Editing NEC PC-100

{{Short description|Japanese home computer from 1983}}
{{redirect|PC-100|the RAM standard|PC100}}
{{Infobox information appliance
| name          = PC-100
| title         = 
| aka           = 
| logo          = 
| image         = NEC PC-100.jpg
| caption       = 
| developer     = [[NEC]], [[ASCII Corporation|ASCII]], Cybernet Kogyo
| manufacturer  = 
| family        = 
| type          = [[Home computer]]
| generation    = 
| releasedate   = {{Start date and age|1983|10|13}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ui4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22NEC+PC-100%22&pg=PA67 The Industry:Japan on 16K a day], By Alexander Besher, InfoWorld, 28 May 1984, Page 67, ''...Modeled blatantly after the Lisa, the NEC PC-100 was the star introduction at Tokyo's Japan Data Show last October...''</ref>
| lifespan      = 
| price         = Monochrome {{USD|2500}}<br> Color {{USD|3300}}
| discontinued  = 
| unitssold     = 
| unitsshipped  = 
| media         = 
| os            = 
| power         = 
| soc           = 
| cpu           = [[8086]] [[Central processing unit|CPU]] @ 7 MHz
| memory        = 128 KB RAM (expandable to 768 KB RAM), 32 KB ROM
| storage       = 
| memory card   = 
| display       = 14-inch color [[cathode-ray tube|CRT]] (PC-KC651)(Rotatable monitor)<ref>[http://davy.nyacom.net/pc100crt.html NEC PC-100 Color Video Pinout]</ref>
| graphics      = 720 by 512 pixels (512-color palette, capable of displaying 16 colors at once)
| sound         = 
| input         = 
| controllers   = 
| camera        = 
| touchpad      = 
| connectivity  = 
| platform      = 
| service       = 
| dimensions    = 
| weight        = 
| topgame       = 
| compatibility = 
| predecessor   = 
| successor     = 
| related       = 
| website       = <!--{{URL|example.org}}-->
}}
The [[NEC Corporation|NEC]] '''PC-100''' was a Japanese [[home computer]] available on October 13, 1983. It operated on [[Intel 8086|8086]] CPU 7 MHz, 128 KB [[random-access memory|RAM]], 128 KB [[VRAM]], a Japanese language capable keyboard and a two-button [[Computer mouse|mouse]]. It had three models and its color monitor, ''PC-KD651'', which could either be used vertically or horizontally, had a price tag of [[Japanese yen|¥]]198,000. Its biggest advantage over many other computers of its time was its high graphical resolution of 720 x 512 pixels, with a selection of 16 colors out of a total palette of 512 colors on its high end ''model30''. Its OS was [[MS-DOS]] and was also equipped with a [[spreadsheet]] program ''Maruchipuran'' ([[Multiplan]]) and a text editor ''[[Ichitaro (word processor)|JS-WORD]]'' as well as the game [[Lode Runner]].

The development was operated by NEC Electronic Device Business Group, [[ASCII Corporation|ASCII]]  ([[Microsoft]] dealer in Japan) and Cybernet Kogyo, a subsidiary of [[Kyocera]].<ref name="tomita_1995">{{Cite book|url=https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000055/card365.html|title=パソコン創世記|last=富田|first=倫生|publisher=ボイジャー|year=1995|language=Japanese|access-date=2019-03-11|via=[[Aozora Bunko]]}}</ref>

Far ahead of its time and too costly, PC-100 did not sell well. A complete set with the printer PC-PR201 that could print alphabet, [[hiragana]], [[katakana]] and [[kanji]], came to nearly ¥1 million. For comparison, the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Nintendo Family Computer]] released in July of the same year was only ¥14,800 and the vaunted [[Apple Lisa 2]] sold for ¥2.2 million. The cheaper [[PC-9800 series|PC-9801F2]] also by NEC outsold it. 

* model10 (¥398,000) - a 5-inch 2D (360 KB) floppy disk drive
* model20 (¥448,000) - two 5-inch 2D floppy disk drives
* model30 (¥558,000) - two 5-inch 2D floppy disk drives

== Competition with PC-98 ==
NEC phased out the PC-100 due to reorganization of its business units rather than its technical issues.

The Electronic Device Business Group launched the [[PC-8001]] in 1979, making NEC the biggest PC vendor in Japan. However, the Japanese personal computer industry had just begun, and it was unclear which market would grow. Other large computer manufacturers, [[IBM Japan]] and [[Fujitsu]], had not focused on the personal computer industry yet. [[Hitachi]] and [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] released home computers for hobbyists. [[Sord Computer Corporation|Sord]] and [[Oki Electric Industry]] released personal computers for small-business sector.

In 1981, NEC expanded personal computer lines into three groups: NEC Home Electronics, Information Processing Business Group and Electronic Device Business Group, with each specializing in a particular series. The Electronic Device Business Group developed the [[PC-8801]] for consumers who wanted to use it for both hobby and business. The Information Processing Business Group began developing the PC-9801 specialized for business market.<ref name="NEC_2001">{{Cite book|author=日本電気社史編纂室|title=日本電気株式会社百年史|date=2001-12-25|publisher=[[NEC]]|pages=654|language=ja|oclc=676485242}}</ref>

By 1983, the Japanese personal computer industry grew greatly, and its distribution network became complex. It caused the problem for NEC that each group competed to sell its own product to the same chain. Their biggest competitor was each group in the company, and they contested for the leadership. One software company's president recalled the sales section of PC-9801 often said "Down with the 88!".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=1993-03-15|title=特集 : 追う98、追われる98|journal=日経パソコン|language=ja|publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]]|pages=130–145|issn=0287-9506}}</ref>

The PC-100 and PC-9801F were released at the same time, and the problem surfaced. A store manager complained he couldn't determine which salesperson to follow. In December 1983, NEC decided to consolidate [[personal computer]] business into two divisions: NEC Home Electronics to oversee the [[8-bit]] home computer line, and Nippon Electric's Information Processing Business Group to handle the [[16-bit]] personal computer line. The Electronic Device Business Group passed off their personal computer business to NEC Home Electronics. NEC Home Electronics discontinued development of the PC-100, [[PC-6000 series]], [[PC-6600 series]] and PC-8000 series, and these lines were merged into the PC-8800 series to concentrate on the home computer market.<ref name="NEC_2001" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=田中|first=繁廣|title=100万人の謎を解く ザ・PCの系譜|date=1988-02-17|publisher=コンピュータ・ニュース社|isbn=4-8061-0316-0|pages=76–89|language=ja|chapter=ドキュメント・NECのPC戦略—市場制覇への道を切り拓いた戦士達 その決断と挑戦の歴史}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.eonet.ne.jp/~building-pc/pc/pc1983.htm パソコンの歴史 1983年] - timeline

{{NEC computers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nec Pc-100}}
[[Category:NEC personal computers|Pc-0100]]
[[Category:8086-based home computers]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1983]]