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Muiden
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{{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> <!-- Name and transliteration --> | name = Muiden | settlement_type = City and former municipality <!-- Images, nickname, motto --> | image_skyline = Muiden het slot en de Flevopolder.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Aerial view of Muiden and Muiderslot | image_flag = Flag of Muiden.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Muiden.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = <!-- Maps, coordinates --> <!-- | image_map = Map - NL - Municipality code 0424 (2009).svg | map_alt = Highlighted position of Muiden in a municipal map of North Holland | map_caption = Location in North Holland --> | pushpin_map = Netherlands#Netherlands North Holland | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Netherlands##Location in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands | coordinates = {{coord|52|20|N|5|4|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[North Holland]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gooise Meren]] <!-- Geographic information --> | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = <ref name="stat"/> <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = 13.07 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 1398ES |language = nl |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |access-date = 19 March 2014}}</ref> | elevation_m = 0 | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = <!-- Population, demographics --> | population_footnotes = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref> | population_total = 7,200 | population_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = auto <!-- For automatic calculation: auto--> | population_demonym = <!-- Other information --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]] | postal_code = 1398β1399<ref name="stat"/> | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]] | area_code = 0294 | website = {{URL|1=http://www.muiden.nl}} | footnotes = }} [[File:Lambert-van-den-Bos-Schauplatz-des-Krieges MG 9494.tif|upright=1.35|thumb|Flooding of the area around Muiden in the Old [[Hollandic Water Line]] to block French troops in 1672]] '''Muiden''' ({{IPA|nl|ΛmΕydΙ(n)|-|Nl-Muiden.ogg}}) is a city and former municipality in the [[Netherlands]], in the province of [[North Holland]]. It lies at the mouth of the [[Vecht (Utrecht)|Vecht]] and is in an area called the [[Vechtstreek]]. Since 2016, Muiden has been part of the new municipality of [[Gooise Meren]]. ==History== The first known reference to Muiden is from 953 when [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor]], granted the settlement and its toll rights to the [[Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht]]. It was called ''Amuda'', meaning "mouth of the (river) A". "A" was the old name for the [[Vecht (Utrecht)|Vecht]] river. In 1122 Muiden was, together with [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], granted some city rights by Emperor [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]. After the lands around Muiden were given to [[Floris V, Count of Holland|Count Floris V]], he began building [[Muiderslot|Muider Castle]] at the mouth of the Vecht river. Muiden once again received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1296. The first defensive works date from the first half of the 15th century. In 1590 the walls were replaced with earthen mounds with [[bastion]]s after a design by [[Adriaen Anthonisz]]. Muiden was the northern end of the [[Dutch Water Line]]. In 1673 the sea lock in the Vecht river was relocated from Fort Hinderdam to Muiden and in 1676 it was expanded with a sea wall along the Vecht mouth to prevent flooding. Developments in warfare during the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870 prompted modernisation, with the construction of forts, part of the [[Stelling van Amsterdam]], which included the Muizenfort, the barracks on the Vestingplein, and the [[casemate]]s in the [[ravelin]]s. The layout of the fortification wall was revised. [[Pampus|Fort Pampus Island]], part of the former municipality of Muiden, was built from 1887 to 1897. Together with the lighthouse island near [[Durgerdam]] and the [[artillery battery]] at the [[:image:Diemerzeedijk.jpg|Diemer seawall]], it was meant to protect the entrance of the [[IJ (Amsterdam)|IJ Bay]] and the harbour of Amsterdam. == Geography == [[File:Gem-Muiden-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of the former municipality of Muiden, June 2015]] The former municipality of Muiden had two population centers: Muiden and [[Muiderberg]]. ==Attractions== [[File:Muiderslot 010.jpg|thumb|[[Muiderslot]] in 2007]] [[File:526452-Fort Pampus.jpg|thumb|Fort [[Pampus]] in 2013]] * [[Muiderslot]] (Muider Castle), a well-preserved castle from the Middle Ages * [[Muizenfort]], (Mice Fort) a 19th-century fortification part of the [[Stelling van Amsterdam]] * [[Pampus|Fort Pampus Island]] is an artificial island that is part of the [[Stelling van Amsterdam|Defence Line of Amsterdam]] (Dutch: ''Stelling van Amsterdam''). Various regional walking and cycling routes pass Muiden. ==Gunpowder factory== In 1702 the hazardous production of [[gunpowder]] was removed from the city of Amsterdam. The [[vroedschap]] of Muiden granted a permit to Reinier van Cuyk of Amsterdam to build a gunpowder mill just west of Muiden that same year. The factory flourished during the First World War, was [[Liquidation|liquidated]] in 1919, and was restarted in 1922. During the 20th century its production steadily increased and the town grew towards the factory. In 1972 it was renamed "Muiden Chemie". In the 1980s, it was accused of illegal shipments to Iran. In 1990 Muiden Chemie went bankrupt and was taken over by the British company Royal Ordnance, part of [[British Aerospace]]. After a fire in 2001 and ongoing concerns over safety, it was decided to close the factory permanently. Explosions since 1883:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muideninfo.nl/dePers/minfo-desluiz-0110.html |title=''Muiden Info: Het Kruit Eruit?'' |access-date=2008-01-29 |language=nl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012922/http://www.muideninfo.nl/dePers/minfo-desluiz-0110.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 }}</ref> * January 9, 1883: explosion on the factory premises, resulting in 13 deaths and much damage to the factory and Muiden. * 1886: explosion, 2 deaths. Destroyed a part of the factory. * 1924/1925: several explosions, 1 death. * January 17, 1947: explosion of collected grenades on the factory premises, 17 deaths and much damage in Muiden. * 1948: a grenade exploded, 1 death. * 1949: explosion in a powder mill, 1 death. * June 13, 1963: explosion in the storage depot, no casualties. * June 2, 1966: explosion in the TNT factory, many injuries and much damage in Muiden. * December 8, 1972: explosion in drying chamber, 2 deaths, much damage in Muiden. * May 30, 1983: explosion, 3 deaths. * September 9, 1983: explosion, 1 death. * August 20, 2001: fire in packing materials storage, no explosions, no casualties. == Local government == [[Marleen de Pater-van der Meer]] of the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA) was the last mayor of Muiden. The municipal council of Muiden consisted of 13 seats, which were divided as follows at the [[2014 Dutch municipal elections|2014 local elections]]:<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2014|title=Muiden municipal election 2014 |url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20140319/631793 |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref> * [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD): 3 seats * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] (PvdA): 3 seats * [[Democrats 66]] (D66): 3 seats * [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA): 2 seats * Ons Muiden Muiderberg: 2 seats There was an election in November 2015 for the council for the new merged Gooise Meren municipality that commenced work on 1 January 2016, replacing Muiden council.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2015|title=Gooise Meren municipal election 2015 |url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20151118/663055 |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref> ==Notable people== {{See also|Gooise_Meren#Notable_people}} *[[Abraham Samson Onderwijzer]] (1862β1934), rabbi and labour union founder == References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== *{{commons category-inline}} *{{wikivoyage-inline}} {{Dutch municipality Gooise Meren}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Geography of Gooise Meren]] [[Category:Former municipalities of North Holland]] [[Category:Populated places in North Holland]] [[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2016]] [[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
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