspaper=Business Standard}}</ref> Sayeed began his political career in the wing of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] led by [[G. M. Sadiq]], which later merged with the [[Indian National Congress]]. In 1987, he transitioned to the [[Janata Dal]] and subsequently founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP), a regional political party that remains influential in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], currently led by his daughter, [[Mehbooba Mufti]].

==Early life==
Sayeed was born on 12 January 1936, in [[Bijbehara]], [[Anantnag district]], then part of the [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], British India, into a Kashmiri Shia Muslim clerical family. He completed his basic studies in [[Srinagar]] and earned his law and postgraduate degree in [[Arabic]] from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] before entering politics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-much-more-than-delhi-s-man-in-kashmir/story-dQtQ0BMxLCNyLkchav1yuI.html|title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed: Much more than Delhi's man in Kashmir|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/the-sunday-story-a-show-of-hands/|title=The Sunday Story: A show of hands|date=2015-01-04|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-05-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Deceased-JK-CM-Mufti-Mohd-Sayeed-Changed-The-Way-India-Negotiated-With-Terrorists-Here-Are-10-Facts-You-Should-Know-About-Him/#.953vqlqv2|title=Deceased J&K CM Mufti Mohd Sayeed Changed The Way India Negotiated With Terrorists. Here Are 10 Facts You Should Know About Him|last=ScoopWhoop|date=2016-01-07|work=ScoopWhoop|access-date=2018-05-07|language=En}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/the-sunday-story-a-show-of-hands/|title=The Sunday Story: A show of hands|date=March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/dulat-disclosures/191353.html|title=Dulat disclosures}}</ref>

His daughter, [[Mehbooba Mufti]], is a politician and former chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="dnamufti">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/live-jammu-kashmir-cm-mufti-mohammed-sayeed-passes-away-2163089|title=Live: Mufti Mohammad Sayeed to be laid to rest in Bijbehara; Seven-day state mourning declared|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30585105|title=Kashmir's first woman chief minister|last=Masroor|first=Shujaat Bukhari and Riyaz|date=2016-04-04|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-05-07|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/j-bjp-gets-more-cabinet-berths-2711272.html|title=J&K gets its first woman CM in Mehbooba Mufti; BJP gets more Cabinet berths - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=4 April 2016|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref>

==Political party affiliations==
Sayeed started his political career in the 1950s in the Democratic National Conference, a splinter group of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] led by [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]. He was appointed as the district convenor of the party,<ref name=Hebbar>Nistula Hebbar, [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/JampK-Chief-Minister-Mufti-Mohammad-Sayeed-dead/article13986437.ece J&K Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed dead], The Hindu, 7 January 2016.</ref> which merged back into the National Conference in late 1960.{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=77}}

In 1962, he was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Legislative Assembly]] from Bijbehara. After G. M. Sadiq became the chief minister of the state in 1964, Sayeed was appointed as a deputy minister in his government.<ref name=Hebbar/>

In January 1965, the National Conference merged into the [[Indian National Congress]].{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=82}} Thus Sayeed became a member of Congress.

In 1972, Sayeed became a cabinet minister and, the president of the state Congress unit.<ref name=Hebbar/><ref name="ibnlivemufti">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/mufti-mohammed-sayeed-a-political-opportunist-and-stalwart-of-jk-1186359.html|title=Mufti Mohammed Sayeed: A political opportunist and stalwart of J&K|publisher=[[IBNLive]]|date=7 January 2016}}</ref> He joined the [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Rajiv Gandhi Ministry|government]] in 1986 as [[Minister of Tourism (India)|minister of Tourism]].<ref name="ibnlivemufti"/> In 1987, he quit the Congress party to join [[V. P. Singh]]'s [[Jan Morcha]], which led to him becoming the first Muslim [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|minister for Home Affairs]] in the [[Union Cabinet of India]] for one year, from 1989 to 1990.<ref name = "bbc_profile">{{cite news  | last = Prabhat | first = Abhishek | title = Profile: Mufti Mohammad Sayeed |work=BBC News   |publisher=BBC   | date = 29 October 2002 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2369851.stm | access-date = 5 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mufti-a-man-caught-in-the-mid-stream-tragedy/story-YvwYbSI2hxMzKk8UqG4AkO.html|title=Mufti: A man caught in the 'mid-stream' tragedy|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 January 2016}}</ref>

He rejoined the Congress under [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], which he left in 1999 along with his daughter [[Mehbooba Mufti]] to form his own party, the [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]].{{fact|date=November 2023}}

==Political career ==
===Chief Minister: First tenure (2002–2005)===
[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh being seen off by the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Shri Mufti Mohammad Sayeed at the Leh Airport, in Jammu & Kashmir on June 12, 2005.jpg|thumb|The prime minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh being seen off by the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed at the Leh Airport, in Jammu & Kashmir on 12 June 2005]]
[[File:Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir Shri Mufti Mohammed Sayeed calls on the Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in New Delhi on December 12, 2003.jpg|thumb|Chief minister of Jammu & Kashmir Mufti Mohammed Sayeed calls on the prime minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in [[New Delhi]] on 12 December 2003]]
Sayeed participated in the 2002 assembly election and won 18 assembly seats for his Peoples Democratic Party. He went on to form a [[coalition government]] with the Indian National Congress, and was sworn in as the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir for a term of three years.<ref name = "bbc_">{{cite news | title = New leader promises Kashmir 'healing' |work=BBC News   |publisher=BBC   | date = 3 November 2002 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2394023.stm | access-date = 5 March 2009}}</ref>

In 2003, he merged the autonomous [[Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir)|Special Operations Group]] with the [[Jammu and Kashmir Police]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mufti disbands SOG, merges force with police|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-02-25/news/27516040_1_anti-militancy-sog-special-operations-group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205022045/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-02-25/news/27516040_1_anti-militancy-sog-special-operations-group|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2016|website=Economic Times|access-date=7 January 2016|date=25 February 2003}}</ref> It was under his tenure which coincided with the [[India-Pakistan relations|peace process]] led by [[Prime Ministers of India|Indian prime ministers]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Manmohan Singh]] and Pakistani president [[Pervez Musharraf]], with [[Line of Control|LOC]] opened for trade and bus service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-a-master-politician-who-tried-to-nurture-true-indian-constituency-in-kashmir-2163383 |title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed: A master politician who tried to nurture true Indian constituency in Kashmir|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=8 January 2016}}</ref>

===Chief Minister: Second tenure (2015–2016)===
[[File:Shri Mufti Mohammad Sayeed meeting the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 27, 2015.jpg|thumb|Mufti Mohammad Sayeed meeting the prime minister, [[Narendra Modi]], in [[New Delhi]] on 27 February 2015]]
[[File:The Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on April 07, 2015.jpg|thumb|Chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed calling on the Union Home minister, [[Rajnath Singh]], in New Delhi on 7 April 2015]]
[[File:The Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir, Shri Mufti Mohammad Sayeed calling on the President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, in New Delhi on March 28, 2015.jpg|thumb|Chief minister of Jammu & Kashmir, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed calling on the president, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], in New Delhi on 28 March 2015]]
In the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]], the PDP emerged as the single largest party, though it fell short of a majority. Following a coalition agreement between the [[BJP]] and the PDP, Sayeed started his second tenure as the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-will-attend-oath-ceremony-says-jammu-and-kashmirs-chief-minister-to-be-mufti-sayeed-742836?story_interestedin_related|title=PM Modi Will Attend Oath Ceremony, Says Jammu and Kashmir's Chief Minister-to-be Mufti Sayeed|author=Amit Chaturvedi|date=27 February 2015|work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

===Union Minister for Home Affairs===
In 1989, within few days of taking office as the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister for Home Affairs]], his third daughter, Rubaiya, was [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapped]] in 1989.<ref name = "rediff_int1">{{cite news | last = Sreedharan | first = Chindu | title = 'Elections in J&K have not been fair since 1987' | work=[[Rediff.com]] | date = 18 September 1999 | url = http://www.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/18inter.htm | access-date = 5 March 2009}}</ref> Under pressure, she was released from captivity. During his tenure as Home Minister of India the [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]] took place.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/207367.html |title=On 'Holocaust' day, Kashmiris seek probe into Pandit exodus |last=DIN |first=ZAHIR-UD |date=20 January 2016 |location=[[Srinagar]] |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222257/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/207367.html |archive-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kashmirink.in/news/coverstory/probe-the-exodus/133.html |title=PROBE THE EXODUS |last=Din |first=Zahir-ud |date=1 April 2016  |publisher=Kashmir Ink |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701193934/http://www.kashmirink.in/news/coverstory/probe-the-exodus/133.html |archive-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Rediff">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/19kanch.htm |title=19/01/90: When Kashmiri Pandits fled Islamist terror |date=19 January 2005 |publisher=Rediff |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126101005/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/19kanch.htm |archive-date=26 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Attacks on his family and himself==
{{Main|1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed}}
Besides attacks on family members Sayeed also survived attacks on his life by Kashmiri separatists. His daughter Rubaiya Sayeed was also [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapped]] on 9 December 1989.<ref name = "rediff_int1"/>

==Death==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying homage at the mortal remains of Shri Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, at Palam Airport, in New Delhi on January 07, 2016. The Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh is also seen (1).jpg|thumb|The prime minister, Narendra Modi paying homage at the mortal remains of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, at [[Palam Airport]], in New Delhi on 7 January 2016]]
On 24 December 2015, Sayeed was admitted to the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi|AIIMS]] hospital in New Delhi. He suffered from neck pain and fever. His condition gradually deteriorated, and he was put on ventilator support. He died on 7 January 2016 due to multi-organ failure<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-dies-jammu-and-kashmir/ |title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, passes away at AIIMS Delhi |date=7 January 2016 |newspaper=Indian Express }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=J&K CM Mufti Mohammad Sayeed passes away|url=http://www.abplive.in/india-news/jk-cm-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-passes-away-270725|website=ABP Live|access-date=7 January 2016|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108013017/http://www.abplive.in/india-news/jk-cm-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-passes-away-270725|url-status=dead}}</ref> at about 7:30, according to provincial Education Minister and PDP Spokesman Nayeem Akhter.<ref name="React"/> He was just five days short of his 80th birthday when he died.

Reactions to this death came from prime minister [[Narendra Modi]], national Home Minister [[Rajnath Singh]] at Delhi airport and the [[14th Dalai Lama]].<ref>[[Yeshe Choesang]], [http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/exile/4867-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet-offers-condolences-to-ms-mufti His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet offers condolences to Ms Mufti], 11 January 2016, Tibet Post International</ref> He was buried at his ancestral burial ground in Bijbehera<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlykashmir.in/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-laid-to-rest/|title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed laid to rest - Only Kashmir - Behind the News|access-date=23 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126140733/http://onlykashmir.in/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-laid-to-rest/|archive-date=26 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with state honours. Former chief ministers [[Omar Abdullah]] and [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] were present at his funeral.<ref name="trib"/> Condolences also came from former president [[Pranab Mukherjee]], former deputy prime minister [[L. K. Advani]], [[Ram Madhav]], Delhi chief minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]], BJP vice president [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]], former national Oil minister [[Milind Deora]], PDP member Rafi Mir and politicians Kalraj Mishra, [[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]] and Ahmed Patel.<ref name="React">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/he-provided-a-healing-touch-to-kashmir-from-modi-to-kejriwal-condolences-pour-in-for-mufti-mohammad-sayeed-2573756.html|title='He provided a healing touch to Kashmir': From PM Modi to Kejriwal, condolences pour in for Mufti Mohammad Sayeed - Firstpost|date=7 January 2016|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>

According to party member and PDP chief spokesperson [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]],<ref name="React"/> the PDP supported his daughter, Mehbooba Mufti, as the next chief minister, while coalition ally BJP expressed "no objection" to her succeeding her father.<ref name="trib">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/cm-who-brought-jammu-with-kashmir-dies/180846.html|title=CM who brought Jammu with Kashmir dies}}</ref>

Sayeed was buried in [[Dara Shikoh Garden|Dara Shikoh Garden Bijbehara]].<ref name="y503">{{cite web | last=Ehsan | first=Mir | title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, laid to rest in Mughal era park he developed | website=The Indian Express | date=8 Jan 2016 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mufti-mohammad-sayeed-laid-to-rest-at-ancestral-graveyard-in-anantnag-district/ | access-date=11 Oct 2024}}</ref>

==See also ==
* [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-674-01173-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC |ref={{sfnref|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003}}}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mufti Mohammad Sayeed}}
* [http://muftisayeed.in/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100055/http://muftisayeed.in/ |date=4 March 2016 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141117225615/http://jkpdp.org/chief-patron/ Biography on J&K PDP website]
* [http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-collaborator-mufti-mohammed-sayeed The Collaborator: How Mufti Mohammad Sayeed became Delhi’s man in Kashmir]

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{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br />for [[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]]|years=1998–1999}}
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{{Succession box
| before = [[Buta Singh]]
| title  = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| years  = 2 December 1989 – 10 November 1990
| after  = [[Chandra Shekhar]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[President's Rule]]
| title  = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| years  = 2 November 2002 – 2 November 2005
| after  = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
}}
{{Succession box
|before = [[President's Rule]]
|title  = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| after  = [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
| years  = 1 March 2015 – 7 January 2016
}}
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{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sayeed, Mohammad}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
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[[Category:Kashmiri politicians]]
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[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
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[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
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