Editing NGC 1

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 1
| image = NGC 1 from the DESI Legacy Surveys.jpg
| alt = NGC 1
| upright = 1.2
| caption = NGC 1, as seen on [[Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument|DESI Legacy Surveys]]
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| ra = {{RA|00|07|15.84}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|+27|42|29.1}}<ref name="ned" />
| constellation name = [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]
| z = 0.015177 ± 0.000002<ref name="ned" />
| h_radial_v = {{nowrap|4550 ± 1 [[Metre per second|km/s]]}}<ref name="ned" />
| gal_v = {{nowrap|4723 ± 7 [[Metre per second|km/s]]}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = 211 ± 14 M[[light-year|ly]]<br/>{{nowrap|(64.7 ± 4.5 M[[parsec|pc]])}}<ref name=ned-dist>{{cite web
  |title=Distance Results for NGC 0001
  |work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
  |url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+0001
  |access-date=2010-05-03}}</ref>
| type = SABbc<ref name="ned" />
| size_v = 1.6' × 1.2',<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 13.65<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_b = 13.6<ref name="seds">{{Cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC1|title=Revised NGC Data for NGC 1|website=spider.seds.org|access-date=2017-12-09}}</ref>
| absmag_v = -22.08<ref name="ned" />
| notes =
| names = [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 57, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 564, Holm 2A, [[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies|MCG]]+04-01-025.<ref name="ned" />
}}
'''NGC 1''' is an [[Intermediate spiral galaxy|intermediate]] [[spiral galaxy]] of the [[galaxy morphological type|morphological type]] Sbc,<ref name="ned" /> located in the [[constellation]] of [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]. It was discovered on 30 September 1861 by [[Heinrich d'Arrest]].<ref name="cseligman">{{Cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc0.htm#1|title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 1 - 49|website=cseligman.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref>

== Observation history ==
Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1 on 30 Sep 1861 while testing the 11-inch f/17.5 Merz refractor of the Copenhagen Observatory.  He missed nearby NGC 2.  This was d'Arrest's first deep sky discovery, though he was uncertain if his object was identical to h4 or h5 (both of which refer to NGC 16).  His descriptions (combination of 4 observations) read "faint, small, round, 20", no concentration.  In a straight line connecting two stars 11 and 14 mag."  Herman Schultz observed NGC 1 three times in 1866 and 1868 with a 9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala and he also missed fainter NGC 2.  The NGC 1 and 2 pair are not physically related. NGC 1 lies at a distance of ~200 million l.y. with NGC 2 at roughly 320 million l.y. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/NGC%201-7840%20complete.htm|title=www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/NGC%201-7840%20complete.htm|website=Astronomy Mall}}</ref>

The initial observers missed [[NGC 2]], which is much fainter. NGC 1 appears to be quite close to NGC 2, in reality however, the two objects are far apart and unrelated. NGC 2 was first observed as a "companion" of NGC 1 by [[Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse|Lawrence Parsons]].<ref name="cseligman" />

== Properties ==
[[File:NGC 1 and NGC 2 from the DESI Legacy Survey.jpg|thumb|left|NGC 1 and NGC 2 as an [[Double star|optical double]]]]
At an estimated 140,000 light-years in diameter,<ref name="cseligman" /> NGC 1 is roughly the same size as our galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], which is believed to be approximately 160,000 light-years across.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.space.com/29270-milky-way-size-larger-than-thought.html|title=Size of the Milky Way Upgraded, Solving Galaxy Puzzle|work=Space.com|access-date=2017-11-12}}</ref> Although its [[apparent magnitude]] of 13.65 makes the galaxy appear too faint to see with the naked eye, its [[absolute magnitude]] of -22.08 makes NGC 1 two to three times more [[Luminosity|luminous]] than our home galaxy. The galaxy is 4.0 Mly away from the 80,000 light-years wide galaxy [[UGC 69]], its nearest major neighbor.

NGC 1 has a visual size of 1.6' × 1.2'.<ref name="ned" /> Being [[Galaxy morphological classification|classified]] as a SABbc class galaxy using the [[Hubble sequence]] and the [[De Vaucouleurs system]] as an extension, NGC 1 is a spiral galaxy with the presence of a weak [[Barred spiral galaxy|nuclear bar]] and loosely wound arms.<ref name="Class">{{cite journal|last=de Vaucouleurs|first=Gérard|title=Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies|journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement|date=April 1963|volume=8|page=31|doi=10.1086/190084|bibcode = 1963ApJS....8...31D }}</ref>  Although the central galaxy is only about 90,000 light-years across, a large, diffuse arm extends eastwards from it, possibly from a past merger.

Based on its [[redshift]] of approximately 0.015177 and thus [[recessional velocity]] of 4450&nbsp;km/s,<ref name="ned" /> the distance of the galaxy from the Solar System can be calculated using [[Hubble's law]]. Using current observation data, this places the galaxy at approximately 210 to 215 million light-years from Earth, which is in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 175 to 245 million light years. An opposing measurement of the galaxy's recessional velocity of 2215&nbsp;km/s would place the galaxy only about 100 million light-years away. However, this is regarded unlikely by most astronomers and believed to be a misattributed value for a different galaxy.<ref name="cseligman" />

== Listing in astronomical catalogues ==
After being logged as the first object in the [[Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars|General Catalogue]], the galaxy is also the first object to be listed in the catalogue's successor, the [[New General Catalogue]].<ref name="ned">{{cite web
  | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
  | work=Results for NGC 0001
  | url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=NGC+1&img_stamp=yes&extend=no
  | access-date=2006-11-04}}</ref>  With an original [[right ascension]] of {{RA|00|00|4}} at the time of the catalog's compilation ([[epoch (astronomy)|epoch]] 1860), this object had the lowest right ascension of all the objects in the catalog, making it the first listing in the New General Catalogue as the objects were arranged by right ascension.<ref>[[Dreyer, J. L. E.]], "New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of stars (1888)", ''Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society'', '''49'''. p3, Royal Astronomical Society, 1962.</ref>  Since then, the coordinates have shifted, and this object no longer has the lowest right ascension of all the NGC objects.<ref>Erdmann, R.E., Jr., ''The Historically Corrected New General Catalogue of Nebulæ and Clusters of Stars'', p12, [http://www.ngcic.org/public_HCNGC/The_HCNGC_intro.pdf retrieved] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200620062609/https://www.ngcic.org/public_HCNGC/The_HCNGC_intro.pdf archived] 13 June 2008.</ref>

NGC 1 is also listed in the [[Uppsala General Catalogue]] (UGC 57) and in the [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue]] (PGC 564).<ref name="ned" />

==See also==
*[[Pegasus (constellation)]]
*[[List of NGC objects (1–1000)]]
*[[Spiral galaxy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{WikiSky}}
* [http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC1 SEDS]

{{Ngc5}}
{{Ugc5}}
{{Catalogs|NGC=1|UGC=57|PGC=564}}
{{Sky|00|07|15.86||27|42|29.7|190000000}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 0001}}
[[Category:Galaxies discovered in 1861]]
[[Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Pegasus (constellation)]]
[[Category:NGC objects|0001]]
[[Category:UGC objects|00057]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|00564]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1861|18610930]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Heinrich Louis d'Arrest]]