Editing Muscat (grape)

{{Short description|Variety of grape}}
{{Other uses|Muscat (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox grape variety
| name            = Muscat
| image           = Muscat blanc et Muscat noir by JM Rosier.jpg
| caption         = [[Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains]] and Muscat Noir showing the white and black-skinned color mutation of the variety
| color           = 
| species         = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]''
| also_called     = <!-- Other names for variety              -->
| origin          = <!-- Country/region of origin, ex:Germany -->
| pedigree0       = <!-- Original pedigree, ex: Blaufraenkisch & Dornfelder -->
| pedigree1       = <!-- Pedigree parent 1, ex: Blaufraenkisch-->
| pedigree2       = <!-- Pedigree parent 2, ex: Dornfelder    -->
| regions         = 
| notable_wines   = 
| hazards         = <!-- Viticultural hazards                 -->
| breeder         = <!-- Breeder, by ex: Hill, Bernd          -->
| institute       = <!-- Breeding institute                   -->
| crossing_year   = <!-- Year of crossing, by ex: 1971        -->
| selection_year  = <!-- Year of selection                    -->
| protection_year = <!-- Year of protection                   -->
| seeds_formation = <!-- Formation of seeds, by ex: Complete  -->
| flowers_sex     = <!-- Sex of flowers, by ex: Hermaphrodite -->
}}

[[File:Grožđe muškat, srpanjski bijeli (2015).jpg|right|thumb|White Muscat – early ripening "July" variety]]
The '''Muscat family of grapes''' includes over 200 [[grape varieties]] belonging to the ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'' species that have been used in [[wine production]] and as [[raisin]] and [[Table grape|table grapes]] around the globe for many centuries. Their [[Wine color|colors]] range from white (such as [[Muscat Ottonel]]), to yellow ([[Moscato Giallo]]), to pink ([[Moscato rosa del Trentino|Moscato Rosa del Trentino]]) to near black ([[Black Muscat|Muscat Hamburg]]). Muscat grapes and wines almost always have a pronounced floral [[Aroma of wine|aroma]]. The breadth and number of varieties of Muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the ''Vitis vinifera'' grape variety are descended from the Muscat variety.<ref name="Robinson p 183">J. Robinson: ''Vines Grapes & Wines'', p. 183. Mitchell Beazley 1986 {{ISBN|1-85732-999-6}}.</ref>

Among the most notable members of the Muscat family are [[Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains]], which is the primary grape variety used in the production of the [[Italian wine|Italian]] [[sparkling wine]] [[Asti wine|Asti]] (also known as ''Moscato d'Asti'') made in the [[Piemonte (wine)|Piedmont]] region. It is also used in the production of many of the [[French (wine)|French]] [[fortified wine]]s known as ''[[vin doux naturels]]''. In [[Australian wine|Australia]], this is also the main grape used in the production of [[Liqueur Muscat]], from the [[Victorian wine]] region of [[Rutherglen wine region|Rutherglen]]. Young, [[Aging of wine|unaged]] and unfortified examples of Muscat blanc tend to exhibit the characteristic Muscat "grapey" aroma as well as citrus, rose and peach notes. Fortified and aged examples (particularly those that have been [[Oak (wine)|barrel]] aged) tend to be very dark in color due to [[Redox|oxidation]] with aroma notes of coffee, fruit cake, raisins and toffee.<ref name="WSET">Wine & Spirits Education Trust: ''Wine and Spirits: Understanding Wine Quality'', pp. 6–9, Second Revised Edition (2012), London, {{ISBN|9781905819157}}.</ref>

[[Muscat of Alexandria]] is another Muscat variety commonly used in the production of French ''vin doux naturel'', but it is also found in [[Spanish wine|Spain]], where it is used to make many of the fortified Spanish Moscatels. Elsewhere it is used to make [[Sweetness of wine|off-dry]] to sweet white wines, often labeled as ''Moscato'' in Australia, [[California wine|California]] and [[South African wine|South Africa]]. In [[Alsace wine|Alsace]] and parts of Central Europe, Muscat Ottonel is used to produce usually dry and highly perfumed wines.<ref name="WSET"/>

== History ==
[[File:Tomb of Nakht (13).jpg|left|thumb|While there are theories that the origin of the Muscat family date back to ancient antiquity, there is no solid historical evidence that Muscat grapevines were among the grape varieties cultivated by civilizations such as the ancient Egyptians ''(papyrus image from the 15th-century BC tomb of [[Nakht]])''.]]
Theories about the origins of Muscat grapes date ancestors of the varieties back to the [[ancient Egyptians]] and [[Persian people|Persians]] of early antiquity ({{circa|3000}}–1000 BC) while some [[ampelographers]], such as [[Pierre Galet]], believe that the family of Muscat varieties were [[propagated (wine)|propagated]] during the period of [[classical antiquity]] ({{circa|800 BC}} to 600 AD) by the [[Greeks (wine)|Greeks]] and [[Romans (wine)|Romans]]. However, while domestic wine production had a long [[history (wine)|history]] in ancient Egypt and Persia and classical writers such as [[Columella]] and [[Pliny the Elder]] did describe very "muscat-like" grape varieties such as ''Anathelicon Moschaton'' and ''Apianae'' that were very sweet and attractive to bees ([[Latin]] ''apis''), there is no solid historical evidence that these early wine grapes were members of the Muscat family.<ref name="Wine Grapes">J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz: ''Wine Grapes: A Complete Guide to 1,368 Vine Varieties, Including Their Origins and Flavours'', pp. 678–696. Allen Lane 2012 {{ISBN|978-1-846-14446-2}}.</ref>

The first documented mention of grapes called "muscat" was in the works of the English [[Franciscan]] scholar [[Bartholomeus Anglicus]] who wrote of wine made from Muscat grapes in his work ''De proprietatibus rerum'' written between 1230 and 1240 while Anglicus was studying in what is now modern [[Saxony]] in Germany. Anglicus' Latin work was translated into [[French (language)|French]] in 1372 with the wine being described by Anglicus as ''"vin extrait de raisins muscats"''.<ref name="Wine Grapes" />

== Origins of the name "Muscat" ==
[[File:Bee on a grape.jpg|right|thumb|The "musky" aroma of ripe Muscat grapes has been known to attract bees (pictured), flies and other insects]]
Because the exact origins of the Muscat family cannot be pinpointed, theories as to the origin of the name "Muscat" are numerous. The most commonly cited is that it is derived from the [[Persian (language)|Persian]] word ''muchk''. Similar etymology follows the [[Greek (language)|Greek]] ''moskos'', Latin ''muscus'' and French ''musc''.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> In Italy, the [[Italian (language)|Italian]] word ''mosca'' for [[fly]] could also be one possibility with the sweet aroma and high [[sugar levels]] of Muscat grapes attracting insects such as [[Drosophila melanogaster|fruit flies]].<ref name="Oxford">J. Robinson (ed): ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'', Third Edition, pp. 35, 100, 450, 453, 463-466. Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0-19-860990-6}}.</ref>

Other theories suggest that the grape family originated in the West Asian country of [[Oman]] and was named after the city of [[Muscat]] located on the coast of the [[Gulf of Oman]]. Another city that is sometimes suggested as a potential birthplace/namesake is the Greek city of [[Moschato]], located southwest of [[Athens]] in [[Attica (region)|Attica]], with ''Moschato'' being a common synonym in Greece for Muscat varieties.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

== Closely related varieties ==
[[File:Muscat de Saumur.jpg|left|thumb|''Muscat d'Eisenstadt'' (also known as "''Muscat de Saumur''"), one of the parent varieties of ''Muscat Ottonel'']]
Of the more than 200 grape varieties sharing "Muscat" (or one of its synonyms) in their name, the majority are not closely related to each other. The exception are the members of the ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and Muscat of Alexandria families. In the early 21st century, [[DNA analysis]] showed that Muscat of Alexandria was, itself, a [[natural crossing]] of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and a black-skinned table grape variety from the [[Greek islands]] known as ''[[Axina de Tres Bias]]''. Rarely seen outside of Greece, ''Axina de Tres Bias'' (also known as "''Heftakilo''") is also grown in [[Malta (wine)|Malta]] and [[Sardinia (wine)|Sardinia]].<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and Muscat of Alexandria, themselves, have crossed and have produced at least 14 different grape varieties, 5 of which are mostly cultivated in [[South America]] and 9 still found in Italy though none are of major use in wine production. More notable and widely planted offspring have come from ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and Muscat of Alexandria crossing with other grape varieties, such as the [[Argentine wine]] grapes of ''[[Cereza]]'', ''[[Torrontés Riojano]]'' and ''[[Torrontés Sanjuanino]]'', stemming from a cross of Muscat of Alexandria with "''[[Listán negro]]''" (also known as the "[[Mission grape]]")<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

Muscat of Alexandria has also been crossed with the [[German (wine)|German]] / [[Italian wine]] grape ''[[Trollinger]]'' (also known as "''Schiava Grossa''") to produce [[Muscat of Hamburg]] and ''[[Malvasia del Lazio]]'', and with the Italian wine grapes ''[[Catarratto bianco]]'' and ''[[Bombino bianco]]'' to produce the [[Marsala wine]] grape ''[[Grillo]]'' and ''[[Moscatello Selvatico]]'', respectively.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> ''Muscat Ottonel'' is the result of a crossing between one Muscat variety, "''[[Muscat d'Eisenstadt]]''" (also known as "''Muscat de Saumur''"), with the [[Swiss wine]] grape ''[[Chasselas]]''<ref name="Clarke"/>

''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' has been identified as one of the parent grapes of several varieties, though with which crossing partner is currently unknown. These include the [[Italian wine grapes]] ''[[Aleatico]]'', ''[[Moscato Giallo]]'' (Yellow Moscato), ''[[Moscato rosa del Trentino]]'' (Pink Moscato of Trentino) and ''[[Moscato di Scanzo]]''. DNA analysis was able to identify the [[Tuscan wine]] grape ''[[Mammolo]]'' as the second parent variety that crossed with ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' to produce ''[[Muscat rouge de Madère]]'' (Red Muscat of Madère).<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

== Characteristic aromas and confusion with other grapes ==
[[File:Moscato d'asti 2.jpg|right|thumb|The characteristic floral, "grapey" aroma of Muscat can be seen in wines such as ''Moscato d'Asti'', made in a winemaking style that emphasizes the varietal aromas of the grape, rather than aromas derived from winemaking processes like oak aging or autolysis on the lees]]
Despite the vast diversity in the Muscat family, one common trait that can be seen in almost all Muscat members is the characteristic floral, "[[grape]]y" [[aroma note]] that is caused by the high concentration of [[monoterpenes]] in the grapes. More than 40 different monoterpenes have been discovered in Muscat grapes (as well as in other aromatic varieties like [[Riesling]] and [[Gewürztraminer]]); these include [[citronellol]], [[geraniol]], [[linalool]] and [[nerol]]. This characteristic "musk" aroma can be best observed in [[body (wine)|light bodied]], low [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] wines such as [[Moscato Asti]] which have not had their [[bouquet (wine)|bouquet]] heavily influenced by other winemaking techniques like [[oak aging]], [[autolysis (wine)|autolysis]] with [[yeast (wine)|yeast]], [[malolactic fermentation]] or [[fortification (wine)|fortification]].<ref name="Oxford"/>

However, this common "musky" (French: ''musqué'') trait has caused some confusion as varieties that are wholly unrelated to the Muscat family are often erroneously associated with Muscat grapes (often by naming and synonyms) due to their aromatic character. These include the [[German wine]] grape [[Morio Muskat]] which, despite its name, is not related to the Muscat family and is, instead, a crossing of [[Silvaner]] x [[Pinot blanc]]. Likewise, the highly aromatic clonal [[mutation (vine)|mutation]] of several wine grape varieties such as [[Sauvignon blanc]], [[Chasselas]] and [[Chardonnay]] are often suffixed with ''Musqué'' which can add confusion to their relationship with the Muscat family.<ref name="Oxford"/> Additionally, the [[Bordeaux wine]] grape [[Muscadelle]] that is used for both sweet and [[dry wines]] is often mistaken for a Muscat variety due to its aromatic qualities.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> While made from a more aromatically neutral grape, [[Melon de Bourgogne]] grape, the [[Loire wine]] [[Muscadet]] is sometimes mistakenly believed to be made from a member of the Muscat family.<ref name="Clarke"/>

Lastly, the Muscat grape can be confused (in name only; the grapes themselves are quite different) with [[Vitis rotundifolia]], which is commonly known as a "[[muscadine]]" grape.

== Key varieties ==
The "Muscat family" is highly populous, with more than 200 distinct members.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> However, among these many different grapes only a handful of Muscat varieties are widely used in wine production. These include ''[[Muscat blanc à Petits Grains]]'', [[Muscat of Alexandria]], [[Muscat of Hamburg]] and ''[[Muscat Ottonel]]''.<ref name="Oxford"/>

=== ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' ===
[[File:Two vdn muscat blanc.jpg|left|thumb|In France, ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' is often used to produce fortified "''Vin doux Naturel''" dessert wines such as the ''Muscat de Saint-Jean de Minervois'' (left) and ''Muscat de Beaume de Venise'' (right) shown]]
''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' is known by many names worldwide, including ''Muscat Blanc'' (white Muscat) in [[France (wine)|France]] and the [[United States (wine)|United States]]), ''Muscat Canelli'' in the United States, ''Moscato Bianco'' (white Moscato) in [[Italy (wine)|Italy]], ''Muscat Frontignan'' in [[South Africa (wine)|South Africa]], ''Moschato'' in [[Greece (wine)|Greece]], ''Brown Muscat'' in [[Australia (wine)|Australia]], ''Muskateller'' in [[Germany (wine)|Germany]] and [[Austria (wine)|Austria]], ''Muscat de Grano Menudo'' in [[Spain (wine)|Spain]], and ''Muscat de Frontignan'' and ''Muscat Lunel'' in France. While the "''petits grains''" in the grape's name accurately describes the small, round berries of the vine, some wine experts, such as [[Oz Clarke]], believe that the term "''Muscat blanc''" is misleading, since the grapevine is notorious for its frequent [[color mutations]] siring clusters of berries in nearly every shade possible though most commonly the grape berries are a deep yellow after [[veraison]]. In some vineyards, vines of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' are known to produce clusters of berries of different colors that change every [[vintage]].<ref name="Clarke">Oz Clarke: ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'', pp. 146-153. Harcourt Books 2001 {{ISBN|0-15-100714-4}}.</ref>

The precise origins of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' are not known, though [[Greece (wine)|Greece]] and Italy can both make compelling cases due to the proliferation of clones, mutations and offspring.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> Today, the grape is found throughout the wine-producing world, making a wide range of wine, from light, sweet [[sparkling (wine)|sparkling]] and semi-sparkling ''[[Asti (wine)|Asti]]'' and ''[[Moscato d'Asti]]'' wine in the [[Piedmont wine]] region of Italy and [[Clairette de Die]] region of France, [[fortified (wine)|fortified]] ''[[vin doux naturel]]s'' (VdN) in southern France in [[AOC (wine)|AOC]] regions such as ''[[Muscat de Beaume de Venise]]'', ''[[Muscat de Saint-Jean de Minervois]]'' and ''[[Muscat de Frontignan]]'', fortified ''[[Liqueur Muscat]]'' in the [[Rutherglen wine region]] in Australia, to dry wines in the ''[[Wachau wine]]'' of Austria and [[Südsteiermark]].<ref name="Clarke"/>

Nearly all the most notable sweet Muscats of Greece, particularly those from the island of [[Samos]] and the city of [[Patras]] on the [[Peloponnese]] are made from ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains''. In the [[history of South African wine]], the famous dessert wine of [[Constantia (wine)|Constantia]] was made from this variety of Muscat and while today Muscat of Alexandria is more widely planted in South Africa, producers around [[Constantia, Cape Town|Constantia]] are trying to reclaim some of the region's viticultural acclaim by replanting more ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and making wines in the style of the original Constantia.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

=== Muscat of Alexandria ===
[[File:Muscat d'Alexandrie.JPG|right|thumb|The berries of Muscat of Alexandria clusters are larger and more oval-shaped than those of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'']]
While the grape's name harkens to the city of [[Alexandria]] and suggest an ancient Egyptian origin, DNA analysis has shown that Muscat of Alexandria is the result of a natural crossing between ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'' and the Greek wine grape ''Axina de Tres Bias''. Though as ''Axina de Tres Bias'' has also been historically grown in Sardinia and Malta, the precise location and origins of Muscat of Alexandria cannot be determined. Compared to ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'', Muscat of Alexandria tends to produce large, moderately loose clusters of large oval-shaped berries that are distinctive from the much smaller, round berries of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains''.<ref name="Clarke"/>

Like most Muscat varieties, Muscat of Alexandria is notable for being a desirable raisin and table grape. This is due in part to the grape's high tolerance of heat and drought conditions. While it is used in wine production (most notably on the island of [[Pantelleria]] between [[Sicily]] and [[Tunisia]], where it makes a ''[[passito]]'' style [[dessert wine]] under the name of "Zibibbo"), the grape lags far behind the reputation of ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains''. This is partly because Muscat of Alexandria is very vigorous and prone to produce high [[yields (wine)|yields]] that can be easily overcropped as well as a more assertive aroma profile due to a higher concentration of the [[monoterpene]] [[geraniol]], which produces a [[geranium]] scent, and lower concentration of [[nerol]] with 
a more fresh, sweet [[rose]] aroma.<ref name="Clarke"/>

In France, Muscat of Alexandria is most prominent as a blending component (with ''Muscat blanc à Petits Grains'') in the VdN wines of [[Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC]] in the [[Roussillon wine]] region. The grape is the primary Muscat variety in Spain, where it is known as ''Moscatel'', though the majority of the country's plantings are used for table grapes and raisins, rather than for wine production. Likewise, in [[Chile (wine)|Chile]], and [[Peru (wine)|Peru]] most of the Moscatel in both countries is used to produce the [[distilled drink]] "[[pisco]]".<ref name="Clarke"/>

In South Africa, Muscat of Alexandria is known as "''Hanepoot''" and was the fourth-most widely planted white wine grape variety in the country until the early 2000s. While some of the plantings were used for wine production, particularly for fortified wine, many plantings were used for the production of [[grape concentrate]] and raisins.<ref name="Oxford"/> In [[California (wine)|California]], there is still more plantings of Muscat of Alexandria than any other Muscat variety, with most of these grapes going into anonymous [[jug wines]] from the [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]].<ref name="Clarke"/> As in many other places in the world, the grape had a long history of use in the United States as a raisin variety, though in the 1920s, plantings of Muscat of Alexandria began to decline as producers turned to more popular [[seedless grape]] varieties.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

=== Muscat of Hamburg ===
[[File:Rudolf Goethe04.jpg|left|thumb|Muscat of Hamburg from an 1895 German viticultural text]]
Even though the vast majority of the members of the Muscat family are dark skinned grapes,<ref name="Oxford"/> most of the major varieties used in wine production are white or "pale skinned", with the one significant exception of [[Muscat of Hamburg]], which is also known as ''Black Muscat''. This dark-skinned grape is believed to have originated in the [[Victorian (era)|Victorian]] [[greenhouses]] of England, where it was first described in 1858 as being propagated by Seward Snow, gardener to the [[Earl de Grey]]. Snow described the grape as a seedling that he created from crossing the Black Hamburg grape (an old synonym of ''[[Schiava Grossa]]'') with the White Muscat of Alexandria. In 2003, DNA analysis confirmed that Muscat of Hamburg was, indeed, a crossing of Muscat of Alexandria and Schiava Grossa, which makes the grape a full sibling to the central Italian grape ''[[Malvasia del Lazio]]'' which has the same parentage.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

While Muscat of Hamburg is used mostly as a table grape throughout the world, there are two notable exceptions. The first is in California, where nearly all of the {{convert|102|ha|acres}} of Black Muscat in cultivation in 2009 were destined for wine production, primarily to produce dessert wines.<ref name="Wine Grapes"/> The other exception is in [[China (wine)|China]], where Muscat of Hamburg is often crossed with ''[[Vitis amurensis]]'' species that are native to the region to produce wine grapes that are better adapted to the climate of various Chinese wine regions.<ref name="Oxford"/>

=== ''Muscat Ottonel'' ===
[[File:Mathiász Jánosné csemegeszőlő.jpg|right|thumb|A bowl of table grapes that includes a mixture of ''Muscat Ottonel'' and ''Chasselas Rouge de Foncé'']]
Like Muscat of Hamburg, ''Muscat Ottonel'' is a relatively recent addition to the Muscat family, being bred in the [[Loire Valley wine]] region of France in the 1850s. The grape is a cross of the [[Swiss wine]] grape ''[[Chasselas]]'' and ''[[Muscat d'Eisenstadt]]'' (also known as ''Muscat de Saumur''). Of all of the major Muscat varieties, ''Muscat Ottonel'' has the most pale skin color, and tends to produce the most neutral wines and is also the grape variety that [[ripens (wine)|ripens]] the earliest.<ref name="Clarke"/>

While varieties such as Muscat of Alexandria tend to thrive in very warm [[Mediterranean climates (wine)|Mediterranean climates]], Muscat of Ottonel has shown an affinity for ripening in cooler [[continental climates (wine)|continental climates]], and has found a home in many Central European nations, such as [[Bulgaria (wine)|Bulgaria]], the [[Czech Republic (wine)|Czech Republic]], [[Romania (wine)|Romania]] and many former republic of the [[Soviet Union]], such as [[Russia (wine)|Russia]], [[Kazakhstan (wine)|Kazakhstan]], [[Moldova (wine)|Moldova]], [[Tajikistan (wine)|Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan (wine)|Turkmenistan]] and [[Ukraine (wine)|Ukraine]].<ref name="Oxford"/> It is also the primary Muscat variety grown in the French region of [[Alsace (wine)|Alsace]], where it is used to produce both dry and off-dry styles. In Austria, it is also the most widely planted Muscat variety, where it is used to produce [[late-harvest wines]] around [[Lake Neusiedl]].<ref name="Clarke"/>

== Other notable varieties ==
[[File:Goldmuskateller-Traube.jpg|right|thumb|''Moscato Giallo'' (Yellow Moscato)]]
[[File:Muskat Blue Traube.JPG|right|thumb|''Muscat bleu'' (Blue Muscat)]]
[[File:Muscat of Norway.JPG|right|thumb|Muscat of Norway]]
* [[Muscat of Bornova]]
* [[Canada Muscat]]
* [[Early Muscat]]
* [[Golden Muscat]]
* ''[[Manzoni Moscato]]''
* ''[[Moscatello Selvatico]]''
* ''[[Moscato di Scanzo]]''
* ''[[Moscato di Terracina]]''
* ''[[Moscato Giallo]]'' (Yellow Moscato)
* ''[[Moscato rosa del Trentino]]'' (Pink Moscato of [[Trentino]])
* [[Muscat Bailey A]]
* ''[[Muscat bleu]]'' (Blue Muscat)
* ''[[Muscat d'Eisenstadt]]''
* ''[[Muscat Fleur d'Oranger]]''
* [[Muscat Odessky]]
* [[Muscat of Norway]]
* [[Muscat Oliver]]
* ''[[Muscat Rose à Petits Grains]]''
* ''[[Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains]]''
* ''[[Muscat Swenson]]''
* ''[[Muŝkát Moravský|Muškát moravský]]''
* [[New York Muscat]]
* [[Riesling Muscat]]

== Synonyms ==
{{One source|section|date=May 2018}}
While each individual Muscat variety has its own set of synonyms, the general prefix of "Muscat" has its own unique translation around the globe. In Greece, the grapes are usually known as "''Moschato''" or "''Moschoudia''", while in Italy, they are known as "''Moscato''" or "''Moscatello''". On the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese and Spanish Muscat grapes are often prefixed as "''Moscatel''", while in Germany, the grapes are usually known as "''Muskat''" or "''Muskateller''". The family of Muscat varieties are known as "''Misket''" in Bulgaria and Turkey, "''Muškat''" in Croatia and "''Muskotály''" in Hungary. In the northern African wine regions of Tunisia, the grapes are often known as "''Meski''".<ref name="Wine Grapes"/>

== See also ==
* [[International variety]]
* [[Shine Muscat]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wines}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dessert wine]]
[[Category:Fortified wine]]
[[Category:Portuguese wine]]
[[Category:Wine grapes of Slovenia]]
[[Category:White wine grape varieties]]
[[Category:Wine grapes of Italy]]
[[Category:Grape varieties of Greece]]