Editing NRLMSISE-00

[[Image:Atmosphere model.png|thumb|right|280px|NRLMSISE output]]

'''NRLMSISE-00''' is an [[empirical]], global [[reference atmospheric model]] of the Earth from ground to space.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Picone|first1=J. M.|last2=Hedin|first2=A. E.|last3=Drob|first3=D. P.|last4=Aikin|first4=A. C.|date=2002-12-01|title=NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics|language=en|volume=107|issue=A12|pages=1468|doi=10.1029/2002JA009430|issn=2156-2202|bibcode=2002JGRA..107.1468P|hdl=2060/20020038771|hdl-access=free}}</ref> It models the [[temperature]]s and [[density|densities]] of the atmosphere's components. A primary use of this model is to aid predictions of [[satellite]] orbital decay due to [[atmospheric drag]]. This model has also been used by astronomers to calculate the mass of air between telescopes and laser beams in order to assess the impact of [[laser guide stars]] on the non-lasing telescopes.<ref>Coulson, Dolores M. & Roth, Katherine C., Adaptive Optics Systems II. Edited by Ellerbroek, Brent L.; Hart, Michael; Hubin, Norbert; Wizinowich, Peter L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7736, pp. 773652-773652-9 (2010)</ref>

==Development==
The model, developed by Mike Picone, Alan Hedin, and Doug Drob, is based on the earlier models MSIS-86 and MSISE-90, but updated with actual satellite drag data. It also predicts [[anomalous oxygen]].

''NRL'' stands for the [[US Naval Research Laboratory]]. MSIS<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=85741076&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch|title=Trademark Status & Document Retrieval|website=tsdr.uspto.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-02-10}}</ref> stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. ''E'' indicates that the model extends from the ground through [[exosphere]] and ''00'' is the year of release.

Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space research.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere|title=Empirical Modeling of the Upper Atmosphere: NRLMSISE-00, HWM07, and G2S|website=www.nrl.navy.mil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211130429/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-date=2016-12-11}}</ref>

==Input and output==
The inputs for the model are:
* Year and day
* time of day
* [[altitude|geodetic altitude]] from 0 to 1,000 km
* [[latitude|geodetic latitude]]
* [[longitude]]
* local apparent solar time
* 81-day average of [[F10.7 solar flux]]
* daily F10.7 solar flux for previous day
* Daily [[magnetic index]]

The outputs of the model are:
* [[Helium]] [[number density]]
* [[Oxygen]] (O) number density
* [[Oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Argon]] (Ar) number density
* [[Hydrogen]] (H) number density
* total mass density
* Anomalous oxygen number density
* Exospheric temperature
* temperature at altitude

==See also==
* [[Static atmospheric model]]
* [[International Standard Atmosphere]] links to 1976 standard.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430 Publication]
*[https://swx-trec.com/msis/ Interactive Visualization]
*[https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/modelweb/atmospheric/msis/nrlmsise00/ C and Fortran source code]
*[https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff/tree/master/NRLMSIS_F90 F90 source code]
*[http://pastebin.com/yA1Wi1rc MATLAB mex bridge]
*[https://gitlab.orekit.org/orekit/orekit/-/blob/master/src/main/java/org/orekit/models/earth/atmosphere/NRLMSISE00.java Java code] in [https://orekit.org Orekit] space dynamics library


[[Category:Atmosphere of Earth]]
[[Category:Government software]]