Editing Muromian language

{{Short description|Extinct language  formerly spoken by the Muromian tribe}}
{{Infobox Language
| name             = Muromian
| nativename       = 
| familycolor      = Uralic
| states           = [[Russia]]
| region           = [[Murom]] region
| nation           = 
| fam2             = [[Mordvinic languages|Mordvinic]]?/[[Merya language|Merya]]?
| iso2             = 
| iso3             = none
| map              = File:Finno-ugrian-map-en.svg
| mapcaption       = An approximate map of the non-[[Varangian]] cultures in European Russia, in the 9th century. The Muromian area is shown in bright green.
| ethnicity        = [[Muromians]]
| linglist         = 0te
| extinct          = 10th century
| altname          = Muromanian
}}

'''Muromian''' is an extinct [[Uralic languages|Uralic]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Wieczynski |first=Joseph |url=http://books.google.com/books?q=%22Muromian%2C+belong+to+the+so-called+Volga+branch+of+the+Finno-Ugric+languages%22&btnG=Search+Books |title=The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History |publisher=Academic International Press |year=1976 |isbn=9780875690643 |location= |pages= |authorlink=}}</ref> language formerly spoken by the [[Muromian]] tribe, in what is today the [[Murom]] region in [[Russia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Taagepera |first=Rein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGqWcZu42hUC |title=The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=9780415919777 |location= |page=51 |authorlink=}}</ref> They are mentioned by [[Jordanes]] as ''Mordens'' and in the ''[[Primary Chronicle]]''. Very little is known about the language, but it was probably closely related to the Mordvinic languages [[Moksha language|Moksha]] and [[Erzya language|Erzya]].<ref name="LangDeathMain">{{cite book |last1=Janse |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdzVePSApMgC&pg=PA108 |title=Language Death and Language Maintenance |last2=Tol |first2=Sijmen |last3=Hendriks |first3=Vincent |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2000 |isbn=9789027247520 |location= |page=A108}}</ref> Muromian probably became extinct in the Middle Ages around the 10th century,<ref name=LangDeathMain/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blokland |first=Rogier |title=The Endangered Uralic Languages |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2003 |isbn=9027247528 |location=Amsterdam |pages=108}}</ref> as the Muromians were assimilated by the Slavs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uibopuu |first1=Valev |url= |title=Finnougrierna och deras språk |last2=Lagman |first2=Herbert |publisher=Studentlitteratur |year=1988 |isbn=9789144254111 |location= |pages= |language=Swedish}}</ref> The Muromian language<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-06-22 |title=Muromanian |url=http://multitree.org/codes/0te |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712132414/http://multitree.org/codes/0te |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13 |publisher=MultiTree}}</ref> is unattested, but is assumed to have been Uralic, and has frequently been placed in the Volga-Finnic category.<ref name="Janse 2000 A108">{{cite book |last=Janse |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdzVePSApMgC&pg=PA108 |title=Language Death and Language Maintenance |author2=Sijmen Tol |author3=Vincent Hendriks |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2000 |isbn=978-90-272-4752-0 |page=A108}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wieczynski |first=Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?q=%22Muromian%2C+belong+to+the+so-called+Volga+branch+of+the+Finno-Ugric+languages%22&btnG=Search+Books |title=The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History |publisher=Academic International Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-87569-064-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Taagepera |first=Rein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGqWcZu42hUC |title=The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-415-91977-7 |page=51}}</ref>

== Toponymy ==
[[Aleksandr Matveyev (linguist)|A. K. Matveyev]] identified the [[toponymic]] area upon Lower [[Oka River|Oka]] and Lower [[Klyazma River|Klyazma]], which corresponds with Muroma. According to the toponymy, the Muroma language was close to the [[Merya language]].<ref>''Матвеев А. К.'' Мерянская проблема и лингвистическое картографирование // Вопросы языкознания. 2001. № 5.</ref> A few words have been reconstructed in the Muroma language, based on toponyms, such as: ''*juga'' 'river', ''*vi̮ksa'' ‘river connecting two bodies of water', and ''*voht(V)'' ‘neck of land between two bodies of water’.<ref name=":0">[https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/38908/southeas.pdf Pauli Rahkonen. South-Eastern contact area of Finnic languages in the light of onomastics: dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki. 2018]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Uralic languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muromian Language}}
[[Category:Extinct languages of Europe]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]
[[Category:Medieval languages]]


{{lang-stub}}

[[hu:Muromák]]