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{{Short description|Ship or boat with more than one hull}} [[File:Diagram of relationship between monohulls & multihulls.png|thumb|300px|The relationship between monohulls & multihulls]] A '''multihull''' is a [[boat]] or [[ship]] with more than one [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]], whereas a vessel with a single hull is a [[monohull]]. The most common multihulls are [[catamaran]]s (with two hulls), and [[trimaran]]s (with three hulls). There are other types, with four or more hulls, but such examples are very rare and tend to be specialised for particular functions.<ref>Dubrovsky, V (2004) Ships with Outriggers, Backbone Publishing Co, {{ISBN|0-9742019-0-1}}</ref> ==Multihull history == {{Main|Outrigger boat|Catamaran}} [[File:Priests traveling across kealakekua bay for first contact rituals.jpg|thumb|right|A Polynesian catamaran]] [[Single-outrigger boat]]s, double-canoes ([[catamaran]]s), and double-outrigger boats ([[trimaran]]s) of the [[Austronesian peoples]] are the direct antecedents of modern multihull vessels. They were developed during the [[Austronesian Expansion]] (c. 3000 to 1500 BC) which allowed Austronesians to colonize [[maritime Southeast Asia]], [[Micronesia]], [[Island Melanesia]], [[Madagascar]], and [[Polynesia]]. These Austronesian vessels are still widely used today by traditional fishermen in Austronesian regions in maritime Southeast Asia, [[Oceania]] and Madagascar; as well as areas they were introduced to by Austronesians in ancient times like in the [[East Africa]]n coast and in [[South Asia]].<ref name="Mahdi1999">{{cite book|author=Mahdi, Waruno|title=Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts|publisher=Routledge|year=1999|isbn=0415100542|editor=Blench, Roger|series=One World Archaeology|volume=34|pages=144–179|chapter=The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean|editor2=Spriggs, Matthew}}{{dead link|date=February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Doran1981">{{cite book|last1=Doran|first1=Edwin B.|title=Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins|date=1981|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=9780890961070}}</ref><ref name="Beheim">{{cite journal|last1=Beheim|first1=B. A.|last2=Bell|first2=A. V.|date=23 February 2011|title=Inheritance, ecology and the evolution of the canoes of east Oceania|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=278|issue=1721|pages=3089–3095|doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.0060|pmc=3158936|pmid=21345865}}</ref><ref name="Hornell1932">{{cite journal|last1=Hornell|first1=James|date=1932|title=Was the Double-Outrigger Known in Polynesia and Micronesia? A Critical Study|journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=41|issue=2 (162)|pages=131–143}}</ref><ref name="Doran1974">{{cite journal|last1=Doran|first1=Edwin Jr.|date=1974|title=Outrigger Ages|url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_83_1974/Volume_83%2C_No._2/Outrigger_ages%2C_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.%2C_p_130-140/p1|journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=83|issue=2|pages=130–140|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2020-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118071139/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_83_1974/Volume_83,_No._2/Outrigger_ages,_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.,_p_130-140/p1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Greek sources also describe large third-century BC catamarans, one built under the supervision of [[Archimedes]], the ''[[Syracusia]]'',<ref name="Casson">{{cite book|last=Casson|first=Lionel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDpMh0gK2OUC|title=Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World|publisher=JHU Press|year=1971|isbn=9780801851308|access-date=22 May 2011}}</ref> and another reportedly built by [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] of [[Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]], the ''[[Tessarakonteres]]''.<ref name="athenaeus">{{cite book|author=Athenaeus|title=The Deipnosophists|publisher=[[Henry G. Bohn]]|year=1854|volume=I|pages=324–325|translator=C. D. Yonge|chapter=V:37|author-link=Athenaeus|translator-link=C. D. Yonge|chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV1.p0330&id=Literature.AthV1&isize=L&q1=Callixenus&pview=hide|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517103935/https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV1.p0330&id=Literature.AthV1&isize=L&q1=Callixenus&pview=hide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="athenaeus2">{{cite book|author=Athenaeus|title=The Deipnosophists|pages=203–204|translator=C. D. Yonge|chapter=V:37|chapter-url=http://www.attalus.org/old/athenaeus5b.html|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2021-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101150642/http://www.attalus.org/old/athenaeus5b.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Modern developers === Modern pioneers of multihull design include [[James Wharram]] (UK), [[Derek Kelsall]] (UK), [[Catalac catamarans|Tom Lack]] (UK), [[Lock Crowther]] (Aust), Hedly Nicol (Aust), Malcolm Tennant (NZ), Jim Brown (USA), [[Arthur Piver]] (USA), [[Chris White (multihull designer)|Chris White]] (US), [[Farrier Marine|Ian Farrier]] (NZ), LOMOcean (NZ), Darren Newton (UK), Jens Quorning (DK) and [[Richard Cooper Newick|Dick Newick]] (USA). ==Multihull types == {{See also|Proa}} === Single-outrigger ("proa") === {{See also|Sakman|Walap|Wa (watercraft)}} [[File:National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka - Single outrigger canoe (model) - Woleai Atoll in Federated States of Micronesia - Collected in 1985.jpg|thumb|Model of a ''[[Wa (watercraft)|wa]]'', a single-outrigger vessel, from [[Woleai]] in the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)]]]] A [[single-outrigger canoe]] is a canoe with a slender outrigger ("ama") attached by two or more struts ("akas"). This craft will normally be propelled by paddles. Single-outrigger canoes that use sails are usually inaccurately referred to by the name "[[proa]]". While single-outrigger canoes and proas both derive stability from the outrigger, the proa has the greater need of the outrigger to counter the heeling effect of the sail. The outrigger on a proa can either be on the lee or windward side, or in a tacking proa, interchangeable. However, more recently, proas tend to keep the outrigger either to leeward or to wind which means that instead of tacking, a "shunt" is required, whereby the bow becomes the stern, and the stern becomes the bow. ===Catamaran (twin-hull)=== {{Main|Catamaran}} A catamaran is a vessel with twin hulls. Commercial catamarans began in 17th century England. Separate attempts at steam-powered catamarans were carried out by the middle of the 20th century. However, success required better materials and more developed hydrodynamic technologies. During the second half of the 20th century catamaran designs flourished. Catamaran configurations are used for racing, sailing, tourist and fishing boats. The hulls of a catamaran are typically connected by a bridgedeck, although some simpler cruising catamarans<ref>Such as some [[James Wharram|Wharram]] designs</ref> simply have a trampoline stretched between the crossbeams (or "akas").<ref name="dubrovsky2001">Dubrovsky, V, Laykhovitsky, A (2001) Multi Hull Ships. Backbone Publishing Co. {{ISBN|97809644311-2-6}}</ref> Small beachable catamarans, such as the [[Hobie Cat]], also have only a trampoline between the hulls. Catamarans derive stability from the distance between the hulls—transverse clearance—the greater this distance, the greater the stability.<ref name=Garrett>{{cite book | last = Garrett | first = Ross | title = The Symmetry of Sailing: The Physics of Sailing for Yachtsmen | publisher = Sheridan House, Inc. | date = January 1, 1996 | page = 133 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0VLXORumEF4C&q=catamaran&pg=PA133 | isbn = 9781574090000}}</ref> Typically, catamaran hulls are slim, although they may flare above the waterline to give reserve buoyancy.<ref>As in all the [[Catalac catamarans|Catalac]] designs</ref> The vertical clearance between the design waterplane and the bottom of the bridge deck determines the likelihood of contact with waves. Increased vertical clearance diminishes such contact and increases [[seaworthiness]], within limits.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Tuck | first1 = E. O. | last2 = Lazauskas | first2 = L. | title = Optimum Hull Spacing of a Family of Multihulls | journal = Applied Mathematics Department | publisher = The University of Adelaide | pages = 38 | date = June 11, 1998 | url = http://academic.amc.edu.au/~psahoo/Research/tl98.pdf | access-date = 2016-01-15 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The twin-hull (catamaran) design is effective in enhancing the [https://wavewalk.com/blog/fishing-kayak-stability/ stability of very small, lightweight and narrow personal boats] designed for paddling and powering with portable outboard motors. The 100 lbs (45 kg), 38 inches (96 cm) wide [https://wavewalk.com/blog/boat-skiff/ Wavewalk S4 Microskiff] catamaran is sufficiently stable to allow for three adult anglers to stand in it and fish in full confidence, and it allows for three adults to stand in it and paddle in full confidence. ===Trimaran (double-outrigger)=== {{Main|Trimaran}} [[File:LoeReal 60 foot Waterworld trimaran (cropped).jpg|thumb|A 60' trimaran with high aspect fractional Bermuda rig]] A trimaran (or double-outrigger) is a vessel with two outrigger floats attached on either side of a main hull by a crossbeam, wing, or other form of superstructure. They are derived from traditional double-outrigger vessels of maritime Southeast Asia.<ref name="Mahdi1999"/><ref name="Doran1981"/><ref name="Beheim"/> Despite not being traditionally Polynesian,<ref name="Hornell1932"/><ref name="Doran1974"/> western trimarans use traditional [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] terms for the hull ([[Vaka (sailing)|''vaka'']]), the floats ([[Ama (sailing)|''ama'']]), and connectors ([[Aka (sailing)|''aka'']]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=White, Chris.|title=The cruising multihull|date=1997|publisher=International Marine|isbn=0-07-069868-6|location=Camden, Me.|pages=45|oclc=39033104}}</ref> The word ''trimaran'' is a portmanteau of ''tri'' and ''(cata)maran'',<ref>Collins English Dictionary – 2007 – Harper Collins – {{ISBN|978-0-00-780072-8}}</ref> a term that is thought to have been coined by [[Victor Tchetchet]], a pioneering modern multihull designer, born in [[Ukraine]] (at that time part of the [[Russian Empire]]).<ref name="mm2">{{cite web|title=Victor Tchetchet|url=http://www.multihull-maven.com/Designers/Victor_Tchetchet|publisher=Multihull Maven|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2014-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215013524/http://www.multihull-maven.com/Designers/Victor_Tchetchet|url-status=live}}</ref> Some trimaran configurations use the outlying hulls to enhance stability and allow for shallow draft, examples include the experimental ship [[RV Triton]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/FS_Triton.pdf |title=Northern Patrol Vessel ACV Triton Fact Sheet Australian Customs Service |access-date=2019-03-22 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227223623/http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/FS_Triton.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[USS Independence (LCS-2)|''Independence'']] class of [[littoral combat ships]] (US).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4|title=US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS|publisher=US Navy|access-date=14 March 2015|archive-date=2 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302070526/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Four and five hulls=== Some multihulls with four (quadrimaran) or five (pentamaran) hulls have been proposed; few have been built.<ref name="qf">{{cite journal|journal=Sage|title=Quadrimaran Ferries - High Speed with Shallow Draft|author=William Hockberger|publisher=Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting|year=2007|doi=10.3141/2033-01|s2cid=109720261}}</ref> In 2018 a Swiss entrepreneur sought funding<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yacht.de/aktuell/panorama/ein-quadrimaran-fuer-saubere-meere/a116062.html|title=Ein Quadrimaran für saubere Meere|last=Müller|first=Kristina|date=January 3, 2018|website=Yacht Magazin|language=de|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151011/https://www.yacht.de/aktuell/panorama/ein-quadrimaran-fuer-saubere-meere/a116062.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> to build a sail-driven quadrimaran called ''Manta'' that would use solar power to scoop plastic from the ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blick.ch/news/schweiz/erfindungen-mit-einem-quadrimaran-will-ein-schweizer-plastik-aus-dem-meer-holen-id8240306.html|title=Mit einem Quadrimaran will Schweizer Plastik aus Meer holen|last=Staff|date=2018-04-11|website=Blick|language=de|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151000/https://www.blick.ch/news/schweiz/erfindungen-mit-einem-quadrimaran-will-ein-schweizer-plastik-aus-dem-meer-holen-id8240306.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Manta'' was still under development as of the end of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The SeaCleaners {{!}} The SeaCleaners in action: retrospective 2023 |url=https://www.theseacleaners.org/news/the-seacleaners-in-action-retrospective-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=The SeaCleaners |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201081345/https://www.theseacleaners.org/news/the-seacleaners-in-action-retrospective-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A French manufacturer, Tera-4, produces motor quadrimarans which use aerodynamic lift between the four hulls to promote planing and reduce power consumption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.actunautique.com/2017/04/tera-4-signe-la-vente-de-son-tout-premier-quadrimaran.html|title=Tera-4 signe la vente de son tout premier quadrimaran|date=April 10, 2017|website=ActuNautique.com|language=fr|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151003/http://www.actunautique.com/2017/04/tera-4-signe-la-vente-de-son-tout-premier-quadrimaran.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Design concepts for vessels with two pair of outriggers have been referred to as pentamarans. The design concept comprises a narrow, long hull that cuts through waves. The outriggers then provide the stability that such a narrow hull needs. While the aft sponsons act as trimaran sponsons do, the front sponsons do not touch the water normally; only if the ship rolls to one side do they provide added buoyancy to correct the roll.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinetalk.com/articles-marine-companies/art/Five-Hulls-Make-Ships-Faster-64639T.html|title=Five Hulls Make Ships Faster|date=June 21, 1999|website=marinetalk.com|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225125613/http://www.marinetalk.com/articles-marine-companies/art/Five-Hulls-Make-Ships-Faster-64639T.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1703904.stm|title=In the ocean fast lane|date=December 11, 2001|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-03-09|language=en-GB|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322115813/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1703904.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[BMT Limited|BMT Group]], a shipbuilding and engineering company in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], has proposed a fast [[cargo ship]] and a [[yacht]] using this kind of hull.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newatlas.com/project-veloce-130-metre-40-knot-pentamaran-super-yacht/9934/|title=Project Veloce - 130 metre 40 knot Pentamaran Super Yacht|last=Martin|first=Jack|date=September 4, 2008|website=newatlas.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220062819/https://newatlas.com/project-veloce-130-metre-40-knot-pentamaran-super-yacht/9934/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4503686.stm|title=Ships power into faster future|date=December 7, 2005|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-03-09|language=en-GB|archive-date=2019-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225063754/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4503686.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> ===SWATH multihulls=== [[File:SWATH waterline.svg|right|thumb|A narrow waterline distinguishes a SWATH ship from a conventional [[catamaran]]]] Multihull designs may have hull [[Beam (nautical)|beams]] that are slimmer at the water surface ("waterplane") than underwater. This arrangement allows good wave-piercing, while keeping a buoyant hydrodynamic hull beneath the waterplane. In a catamaran configuration this is called a [[Small-waterplane-area twin hull|small waterplane area twin hull]], or SWATH.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8o_wCgAAQBAJ&q=SWATH&pg=PA230|title=Design Principles of Ships and Marine Structures|last=Misra|first=Suresh Chandra|date=2015|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781482254471|pages=474}}</ref> While SWATHs are stable in rough seas, they have the drawbacks, compared with other catamarans, of having a deeper draft, being more sensitive to loading, and requiring more power because of their higher underwater surface areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-05-04-8602010405-story.html|title=Ships on Stilts|last=Kaharl|first=Victoria|date=May 4, 1986|website=chicagotribune.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-25|archive-date=2019-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325020707/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-05-04-8602010405-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Triple-hull configurations of small waterplane area craft had been studied, but not built, as of 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dubrovsky|first=V.|date=2008-08-22|title=An example of a triple-hull SWA ship of ultimate longitudinal shift (hull structure mass estimation)|journal=Ships and Offshore Structures|volume=3|issue=3|pages=263–265|doi=10.1080/17445300801989014|s2cid=110921016|issn=1744-5302}}</ref> == Performance == Each hull of a multihull vessel can be narrower than that of a monohull with the same displacement<ref>Most ships (excluding hydrofoils and planing hulls) stay afloat by displacing their weight in water. A multihull can divide that displacement between multiple, narrow hulls. A monohull must be deeper, longer, or wider to displace the same amount of water. A single long, deep hull would be unstable and hard to maneuver, so monohulls are almost always wider than the individual hulls of a multihull vessel.</ref> and long, narrow hulls, a multihull typically produces very small bow waves and [[Wake (physics)|wake]]s, a consequence of a favorable [[Froude number#Ship hydrodynamics|Froude number]].<ref>The Froude number of any hull is calculated by <math>\mathrm{Fn}_L = \frac{u}{\sqrt{gL}},</math> where {{math|''u''}} is the relative flow velocity between the sea and ship, {{math|''g''}} is in particular the [[Gravitational constant|acceleration due to gravity]], and {{math|''L''}} is the length of the ship at the water line level, or {{math|''L''<sub>wl</sub>}} in some notations. It is an important parameter with respect to the ship's [[drag (physics)|drag]], or resistance, especially in terms of [[wave making resistance]].</ref><ref>{{Citation | first1 = Park | last1 = J.W. | first2 = Kim | last2 = J.J. | first3 = Kong | last3 = D.S. | editor-last = Wu | editor-first = You-Sheng | editor2-last = Zhou | editor2-first = Guo-Jun | editor3-last = Cui | editor3-first = Wei-Cheng | title = Numerical computation of ship's effective wake and its validation in large cavitation tunnel | series = Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures: Eighth International Symposium - PRADS 2001 | year = 2001 | pages = 1422 | volume = 1 | publisher = Elsevier | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHi3uG6ZgpUC | isbn = 9780080539355 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN400/02.07%20Chapter%207.pdf|title=Resistance and powering of ships|last=Instructors|website=US Naval Academy|pages=7–9|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2020-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408215122/https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN400/02.07%20Chapter%207.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Vessels with beamy hulls (typically monohulls) normally create a large bow wave and wake. Such a vessel is limited by its "hull speed", being unable to "climb over" its bow wave unless it changes from displacement mode to planing mode. Vessels with slim hulls (typically multihulls) will normally create no appreciable bow wave to limit their progress. In 1978, 101 years after catamarans like ''[[Amaryllis (catamaran)|Amaryllis]]'' were banned from [[yacht racing]]<ref name="ym">{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_NOsIXtd14C&dq=%22Jay+Kantola%22&pg=PA84 |author=Randy Thomas |date=June 1985 |pages=84–87 |title=Multihulls Discovered: Part 1: Their origins, myths, magic, mana... and caveats that go along with these craft that have evolved from ancient heritage |magazine=[[Yachting (magazine)|Yachting]] |access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Spirit">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ulstc.org/Herreshoff.html |title=The Spirit of the Times, November 24, 1877 (reprint) |author=L. Francis Herreshoff |publisher=Marine Publishing Co., Camden, Maine |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080124161749/http://www.ulstc.org/Herreshoff.html |archive-date = 2008-01-24}}</ref> they returned to the sport. This started with the victory of the trimaran ''[[Olympus Photo]]'', skippered by Mike Birch in the first [[Route du Rhum]]. Thereafter, no open ocean race was won by a monohull. Winning times dropped by 70%, since 1978. Olympus Photo's 23-day 6 hr 58' 35" success dropped to Gitana 11's 7d 17h 19'6", in 2006. Around 2016 the first large wind driven foil-borne racing catamarans were built. These cats rise onto foils and T-foiled rudders only at higher speeds.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} ==Sailing multihulls and workboats== [[Image:Salem Ferry.JPG|thumb|right|A catamaran ferry in [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]], [[Massachusetts]]]] [[Image:Chalutier_rentrant_au_port_de_Palais_(56).jpg|thumb|right|A French catamaran trawler]] The increasing popularity of catamaran since the 1960s is down to the added space, speed, shallow draft, and lack of heeling underway. The stability of a multihull makes sailing much less tiring for the crew, and is particularly suitable for families. Having no need for ballast for stability, multihulls are much lighter than monohull sailboats; but a multihull's fine hull sections mean that one must take care not to overload the vessel. Powerboats catamarans are increasingly used for racing, cruising and as workboats and fishing boats. Speed, the stable working platform, safety, and added space are the prime advantages for power cats. "The weight of a multihull, of this length, is probably not much more than half the weight of a monohull of the same length and it can be sailed with less crew effort."<ref name=OffshoreHandbook>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB4uFQuUlnEC&q=catamaran+cruising+offshore&pg=PA37 |title= Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising |author= Jim Howard |author2=Charles J. Doane |isbn= 9781574090932 |year= 2000 |publisher= Sheridan House }}</ref> Racing catamarans and trimarans are popular in France, New Zealand and Australia. Cruising cats are commonest in the Caribbean and Mediterranean (where they form the bulk of the charter business) and Australia. Multihulls are less common in the US, perhaps because their increased beam require wider dock/slips. Smaller multihulls may be collapsible and trailerable, and thus suitable for daybooks and racers. Until the 1960s most multihull sailboats (except for beach cats) were built either by their owners or by boat builders; since then companies have been selling mass-produced boats, of which there are more than 150 models.<ref>"Sailor's Multihull Guide" - 3rd edition</ref> ==See also== {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[List of multihulls]] * [[International C-Class Catamaran Championship]] * [[International Catamaran Challenge Trophy]] * [[Monocat]] * [[Round Texel]] * [[Sailing]] * [[Turtling (sailing)|Turtling]] * [[Trampoline (multihulls)]] }} ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References and Bibliography== *{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB4uFQuUlnEC|title= Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising |isbn=1-57409-093-3 |author=Jim Howard, Charles J. Doane |publisher=Sheridan House, Inc. |pages=280 |year= 2000 }} *{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYUDAAAACAAJ&q=Aero-hydrodynamics+of+Sailing|title=Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing |isbn=1-888671-18-1 |author=C. A. Marchaj |publisher=Tiller Publishing |year=2000 }} *{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7JIAAAACAAJ&q=Sail+Performance |title=Sail Performance |isbn=0-07-141310-3 |author=C. A. Marchaj |publisher=McGraw Hill |pages=400 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLz2IAAACAAJ&q=seaworthiness |title=Seaworthiness:The Forgotten Factor |isbn=1-888671-09-2 |author=C. A. Marchaj |publisher=Tiller Publishing |pages=372 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{Cite book |title=Multihull Seamanship |isbn=9781912177080 |author=Gavin le Sueur |author-link=Gavin Le Sueur |publisher=Fernhurst books |pages=148 |url=https://fernhurstbooks.com/books/permalink/15/multihull_seamanship }} * Harvey, Derek, Multihulls for Cruising and Racing, Adlard Coles, London 1990, {{ISBN|0-7136-6414-2}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Multihulls}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20181130003139/http://www.mocra-sailing.co.uk/ The Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051202145120/http://www.catamaran.co.uk/main.htm The UK Catamaran Racing Association] *[http://www.mycq.org.au/ The Multihull Yacht Club of Queensland (Australia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726155643/http://www.mycq.org.au/ |date=2011-07-26 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070212060810/http://multihullboatbuilder.org/ Multihull Boatbuilding Information / Community] *[http://www.multihull-maven.com Articles and news on multihulls, profiles of boats, designers, yards, etc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213013537/http://www.multihull-maven.com/ |date=2005-12-13 }} *[http://www.perspective-design.com/Trimaran-carbon-racing-cruising.html Multihulls designer & builder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018102626/http://perspective-design.com/Trimaran-carbon-racing-cruising.html |date=2013-10-18 }} *[http://www.sailing.org International Sailing Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507144314/http://www.sailing.org/ |date=2017-05-07 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090515234427/http://www.multihulls-world.com/us/ The multihulls reference magazine] *[http://www.multihull.com.au The multihulls reference magazine (Australia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524165015/http://multihull.com.au/ |date=2013-05-24 }} {{Austronesian ships}} {{Ancient seafaring}} {{Sailing vessels and rigs}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Multihulls| ]]
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