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Muroidea
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{{short description|Superfamily of rodents}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil_range|37|0|Middle [[Eocene]] – recent}} | image = Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg | image_caption = Common vole (''[[Microtus arvalis]]'') | taxon = Muroidea | authority = [[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1811 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Platacanthomyidae]]<br> [[Spalacidae]]<br> [[Calomyscidae]]<br> [[Nesomyidae]]<br> [[Cricetidae]]<br> [[Muridae]] '''sister:''' [[Dipodoidea]] }} The '''Muroidea''' are a large [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] of [[rodent]]s, including [[mice]], [[rat]]s, [[vole]]s, [[hamster]]s, [[lemming]]s, [[Gerbillinae|gerbil]]s, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=D'elía |first1=G. |last2=González |first2=E.M. |last3=Pardiñas |first3=U.F.J. |date=2003 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus Deltamys |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504704700919 |journal=Mammalian Biology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=351–364 |doi=10.1078/1616-5047-00104|hdl=11336/102889 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> they occupy a vast variety of [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] on every continent except [[Antarctica]]. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, [[Muridae]], due to difficulties in determining how the [[subfamily|subfamilies]] are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alhajeri |first1=Bader H. |last2=Steppan |first2=Scott J. |date=September 2018 |title=Disparity and Evolutionary Rate Do Not Explain Diversity Patterns in Muroid Rodents (Rodentia: Muroidea) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11692-018-9453-z |journal=Evolutionary Biology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=324–344 |doi=10.1007/s11692-018-9453-z |bibcode=2018EvBio..45..324A |s2cid=255342087 |issn=0071-3260|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon A. |last2=Giarla |first2=Thomas C. |last3=Lim |first3=Burton K. |date=2009-10-15 |title=The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |language=en |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1083–1094 |doi=10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1 |issn=0022-2372|doi-access=free }}</ref> or the overall environment they migrated to or originated<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon A. |last2=Giarla |first2=Thomas C. |last3=Lim |first3=Burton K. |date=2009-10-15 |title=The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |language=en |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1083–1094 |doi=10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1 |issn=0022-2372|doi-access=free }}</ref> in. The following [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] is based on recent well-supported [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogenies]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. | last2 = Adkins | first2 = R. | last3 = Anderson | first3 = J. | doi = 10.1080/10635150490468701 | title = Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 4 | pages = 533–553 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15371245}}</ref> The muroids are classified in six [[family (biology)|families]], 19 [[subfamily|subfamilies]], around 280 [[genus|genera]], and at least 1,750 [[species]]. ==Taxonomy== *Family [[Platacanthomyidae]] ([[spiny dormouse]] and [[Chinese pygmy dormouse|pygmy dormice]]) *Family [[Spalacidae]] (fossorial muroids) **Subfamily [[Myospalacinae]] ([[zokor]]s) **Subfamily [[Rhizomyinae]] ([[bamboo rat]]s and root rats) **Subfamily [[Spalacinae]] ([[blind mole rat]]s) *Clade [[Eumuroida]] – typical muroids **Family [[Calomyscidae]] ***Subfamily [[Calomyscinae]] ([[mouse-like hamster]]s) **Family [[Nesomyidae]] ***Subfamily [[Cricetomyinae]] (pouched rats and mice) ***Subfamily [[Dendromurinae]] ([[African climbing mice]], [[gerbil mice]], [[fat mice]] and [[forest mice]]) ***Subfamily [[Mystromyinae]] ([[white-tailed rat]]) ***Subfamily [[Nesomyinae]] (Malagasy rats and mice) ***Subfamily [[Petromyscinae]] ([[rock mouse|rock mice]] and the [[climbing swamp mouse]]) **Family [[Cricetidae]] ***Subfamily [[Arvicolinae]] ([[vole]]s, [[lemming]]s and [[muskrat]]) ***Subfamily [[Cricetinae]] (true [[hamster]]s) ***Subfamily [[Neotominae]] (North American rats and mice) ***Subfamily [[Sigmodontinae]] ([[New World rats and mice]]) ***Subfamily [[Tylomyinae]] (vesper rats and climbing rats) **Family [[Muridae]] ***Subfamily [[Deomyinae]] (spiny mice, brush-furred mice, link rat) ***Subfamily [[Gerbillinae]] (gerbils, jirds and sand rats) ***Subfamily [[Leimacomyinae]] ([[Togo mouse]]) ***Subfamily [[Lophiomyinae]] ([[crested rat]]) ***Subfamily [[Murinae]] (Old World [[rat]]s and [[mice]] including [[vlei rat]]s) ==Phylogeny== Five main [[clade]]s are recognized by Jansa & Weksler (2004).<ref name="JansaWeksler2004"/> *Family '''[[Spalacidae]]''': [[Spalacinae]], [[Myospalacinae]], and [[Rhizomyinae]] ([[fossorial]] species of the [[Old World]]) *Family '''[[Calomyscidae]]''': [[Calomyscinae]] ([[Asia]]) *Family '''[[Nesomyidae]]''': [[Petromyscinae]], [[Mystromyinae]], [[Cricetomyinae]], [[Nesomyinae]], and core [[Dendromurinae|dendromurines]] ([[Africa]] and [[Madagascar]]) *Family '''[[Muridae]]''': [[Murinae]], [[Otomyinae]], [[Gerbillinae]], [[Acomyinae]], and [[Lophiomyinae]] ([[Old World]]) *Family '''[[Cricetidae]]''': [[Sigmodontinae]], [[Arvicolinae]], and [[Cricetinae]] ([[New World]]) Together, Muroidea and its [[sister group]] [[Dipodoidea]] form the [[suborder]] [[Myomorpha]]. The following [[phylogeny]] of more than 70 Muroidea [[genus|genera]], based on [[molecular phylogenetic]] analysis of the [[RBP3|Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein]] (IRBP) gene, is from Jansa & Weksler (2004: 264).<ref name="JansaWeksler2004">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S.A. | last2 = Weksler | first2 = M. | title = Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 256–276 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15019624}}</ref> Although [[Platacanthomyidae]] was not analyzed by Jansa & Weksler (2004), a study by Fabre et al. 2012<ref name="Fabre">{{Cite journal|last=Fabre |year=2012 |title= A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=88 |display-authors=etal|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-88 |pmid=22697210 |pmc=3532383 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012BMCEE..12...88F }}</ref> suggests that it is the most [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] lineage of Muroidea. {{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:80% |label1='''Muroidea''' |1={{clade |label1= |1='''[[Platacanthomyidae]]'''<ref name="Fabre"/> |2={{clade |label1='''[[Spalacidae]]''' |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Spalacinae]] |1=''[[Spalax]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1=[[Myospalacinae]] |1=''[[Myospalax]]'' |label2=[[Rhizomyinae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Tachyoryctes]]'' |2=''[[Rhizomys]]'' }} }} }} |label2=[[Eumuroida]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1='''[[Calomyscidae]]''' |1=''[[Calomyscus]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1='''[[Nesomyidae]]''' |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Hypogeomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Nesomys]]'' |2=''[[Brachyuromys]]'' }} }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Monticolomys]]'' |2=''[[Macrotarsomys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Brachytarsomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Gymnuromys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Voalavo]]'' |2=''[[Eliurus]]'' }} }} }} }} |3={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Petromyscinae]] |1=''[[Petromyscus]]'' |label2=[[Mystromyinae]] |2=''[[Mystromys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Cricetomys]]'' |2=''[[Beamys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Saccostomus]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Steatomys]]'' |2=''[[Dendromus]]'' }} }} }} }} }} |label2='''[[Muridae]]''' |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Lophiomyinae]] |1=''[[Lophiomys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1=[[Gerbillinae]] |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Tatera]]'' |2=''[[Meriones (rodent)|Meriones]]'' }} |label2=[[Acomyinae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Lophuromys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Deomys]]'' |2=''[[Acomys]]'' }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Murinae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Phloeomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Micromys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Maxomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Niviventer]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Sundamys]]'' |2=''[[Rattus]]'' }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Rhynchomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Otomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Aethomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Rhabdomys]]'' |2=''[[Grammomys]]'' }} }} }} |3={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Tokudaia]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Mouse#Subgenera|Mus]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Mastomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Praomys]]'' |2=''[[Hylomyscus]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1='''[[Cricetidae]]''' |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Cricetinae]] |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Cricetulus]]'' |2={{clade |1=''[[Phodopus]]'' |2=''[[Mesocricetus]]'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Tylomyinae]] |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Tylomys]]'' |2=''[[Nyctomys]]'' }} |label2=[[Neotominae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Neotoma]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Scotinomys]]'' |2=''[[Peromyscus]]'' }} }} }} |3={{clade |label1=[[Arvicolinae]] |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Microtus]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Eothenomys]]'' |2=''[[Clethrionomys]]'' }} }} |label2=[[Sigmodontinae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Sigmodon]]'' |2=''[[Rheomys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Scapteromys]]'' |2=''[[Akodon]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Reithrodon]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Thomasomys]]'' |2=''[[Rhipidomys]]'' }} }} |3={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Zygodontomys]]'' |2=''[[Scolomys]]'' |3={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Oryzomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Oligoryzomys]]'' |2=''[[Nectomys]]'' }} }} }} |4={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Delomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Phyllotis]]'' |2=''[[Calomys]]'' }} }} }} |5={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Juliomys]]'' |2=''[[Irenomys]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Wiedomys]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1=''[[Notiomys]]'' |2=''[[Abrothrix]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ==References== {{Reflist}} # *{{Cite journal | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S. A. | last2 = Giarla | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Lim | first3 = B. K. | doi = 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1 | title = The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 1083 | year = 2009 | doi-access = free }} *{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S.A. | last2 = Weksler | first2 = M. | title = Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 256–276 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15019624}} *{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743 | last1 = Michaux | first1 = J. | last2 = Reyes | first2 = A. | last3 = Catzeflis | first3 = F. | title = Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: Molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 18 | issue = 11 | pages = 2017–2031 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11606698 | doi-access = free }} *Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. pp. 501–755 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. *{{MSW3 Muroidea | id = 13000001 | pages = 894–1531}} *{{Cite journal | last1 = Norris | first1 = R. W. | last2 = Zhou | first2 = K. | last3 = Zhou | first3 = C. | last4 = Yang | first4 = G. | last5 = William Kilpatrick | first5 = C. | last6 = Honeycutt | first6 = R. L. | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.020 | title = The phylogenetic position of the zokors (Myospalacinae) and comments on the families of muroids (Rodentia) | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 972–978 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15120394}} {{Rodents}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q58949}} [[Category:Muroid rodents| ]] [[Category:Myomorpha]] [[Category:Mammal superfamilies]] [[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]] [[Category:Taxa named by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger]]
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