Editing Multiface

{{refimprove|date=April 2013}}
[[File:ZX Spectrum 48 K (ubt).JPG|thumb|ZX Spectrum with a Multiface One]]
{{Use British English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
The '''Multiface''' is a hardware [[peripheral]] released by [[Romantic Robot]] for several 1980s [[home computer]]s. The primary function of the device was to [[core dump|dump]] the computer's [[memory (computers)|memory]] to [[external storage]]. Pressing a red button on the Multiface activated it. As most games of the era did not have a [[save game]] feature, the Multiface allowed players to save their position by saving a loadable snapshot of the game.<ref name="su1">[https://archive.org/stream/sinclair-user-magazine-134/SinclairUser_134_Apr_1993#page/n16/mode/1up Advertisement, "Sinclair User"], Issue 134, page 16, April 1993</ref> Home computer software of the early 1980s was typically loaded into RAM in one go, with copy protection measures concentrating the loading phase or just after it. The snapshot feature could be used after copy protection routines had been executed, to create a [[backup]] that was effectively unprotected against unauthorised distribution.<ref name="mf1man">{{Cite book |url=https://k1.spdns.de/Vintage/Sinclair/82/Peripherals/Multiface%20I%2C%20128%2C%20and%20%2B3%20(Romantic%20Robot)/MF1/Manual.pdf |title=Multiface One Manual |date=1985 |publisher=Romantic Robot UK Ltd}}</ref> Later models of the Multiface mitigated this by requiring the device to be present when re-loading the dumps into memory, making the dumps useless to people without a Multiface.<ref name="mf3man">{{Cite book |url=https://speccy4ever.speccy.org/doc/Manuale%20Multiface%203.pdf |title=Multiface 3 Manual |pages=5 |chapter=RELOADING PROGRAMS (3.1)}}</ref> Software producers also reacted to the threat by using routines that would prevent execution of the product if it detected that a Multiface was present and by loading the software in multiple parts, thus requiring the presence of the original, copy-protected media.

== Operation ==
Pressing the red button on the Multiface raised the [[non-maskable interrupt]] line on the computer's processor, effectively taking control of the computer. The Multiface would then [[Paging|page in]] its own ROM, temporarily replacing the computer's operating system with that within the Multiface.

== Additional features ==
* All Multifaces had the ability to view and edit the contents of memory. This made cheating in games especially easy: magazines used to print codes every month, known as '[[PEEK and POKE|pokes]]'. By changing the memory, various aspects of the game could be altered, such as the number of lives one had before the game was over.
* Some models of Multiface allowed the user to save a [[screenshot]], and this is how Your Sinclair and likely other magazines produced screenshots of games.<ref name="su1"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillar |first=John |date=July 1992 |title=Wired - Multiface 1, 128, +3 |url=https://ia903206.us.archive.org/29/items/Your_Sinclair_079/Your_Sinclair_079.pdf |work=Your Sinclair |pages=41 |issue=79}}</ref>
* Multifaces contained an extra 8 [[kilobyte]]s of [[random-access memory|RAM]] that could be used by specially written software. Examples of such software included Genie,<ref name="ys1">[https://archive.org/stream/your-sinclair-70/YourSinclair_70_Oct_1991#page/n40/mode/1up Advertisement, "Your Sinclair"], Issue 70, page 40, October 1991</ref> a [[machine code]] [[disassembler]], and Lifeguard,<ref name="ys1"/> a program for analysing the memory of a game during play in order to identify which memory locations should be changed to aid cheating. These programs could be loaded into the Multiface RAM and activated by pressing the red button.
* Some later Multifaces had a 'thru-port', an additional interface on the back of the unit which allowed other peripherals to be plugged into the back.<ref name="ys1"/> This solved the problem of the Multiface using up the computer's only expansion port.

== Models of Multiface ==
Multifaces were released for 8-bit and 16-bit microcomputers, such as the [[ZX Spectrum]], [[Amstrad CPC]] & [[Atari ST]]. Different models had slightly different features.

=== Multiface One ===
[[File:Multiface 1.jpg|thumb|A Multiface One]]
The Multiface One was released in 1986<ref name="su2">[https://archive.org/stream/sinclair-user-magazine-047/SinclairUser_047_Feb_1986#page/n104/mode/1up Lambert, John: "Back Up Your Troubles"], Sinclair User, Issue 47, February 1986</ref> for the [[ZX Spectrum]] 48K. It initially cost £39.95<ref name="ys1"/> ({{inflation|index=UK|value=39.95|start_year=1986|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) and had the capability of saving data to [[cassette tape]], [[ZX Microdrive]], Opus Discovery (an external 3.5&nbsp;inch [[disk drive]]) or Technology Research [[Beta Disk Interface|Beta]] (an interface that allowed 5.25&nbsp;inch and 3.5&nbsp;inch drives to be connected). The device worked on 128K Spectrums, but only if they were put in 48K mode.<ref name="ys1"/> It featured a [[Kempston joystick]] port, and later revisions contained a switch that effectively 'hid' the device from software. Early versions had a [[composite video]] out port<ref name="su2"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Frey|first1=Franco|title=Multifacetted Device|journal=Crash|date=March 1986|issue=26|page=86|url=https://archive.org/details/Crash_No._26_1986-03_Newsfield_GB|accessdate=22 February 2018|publisher=Newsfield Publications}}</ref> but this feature was later removed.

=== Multiface Two ===
[[File:Multiface Two.jpg|thumb|A Multiface Two]]
The Multiface Two was released for the [[Amstrad CPC]] range of computers and had similar features to the Multiface One, but added a button to reset the computer. Control of the visibility of the device was at a software level rather than the hardware switch found on the Multiface One.

=== Multiface 128 ===
[[File:Multiface 128.jpg|thumb|Multiface 128 box]]
The Multiface 128 was released in April 1987<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/your-sinclair-16/YourSinclair_16_Apr_1987#page/n45/mode/1up Advertisement, "Your Sinclair"], Issue 16, page 45, April 1997</ref> for the 128K version of the Spectrum, including the original +2 model. It worked in 128K or 48K mode and it existed in two versions; initially without a 'thru-port' and later, with one, both of which originally cost the same £44.95,<ref name="ys1"/> ({{inflation|index=UK|value=44.95|start_year=1987|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) but were later reduced to the same price as the Multiface One.<ref name="ys2">[https://archive.org/stream/your-sinclair-79/YourSinclair_79_Jul_1992#page/n43/mode/1up Advertisement, "Your Sinclair"], Issue 79, page 43, July 1992</ref> The 128 introduced the ability to save to the [[+D]] and [[DISCiPLE]] disk systems, but lost its joystick port (the Spectrum +2 already had built-in joystick ports). The device was not compatible with the later Spectrum +2A or the Spectrum +3.<ref name="ys1"/>

=== Multiface 3 ===
[[File:Spectrum+3 with multiface.JPG|thumb|Sinclair Spectrum +3 computer with Multiface 3 peripheral attached. Connected to TV and showing boot up screen. The paper keyboard overlay is for a game.]]
The Multiface 3, released in November 1987,<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/your-sinclair-23/YourSinclair_23_Nov_1987#page/n23/mode/1up Advertisement, "Your Sinclair"], issue 23, page 23, November 1987</ref> was designed for the later [[Amstrad]]-made models of Spectrum that the 128 did not support. It existed in two versions; one with a 'thru-port', for £49.95 ({{inflation|index=UK|value=49.95|start_year=1987|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}), and one without, which cost £44.95<ref name="ys3">[https://archive.org/stream/your-sinclair-30/YourSinclair_30_Jun_1988#page/n55/mode/2up 2-page advertisement, "Your Sinclair"], Issue 30, pages 55-56, June 1988</ref> ({{inflation|index=UK|value=44.95|start_year=1988|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). Both were later reduced to £29.95<ref name="ys2"/> ({{inflation|index=UK|value=29.95|start_year=1992|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). The main feature of the Multiface 3 was its ability to save to +3 disk, a useful feature for +3 owners who wanted to avoid the long loading times of tapes.

=== Multiface ST ===
[[File:Multiface ST.jpg|thumb|A Multiface ST]]
The Multiface ST and Multiface ST II were released for Atari's ST computers. They connected to the cartridge port with a wired connector attaching to the monitor port (to generate the interrupt signal when the button was pressed). Far less effective than the earlier Spectrum models and the same as the CPC model, they required the cartridge to be present in order to load saved games. Red, green and blue cartridges have been noted.

== Anti-Multiface ==

''Anti-Multiface'' was a [[public domain]] program for the Amstrad CPC which allowed the restoring of saved memory dumps without the need for a Multiface to be present. It was limited to 128K machines and would not work on dumps bigger than 64K. The program was developed by Serge Querne but credited to "Merlin J. Bond of Magic Software".

== Similar products ==
Competing devices included the Mirage Imager, Disk Wizard, and [[Action Replay]]. At the time, none of these could save as many games, or offered the opportunities for cheating that Multiface did. Action Replays for cheating have since been released on newer systems. Other competing systems were a wide array of software-based transfer programs.

For game consoles of the 1990s there was the [[Game Genie]], which served a similar purpose in allowing memory values to be edited in order to cheat at games.

== External links ==
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/hardware/feat25.html Info from Spectrum Hardware Page]
* [https://www.worldofspectrum.org/pub/sinclair/hardware-info/Multiface1_Manual.pdf Multiface 1 Manual at worldofspectrum.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828125945/http://www.worldofspectrum.org/pub/sinclair/hardware-info/Multiface1_Manual.pdf |date=2018-08-28 }}
* [https://www.worldofspectrum.org/pub/sinclair/hardware-info/Multiface3_Manual.txt Multiface 3 Manual at worldofspectrum.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828125956/http://www.worldofspectrum.org/pub/sinclair/hardware-info/Multiface3_Manual.txt |date=2018-08-28 }}

== Notes ==
<references/>

{{Sinclair computers and clones}}
{{Amstrad}}

[[Category:Amstrad CPC]]
[[Category:Home computer peripherals]]
[[Category:ZX Spectrum]]